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Sasapardhi SB, Verma PK, Srivastava AK, Das KK, Kumar A, Dikshit P, Maurya VP, Bhaisora KS, Mehrotra A, Jaiswal AK, Mishra P, Behari S, Kumar R, Mishra H, Shahare K. An institutional study on accuracy of freehand cervical C1 C2 screws placement by knock and drill technique in craniovertebral anomalous bony anatomy: An evaluation of more than 600 screws based on SGPGI screw accuracy criteria. J Craniovertebr Junction Spine 2024; 15:83-91. [PMID: 38644916 PMCID: PMC11029100 DOI: 10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_116_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the accuracy of freehand cervical C1 C2 screws placement by knock and drill (K and D) technique in craniovertebral anomalous bony anatomy. Materials and Methods From January 2017 to December 2022, 682 consecutive C1 C2 screws in 215 patients with craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomalies were enrolled. All patients underwent posterior fixation with K and D technique without any fluoroscopic guidance. The patient's demographic details, clinical details, radiological details, major intraoperative events, and postoperative complications were noted. The screws malposition grades and direction on CT images in the axial and sagittal plane were defined as new per proposed "SGPGI accuracy criteria." All patients had a clinical evaluation at 3-month follow-up. Results Total 682 C1, C2 screws were placed in 215 patients for CVJ anomalies using K and D technique. The accuracy of screws placement by freehand technique was 84.46% (576/682). So with technique explained the rate of malplacement in simple (16.35%) and complex (15.19%) groups were almost comparable and comparison difference was not significant (P = 0.7005). Conclusion The freehand technique, as described, is effective in cases of anomalous bony anatomy, and it is mandatory in complex CVJ anomalies. The accuracy of screw placement and VA injury is comparable with major studies. This technique is supposedly cost-effective and less hazardous to both health-care workers and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Bisan Sasapardhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Verma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuntal Kanti Das
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Ved Prakash Maurya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kamlesh Singh Bhaisora
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anant Mehrotra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prabhaker Mishra
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Behari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harshit Mishra
- Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kalyani Shahare
- Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Singh P, Mishra H, Pandey PC, Rai SB. Structure, photoluminescence properties, and energy transfer phenomenon in Sm 3+/Eu 3+ co-doped CaTiO 3 phosphors. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj05774c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The energy transfer from Sm3+ and Eu3+ due to dipole–dipole interaction, variation in emission intensity of Sm3+ and Eu3+ peaks with varying concentration of Eu3+ and thermal stability of 2Sm3+, 2.5Eu3+ and 2Sm3+/2.5Eu3+ co-doped CaTiO3 phosphors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Singh
- Laser and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - H. Mishra
- Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Praveen C. Pandey
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Shyam Bahadur Rai
- Laser and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Mishra H, Pahwa B, Agrawal D, M Ch MS, M Ch SSK. Gamma knife radiosurgery as an efficacious treatment for paediatric central nervous system tumours: a retrospective study of 61 neoplasms. Childs Nerv Syst 2022; 38:909-918. [PMID: 35290486 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-022-05463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Brain tumours have an incidence of 1.15 to 5.14 cases per 100,000 children and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Radiosurgery has become a promising approach to manage these paediatric CNS tumours. The aim of the present study was to analyse the efficacy of radiosurgery in the treatment of a variety of paediatric tumours of CNS. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted from 1997 to 2012 at a single Neurosurgery centre. All paediatric patients (≤ 18 years of age) with CNS tumours who were treated with gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) and had a minimum follow up of 6 months were included in the study. Patients with lesions other than tumours were excluded. Clinical, radiological and GKRS planning data was collected and analysed in all patients. RESULTS A total of 76 children with brain tumours had GKRS during the study period. Of these, 40 children (with 61 neoplasms) had follow-up available and were included in the study. The mean age was 16 years (6-18 years). Seventeen patients received primary GKRS, 20 patients received secondary, and 3 patients received both. The median tumour volume was 3.3 cm3 (0.14-38.9 cm3). The mean dose was 12.56 Gy at 50% isodose line. The majority of the tumours were meningioma (n = 20) followed by acoustic schwannoma (n = 17). The mean treatment time was 67.04 min. Thirty-three tumours responded favourably to GKRS, 24 showed a stable size, 3 had no response while 1 progressed, requiring surgery. CONCLUSION GKRS has the potential to become an indispensable tool in the management of paediatric brain neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Mishra
- Consultant Neurosurgeon, We Care Hospital, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Bhavya Pahwa
- University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Agrawal
- Department of Neurosurgery, JPNA Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Manmohan Singh M Ch
- Department of Neurosurgery, JPNA Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - S S Kale M Ch
- Department of Neurosurgery, JPNA Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
