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Petersen E, Schulte L, O'Connor H, Reuter A, Mohs J, Travers H. Myocarditis in Minnehaha County, South Dakota, 1880-1939. S D Med 2023; 76:455-462. [PMID: 38232486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
From 1920 to 1940 in Minnehaha County there was an apparent striking increase in the incidence of fatal myocarditis and chronic myocarditis. Based on an analysis of the interment records of the Mt. Pleasant Cemetery, word frequency studies in two prominent American medical journals and a general review of related medical publications, we explore this increase. We conclude that there was no actual increase in the frequency of inflammatory disorders of the myocardium in Minnehaha County during this period. Rather, it appears that the use of the diagnostic terms was a matter of choice among local physicians that was not supported by contemporaneous clinical and pathophysiologic publications in available journals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrew Reuter
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine
| | - Joshua Mohs
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine
| | - Henry Travers
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine
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2
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Schulte L, Petersen E, O'Connor H, Mohs J, Reuter A, Travers H. Fatal Accidental Drowning in Minnehaha County, South Dakota, 1880-1939. S D Med 2023; 76:465-474. [PMID: 38232487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Drowning is currently the second leading cause of injury-related death for children 1-4 years of age in the United States and is the leading cause of death worldwide for boys ages 5-14 years. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies it as a public health threat and advocates for reducing drowning deaths by understanding geographical, cultural, and societal risk factors. To these three we added a fourth: historical studies. To that end, we analyzed accidental causes of death between January 1, 1880, and December 31, 1939, in Minnehaha County, South Dakota, based on interment records from the Mt. Pleasant Cemetery. From these six decades (1880-1939) of data, we classified 217 cases as accidental deaths. Drowning was the leading cause of accidental mortality, accounting for 50 accidental deaths (23%). Drowning deaths were analyzed by the decedents' age and date of death. We discuss specific historical drowning risk factors and hypothesize how they may have affected drowning deaths from 1880-1939 in Minnehaha County.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joshua Mohs
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine
| | - Andrew Reuter
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine
| | - Henry Travers
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine
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Nerland A, Bhagia A, Travers H. The Human Embryo: A Brief Biological and Philosophical Biography. S D Med 2023; 76:272-281. [PMID: 37732916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amrita Bhagia
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine
| | - Henry Travers
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine
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4
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Travers H. Talking the Walk: Our Obligation to Speak Out. S D Med 2023; 76:182-184. [PMID: 37566676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Travers
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
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5
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Bhagia A, Travers H. Point-Counterpoint: Dobbs Decision: Point: The State of Abortion Care in South Dakota: Past, Present, and Future. S D Med 2022; 75:536-538. [PMID: 36893344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Bhagia
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Henry Travers
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
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Gwilym BL, Pallmann P, Waldron CA, Thomas-Jones E, Milosevic S, Brookes-Howell L, Harris D, Massey I, Burton J, Stewart P, Samuel K, Jones S, Cox D, Clothier A, Edwards A, Twine CP, Bosanquet DC, Benson R, Birmpili P, Blair R, Bosanquet DC, Dattani N, Dovell G, Forsythe R, Gwilym BL, Hitchman L, Machin M, Nandhra S, Onida S, Preece R, Saratzis A, Shalhoub J, Singh A, Forget P, Gannon M, Celnik A, Duguid M, Campbell A, Duncan K, Renwick B, Moore J, Maresch M, Kamal D, Kabis M, Hatem M, Juszczak M, Dattani N, Travers H, Shalan A, Elsabbagh M, Rocha-Neves J, Pereira-Neves A, Teixeira J, Lyons O, Lim E, Hamdulay K, Makar R, Zaki S, Francis CT, Azer A, Ghatwary-Tantawy T, Elsayed K, Mittapalli D, Melvin R, Barakat H, Taylor J, Veal S, Hamid HKS, Baili E, Kastrisios G, Maltezos C, Maltezos K, Anastasiadou C, Pachi A, Skotsimara A, Saratzis A, Vijaynagar B, Lau S, Velineni R, Bright E, Montague-Johnstone E, Stewart K, King W, Karkos C, Mitka M, Papadimitriou C, Smith G, Chan E, Shalhoub J, Machin M, Agbeko AE, Amoako J, Vijay A, Roditis K, Papaioannou V, Antoniou A, Tsiantoula P, Bessias N, Papas T, Dovell G, Goodchild F, Nandhra S, Rammell J, Dawkins C, Lapolla P, Sapienza P, Brachini G, Mingoli A, Hussey K, Meldrum A, Dearie L, Nair M, Duncan A, Webb B, Klimach S, Hardy T, Guest F, Hopkins L, Contractor U, Clothier A, McBride O, Hallatt M, Forsythe R, Pang D, Tan LE, Altaf N, Wong J, Thurston B, Ash O, Popplewell M, Grewal A, Jones S, Wardle B, Twine