Corrigendum on: Pediatric COVID-19: Report from Indonesian pediatric society data registry

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.716898.].

Pediatric COVID-19: Report From Indonesian Pediatric Society Data Registry

Background: Indonesia has a high number of COVID-19 cases and mortalities relative to not only among the Asia Pacific region but the world. Children were thought to be less affected by the virus compared to adults. Most of the public data reported combined data between adults and children. The Indonesian Pediatric Society (IPS) was involved in the COVID-19 response, especially in the area of child health. One of IPS's activities is collecting data registries from each of their chapters to provide a better understanding of COVID-19 in children. Objective: The objective of this study was to share the data of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases in children from IPS's COVID-19 data registry. Method: This is a retrospective study from the IPS's COVID-19 registry data. We collected the data of COVID-19 in children during March to December 2020 from each of the IPS chapters. We analyzed the prevalence, case fatality rate (CFR), age groups, diagnosis, and comorbidities of the children diagnosed with COVID-19. Result: As of December 21, 2020, there were 35,506 suspected cases of children with COVID-19. In total, there were 522 deaths, with a case fatality ratio (CFR) of 1.4. There were 37,706 confirmed cases with 175 fatalities (CFR 0.46). The highest mortality in confirmed COVID-19 cases was from children ages 10-18 years (42 out of 159 cases: 26%). The most common comorbidity and diagnosis found were malignancy (17.3%) and respiratory failure (54.5%). Conclusion: The CFR of confirmed COVID-19 cases in children in Indonesia is high and should be a major public concern.

Masalah Kesehatan Remaja

Masalah Kesehatan Remaja di Indonesia telah dibahas dalam pertemuan pengkajiandan pemanfaatan temuan dari beberapa penelitian kesehatan remaja di Bandung 1996dari penelitian yang diselenggarakan di Lampung, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Malukudan Jawa Timur dapat diidentifikasikan masalah-masalah sebagai berikut. Masalahkesehatan umum yang ditemukan adalah, anemia dan kebugaran (physical fitness) yangrendah pada remaja Indonesia. Masalah sosial budaya dan sekolah yang ditemukan adalahsulit belajar, membolos, kenakalan remaja (“tawuran”), pergeseran nilai budaya.Sedangkan masalah gangguan emosional yang diidentifikasikan kurang percaya diri,stres di samping terdapat pula masalah penyalahgunaan obat dan merokok. Dalammasalah keluarga telah dicatat bahwa kurangnya fungsi peranan orangtua, konflik peran,perbedaan persepsi kasih saying dan kurangnya serta kesulitan komunikasi telahmenyebabkan disfungsi keluarga.

Three Indonesian clusters of H5N1 virus infection in 2005

BACKGROUND

Since 2003, the widespread ongoing epizootic of avian influenza A (H5N1) among poultry and birds has resulted in human H5N1 cases in 10 countries. The first case of H5N1 virus infection in Indonesia was identified in July 2005.

METHODS

We investigated three clusters of Indonesian cases with at least two ill persons hospitalized with laboratory evidence of H5N1 virus infection from June through October 2005. Epidemiologic, clinical, and virologic data on these patients were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS

Severe disease occurred among all three clusters, including deaths in two clusters. Mild illness in children was documented in two clusters. The median age of the eight patients was 8.5 years (range, 1 to 38). Four patients required mechanical ventilation, and four of the eight patients (50%) died. In each cluster, patients with H5N1 virus infection were members of the same family, and most lived in the same home. In two clusters, the source of H5N1 virus infection in the index patient was not determined. Virus isolates were available for one patient in each of two clusters, and molecular sequence analyses determined that the isolates were clade 2 H5N1 viruses of avian origin.

CONCLUSIONS

In 2005 in Indonesia, clusters of human infection with clade 2 H5N1 viruses included mild, severe, and fatal cases among family members.

Introducing Vi polysaccharide typhoid fever vaccine to primary school children in North Jakarta, Indonesia, via an existent school-based vaccination platform

OBJECTIVES

To report results on coverage, safety and logistics of a large-scale, school-based Vi polysaccharide immunization campaign in North Jakarta.

METHODS

Of 443 primary schools in North Jakarta, Indonesia, 18 public schools were randomly selected for this study. Exclusion criteria were fever 37.5 degrees C or higher at the time of vaccination or a known history of hypersensitivity to any vaccine. Adverse events were monitored and recorded for 1 month after immunization. Because this was a pilot programme, resource use was tracked in detail.

RESULTS

During the February 2004 vaccination campaign, 4828 students were immunized (91% of the target population); another 394 students (7%) were vaccinated during mop-up programmes. Informed consent was obtained for 98% of the target population. In all, 34 adverse events were reported, corresponding to seven events per 1000 doses injected; none was serious. The manufacturer recommended cold chain was maintained throughout the programme.

CONCLUSIONS

This demonstration project in two sub-districts of North Jakarta shows that a large-scale, school-based typhoid fever Vi polysaccharide vaccination campaign is logistically feasible, safe and minimally disruptive to regular school activities, when used in the context of an existing successful immunization platform. The project had high parental acceptance. Nonetheless, policy-relevant questions still need to be answered before implementing a widespread Vi polysaccharide vaccine programme in Indonesia.

Captopril treatment in rheumatic heart disease with congestive heart failure. A preliminary report

A small scale controlled trial of captopril (ACE inhibitor) was conducted in 8 children with congestive heart failure due to rheumatic mitral regurgitation with or without mild mitral stenosis. The age of the patient ranged from 5.5 to 13 years (mean 9.3 years). Four children, served as control group, received digitalis and diuretics as standard treatment; while the other 4 children also received 2 x 12.5 mg of captopril in addition to standard treatment. The effect of both regimens were measured by using changes of left ventricular function as seen on the echocardiogram performed before treatment, and then 3, 7 and 14 days thereafter. Definite conclusion cannot be made because of the small number of patients; but it is apparent that some improvements of left ventricular functions in the captopril group were more evident when compared with that of the control group of standard treatment. Side effects of captopril were not found.

Cross-sectional echocardiographic measurement of right atrial and right ventricular size in children with atrial septal defect before and after surgery

A total of 25 children operated on for atrial septal defect were studied by cross-sectional echocardiography before and after operation. Right atrial and right ventricular dimensions and areas were measured preoperatively and 1-4 years (median, 32 months) postoperatively. The length, width, and area of the right atrium (RA) and the right ventricle (RV) were measured in the apical and the subcostal four-chamber views. The dimension of the RV outflow tract (RVOT) was measured in the parasternal short-axis view. Preoperatively, all group mean values except the subcostal four-chamber length of the RV were significantly larger than normal. After surgery, there was a significant decrease in all of the parameters studied, except for RV length. The mean postoperative values of RA measurements in the apical four-chamber view and of RVOT were still significantly larger than normal. The RV four-chamber measurements except the apical four-chamber length were not significantly enlarged. The greatest decrease in RA and RV size occurred in the first postoperative year. Longer follow-up periods did not change the measurements significantly.