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Kumar S, Jain A, Tawari M, Rathore L, Sahana D, Mishra H, Sahu R. An experience with Goel-Harms C1-C2 fixation for type II odontoid fractures. J Craniovert Jun Spine 2022; 13:175-181. [PMID: 35837432 PMCID: PMC9274684 DOI: 10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_22_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Type II odontoid fractures need surgical stabilization for disabling neck pain and instability. Anterior odontoid screw fixation is a well-known technique. However, certain patients require posterior fixation. We present our surgical results and experiences with nine cases managed by the Goel-Harms technique. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective review of nine patients operated on between January 2019 and December 2021 for Type II odontoid fractures with posterior fixation technique. Their clinical profile was collected from case files. The radiological data were retrieved from radiology archives. The indications for surgery were instability and refractory neck pain. The surgical decision for posterior fixation was guided by fracture morphology. Results: The mean age of presentation was 37.22 ± 9.85 years. Seven patients had Type II, and two had Type IIa odontoid fracture. All patients presented with unbearable neck pain. One patient had a quadriparesis. The fracture line was anterior-inferior sloping in six, posterior-inferior sloping in two, and transverse in one case. The anterior-posterior displacement of fracture ranged from 0 to 7 mm (mean 2.44 ± 2.18 mm). Partial transverse ligament tear without the Atlanto Axial Dislocation was present in three patients. The C1-C2 joint distraction was required in five cases. C1-C2 joint spacer was required in two cases. Following surgery, neck pain was relieved in all cases. Complete fracture alignment was achieved in eight patients. There were no postoperative complications. At the mean follow-up of 16.22 ± 9.61 months, there was no implant failure. Conclusions: Posterior C1-C2 fixation by the Goel-Harms technique is an excellent alternative to anterior fixation in selected cases.
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Joshi R, Medhi B, Prakash A, Chandy S, Ranjalkar J, Bright HR, Basker J, Govindraj L, Chugh PK, Tripathi CD, Badyal DK, Balakrishnan S, Jhaj R, Shukla AK, Atal S, Najmi A, Banerjee A, Kamat S, Tripathi RK, Shetty YC, Parmar U, Rege N, Dikshit H, Mishra H, Roy SS, Chatterjee S, Hazra A, Bhattacharya M, Das D, Trivedi N, Shah P, Chauhan J, Desai C, Gandhi AM, Patel PP, Shah S, Sheth S, Raveendran R, Mathaiyan J, Manikandan S, Jeevitha G, Gupta P, Sarangi SC, Yadav HN, Singh S, Kaushal S, Arora S, Gupta K, Jain S, Cherian JJ, Chatterjee NS, Kaul R, Kshirsagar NA. Assessment of prescribing pattern of drugs and completeness of prescriptions as per the World Health Organization prescribing indicators in various Indian tertiary care centers: A multicentric study by Rational Use of Medicines Centers-Indian Council of Medical Research network under National Virtual Centre Clinical Pharmacology activity. Indian J Pharmacol 2022; 54:321-328. [PMID: 36537400 PMCID: PMC9846909 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_976_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The rational use of medicines as per the World Health Organization (WHO) should be practiced globally. However, data regarding the completeness of the prescriptions and their rational use is lacking from developing countries like India. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the prescribing patterns of drugs and completeness of prescriptions as per WHO core drug use and complementary indicators to provide real-life examples for the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) online prescribing skill course for medical graduates. METHODS Prescriptions of the patients, fulfilling inclusion criteria, attending Outpatient Departments of various specialties of tertiary care hospitals, were collected by thirteen ICMR Rational use of medicines centers located in tertiary care hospitals, throughout India. Prescriptions were evaluated for rational use of medicines according to the WHO guidelines and for appropriateness as per standard treatment guidelines using a common protocol approved by local Ethics committees. RESULTS Among 4838 prescriptions, an average of about three drugs (3.34) was prescribed to the patients per prescription. Polypharmacy was noted in 83.05% of prescriptions. Generic drugs were prescribed in 47.58% of the prescriptions. Further, antimicrobials were prescribed in 17.63% of the prescriptions and only 4.98% of prescriptions were with injectables. During the prescription evaluation, 38.65% of the prescriptions were incomplete due to multiple omissions such as dose, duration, and formulation. CONCLUSION Most of the parameters in the present study were out of the range of WHO-recommended prescribing indicators. Therefore, effective intervention program, like training, for the promotion of rational drug use practice was recommended to improve the prescribing pattern of drugs and the quality of prescriptions all over the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - B Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Medhi B, Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. E-mail:
| | - A Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Chandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Ranjalkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - HR Bright
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Basker
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - L Govindraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - PK Chugh
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - CD Tripathi
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - DK Badyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - S Balakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - R Jhaj
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - AK Shukla
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - S Atal
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - A Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - A Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - S Kamat
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - RK Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - YC Shetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - U Parmar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Rege
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - H Dikshit
- Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - H Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - SS Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - S Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - A Hazra
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - M Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - D Das
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - N Trivedi
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Baroda, Gujarat, India
| | - P Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Baroda, Gujarat, India
| | - J Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Baroda, Gujarat, India
