Corrigendum on: Pediatric COVID-19: Report from Indonesian pediatric society data registry

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.716898.].

Hubungan Karakteristik Demografi dengan Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Perilaku terhadap Pencegahan Covid-19 pada Pasien Rawat Jalan

Abstract Education is one of the factors that influence a person's knowledge, thereby increasing human attitudes and behavior for the better. Public knowledge about Covid-19 is very important so that prevention of Covid-19 can be done to reduce the number of incidents. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between education level and knowledge, attitudes and behavior of patients on the prevention of Covid-19. This study is a descriptive analytic study on patients aged 18-66 years in the outpatient installation of Merpati RSUP Dr. Kariadi in June 2020 using a validated questionnaire. The number of samples determined was 186. Sampling was carried out by consecutive sampling. Data analysis with Chi Square test. Significant results if p<0.05. There were 186 respondents, the lowest was 15 years and the highest was 66 years. It was found that the level of education was not related to knowledge (p=0.397) and attitude (p=0.148). There is a relationship between education level and behavior (p=0.003). There is a relationship between knowledge and behavior towards the prevention of transmission of Covid-19 with a value of p=0.025. Behavior is related to attitudes towards preventing the transmission of Covid-19 (p<0.001). Keywords: Covid-19 prevention, knowledge, attitude, behavior. Abstrak   Pendidikan merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi pengetahuan seseorang sehingga meningkatkan sikap dan perilaku manusia menjadi lebih baik. Pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai covid-19 merupakan hal yang sangat penting agar pencegahan Covid-19 dapat dilakukan untuk menurunkan angka kejadian.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan tingkat pendidikan denagn pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku pasien terhadap pencegahan covid-19. Penelitian ini bersifat diskriptif analitik yang dilakukan pada pasien usia 18 – 66 tahun di instalasi rawat jalan merpati RSUP Dr. Kariadi bulan juni 2020 dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang sudah divalidasi. Jumlah sampel yang ditentukan sebanyak 186. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara consecutive sampling. Analisis data dengan uji Chi Square. Batas kemaknaan p<0,05. Hasil penelitian di dapatkan 186 responden umur terendah 15 tahun dan tertinggi 66 tahun. Didapatkan tingkat pendidikan tidak berhubungan dengan pengetahuan (p=0,397) maupun sikap(p=0,148). Terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan dengan perilaku (p=0,003). Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan perilaku terhadap pencegahan penularan Covid–19 dengan nilai p=0,025. Perilaku berhubungan dengan sikap terhadap pencegahan penularan Covid–19 (p<0,001).    

Pediatric COVID-19: Report From Indonesian Pediatric Society Data Registry

Background: Indonesia has a high number of COVID-19 cases and mortalities relative to not only among the Asia Pacific region but the world. Children were thought to be less affected by the virus compared to adults. Most of the public data reported combined data between adults and children. The Indonesian Pediatric Society (IPS) was involved in the COVID-19 response, especially in the area of child health. One of IPS's activities is collecting data registries from each of their chapters to provide a better understanding of COVID-19 in children. Objective: The objective of this study was to share the data of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases in children from IPS's COVID-19 data registry. Method: This is a retrospective study from the IPS's COVID-19 registry data. We collected the data of COVID-19 in children during March to December 2020 from each of the IPS chapters. We analyzed the prevalence, case fatality rate (CFR), age groups, diagnosis, and comorbidities of the children diagnosed with COVID-19. Result: As of December 21, 2020, there were 35,506 suspected cases of children with COVID-19. In total, there were 522 deaths, with a case fatality ratio (CFR) of 1.4. There were 37,706 confirmed cases with 175 fatalities (CFR 0.46). The highest mortality in confirmed COVID-19 cases was from children ages 10-18 years (42 out of 159 cases: 26%). The most common comorbidity and diagnosis found were malignancy (17.3%) and respiratory failure (54.5%). Conclusion: The CFR of confirmed COVID-19 cases in children in Indonesia is high and should be a major public concern.