C, Ambler G, Condie N, Lam K, Heigberg-Gibbons F, Saha P, Hayes T, Patel S, Black S, Musajee M, Choudhry A, Hammond E, Costanza M, Shaw P, Feghali A, Chawla A, Surowiec S, Encalada RZ, Benson R, Cadwallader C, Clayton P, Van Herzeele I, Geenens M, Vermeir L, Moreels N, Geers S, Jawien A, Arentewicz T, Kontopodis N, Lioudaki S, Tavlas E, Nyktari V, Oberhuber A, Ibrahim A, Neu J, Nierhoff T, Moulakakis K, Kakkos S, Nikolakopoulos K, Papadoulas S, D'Oria M, Lepidi S, Lowry D, Ooi S, Patterson B, Williams S, Elrefaey GH, Gaba KA, Williams GF, Rodriguez DU, Khashram M, Gormley S, Hart O, Suthers E, French S. Short-term risk prediction after major lower limb amputation: PERCEIVE study. Br J Surg 2022; 109:1300-1311. [PMID: 36065602 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accuracy with which healthcare professionals (HCPs) and risk prediction tools predict outcomes after major lower limb amputation (MLLA) is uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of predicting short-term (30 days after MLLA) mortality, morbidity, and revisional surgery. METHODS The PERCEIVE (PrEdiction of Risk and Communication of outcomE following major lower limb amputation: a collaboratIVE) study was launched on 1 October 2020. It was an international multicentre study, including adults undergoing MLLA for complications of peripheral arterial disease and/or diabetes. Preoperative predictions of 30-day mortality, morbidity, and MLLA revision by surgeons and anaesthetists were recorded. Probabilities from relevant risk prediction tools were calculated. Evaluation of accuracy included measures of discrimination, calibration, and overall performance. RESULTS Some 537 patients were included. HCPs had acceptable discrimination in predicting mortality (931 predictions; C-statistic 0.758) and MLLA revision (565 predictions; C-statistic 0.756), but were poor at predicting morbidity (980 predictions; C-statistic 0.616). They overpredicted the risk of all outcomes. All except three risk prediction tools had worse discrimination than HCPs for predicting mortality (C-statistics 0.789, 0.774, and 0.773); two of these significantly overestimated the risk compared with HCPs. SORT version 2 (the only tool incorporating HCP predictions) demonstrated better calibration and overall performance (Brier score 0.082) than HCPs. Tools predicting morbidity and MLLA revision had poor discrimination (C-statistics 0.520 and 0.679). CONCLUSION Clinicians predicted mortality and MLLA revision well, but predicted morbidity poorly. They overestimated the risk of mortality, morbidity, and MLLA revision. Most short-term risk prediction tools had poorer discrimination or calibration than HCPs. The best method of predicting mortality was a statistical tool that incorporated HCP estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenig L Gwilym
- South East Wales Vascular Network, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Debbie Harris
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ian Massey
- Artificial Limb and Appliance Centre, Rookwood Hospital, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jo Burton
- Artificial Limb and Appliance Centre, Rookwood Hospital, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Phillippa Stewart
- Artificial Limb and Appliance Centre, Rookwood Hospital, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Katie Samuel
- Department of Anaesthesia, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Sian Jones
- c/o INVOLVE Health and Care Research Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - David Cox
- c/o INVOLVE Health and Care Research Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Annie Clothier
- South East Wales Vascular Network, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, UK
| | - Adrian Edwards
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Christopher P Twine
- Bristol, Bath and Weston Vascular Network, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - David C Bosanquet
- South East Wales Vascular Network, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, UK
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Bhagia A, Nerland A, van Kalsbeek M, Travers H. Abortion and The Hippocratic Oath: Historical Aspects. S D Med 2022; 75:410-412. [PMID: 36881826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Bhagia
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Andrew Nerland
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | | | - Henry Travers
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
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Dawson J, Travers H, Wall M. 440 Training in Microbiological Sampling for Toe Amputations in Diabetic Foot Disease: A Survey of UK Vascular Trainees. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
To determine usual practice and extent of training received by United Kingdom (UK) vascular surgery trainees in microbiological sampling for toe amputations in diabetic patients.
Method
A prospective online survey was distributed via social media networks and trainee organisations. All vascular surgery trainees in the UK were invited to participate. A total of 29 responses were included in the analysis.
Results
86% of respondents have been trained in toe amputations during registrar training. 66% have not been taught which samples to send for microbiological analysis. 10% receive regular training reviews in toe amputations. There is significant variability in the types of samples sent by trainees for microbiological analysis and the majority of trainees did not know how their samples are processed in the laboratory.