| | - C Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - AM Gandhi
- Department of Pharmacology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - PP Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - S Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - S Sheth
- Department of Pharmacology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - R Raveendran
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - J Mathaiyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - S Manikandan
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - G Jeevitha
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - P Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - SC Sarangi
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - HN Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Kaushal
- Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - S Arora
- Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - K Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - S Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - JJ Cherian
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - NS Chatterjee
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - R Kaul
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - NA Kshirsagar
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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Mishra H, Singh J, Karmakar S, Kumar R. An integrated approach for modeling uncertainty in human health risk assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:56053-56068. [PMID: 34046836 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A human health risk assessment (HHRA) will not remain simple and straightforward when it involves multiple uncertain input variables. Uncertainties in HHRA result from the unavailability and subjectivity of input variables. Though several studies have performed HHRA, the quantification of uncertainty in HHRA under a situation of data scarcity and the simultaneous application of random and non-random input variables have rarely been reported. The present study proposes an integrated hybrid health risk modeling framework involving the concurrent treatment of random and non-random input variables and estimating the uncertainties linked to the input variables in HHRA. The proposed framework presents the flexibility to classify the input variables into fuzzy and probabilistic categories, based on their data availability and provenience nature. The framework is demonstrated over the Turbhe sanitary landfill in Navi Mumbai, India, where the fate and transport of heavy metals in leachate are investigated through LandSim modeling. The present study considers the LandSim-simulated heavy metal concentration and body weight as a random variable and water intake, exposure duration, frequency, bioavailability, and average time as fuzzy variables. Further, the uncertainties in the non-carcinogenic human health risk have been quantified using Monte Carlo simulations, followed by a comprehensive multivariate sensitivity analysis of the proposed framework. High health risk at Turbhe is estimated for the male and female population. This study presents the first effort to quantify the non-carcinogenic human health risks from leachate-contaminated groundwater considering the health risk input variables as non-deterministic. The proposed framework is generic and applicable to any landfill site and will remain unaltered when integrated health risk assessment and uncertainty assessment are performed for the landfill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Mishra
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Jitendra Singh
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
- School of the Environment, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, 98686, USA
| | - Subhankar Karmakar
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- Centre for Urban Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
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Gallo A, Tavares F, Das R, Mishra H. How particle-particle and liquid-particle interactions govern the fate of evaporating liquid marbles. Soft Matter 2021; 17:7628-7644. [PMID: 34318861 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00750e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Liquid marbles refer to droplets that are covered with a layer of non-wetting particles. They are observed in nature and have practical significance. These squishy objects bounce, coalesce, break, inflate, and deflate while the liquid does not touch the substrate underneath. Despite the considerable cross-disciplinary interest and value of the research on liquid marbles, a unified framework for describing the mechanics of deflating liquid marbles-as the liquid evaporates-is unavailable. For instance, analytical approaches for modeling the evaporation of liquid marbles exploit empirical parameters that are not based on liquid-particle and particle-particle interactions. Here, we have combined complementary experiments and theory to fill this gap. To unentangle the contributions of particle size, roughness, friction, and chemical make-up, we investigated the evaporation of liquid marbles formed with particles of sizes varying over 7 nm-300 μm and chemical compositions ranging from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic. We demonstrate that the potential final states of evaporating liquid marbles are characterized by one of the following: (I) constant surface area, (II) particle ejection, or (III) multilayering. Based on these insights, we developed an evaporation model for liquid marbles that takes into account their time-dependent shape evolution. The model fits are in excellent agreement with our experimental results. Furthermore, this model and the general framework can provide mechanistic insights into extant literature on the evaporation of liquid marbles. Altogether, these findings advance our fundamental understanding of liquid marbles and should contribute to the rational development of technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gallo