Asfiksia Neonatorum Sebagai Faktor Risiko Gagal Ginjal Akut

Latar belakang.Asfiksia merupakan salah satu penyebab mortalitas dan morbiditas bayi baru lahir yang dapat berakibat kerusakan organ. Sekitar 50% kerusakan organ terjadi pada ginjal yang berakibat gagal ginjal akut (GGA). Diagnosis dan pengenalan GGA merupakan hal penting agar fungsi ginjal tetap terjaga.Tujuan. Membuktikan asfiksia merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya GGA. Metode. Penelitian kohort prospektif dengan subyek sesuai kriteria inklusi bayi baru lahir dengan asfiksia di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang bulan Januari-Desember 2010. Sebagai kelompok terpapar adalah neonatus asfiksia berat dan neonatus asfiksia sedang sebagai kelompok tidak terpapar. Subyek dipilih secara consecutive sampling. Diagnosis GGA berdasarkan kadar ureum, kreatinin dan pengukuran diuresis pada hari keempat dan kelima perawatan. Analisis dengan uji Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Kolmogorov-Smirnovdan t tidak berpasangan.Hasil. Subjek 63 neonatus., kejadian GGA pada neonatus asfiksia sedang dan berat 39,7%, keseluruhan kasus GGA merupakan tipe oliguria. Neonatus dengan GGA pada hari keempat rerata kadar ureum 33,6 (±13,53) mg/dL, kreatinin 1,54 (±0,35) mg/dL dan diuresis 0,45 (±0,07) mL/kgBB/jam dibandingkan rerata pada hari kelima terdapat peningkatan kadar ureum 41,36 (±14) mg/dL, penurunan kadar kreatinin 1,39 (±0,3) mg/dL, dan rerata diuresis 0,45 (±0,06) mL/kgBB/jam (p<0,05). Insidens GGA terbanyak terjadi pada asfiksia berat 56,3% (p=0,006; RR 2,5; 95%CI 1,2-5,1). Obat nefrotoksik bukan faktor risiko terjadinya gagal ginjal akut (p=0,002; RR 5,08; 95%CI 0,77-33,66). Kesimpulan.Asfiksia berat merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya GGA

Hubungan Derajat Asidosis dengan Kadar Ureum dan Kreatinin Bayi Asfiksia

Latar belakang. Asfiksia neonatorum merupakan masalah kesehatan pada bayi baru lahir yang dapat menyebabkan asidosis. Selanjutnya asidosis metabolik menjadi salah satu penyebab gangguan metabolisme sel, ditandai dengan penurunan pH, pO2, base excess,dan peningkatan pCO2. Parameter tersebut dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui keadaan hipoksia pada bayi. Salah satu gangguan fungsi organ adalah penurunan fungsi ginjal yang ditandai dengan peningkatan ureum dan kreatinin.Tujuan. Membuktikan hubungan antara derajat asidosis metabolik pada bayi asfiksia dengan peningkatan kadar ureum dan kreatinin.Metode. Penelitian kohort prospektif pada bayi baru lahir dengan asfiksia di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang bulan Januari-Desember 2010. Derajat asidosis ditentukan berdasarkan kadar pH dan base excess(BE) ; pH 7,2-7,29 asidosis ringan, sedangkan pH <7,2 asidosis berat.Penilaian ureum dan kreatinin dilakukan pada hari keempat kehidupan. Terjadi peningkatan kadar ureum dan kreatinin apabila kadar ureum >20 mg/dL, kreatinin >1mg/dL.Data dianalisis dengan uji chi-square, tingkat kemaknaan secara statistik, apabila p≤0,05. Hasil. Subjek 63 neonatus, 32 menderita asidosis berat, dan 31 asidosis ringan. Neonatus dengan asidosis berat pada hari keempat rerata kadar ureum 26,69 (±11,8) mg/dL dibanding kelompok asidosis ringan 27,06 (±12,9) mg/dL, p=0,14. Kreatinin kelompok asidosis berat 1,09 (±0,5) mg/dL berbeda bermakna (p=0,03) dibandingkan kreatinin pada kelompok asidosis ringan 0,89 (±0,5) mg/dL. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara derajat asidosis dengan peningkatan kadar ureum (p=0,87) dan kreatinin (p=0,08) pada hari keempat kehidupan.Kesimpulan.Derajat asidosis tidak berhubungan dengan peningkatan kadar ureum dan kreatinin pada neonatus usia empat hari.

Renal imaging in children with chronic kidney disease

Background Chronic kidney failure is a cause of death inchildren. Diagnosing chronic kidney disease is often made byclinical manifestations, laboratory findings and ultrasonographyor other imaging tests. Early detection of chronic kidney diseaseis needed for education and management of the disease.Objective To describe renal imaging findings and mortality inchildren with chronic kidney disease .Methods This was a cross-sectional study on children with kidneydiseases who were inpatients at Dr. Kariadi Hospital from January2008 to June 2011. Data were taken from medical records. Chronickidney disease was confirmed by clinical manifestations, laboratoryfindings, and radiologic imaging. Renal ultrasound findings weredetermined by the radiologist responsible at that time. Resultswere presented as ft:equency distributions.Results Of 37 chronic kidney disease cases, 27 were males and 10were females. Subjects' most common complaints were dyspnea (7out of 3 7) and edema (30 out of 3 7) . Renal ultrasound imaging ofsubjects with chronic kidney disease yielded the following findings:reduced cortico-medullary differentiation (30 out of 3 7), bilateralechogenic kidneys (21 out of 3 7), reduced renal cortex thickness(4 out of 37) and small-sized kidneys (4 out of 37) . Eight of the37 children died. These 8 subjects had the following radiologicimaging findin gs: both kidneys appeared small in size (4 out ofS),reduced 'renal cortex' thickness (4 out of 8), echogenic kidneys(6 out of 8), and reduced cortico-medullary differentiation (8out of8).Conclusion Renal ultrasound imaging of pediatric subjects withchronic kidney disease revealed findings of reduced corticomedullarydifferentiation, bilateral echogenic kidneys, reducedrenal cortex thickness, and small kidneys bilaterally.