Conclusions
Toe amputations appear to be a neglected aspect of training for UK vascular surgery registrars. Lack of consistency in microbiological sampling techniques may prevent optimum antimicrobial stewardship and therefore increase the risk of further complications including major amputation. Inclusion of diabetic foot sepsis as a critical condition in the new vascular surgery curriculum may help to address this issue. A national consensus needs to be reached on how microbiological samples should be taken and processed in order for trainees to be taught in a consistent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dawson
- Black Country Vascular Network, Russell's Hall Hospital, Dudley, United Kingdom
| | - H Travers
- Black Country Vascular Network, Russell's Hall Hospital, Dudley, United Kingdom
| | - M Wall
- Black Country Vascular Network, Russell's Hall Hospital, Dudley, United Kingdom
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9
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Travers H. Letter to the Editor. S D Med 2021; 74:406-407. [PMID: 34461678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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10
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Travers H. The First Preparatory Schooling. S D Med 2021; 74:136-137. [PMID: 34232595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Travers
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
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11
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Riggs RA, Langston JD, Beauchamp E, Travers H, Ken S, Margules C. Examining Trajectories of Change for Prosperous Forest Landscapes in Cambodia. Environ Manage 2020; 66:72-90. [PMID: 32333037 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-020-01290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forest landscapes are undergoing rapid transition. Rural development aspirations are rising, and land use change is contributing to deforestation, degradation, and biodiversity loss, which threaten the future of tropical forests. Conservation initiatives must deal with complex social, political, and ecological decisions involving trade-offs between the extent of protected areas and quality of conservation. In Cambodia, smallholders and industrial economic land concessions drive deforestation and forest degradation. Rural economic benefits have not kept pace with development aspirations and smallholders are gradually expanding agriculture into protected forests. We examine the drivers and effects of rural forest landscape transitions in Cambodia to identify trade-offs between conservation and development. Using historical trends analysis and information gathered through key informant interviews, we describe how local communities perceive social and ecological changes, and examine the implications of local development aspirations for conservation. We explore three scenarios for the future of conservation in Cambodia, each with different conservation and community development outcomes. We contend that conservation efforts should focus on strengthening governance to meet social and environmental requirements for sustainable forest landscapes. We suggest potential entry points for governance improvements, including working with local decision-makers and fostering collaboration between stakeholders. There is a need for realistic priority setting in contested tropical forest landscapes. Prosperous rural economies are a necessary but not sufficient condition for conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Anne Riggs
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia.
- Tanah Air Beta, Batu Karu, Tabanan, Bali, 82152, Indonesia.
| | - James Douglas Langston
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia
- Tanah Air Beta, Batu Karu, Tabanan, Bali, 82152, Indonesia
- Faculty of Forestry, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Emilie Beauchamp
- International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), London, WC1X *NH, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Travers
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Sereyrotha Ken
- Wildlife Conservation Society Cambodia Program, #21, Street 21, Sangkat Tonle Bassac, PO Box 1620, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chris Margules
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia
- Institute for Sustainable Earth and Resources, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia, Kota Depok, Java Barat, 16424, Indonesia
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12
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Anagnostou M, Mwedde G, Roe D, Smith RJ, Travers H, Baker J. Ranger perceptions of the role of local communities in providing actionable information on wildlife crime. Conservat Sci and Prac 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dilys Roe
- International Institute for Environment and Development London UK
| | - Robert J. Smith
- School of Anthropology and Conservation University of Kent Canterbury UK
| | - Henry Travers
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science University of Oxford Oxford UK
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13
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Travers H, Archer LJ, Mwedde G, Roe D, Baker J, Plumptre AJ, Rwetsiba A, Milner-Gulland EJ. Understanding complex drivers of wildlife crime to design effective conservation interventions. Conserv Biol 2019; 33:1296-1306. [PMID: 30968970 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In conservation understanding the drivers of behavior and developing robust interventions to promote behavioral change is challenging and requires a multifaceted approach. This is particularly true for efforts to address illegal wildlife use, where pervasive-and sometimes simplistic-narratives often obscure complex realities. We used an indirect questioning approach, the unmatched count technique, to investigate the drivers and prevalence of wildlife crime in communities surrounding 2 national parks in Uganda and combined scenario interviews and a choice experiment to predict the performance of potential interventions designed to tackle these crimes. Although poverty is often assumed to be a key driver of wildlife crime, we found that better-off households and those subject to human-wildlife conflict and those that do not receive any benefits from the parks' tourism revenue sharing were more likely to be involved in certain types of wildlife crime, especially illegal hunting. The interventions predicted to have the greatest impact on reducing local participation in wildlife crime were those that directly addressed the drivers including, mitigating damage caused by wildlife and generating financial benefits for park-adjacent households. Our triangulated approach provided insights into complex and hard-to-access behaviors and highlighted the importance of going beyond single-driver narratives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Travers
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, U.K
| | - Lucy J Archer
- Formerly Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SL5 7PY, U.K
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, U.K
| | - Geoffrey Mwedde
- Wildlife Conservation Society Uganda Program, Plot 802 Kiwaffu Road, Kansanga, P.O. Box 7487, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Dilys Roe
- International Institute for Environment and Development, 80-86 Grays Inn Road, London, WC1X 8NH, U.K
| | - Julia Baker