- Interfacial Lab (iLab), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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Patel G, Mandal A, Choudhary S, Mishra R, Shahi U, Mishra H. Myths, facts and scope of spinal cord tolerance dose revision in Intensity modulated SIB treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer: A dosimetrical and radiobiological demonstration. Cancer Radiother 2020; 25:8-12. [PMID: 33293203 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the possibility of revising the spinal cord tolerance dose in Simultaneously Integrated Boost (SIB) intensity modulated treatment plan of locally advanced head and neck (H&N) cancer and assessment of achieved planning gain due to the revision. In SIB regimen, the Organ at Risk (OARs) tolerance dose is equally distributed throughout the treatment. Clinicians have usually considered the spinal cord tolerance to be the same as in conventional technique. However, in SIB fractionation regimen with intensity modulation treatment, the spinal cord may receive a physical dose of 45Gy, with much lesser dose per fraction than 2Gy per fraction. So when the dose of spinal cord is distributed throughout the treatment, the tolerance dose limit of physical dose can be considered higher than the usual conventional dose limits. In this study, an attempt has been made to explore the possibilities of dose escalation and treatment planning benefits while exploiting this "Window of Opportunity (WoO)" of increase in spinal cord and Planning Risk Volume (PRV) spinal cord tolerance dose. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 12 patients CT data set along with approved structure set of H&N cancer used for treatment planning in. Three independent SIB VMAT plans named as SPC, SPR and SPDE were generated for the 12 patients. First plan (SPC) was generated by considering standard spinal cord tissue constraint of maximum dose of 45Gy and PRV spinal cord maximum dose 50Gy as per QUANTEC summary and second plan (SPR) was generated considering spinal cord tissue constraint of maximum dose 52.50Gy and PRV spinal cord maximum dose 56.35Gy while optimization and dose calculation. The objectives for rest of the Organ at Risk (OAR) were kept same in both the plans during optimization and dose calculation. The SPC plan was copied for creation of third plan (SPDE) in which dose was escalated by increasing dose per fraction for target volumes such that dose to spinal cord reached a maximum dose of 52.50Gy and PRV spinal cord maximum dose of 56.35Gy. In this plan there have been changes to only dose per fraction, however dose optimization and dose calculation have not been performed. Radiobiological parameters TCP and NTCP were also calculated by using indigenously developed software. RESULTS Considering the increase of spinal cord tolerance dose as "window of opportunity", a sufficient escalation in physical dose, Biological Effective Dose (BED) and Tumor Control Probability (TCP) was observed for all target volumes with acceptable level of NTCP values. CONCLUSION Sufficient dose escalation and increased in TCP for target volumes or effective planning benefits can be achieved by revising the spinal cord tolerance dose in intensity modulated SIB treatment of locally advanced H&N cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Patel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, India.
| | - A Mandal
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, India.
| | - S Choudhary
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, India.
| | - R Mishra
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, India.
| | - U Shahi
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, India.
| | - H Mishra
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, India.
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Mahadik GA, Hernandez-Sanchez JF, Arunachalam S, Gallo A, Cheng L, Farinha AS, Thoroddsen ST, Mishra H, Duarte CM. Superhydrophobicity and size reduction enabled Halobates (Insecta: Heteroptera, Gerridae) to colonize the open ocean. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7785. [PMID: 32385357 PMCID: PMC7210887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the remarkable evolutionary success of insects at colonizing every conceivable terrestrial and aquatic habitat, only five Halobates (Heteroptera: Gerridae) species (~0.0001% of all known insect species) have succeeded at colonizing the open ocean - the largest biome on Earth. This remarkable evolutionary achievement likely required unique adaptations for them to survive and thrive in the challenging oceanic environment. For the first time, we explore the morphology and behavior of an open-ocean Halobates germanus and a related coastal species H. hayanus to understand mechanisms of these adaptations. We provide direct experimental evidence based on high-speed videos which reveal that Halobates exploit their specialized and self-groomed body hair to achieve extreme water repellence, which facilitates rapid skating and plastron respiration under water. Moreover, the grooming behavior and presence of cuticular wax aids in the maintenance of superhydrophobicity. Further, reductions of their body mass and size enable them to achieve impressive accelerations (~400 ms-2) and reaction times (~12 ms) to escape approaching predators or environmental threats and are crucial to their survival under harsh marine conditions. These findings might also inspire rational strategies for developing liquid-repellent surfaces for drag reduction, water desalination, and preventing bio-fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Mahadik
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - J F Hernandez-Sanchez
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Arunachalam
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Gallo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - L Cheng
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0202, USA
| | - A S Farinha
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - S T Thoroddsen
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Mishra
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Mishra H, Neralwar A. Prevalence of Sickle Cell Disease Among School-age Children in Chhattisgarh, India: Predictions, Implications and Interventions. Journal of Health Management 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0972063419868553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a haemoglobin disorder prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East and India. SCD is a major cause of morbidity and low quality of life in Chhattisgarh and other central Indian states. Currently, there is no estimate available for the number of SCD patients and carriers in Chhattisgarh. The Government of Chhattisgarh conducted a screening project for measuring prevalence of SCD among school-age children in the state in October 2007–December 2017 in six districts of the state. Using these screening data, an estimate of prevalence of SCD was made for school-age children in different geographical regions and social categories in Chhattisgarh. The numbers of SCD patients and carriers among school-age children in Chhattisgarh were estimated as 27,101 and 714,483, respectively. Furthermore, 79.64 per cent patients among school-age children, that is, 21,583 patients were estimated to reside in rural areas. The estimates may be of use in designing policies and developing strategies with better coordination and outreach for care of SCD patients. It is call of the time to develop dedicated infrastructure having medical, training, counselling and research facilities in a hierarchical manner comprising dedicated tertiary to primary care facilities in remote rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Mishra
