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Lehmann N, Stacke T, Lehmann S, Lantuit H, Gosse J, Mears C, Hartmann J, Thomas H. Alkalinity responses to climate warming destabilise the Earth's thermostat. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1648. [PMID: 36964126 PMCID: PMC10039064 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37165-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkalinity generation from rock weathering modulates Earth's climate at geological time scales. Although lithology is thought to dominantly control alkalinity generation globally, the role of other first-order controls appears elusive. Particularly challenging remains the discrimination of climatic and erosional influences. Based on global observations, here we uncover the role of erosion rate in governing riverine alkalinity, accompanied by areal proportion of carbonate, mean annual temperature, catchment area, and soil regolith thickness. We show that the weathering flux to the ocean will be significantly altered by climate warming as early as 2100, by up to 68% depending on the environmental conditions, constituting a sudden feedback of ocean CO2 sequestration to climate. Interestingly, warming under a low-emissions scenario will reduce terrestrial alkalinity flux from mid-latitudes (-1.6 t(bicarbonate) a-1 km-2) until the end of the century, resulting in a reduction in CO2 sequestration, but an increase (+0.5 t(bicarbonate) a-1 km-2) from mid-latitudes is likely under a high-emissions scenario, yielding an additional CO2 sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Lehmann
- Institute of Carbon Cycles, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany.
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany.
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Stacke
- Institute of Carbon Cycles, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Hugues Lantuit
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - John Gosse
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Chantal Mears
- Institute of Carbon Cycles, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Jens Hartmann
- Institute for Geology, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Helmuth Thomas
- Institute of Carbon Cycles, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany.
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
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2
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Jong D, Bröder L, Tanski G, Fritz M, Lantuit H, Tesi T, Haghipour N, Eglinton TI, Vonk JE. Nearshore Zone Dynamics Determine Pathway of Organic Carbon From Eroding Permafrost Coasts. Geophys Res Lett 2020; 47:e2020GL088561. [PMID: 32999517 PMCID: PMC7507779 DOI: 10.1029/2020gl088561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Collapse of permafrost coasts delivers large quantities of particulate organic carbon (POC) to Arctic coastal areas. With rapidly changing environmental conditions, sediment and organic carbon (OC) mobilization and transport pathways are also changing. Here, we assess the sources and sinks of POC in the highly dynamic nearshore zone of Herschel Island-Qikiqtaruk (Yukon, Canada). Our results show that POC concentrations sharply decrease, from 15.9 to 0.3 mg L-1, within the first 100-300 m offshore. Simultaneously, radiocarbon ages of POC drop from 16,400 to 3,600 14C years, indicating rapid settling of old permafrost POC to underlying sediments. This suggests that permafrost OC is, apart from a very narrow resuspension zone (<5 m water depth), predominantly deposited in nearshore sediments. While long-term storage of permafrost OC in marine sediments potentially limits biodegradation and its subsequent release as greenhouse gas, resuspension of fine-grained, OC-rich sediments in the nearshore zone potentially enhances OC turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Jong
- Department of Earth SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lisa Bröder
- Department of Earth SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Geological InstituteSwiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH)ZürichSwitzerland
| | - George Tanski
- Department of Earth SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchPotsdamGermany
| | - Michael Fritz
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchPotsdamGermany
| | - Hugues Lantuit
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchPotsdamGermany
- Institute for GeosciencesUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | | | - Negar Haghipour
- Geological InstituteSwiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH)ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Timothy I. Eglinton
- Geological InstituteSwiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH)ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Jorien E. Vonk
- Department of Earth SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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3
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Biskaborn BK, Smith SL, Noetzli J, Matthes H, Vieira G, Streletskiy DA, Schoeneich P, Romanovsky VE, Lewkowicz AG, Abramov A, Allard M, Boike J, Cable WL, Christiansen HH, Delaloye R, Diekmann B, Drozdov D, Etzelmüller B, Grosse G, Guglielmin M, Ingeman-Nielsen T, Isaksen K, Ishikawa M, Johansson M, Johannsson H, Joo A, Kaverin D, Kholodov A, Konstantinov P, Kröger T, Lambiel C, Lanckman JP, Luo D, Malkova G, Meiklejohn I, Moskalenko N, Oliva M, Phillips M, Ramos M, Sannel ABK, Sergeev D, Seybold C, Skryabin P, Vasiliev A, Wu Q, Yoshikawa K, Zheleznyak M, Lantuit H. Permafrost is warming at a global scale. Nat Commun 2019; 10:264. [PMID: 30651568 PMCID: PMC6335433 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Permafrost warming has the potential to amplify global climate change, because when frozen sediments thaw it unlocks soil organic carbon. Yet to date, no globally consistent assessment of permafrost temperature change has been compiled. Here we use a global data set of permafrost temperature time series from the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost to evaluate temperature change across permafrost regions for the period since the International Polar Year (2007-2009). During the reference decade between 2007 and 2016, ground temperature near the depth of zero annual amplitude in the continuous permafrost zone increased by 0.39 ± 0.15 °C. Over the same period, discontinuous permafrost warmed by 0.20 ± 0.10 °C. Permafrost in mountains warmed by 0.19 ± 0.05 °C and in Antarctica by 0.37 ± 0.10 °C. Globally, permafrost temperature increased by 0.29 ± 0.12 °C. The observed trend follows the Arctic amplification of air temperature increase in the Northern Hemisphere. In the discontinuous zone, however, ground warming occurred due to increased snow thickness while air temperature remained statistically unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris K Biskaborn
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, 14473, Germany.