- Balfour Beatty, Biodiversity Technical Services, 5 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HU, U.K
| | - Andrew J Plumptre
- Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY, 10460, U.S.A
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, Cambridge University, Pembroke Road, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, U.K
- Key Biodiversity Area Secretariat, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, U.K
| | - Aggrey Rwetsiba
- Uganda Wildlife Authority, Plot 7 Kira Road, Kamwokya, P.O. Box 3530, Kampala, Uganda
| | - E J Milner-Gulland
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, U.K
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14
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Travers H. Letter to the Editor. S D Med 2019; 72:341. [PMID: 31465636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Travers
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
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15
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Travers H, East M. Physicians and Reform: The State of The Art and The Challenge to Physicians. S D Med 2019; 72:150-162. [PMID: 31436928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Within the context of medical reformation outlined by Hoffman in a series of three papers in South Dakota Medicine and the challenge of legislation involving the independent practice of advanced practice nurses, we undertook two surveys of physicians and patients. We wanted to better understand physicians' attitudes toward certain opportunities for reform and how they conformed to the viewpoints of our patients. We found that, at least with respect to nurse practice legislation, physicians' perceptions were at odds with their patients over questions of access and quality. Moreover, we found attitudinal differences among physicians depending upon whether they were independent or affiliated with a health care system and whether they were primary care physicians or specialists. We concluded that physicians do not yet share the common understanding necessary to advocate for a principle of medical practice encompassing the core needs of patients and the spectrum of caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Travers
- Department of Pathology, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Mark East
- South Dakota State Medical Association
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16
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Redpath SM, Keane A, Andrén H, Baynham-Herd Z, Bunnefeld N, Duthie AB, Frank J, Garcia CA, Månsson J, Nilsson L, Pollard CRJ, Rakotonarivo OS, Salk CF, Travers H. Games as Tools to Address Conservation Conflicts. Trends Ecol Evol 2018; 33:415-426. [PMID: 29779605 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Conservation conflicts represent complex multilayered problems that are challenging to study. We explore the utility of theoretical, experimental, and constructivist approaches to games to help to understand and manage these challenges. We show how these approaches can help to develop theory, understand patterns in conflict, and highlight potentially effective management solutions. The choice of approach should be guided by the research question and by whether the focus is on testing hypotheses, predicting behaviour, or engaging stakeholders. Games provide an exciting opportunity to help to unravel the complexity in conflicts, while researchers need an awareness of the limitations and ethical constraints involved. Given the opportunities, this field will benefit from greater investment and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve M Redpath
- School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK; Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 730 91 Riddarhyttan, Sweden.
| | - Aidan Keane
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Henrik Andrén
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 730 91 Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | | | - Nils Bunnefeld
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4JE, UK
| | - A Bradley Duthie
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4JE, UK
| | - Jens Frank
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 730 91 Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - Claude A Garcia
- Centre International de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Research Unit Forest and Society, Montpellier, France; Department of Environmental System Sciences, Forest Management and Development Group (ForDev), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Johan Månsson
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 730 91 Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - Lovisa Nilsson
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 730 91 Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - Chris R J Pollard
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4JE, UK
| | - O Sarobidy Rakotonarivo
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4JE, UK
| | - Carl F Salk
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 52, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Henry Travers
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PA, UK
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Waligoske K, Travers H. Santayana's Axiom: The South Dakota State Medical Association and Medical Practice Legislation in 1929 and 2017. S D Med 2018; 71:406-414. [PMID: 30308120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In 1928 members of the South Dakota State Medical Association (SDSMA or the Association) held a special meeting in Huron to consider a basic science bill that conformed "…in its entirety to the conditions existing in our state." Their draft bill proposed a standardized examination for all practitioners of the healing arts. A legislative committee, with its attorney, "…was in Pierre during the early part of the 1929 legislative session to make sure the bill was properly launched and in effective channels." Shortly after its introduction, the bill was withdrawn due to opposition from one SDSMA district whose legislative representatives were among the most influential in the legislature. A similar bill promoted by the SDSMA in 1933 also failed. It would be another six years before a basic science bill was enacted by the legislature. Eighty-nine years later, a bill governing the practice of certified nurse practitioners (NP) and certified nurse midwives (NM), including a board independent of the South Dakota Board of Medical and Osteopathic Examiners, was considered (Senate Bill 61). Introduced by a senator who characterized herself as representing the "House of Nursing," the bill challenged "…the overarching role that medicine thinks and perceives that they may have regarding advanced practice nursing practice." SB 61 passed in the senate and house and was signed by the governor. For this legislation in the 1930s and in 2017, the SDSMA's interest was defining and maintaining control of medical practice under the twin rubrics of quality and patient welfare. In both circumstances, legislators and other health care professional organizations contested not only the SDSMA's motivations, but also the evidence supporting their efforts. Our research explored (1) whether the collective viewpoints and conduct of the legislature, the SDSMA, and non-physician medical professionals are comparable in the two circumstances; and (2) if the circumstances are comparable, can we derive a useful concept or theme that could help guide the SDSMA in the future?
