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Amarenco P, Lavallée PC, Monteiro Tavares L, Labreuche J, Albers GW, Abboud H, Anticoli S, Audebert H, Bornstein NM, Caplan LR, Correia M, Donnan GA, Ferro JM, Gongora-Rivera F, Heide W, Hennerici MG, Kelly PJ, Král M, Lin HF, Molina C, Park JM, Purroy F, Rothwell PM, Segura T, Školoudík D, Steg PG, Touboul PJ, Uchiyama S, Vicaut É, Wang Y, Wong LKS. Five-Year Risk of Stroke after TIA or Minor Ischemic Stroke. N Engl J Med 2018; 378:2182-2190. [PMID: 29766771 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1802712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke, the long-term risk of stroke and other vascular events is not well known. In this follow-up to a report on 1-year outcomes from a registry of TIA clinics in 21 countries that enrolled 4789 patients with a TIA or minor ischemic stroke from 2009 through 2011, we examined the 5-year risk of stroke and vascular events. METHODS We evaluated patients who had had a TIA or minor stroke within 7 days before enrollment in the registry. Among 61 sites that participated in the 1-year outcome study, we selected 42 sites that had follow-up data on more than 50% of their enrolled patients at 5 years. The primary outcome was a composite of stroke, acute coronary syndrome, or death from cardiovascular causes (whichever occurred first), with an emphasis on events that occurred in the second through fifth years. In calculating the cumulative incidence of the primary outcome and secondary outcomes (except death from any cause), we treated death as a competing risk. RESULTS A total of 3847 patients were included in the 5-year follow-up study; the median percentage of patients with 5-year follow-up data per center was 92.3% (interquartile range, 83.4 to 97.8). The composite primary outcome occurred in 469 patients (estimated cumulative rate, 12.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.8 to 14.1), with 235 events (50.1%) occurring in the second through fifth years. At 5 years, strokes had occurred in 345 patients (estimated cumulative rate, 9.5%; 95% CI, 8.5 to 10.5), with 149 of these patients (43.2%) having had a stroke during the second through fifth years. Rates of death from any cause, death from cardiovascular causes, intracranial hemorrhage, and major bleeding were 10.6%, 2.7%, 1.1%, and 1.5%, respectively, at 5 years. In multivariable analyses, ipsilateral large-artery atherosclerosis, cardioembolism, and a baseline ABCD2 score for the risk of stroke (range, 0 to 7, with higher scores indicating greater risk) of 4 or more were each associated with an increased risk of subsequent stroke. CONCLUSIONS In a follow-up to a 1-year study involving patients who had a TIA or minor stroke, the rate of cardiovascular events including stroke in a selected cohort was 6.4% in the first year and 6.4% in the second through fifth years. (Funded by AstraZeneca and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Amarenco
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Philippa C Lavallée
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Linsay Monteiro Tavares
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Julien Labreuche
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Gregory W Albers
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Halim Abboud
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Sabrina Anticoli
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Heinrich Audebert
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Natan M Bornstein
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Louis R Caplan
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Manuel Correia
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Geoffrey A Donnan
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - José M Ferro
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Fernando Gongora-Rivera
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Wolfgang Heide
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Michael G Hennerici
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Peter J Kelly
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Michal Král
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Hsiu-Fen Lin
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Carlos Molina
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Jong Moo Park
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Francisco Purroy
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Peter M Rothwell
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Tomas Segura
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - David Školoudík
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - P Gabriel Steg
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Pierre-Jean Touboul
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Shinichiro Uchiyama
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Éric Vicaut
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Yongjun Wang
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Lawrence K S Wong
- From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., L.M.T., J.L., P.-J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, INSERM Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science-Unité 1148, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrose Inflammation Remodelage, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, and AP-HP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital (É.V.), Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (H. Abboud); the Stroke Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome (S.A.); Ärztliche Leitung der Klinik für Neurologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (H. Audebert), Klinik für Neurologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Celle (W.H.), and the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (M.G.H.) - all in Germany; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto (M.C.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon (J.M.F.) - both in Portugal; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Stroke Unit and Neurology Service, University Hospital José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico (F.G.-R.); the Neurovascular Research Unit and Health Research Board, Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin (P.J.K.); the Comprehensive Stroke Center, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc (M.K.), and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University (D.Š), Olomouc, Czech Republic; the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-F.L.); the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.), the Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (F.P.), and the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Albacete University Hospital, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (T.S.) - all in Spain; the Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.P.); the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (Y.W.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
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24
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Amarenco P, Lavallée PC, Labreuche J, Ducrocq G, Juliard JM, Feldman L, Cabrejo L, Meseguer E, Guidoux C, Adraï V, Ratani S, Kusmierek J, Lapergue B, Klein IF, Gongora-Rivera F, Jaramillo A, Abboud H, Olivot JM, Mazighi M, Touboul PJ, Steg PG. Coronary Artery Disease and Risk of Major Vascular Events After Cerebral Infarction. Stroke 2013; 44:1505-11. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.111.000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
The impact of asymptomatic coronary artery disease on the risk of major vascular events in patients with cerebral infarction is unknown.