- Research Division, Sickle Cell Institute Chhattisgarh, Forest Block-2, Devendra Nagar Crossing, Jail Road, Raipur, India
| | - A. Neralwar
- Research Division, Sickle Cell Institute Chhattisgarh, Forest Block-2, Devendra Nagar Crossing, Jail Road, Raipur, India
- Department of Microbiology, Pt. J.N.M. Medical College, Raipur, India
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Mishra H, Karmakar S, Kumar R, Kadambala P. A long-term comparative assessment of human health risk to leachate-contaminated groundwater from heavy metal with different liner systems. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:2911-2923. [PMID: 29147980 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The handling and management of municipal solid waste (MSW) are major challenges for solid waste management in developing countries. Open dumping is still the most common waste disposal method in India. However, landfilling also causes various environmental, social, and human health impacts. The generation of heavily polluted leachate is a major concern to public health. Engineered barrier systems (EBSs) are commonly used to restrict potentially harmful wastes by preventing the leachate percolation to groundwater and overflow to surface water bodies. The EBSs are made of natural (e.g., soil, clay) and/or synthetic materials such as polymeric materials (e.g., geomembranes, geosynthetic clay liners) by arranging them in layers. Various studies have estimated the human health risk from leachate-contaminated groundwater. However, no studies have been reported to compare the human health risks, particularly due to the leachate contamination with different liner systems. The present study endeavors to quantify the human health risk to contamination from MSW landfill leachate using multiple simulations for various EBSs. To quantify the variation in health risks to groundwater consumption to the child and adult populations, the Turbhe landfill of Navi Mumbai in India has been selected. The leachate and groundwater samples were collected continuously throughout January-September in 2015 from the landfill site, and heavy metal concentrations were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma system. The LandSim 2.5 Model, a landfill simulator, was used to simulate the landfill activities for various time slices, and non-carcinogenic human health risk was determined for selected heavy metals. Further, the uncertainties associated with multiple input parameters in the health risk model were quantified under a Monte Carlo simulation framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Mishra
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Subhankar Karmakar
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400 076, India.
- Centre for Urban Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400 076, India.
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Mumbai, 400018, India
| | - Praneeth Kadambala
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
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Mishra H, Karmakar S, Kumar R, Singh J. A Framework for Assessing Uncertainty Associated with Human Health Risks from MSW Landfill Leachate Contamination. Risk Anal 2017; 37:1237-1255. [PMID: 27664078 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Landfilling is a cost-effective method, which makes it a widely used practice around the world, especially in developing countries. However, because of the improper management of landfills, high leachate leakage can have adverse impacts on soils, plants, groundwater, aquatic organisms, and, subsequently, human health. A comprehensive survey of the literature finds that the probabilistic quantification of uncertainty based on estimations of the human health risks due to landfill leachate contamination has rarely been reported. Hence, in the present study, the uncertainty about the human health risks from municipal solid waste landfill leachate contamination to children and adults was quantified to investigate its long-term risks by using a Monte Carlo simulation framework for selected heavy metals. The Turbhe sanitary landfill of Navi Mumbai, India, which was commissioned in the recent past, was selected to understand the fate and transport of heavy metals in leachate. A large residential area is located near the site, which makes the risk assessment problem both crucial and challenging. In this article, an integral approach in the form of a framework has been proposed to quantify the uncertainty that is intrinsic to human health risk estimation. A set of nonparametric cubic splines was fitted to identify the nonlinear seasonal trend in leachate quality parameters. LandSim 2.5, a landfill simulator, was used to simulate the landfill activities for various time slices, and further uncertainty in noncarcinogenic human health risk was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation followed by univariate and multivariate sensitivity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Mishra
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Subhankar Karmakar
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- Centre for Urban Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Jitendra Singh