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry Travers
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine
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Travers H. Primum Non Nocere: Origin of a Principle. S D Med 2018; 71:64-65. [PMID: 29990413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Travers
- Department of Pathology, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Salk
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Center; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Alnarp Sweden
| | - Henry Travers
- Department of Zoology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
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Travers H. The Healing Arts Through Poetry A Rush to Undertake a Fool's Errand. S D Med 2017; 70:68-73. [PMID: 28810089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Travers
- Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota
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Shaikh K, Travers H, Anuwatworn A, Potu K, Pownell B, Stys M, Stys A, Kumar A. A Case of Silent Q Fever Endocarditis. S D Med 2016; 69:550-551. [PMID: 28810106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Q fever endocarditis is a rare, culture negative endocarditis caused by Coxiella burnetii, a spore-forming gram negative coccobacillus. Presenting symptoms can be very non-specific; thus, diagnosis may be delayed. We present a case of a 65-year-old male patient with history of aortic aneurysm who complained of chronic fatigue. He was found to have aortic valve vegetation on routine echocardiography. Q fever endocarditis was diagnosed based on elevated Q fever serology; there was absence of fever. This case illustrated a rare, under-recognized and atypical manifestation of Q fever endocarditis. We would like to encourage physicians of rural states like South Dakota to remain vigilant when it comes to screening for the suspected cases of Q fever, specifically in cases of unexplained fatigue and valvulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Shaikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine
| | - Henry Travers
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine
| | - Amornpol Anuwatworn
- Division of Cardiology, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine
| | - Kalyan Potu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine
| | - Brandy Pownell
- Department of Pathology, University of Sanford School of Medicine
| | - Maria Stys
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine
- Sanford Heart Hospital, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Adam Stys
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine
- Sanford Heart Hospital, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Anoop Kumar
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine
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Travers H. Shit. S D Med 2016; 69:559-561. [PMID: 28810109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Travers
- Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota
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Travers H. Embracing a Deep Peace in My Soul: The Father of Autism and Treatment of the Insane in South Dakota. S D Med 2016; 69:499-509. [PMID: 28810114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Travers
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine
- South Dakota State Medical Association
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Cooney R, Roe D, Dublin H, Phelps J, Wilkie D, Keane A, Travers H, Skinner D, Challender DWS, Allan JR, Biggs D. From Poachers to Protectors: Engaging Local Communities in Solutions to Illegal Wildlife Trade. Conserv Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Cooney
- IUCN CEESP/SSC Sustainable Use and Livelihoods Specialist Group c/o IUCN Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland Switzerland
- Interdisciplinary Environmental Studies University of New South Wales Kensington NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Dilys Roe
- IUCN CEESP/SSC Sustainable Use and Livelihoods Specialist Group c/o IUCN Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland Switzerland
- International Institute for Environment and Development 80–86 Gray's Inn Rd London WC1X8NH UK
| | - Holly Dublin
- IUCN CEESP/SSC Sustainable Use and Livelihoods Specialist Group c/o IUCN Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland Switzerland
- IUCN SSC African Elephant Specialist Group c/o IUCN Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office P.O. Box 68200 Nairobi 00200 Kenya
| | - Jacob Phelps
- Lancaster Environment Center Lancaster University Library Ave. Lancaster LA1 4YQ UK
| | - David Wilkie
- Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 USA
| | - Aidan Keane
- School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh Crew Building, The King's Buildings, Alexander Crum Brown Road Edinburgh EH93FF Scotland
| | - Henry Travers
- IUCN CEESP/SSC Sustainable Use and Livelihoods Specialist Group c/o IUCN Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland Switzerland
- Department of Zoology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science University of Oxford Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3P UK
| | - Diane Skinner
- IUCN CEESP/SSC Sustainable Use and Livelihoods Specialist Group c/o IUCN Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland Switzerland
- IUCN SSC African Elephant Specialist Group c/o IUCN Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office P.O. Box 68200 Nairobi 00200 Kenya
| | - Daniel W. S. Challender
- IUCN CEESP/SSC Sustainable Use and Livelihoods Specialist Group c/o IUCN Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland Switzerland
- IUCN Global Species Programme The David Attenborough Building Pembroke Street Cambridge CB2 3QZ UK
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE) University of Kent Canterbury Kent CT2 7NR UK
| | - James R. Allan
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions Centre for Biodiversity & Conservation Science, University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Duan Biggs
- IUCN CEESP/SSC Sustainable Use and Livelihoods Specialist Group c/o IUCN Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland Switzerland
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions Centre for Biodiversity & Conservation Science, University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology Stellenbosch University Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 South Africa
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Travers H. Extenuating Circumstances: Vanished Like a Tale That is Told. S D Med 2015; 68:550-555. [PMID: 26793935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Travers H. Extenuating Circumstances: William Osler and Stonewall Jackson: The Rest of the Story. S D Med 2015; 68:320-321. [PMID: 26267935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Travers H. Extenuating Circumstances: The Winter's Tale: Dr. Brown and The Typhoid Epidemic of 1885. S D Med 2015; 68:265-271. [PMID: 26137728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Paulson N, Travers H. Analysis of blood donor motivations. S D Med 2015; 68:149-155. [PMID: 25946893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blood and blood products are essential medical treatments for all age groups. The primary source for blood products in the U.S. is volunteer donors. Thus, donor recruitment and donor retention are vital factors for a blood bank to maintain its supply. We proposed that developing a better understanding of donors' motivations to donate would improve a blood bank's ability to secure a more robust supply of blood. METHODS Individuals ages 18-36 were approached to participate in the study during their blood donation appointment by completing a questionnaire. SAS software was used to statistically analyze the responses. Univariate analysis was done using Fisher's exact test. A multivariate model was constructed controlling for age and marital status, including the variables that were significant in univariate analysis. RESULTS No individual motivating or inhibiting factor reached statistical significance. The odds ratio for subsequent donation for donors with 10-plus donations versus those with one to three donations was 4.296 (p-value 0.004). The odds ratio regarding donors' likelihood of returning to donate for those donating within three to six months versus 1-plus year was 4.806 (p-value < 0.001). No employer was found to discourage blood donations. CONCLUSIONS Although no individual factors were found to be statistically significant, the identification of optimal time intervals and total number of donations at which donors are more likely to return may allow for more strategic scheduling of blood drives, increasing the likelihood of a donor returning while also increasing the total number of donations for that individual.