Methods—
Four hundred five patients with acute cerebral infarction underwent carotid, femoral artery, thoracic, and abdominal aorta ultrasound examination. Of 342 patients with no known coronary heart disease, 315 underwent coronary angiography. We evaluated the 2-year risk of major vascular events (myocardial infarction, resuscitation after cardiac arrest, hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure, stroke, or major peripheral arterial disease events) in patients with known coronary heart disease (n=63), and in the no known coronary heart disease group (n=315) as a function of coronary angiographic status (n=315).
Results—
At 2 years, the estimated risk of major vascular events was 11.0% (95% confidence interval, 8.2–14.7). According to baseline coronary angiography, estimated risk was 3.4% in patients with no coronary artery disease (n=120), 8.0% with asymptomatic coronary artery stenosis <50% (n=113), 16.2% with asymptomatic coronary artery stenosis ≥50% (n=81), and 24.1% with known coronary heart disease (
P
<0.0001). Using no coronary artery disease as the reference, the age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of vascular events was 2.10 (0.63–6.96) for asymptomatic coronary stenosis <50%, 4.36 (1.35–14.12) for asymptomatic coronary stenosis ≥50%, and 6.86 (2.15–21.31) for known coronary artery disease.
Conclusions—
In patients with nonfatal cerebral infarction, presence and extent of asymptomatic stenoses on coronary angiography are strong predictors of major vascular events within 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Amarenco
- From the INSERM U 698 (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., L.C., E.M., C.G, B.L., I.F.K., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Université Paris Diderot (P.A., P.C.L., L.F., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Paris, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.C., E.M., C.G., V.A., S.R., J.K., B.L., F.G.-R., A.J., H.A., J.-M.O., M.M., P.-J.T), Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit (I.F.K.), Department of Cardiology (G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., P.G.S.), Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique
| | - Philippa C. Lavallée
- From the INSERM U 698 (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., L.C., E.M., C.G, B.L., I.F.K., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Université Paris Diderot (P.A., P.C.L., L.F., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Paris, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.C., E.M., C.G., V.A., S.R., J.K., B.L., F.G.-R., A.J., H.A., J.-M.O., M.M., P.-J.T), Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit (I.F.K.), Department of Cardiology (G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., P.G.S.), Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique
| | - Julien Labreuche
- From the INSERM U 698 (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., L.C., E.M., C.G, B.L., I.F.K., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Université Paris Diderot (P.A., P.C.L., L.F., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Paris, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.C., E.M., C.G., V.A., S.R., J.K., B.L., F.G.-R., A.J., H.A., J.-M.O., M.M., P.-J.T), Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit (I.F.K.), Department of Cardiology (G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., P.G.S.), Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique
| | - Gregory Ducrocq
- From the INSERM U 698 (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., L.C., E.M., C.G, B.L., I.F.K., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Université Paris Diderot (P.A., P.C.L., L.F., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Paris, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.C., E.M., C.G., V.A., S.R., J.K., B.L., F.G.-R., A.J., H.A., J.-M.O., M.M., P.-J.T), Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit (I.F.K.), Department of Cardiology (G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., P.G.S.), Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique
| | - Jean-Michel Juliard
- From the INSERM U 698 (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., L.C., E.M., C.G, B.L., I.F.K., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Université Paris Diderot (P.A., P.C.L., L.F., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Paris, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.C., E.M., C.G., V.A., S.R., J.K., B.L., F.G.-R., A.J., H.A., J.-M.O., M.M., P.-J.T), Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit (I.F.K.), Department of Cardiology (G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., P.G.S.), Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique
| | - Laurent Feldman