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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Mishra H, Rathod M, Karmakar S, Kumar R. A framework for assessment and characterisation of municipal solid waste landfill leachate: an application to the Turbhe landfill, Navi Mumbai, India. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:357. [PMID: 27194233 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrialisation, growing population and changing lifestyles are the root causes for the generation of huge amounts of solid waste in developing countries. In India, disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) through open dumping is the most common waste disposal method. Unfortunately, leachate generation from landfill is high due to the prolonged and prominent monsoon season in India. As leachate generation rate is high in most of the tropical countries, long-term and extensive monitoring efforts are expected to evaluate actual environmental pollution potential due to leachate contamination. However, the leachate characterisation involves a comprehensive process, which has numerous shortcomings and uncertainties possibly due to the complex nature of landfilling process, heterogeneous waste characteristics, widely varying hydrologic conditions and selection of analytes. In order to develop a sustainable MSW management strategy for protecting the surface and ground water resources, particularly from MSW landfill leachate contamination, assessment and characterisation of leachate are necessary. Numerous studies have been conducted in the past to characterise leachate quality from various municipal landfills; unfortunately, none of these propose a framework or protocol. The present study proposes a generic framework for municipal landfill leachate assessment and characterisation. The proposed framework can be applied to design any type of landfill leachate quality monitoring programme and also to facilitate improved leachate treatment activities. A landfill site located at Turbhe, Navi Mumbai, India, which had not been investigated earlier, has been selected as a case study. The proposed framework has been demonstrated on the Turbhe landfill site which is a comparatively new and the only sanitary landfill in Navi Mumbai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Mishra
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Merwan Rathod
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Subhankar Karmakar
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- Centre for Urban Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI, Mumbai, 400018, India
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Mishra H, Polak S, Jamei M, Rostami-Hodjegan A. Interaction Between Domperidone and Ketoconazole: Toward Prediction of Consequent QTc Prolongation Using Purely In Vitro Information. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2014; 3:e130. [PMID: 25116274 PMCID: PMC4150924 DOI: 10.1038/psp.2014.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the application of combined mechanistic pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) modeling and simulation in predicting the domperidone (DOM) triggered pseudo-electrocardiogram modification in the presence of a CYP3A inhibitor, ketoconazole (KETO), using in vitro-in vivo extrapolation. In vitro metabolic and inhibitory data were incorporated into physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models within Simcyp to simulate time course of plasma DOM and KETO concentrations when administered alone or in combination with KETO (DOM+KETO). Simulated DOM concentrations in plasma were used to predict changes in gender-specific QTcF (Fridericia correction) intervals within the Cardiac Safety Simulator platform taking into consideration DOM, KETO, and DOM+KETO triggered inhibition of multiple ionic currents in population. Combination of in vitro-in vivo extrapolation, PBPK, and systems pharmacology of electric currents in the heart was able to predict the direction and magnitude of PK and PD changes under coadministration of the two drugs although some disparities were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mishra
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Blades Enterprise Centre, Sheffield, UK
| | - S Polak
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Blades Enterprise Centre, Sheffield, UK
- Unit of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Jamei
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Blades Enterprise Centre, Sheffield, UK
| | - A Rostami-Hodjegan
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Blades Enterprise Centre, Sheffield, UK
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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15
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Mishra H, Pradeep R, Rao GV, Anuradha S, Nageshwar Reddy D. Isolated tuberculosis of the spleen: A case report and review of literature. Indian J Surg 2014; 75:235-6. [PMID: 24426436 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-012-0511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated involvement of spleen in tuberculosis is a rare entity, particularly among immunocompetent hosts. Herein, we present a 28-year-old man with left abdominal discomfort for 2 years who was found to have a cystic lesion in spleen on evaluation. Eventually, he was diagnosed to have isolated splenic tuberculosis with an involvement of a single lymph node at the splenic hilum. In this rare form of tuberculosis, it seems that splenectomy in addition to standard antitubercular therapy is curative.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mishra
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, 6-3-661, Somajiguda, Hyderabad, 500082 India
| | - R Pradeep
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, 6-3-661, Somajiguda, Hyderabad, 500082 India
| | - G V Rao
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, 6-3-661, Somajiguda, Hyderabad, 500082 India
| | - S Anuradha
- Department of Pathology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, 6-3-661, Somajiguda, Hyderabad, 500082 India
| | - D Nageshwar Reddy
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, 6-3-661, Somajiguda, Hyderabad, 500082 India
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Singh VP, Rai SB, Mishra H, Rath C. Stabilization of high temperature hexagonal phase of SrAl2O4 at room temperature: role of ZnO. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:5309-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52869c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Singh AK, Singh SK, Mishra H, Prakash R, Rai SB. Structural, Thermal, and Fluorescence Properties of Eu(DBM)3Phenx Complex Doped in PMMA. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:13042-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1050063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Singh
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India, Laser and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India, and Department of Physics, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - S. K. Singh
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India, Laser and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India, and Department of Physics, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - H. Mishra
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India, Laser and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India, and Department of Physics, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - R. Prakash