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Travers H. Extenuating circumstances: William Osler and Stonewall Jackson: a footnote to history. S D Med 2014; 67:116-118. [PMID: 24669592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Tak PP, Mease PJ, Genovese MC, Kremer J, Haraoui B, Tanaka Y, Bingham CO, Ashrafzadeh A, Travers H, Safa-Leathers S, Kumar S, Dummer W. Safety and efficacy of ocrelizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to at least one tumor necrosis factor inhibitor: results of a forty-eight–week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase III trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:360-70. [PMID: 22389919 DOI: 10.1002/art.33353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ocrelizumab plus methotrexate (MTX) or leflunomide (LEF) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and an inadequate response to tumor necrosis factor α inhibitors. METHODS This was a multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study that continued over 48 weeks. Patients receiving stable doses of MTX or LEF were randomized to receive 2 infusions of placebo (n = 277), ocrelizumab 200 mg (n = 278), or ocrelizumab 500 mg (n = 285) on days 1 and 15 as well as at weeks 24 and 26. Coprimary end points were the proportion of patients with response according to the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria (ACR20) at weeks 24 and 48. Secondary end points included the change from baseline in the modified Sharp/van der Heijde score (SHS) and the ACR50/70 responses. RESULTS ACR20 responses were 22.0% in the placebo group, 42.2% in the ocrelizumab 200 mg group, and 47.9% in the ocrelizumab 500 mg group at 24 weeks and 19.5%, 48.7%, and 50.7%, respectively, at 48 weeks (P < 0.0001 versus placebo for each comparison at each time point). At 48 weeks, patients receiving both doses of ocrelizumab showed significantly improved ACR50 and ACR70 responses of ~3-fold versus placebo. Only those in the ocrelizumab 500 mg group showed statistically significant (P = 0.0017) inhibition of joint damage progression (mean change in the SHS) relative to placebo (61% inhibition) at 48 weeks. Overall adverse events and infections during the 48 weeks of study were comparable in all treatment groups. Serious infections were observed more frequently in patients taking ocrelizumab (5.1% and 4.3%) than in those taking placebo (2.5%). CONCLUSION Patients in both of the ocrelizumab groups met the clinical primary efficacy end points. Inhibition of change in the SHS was statistically significant at 48 weeks for those in the ocrelizumab 500 mg group. The rate of serious infections in this trial was higher for both ocrelizumab doses as compared with placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Tak
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Travers H, Mansfield S. A technique to maintain pneumoperitoneum and allow easy inspection of the abdomen after specimen delivery in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2012. [PMID: 22943239 PMCID: PMC3954385 DOI: 10.1308/003588412x13373405385214e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Travers
- Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Travers H, Mansfield S. A technique to maintain pneumoperitoneum and allow easy inspection of the abdomen after specimen delivery in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2012; 94:362. [DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2012.94.5.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Travers
- Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust,UK
| | - S Mansfield
- Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust,UK
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Rigby W, Tony HP, Oelke K, Combe B, Laster A, von Muhlen CA, Fisheleva E, Martin C, Travers H, Dummer W. Safety and efficacy of ocrelizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate: Results of a forty-eight-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase III trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:350-9. [DOI: 10.1002/art.33317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Young AB, Shoulson I, Penney J, Starosta-Rubinstein S, Gomez F, Travers H, Ramos-Arroyo M, Snodgrass S, Bonilla E, Moreno H, Wexler N. Huntington's disease in Venezuela: Neurologic features and functional decline. Neurology 2011. [DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000397841.29139.d7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Travers H, Anderson G, Gentle D, Jenkinson E, Girdlestone J. Protocols for high efficiency, stage-specific retroviral transduction of murine fetal thymocytes and thymic epithelial cells. J Immunol Methods 2001; 253:209-22. [PMID: 11384682 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(01)00391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Viral vectors have the potential to provide a fast and economic alternative to transgenic methods for manipulating gene expression in studies of immune system development and function. Although protocols exist for the infection of hematopoietic precursors and peripheral T cells in vitro, critical stages of T cell differentiation are strictly dependent upon a three-dimensional thymic architecture and their analysis poses unique technical challenges. Whole fetal thymic lobes have been used as targets for retroviral and adenoviral infection, both in situ and in vitro, but this approach does not allow for discrimination between lymphoid and stromal components. Isolated thymocytes have been infected by co-culture with viral producer cells, but under these conditions they rapidly lose their developmental potential. To overcome these problems we have combined a number of efficient techniques for retroviral production, concentration, and infection that allow us to rapidly achieve significant transduction rates of purified populations of double-negative (DN) and double-positive (DP) thymocytes, single-positive (SP) T lymphocytes, as well as fetal thymic MHC II(+) epithelial cells without the need for co-culture with viral producer cells. Reaggregate thymic organ culture (RTOC) techniques were used to assess the development and function of transduced cells in defined cellular environments. As a demonstration of the utility of these methods, CD80 (B7.1) was transduced into thymic epithelial cells and shown to allow them to mediate negative selection of DP thymocytes, and to act as antigen-presenting cells (APC) to mature T cells. The ability to genetically manipulate primary cells of a specified type and differentiation stage provides a powerful complement to RTOC techniques for the study of T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Travers
- Anatomy Department, Division of Immunity and Infection, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.