- From the INSERM U 698 (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., L.C., E.M., C.G, B.L., I.F.K., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Université Paris Diderot (P.A., P.C.L., L.F., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Paris, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.C., E.M., C.G., V.A., S.R., J.K., B.L., F.G.-R., A.J., H.A., J.-M.O., M.M., P.-J.T), Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit (I.F.K.), Department of Cardiology (G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., P.G.S.), Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique
| | - Lucie Cabrejo
- From the INSERM U 698 (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., L.C., E.M., C.G, B.L., I.F.K., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Université Paris Diderot (P.A., P.C.L., L.F., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Paris, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.C., E.M., C.G., V.A., S.R., J.K., B.L., F.G.-R., A.J., H.A., J.-M.O., M.M., P.-J.T), Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit (I.F.K.), Department of Cardiology (G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., P.G.S.), Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique
| | - Elena Meseguer
- From the INSERM U 698 (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., L.C., E.M., C.G, B.L., I.F.K., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Université Paris Diderot (P.A., P.C.L., L.F., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Paris, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.C., E.M., C.G., V.A., S.R., J.K., B.L., F.G.-R., A.J., H.A., J.-M.O., M.M., P.-J.T), Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit (I.F.K.), Department of Cardiology (G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., P.G.S.), Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique
| | - Céline Guidoux
- From the INSERM U 698 (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., L.C., E.M., C.G, B.L., I.F.K., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Université Paris Diderot (P.A., P.C.L., L.F., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Paris, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.C., E.M., C.G., V.A., S.R., J.K., B.L., F.G.-R., A.J., H.A., J.-M.O., M.M., P.-J.T), Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit (I.F.K.), Department of Cardiology (G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., P.G.S.), Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique
| | - Valérie Adraï
- From the INSERM U 698 (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., L.C., E.M., C.G, B.L., I.F.K., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Université Paris Diderot (P.A., P.C.L., L.F., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Paris, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.C., E.M., C.G., V.A., S.R., J.K., B.L., F.G.-R., A.J., H.A., J.-M.O., M.M., P.-J.T), Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit (I.F.K.), Department of Cardiology (G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., P.G.S.), Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique
| | - Samina Ratani
- From the INSERM U 698 (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., L.C., E.M., C.G, B.L., I.F.K., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Université Paris Diderot (P.A., P.C.L., L.F., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Paris, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.C., E.M., C.G., V.A., S.R., J.K., B.L., F.G.-R., A.J., H.A., J.-M.O., M.M., P.-J.T), Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit (I.F.K.), Department of Cardiology (G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., P.G.S.), Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique
| | - Jérôme Kusmierek
- From the INSERM U 698 (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., L.C., E.M., C.G, B.L., I.F.K., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Université Paris Diderot (P.A., P.C.L., L.F., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Paris, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.C., E.M., C.G., V.A., S.R., J.K., B.L., F.G.-R., A.J., H.A., J.-M.O., M.M., P.-J.T), Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit (I.F.K.), Department of Cardiology (G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., P.G.S.), Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique
| | - Bertrand Lapergue
- From the INSERM U 698 (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., L.C., E.M., C.G, B.L., I.F.K., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Université Paris Diderot (P.A., P.C.L., L.F., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Paris, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.C., E.M., C.G., V.A., S.R., J.K., B.L., F.G.-R., A.J., H.A., J.-M.O., M.M., P.-J.T), Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit (I.F.K.), Department of Cardiology (G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., P.G.S.), Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique
| | - Isabelle F. Klein