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India, Laser and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India, and Department of Physics, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - S. B. Rai
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India, Laser and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India, and Department of Physics, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Sharma SK, Sinha S, Danishad KA, Sharma U, Sharma H, Mishra HK, Mishra H, Kadhiravan T, Reddy VV, Sreenivas V, Jagannathan NR. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of brain in obstructive sleep apnoea in north Indian Asian subjects. Indian J Med Res 2010; 132:278-286. [PMID: 20847374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Repeated apnoeic/hypoapnoeic episodes during sleep may produce cerebral damage in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The aim of this study was to determine the absolute concentration of cerebral metabolites in apnoeic and non-apnoeic subjects from different regions of the brain to monitor the regional variation of cerebral metabolites. METHODS Absolute concentration of cerebral metabolites was determined by using early morning proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) in 18 apnoeic patients with OSA (apnoeics) having apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) >5/h, while 32 were non-apnoeic subjects with AHI< 5/h. RESULTS The absolute concentration of tNAA [(N-acetylaspartate (NAA)+N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG)] was observed to be statistically significantly lower (P<0.05) in apnoeics in the left temporal and left frontal gray regions compared to non-apnoeics. The Glx (glutamine, Gln + glutamate, Glu) resonance showed higher concentration (but not statistically significant) in the left temporal and left frontal regions of the brain in apnoeics compared to non-apnoeics. The absolute concentration of myo-inositol (mI) was significantly high (P<0.03) in apnoeics in the occipital region compared to non-apnoeics. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Reduction in the absolute concentration of tNAA in apnoeics is suggestive of neuronal damage, probably caused by repeated apnoeic episodes in these patients. NAA showed negative correlation with AHI in the left frontal region, while Cho and mI were positively correlated in the occipital region and Glx showed positive correlation in the left temporal region of the brain. Overall, our results demonstrate that the variation in metabolites concentrations is not uniform across various regions of the brain studied in patients with OSA. Further studies with a large cohort of patients to substantiate these observations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra K Sharma
- Departments of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Breast hamartoma is a rare tumor that has been reported only thrice in a male breast. The pediatric age group is seldom involved. We present a case of breast hamartoma in a 13-year-old boy, which interestingly, extended through but without definite involvement of the chest wall into the thoracic cavity. In view of occasional recurrence and documented malignancy in hamartomas, tumor was excised along with two ribs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Singh Gupta
- Department of Surgery, MGM Medical College & MY Hospital, Indore - 452 001, India
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Abstract
Effect of diffusion on excitation energy transfer and migration in a dye pair sodium fluorescein (donor) and Rhodamine-6G (acceptor) has been studied for different viscosities by both steady state and time domain fluorescence spectroscopic measurements. The donor-donor interaction appears to be weaker as compared to donor-acceptor interaction and thus favors direct Forster-type energy transfer. Interestingly, at low viscosity (water in this case) transfer appears to be controlled by material diffusion/energy migration. Further, acceptor dynamics reveals the fact that direct Forster transfer dominates in viscous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Misra
- Photophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kumaon University, Nainital 263 001, India
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Mishra H, Maheshwary S, Tripathi HB, Sathyamurthy N. An experimental and theoretical investigation of the photophysics of 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid. J Phys Chem A 2007; 109:2746-54. [PMID: 16833586 DOI: 10.1021/jp0461091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photophysical and photochemical properties of 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (1,2-HNA) have been investigated experimentally by steady state and time domain fluorescence measurements and theoretically by Hartree-Fock (HF), configuration interaction at the single excitation (CIS) level, density functional theoretic (DFT), and semiempirical (AM1) methods. 1,2-HNA exhibits normal fluorescence that depends on its concentration, nature of the solvent, pH, temperature, and wavelength of excitation. It seems to form different emitting species in different media, akin to 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (3,2-HNA). The large Stokes shifted emission observed at pH 13 is attributed to species undergoing excited-state intramolecular proton transfer. Nonradiative transition seems to increase on protonation and decrease on deprotonation. AM1(PECI=8) calculations predict the absorption maximum (lambda(max) = 335.9 nm) in reasonable agreement with experiment (lambda(max) = 352 nm) for the neutral 1,2-HNA. They also predict a red shift in absorption on protonation and a blue shift on deprotonation as observed experimentally. CIS calculations tend to overestimate the energy gap and hence underestimate the absorption maxima between the ground and the excited electronic states of 1,2-HNA and its protonated and deprotonated forms. However, they do predict correctly that the excited state intramolecular proton transfer is likely to occur in the deprotonated form of 1,2-HNA and not in the neutral and the protonated forms. A single minimum is found in the potential energy profile for the ground state as well as the first excited state of 1,2-HNA and its protonated species. In contrast, a double minimum with a nominal barrier in between is predicted for the ground state and also the first three excited states of the deprotonated species. The keto form of the deprotonated species is found to be slightly less stable than the enol form in all the states investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mishra
- Photophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kumaun University, Nainital 263 001, India.