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Grizzle W, Grody WW, Noll WW, Sobel ME, Stass SA, Trainer T, Travers H, Weedn V, Woodruff K. Recommended policies for uses of human tissue in research, education, and quality control. Ad Hoc Committee on Stored Tissue, College of American Pathologists. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1999; 123:296-300. [PMID: 10320140 DOI: 10.5858/1999-123-0296-rpfuoh] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As recipients of tissue and medical specimens, pathologists and other medical specialists regard themselves as stewards of patient tissues and consider it their duty to protect the best interests of both the individual patient and the public. The stewardship of slides, blocks, and other materials includes providing, under appropriate circumstances, patient materials for research, education, and quality control. The decision to provide human tissue for such purposes should be based on the specific (ie, direct patient care) and general (ie, furthering medical knowledge) interests of the patient and of society. The same standards of responsibility should apply to all medical professionals who receive and use specimens. This document proposes specific recommendations whereby both interests can be fostered safely, ethically, and reasonably.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Grizzle
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Alabama Medical School, Birmingham, USA
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Abstract
Variant thymoma lines have been described which exhibit a substantially increased level of HLA class I induction by IFN-alpha, but not by IFN-gamma, and an unchanged response of other IFN-alpha-stimulated genes (Burrone et al., EMBO J. 1985. 4: 2855-2860). We report that their amplified response correlates with the nuclear translocation of Rel transcription factors upon prolonged treatment with IFN-alpha. The variant cells contain an IkappaBalpha subset with a significantly shortened half-life, and a constitutively active form of IkappaBalpha efficiently blocks HLA class I induction. Therefore, in addition to STAT-mediated induction, prolonged exposure to IFN-alpha can affect transcription involving Rel factors, which are implicated in the regulation of numerous immune response and viral genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Travers
- CCRIS, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, GB
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Travers H. Survey of the prevalence of HIV infection in an antenatal population in South Dakota. S D J Med 1998; 51:391-2; author reply 393. [PMID: 9803166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Travers H, French NS, Norton JD. Suppression of tumorigenicity in Ras-transformed fibroblasts by alpha 2(I) collagen. Cell Growth Differ 1996; 7:1353-60. [PMID: 8891339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Transformed fibroblasts exhibit reduced adhesion to substrata, a characteristic attributable in part to reduced expression/increased degradation of extracellular matrix (EM) proteins such as type I collagen. To directly assess the role of EM proteins in cellular transformation, a vKRas-transformed mouse fibroblast cell line was transfected with an alpha 2(I) collagen expression construct. Stable transfectants displaying a partial restoration of type I collagen expression showed a flatter morphology with increased adherence to the substratum. These clones also exhibited a reduced ability to clone in soft agar, slower growth kinetics, and suppression of tumorigenicity in nude mice. Restoration of type I collagen is correlated with down-regulation of ras oncogene-responsive NVL3 VL30 gene expression. These results suggest that in addition to suppressing tumorigenicity by promoting cellular adhesion and cytoskeletal organization, EM proteins such as type I collagen may also act to subvert oncoprotein signaling pathways associated with the malignant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Travers
- Cancer Research Campaign, Department of Gene Regulation, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital National Health Service Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Atherton GT, Travers H, Deed R, Norton JD. Regulation of cell differentiation in C2C12 myoblasts by the Id3 helix-loop-helix protein. Cell Growth Differ 1996; 7:1059-66. [PMID: 8853902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the biological functions of the helix-loop-helix Id3 protein, we have examined the effects of ectopic modulation of Id3 expression on in vitro induced differentiation of mouse C2C12 myoblast cells. Transient and stable C2C12 transfectants expressing either inducible or constitutive levels of exogenous Id3 were impaired in their ability to differentiate in response to removal of mitogenic serum growth factors. Stable Id3 transfectants displayed an enhanced proliferative capacity associated with a delay in exit from the cell cycle in response to differentiation induction. Antisense blockade of Id3 potentiated differentiation and exit from S phase of the cell cycle. These observations suggest that Id3 functions as a negative regulator of differentiation by integrating mitogenic growth factor signaling into the gene regulatory program maintaining cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Atherton