- From the INSERM U 698 (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., L.C., E.M., C.G, B.L., I.F.K., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Université Paris Diderot (P.A., P.C.L., L.F., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Paris, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.C., E.M., C.G., V.A., S.R., J.K., B.L., F.G.-R., A.J., H.A., J.-M.O., M.M., P.-J.T), Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit (I.F.K.), Department of Cardiology (G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., P.G.S.), Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique
| | - Fernando Gongora-Rivera
- From the INSERM U 698 (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., L.C., E.M., C.G, B.L., I.F.K., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Université Paris Diderot (P.A., P.C.L., L.F., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Paris, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.C., E.M., C.G., V.A., S.R., J.K., B.L., F.G.-R., A.J., H.A., J.-M.O., M.M., P.-J.T), Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit (I.F.K.), Department of Cardiology (G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., P.G.S.), Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique
| | - Arturo Jaramillo
- From the INSERM U 698 (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., L.C., E.M., C.G, B.L., I.F.K., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Université Paris Diderot (P.A., P.C.L., L.F., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Paris, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.C., E.M., C.G., V.A., S.R., J.K., B.L., F.G.-R., A.J., H.A., J.-M.O., M.M., P.-J.T), Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit (I.F.K.), Department of Cardiology (G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., P.G.S.), Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique
| | - Halim Abboud
- From the INSERM U 698 (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., L.C., E.M., C.G, B.L., I.F.K., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Université Paris Diderot (P.A., P.C.L., L.F., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Paris, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.C., E.M., C.G., V.A., S.R., J.K., B.L., F.G.-R., A.J., H.A., J.-M.O., M.M., P.-J.T), Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit (I.F.K.), Department of Cardiology (G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., P.G.S.), Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique
| | - Jean-Marc Olivot
- From the INSERM U 698 (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., L.C., E.M., C.G, B.L., I.F.K., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Université Paris Diderot (P.A., P.C.L., L.F., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Paris, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.C., E.M., C.G., V.A., S.R., J.K., B.L., F.G.-R., A.J., H.A., J.-M.O., M.M., P.-J.T), Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit (I.F.K.), Department of Cardiology (G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., P.G.S.), Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique
| | - Mikael Mazighi
- From the INSERM U 698 (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., L.C., E.M., C.G, B.L., I.F.K., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Université Paris Diderot (P.A., P.C.L., L.F., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Paris, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.C., E.M., C.G., V.A., S.R., J.K., B.L., F.G.-R., A.J., H.A., J.-M.O., M.M., P.-J.T), Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit (I.F.K.), Department of Cardiology (G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., P.G.S.), Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique
| | - Pierre-Jean Touboul
- From the INSERM U 698 (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., L.C., E.M., C.G, B.L., I.F.K., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Université Paris Diderot (P.A., P.C.L., L.F., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Paris, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.C., E.M., C.G., V.A., S.R., J.K., B.L., F.G.-R., A.J., H.A., J.-M.O., M.M., P.-J.T), Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit (I.F.K.), Department of Cardiology (G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., P.G.S.), Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique
| | - Philippe Gabriel Steg
- From the INSERM U 698 (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., L.C., E.M., C.G, B.L., I.F.K., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Université Paris Diderot (P.A., P.C.L., L.F., M.M., P.-J.T., P.G.S.), Paris, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.C., E.M., C.G., V.A., S.R., J.K., B.L., F.G.-R., A.J., H.A., J.-M.O., M.M., P.-J.T), Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit (I.F.K.), Department of Cardiology (G.D., J.-M.J., L.F., P.G.S.), Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique
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