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23
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Mishra H, Misra V, Mehata MS, Pant TC, Tripathi HB. Fluorescence Studies of Salicylic Acid Doped Poly(vinyl alcohol) Film as a Water/Humidity Sensor. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0309365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Mishra
- Photophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kumaun University, Nainital-263001, India
| | - V. Misra
- Photophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kumaun University, Nainital-263001, India
| | - M. S. Mehata
- Photophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kumaun University, Nainital-263001, India
| | - T. C. Pant
- Photophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kumaun University, Nainital-263001, India
| | - H. B. Tripathi
- Photophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kumaun University, Nainital-263001, India
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Muri E, Mishra H, Stein S, Williamson J. Molecular Modeling, Synthesis And Biological Evaluation of Heterocyclic Hydroxamic Acids Designed as Helicobacter Pylori Urease Inhibitors. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2004. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180043485680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Various personal, familial, and socio-cultural factors play a crucial role in the development of sexuality and sexual practices. They often influence the occurrence and maintenance of sexual dysfunctions. Therapies with individuals with sexual dysfunctions often emphasize the involvement of both the partners. Issues related to single males, especially in the Indian context, have not been explored. The present study is a retrospective analysis of clinical case records of single males who reported sexual dysfunctions between the years 1990 to 2000. Thirty-eight clinical case records were analyzed for the demographic details, nature of the problems, and interventions provided with the aim of exploring the reported symptomatology, precipitating and maintaining factors, prevalent beliefs about the causation of sexual dysfunction, and the outcome of interventions. The role of cultural and psychosocial issues is discussed and the need for research in this area is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manjula
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
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Joshi H, Upadhyay A, Mishra H, Tripathi H, Pant D. Edge excitation red shift and micro environmental effects on the photophysics of quinine bisulphate dication. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(99)00029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Andrade AC, Kumaraiah V, Mishra H, Chatterji S, Andrade C. Behavior therapy for transsexualism. Indian J Psychiatry 1995; 37:148-50. [PMID: 21743738 PMCID: PMC2971501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transsexualism is a rare disorder, and there is little literature available on its treatment. A case is presented of transsexualism with homosexual orientation in a 24 year old male. Since the disorder appeared to have behavioral antecedents, it was treated with a behavior therapy package comprising relaxation, aversion therapy with aversion relief, modelling, hypnosis, orgasmic reconditioning, behavioral counselling and sex education. Therapy resulted in normalization of gender identity, but the homosexual orientation persisted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Andrade
- A. Chitra Andrade, MPhil, PhD, Lecturer in Psychology, Mount Carmel College, Bangalore
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Amruthraj B, Mishra H, Kumaraiah V. Autogenic therapy in tension headache. Indian J Psychiatry 1987; 29:239-42. [PMID: 21927245 PMCID: PMC3172480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten subjects diagnosed as Psychalgia were taken for study. A multiple baseline design was adapted and clients were subjected to 30 sessions of autogenic training. They were assessed using physiological (EMG and thermal change) and behavioural measures (Visual analogue scale and behavioural symptom checklist). Findings revealed autogenic therapy to be effective in reducing tension headache.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Amruthraj
- Ph.D. Student, Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore - 560029
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Mishra H, Gupta B, Saxena KK, Kulshreshtha VK, Prasad DN. Glibenclamide hypoglycaemia: effect of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1983; 27:68-70. [PMID: 6133834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Das JP, Padhee B, Mishra H, Basit MA, Nayak CR, Swain U. Nonspecific aortoarteritis. Indian Heart J 1982; 34:391-5. [PMID: 6151546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Das JP, Basit MA, Nayak CR, Mishra H, Swain UK. Right atrial myxoma. J Assoc Physicians India 1982; 30:472-5. [PMID: 7169477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Das JP, Mishra R, Nayak CR, Mishra H, Basit MA. Endomyocardial biopsy in diabetes mellitus. Indian Heart J 1982; 34:3-7. [PMID: 7084982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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