- CRC Department of Gene Regulation, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital National Health Service Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Love SM, Rabson AS, Anton-Culver H, Clayton EW, Miller DS, Ravdin PM, Travers H, Barr PA, Liu E, Pinn VW, Sukumar S. Correspondence re: Mills SE, Kempson RL, Fechner RE, et al.: Guardians of the wax ... and the patient. Mod Pathol 8:699, 1995. Mod Pathol 1996; 9:457. [PMID: 8729989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Northoff G, Krill W, Wenke J, Travers H, Pflug B. [The subjective experience in catatonia: systematic study of 24 catatonic patients]. Psychiatr Prax 1996; 23:69-73. [PMID: 8657812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Catatonic patients are often not able to communicate their subjective experiences behind their "fassade of immobility." Therefore was retrospectively (3 weeks later) investigated subjective experiences in 24 catatonic patients with a self-assessment-scale especially for catatonia developed by us. Our results showed that catatonic patients subjectively experience less their altered movements but rather cognitive, i.e. ambivalence, or affective, i.e. intense emotions which couldn't be controlled, alterations. According to our results we were able to distinguish an emotive (intense anxiety) from a non-emotive, i.e. cognitive (predominating ambivalence), subtype in catatonia with regard to subjective experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Northoff
- Universität Frankfurt, Abteilung für Klinische Psychiatrie II, Frankfurt am Main
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Affiliation(s)
- H Travers
- CRC Department of Gene Regulation, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester
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Heimler A, Benkendorf J, Gettig E, Reich E, Schmerler S, Travers H. American Board of Medical Genetics restructuring: make an informed decision. Am J Hum Genet 1992; 51:v-vii. [PMID: 1415247 PMCID: PMC1682844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Heimler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington
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Naeye R, Travers H. College of American Pathologists Conference XIX on the Examination of the Placenta: report of the Working Group on the Role of the Pathologist in Malpractice Litigation Involving the Placenta. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1991; 115:717-9. [PMID: 2064533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Naeye
- Department of Pathology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033
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Travers H, Schmidt WA. College of American Pathologists Conference XIX on the Examination of the Placenta: introduction. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1991; 115:660-1. [PMID: 2064522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Travers
- Surgical Pathology Committee, College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Ill
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Travers H. Quality assurance indicators in anatomic pathology. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1990; 114:1149-56. [PMID: 2241526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Quality assurance indicators in anatomic pathology focus on both technical and cognitive processes that result in a written report. The written report serves as both an intermediate outcome, which, in part, determines patient care outcomes, and a source of information for quality assurance studies. General requirements of a program include procedures that meet Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations requirements for data gathering, data analysis, action, and effectiveness evaluation; documentation; and personnel standards. Specific indicators in surgical pathology and cytopathology focus on timeliness of reports, diagnostic accuracy, relevance of information in reports to the care of the patient, and proficiency testing. Cytopathology requires some unique indicators because of its dual screening and diagnostic role, including detection of false-negative results and comparison of cytotechnologist and cytopathologist diagnoses. Quality assurance indicators for the autopsy include those for the autopsy pathology as a subdiscipline of pathology as well as those that integrate autopsy information into a program of clinical quality assurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Travers
- Department of Pathology, McKennan Hospital, Sioux Falls, SD
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Friedlander ER, Cuppage F, Francisco JT, Mistry F, Newland JR, Travers H. A guide to textbooks for introductory medical school pathology courses. Group for Research in Pathology Education. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1990; 114:18-23. [PMID: 2294865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E R Friedlander
- Department of Pathology, Truman Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64108
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Nitschke R, Smith EI, Shochat S, Altshuler G, Travers H, Shuster JJ, Hayes FA, Patterson R, McWilliams N. Localized neuroblastoma treated by surgery: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study. J Clin Oncol 1988; 6:1271-9. [PMID: 3411339 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1988.6.8.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A prospective study was designed to evaluate the outcome of patients with localized resectable neuroblastoma without regional lymph node involvement when no therapy beyond surgical resection was administered. One hundred one patients observed for 3 to 60 months had a 2-year disease-free survival of 89% (SE = 5%). Of the nine patients experiencing relapse, only three have died. There were no apparent distinguishing characteristics of the nine failures. Due to the favorable prognosis of the subset of neuroblastoma patients, prognostic factor analysis had very limited power and lacked clinical importance. Complete gross removal of the localized tumors is adequate therapy to ensure the survival of the majority of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nitschke
- Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
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