| | - Sharon L Smith
- Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON-K1A 0E8, Canada
| | - Jeannette Noetzli
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, CH-7260, Switzerland
| | - Heidrun Matthes
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, 14473, Germany
| | - Gonçalo Vieira
- CEG/IGOT, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1600-276, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrey Abramov
- Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems of Soil Science, RAS, Moscow, 142290, Russia
| | - Michel Allard
- Université Laval, Centre d'études nordiques, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Julia Boike
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, 14473, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität, Geography Department, Berlin, 10099, Germany
| | - William L Cable
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, 14473, Germany
| | | | | | - Bernhard Diekmann
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, 14473, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Potsdam, 14469, Germany
| | - Dmitry Drozdov
- Earth Cryosphere Institute, Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Tyumen, 625000, Russia
| | | | - Guido Grosse
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, 14473, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Potsdam, 14469, Germany
| | - Mauro Guglielmin
- Insubria University, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Varese, 21100, Italy
| | - Thomas Ingeman-Nielsen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Civil Engineering, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Ketil Isaksen
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, 0313, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexander Kholodov
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK-99775, USA
- Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems of Soil Science, RAS, Moscow, 142290, Russia
| | | | - Tim Kröger
- Free University Berlin, Geography Department, Berlin, 12249, Germany
| | | | | | - Dongliang Luo
- Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resource, CAS, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Galina Malkova
- Earth Cryosphere Institute, Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Tyumen, 625000, Russia
| | | | - Natalia Moskalenko
- Earth Cryosphere Institute, Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Tyumen, 625000, Russia
| | - Marc Oliva
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08001, Spain
| | - Marcia Phillips
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, CH-7260, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Dmitrii Sergeev
- Institute of Environmental Geoscience, RAS, Moscow, 101000, Russia
| | | | - Pavel Skryabin
- Melnikov Permafrost Institute, RAS, Yakutsk, 677010, Russia
| | - Alexander Vasiliev
- Earth Cryosphere Institute, Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Tyumen, 625000, Russia
- Tyumen State University, Tyumen, 625003, Russia
| | - Qingbai Wu
- Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resource, CAS, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | | | | | - Hugues Lantuit
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, 14473, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Potsdam, 14469, Germany
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Wolter J, Lantuit H, Wetterich S, Rethemeyer J, Fritz M. Climatic, geomorphologic and hydrologic perturbations as drivers for mid- to late Holocene development of ice-wedge polygons in the western Canadian Arctic. Permafr Periglac Process 2018; 29:164-181. [PMID: 31543690 PMCID: PMC6743709 DOI: 10.1002/ppp.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ice-wedge polygons are widespread periglacial features and influence landscape hydrology and carbon storage. The influence of climate and topography on polygon development is not entirely clear, however, giving high uncertainties to projections of permafrost development. We studied the mid- to late Holocene development of modern ice-wedge polygon sites to explore drivers of change and reasons for long-term stability. We analyzed organic carbon, total nitrogen, stable carbon isotopes, grain size composition and plant macrofossils in six cores from three polygons. We found that all sites developed from aquatic to wetland conditions. In the mid-Holocene, shallow lakes and partly submerged ice-wedge polygons existed at the studied sites. An erosional hiatus of ca 5000 years followed, and ice-wedge polygons re-initiated within the last millennium. Ice-wedge melt and surface drying during the last century were linked to climatic warming. The influence of climate on ice-wedge polygon development was outweighed by geomorphology during most of the late Holocene. Recent warming, however, caused ice-wedge degradation at all sites. Our study showed that where waterlogged ground was maintained, low-centered polygons persisted for millennia. Ice-wedge melt and increased drainage through geomorphic disturbance, however, triggered conversion into high-centered polygons and may lead to self-enhancing degradation under continued warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Wolter
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchResearch Unit Potsdam, Periglacial Research SectionPotsdamGermany
| | - H. Lantuit
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchResearch Unit Potsdam, Periglacial Research SectionPotsdamGermany
- University of PotsdamInstitute of Earth and Environmental SciencesPotsdamGermany
| | - S. Wetterich
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchResearch Unit Potsdam, Periglacial Research SectionPotsdamGermany
| | - J. Rethemeyer
- University of CologneInstitute for Geology and MineralogyCologneGermany
| | - M. Fritz
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchResearch Unit Potsdam, Periglacial Research SectionPotsdamGermany
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5
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Tanski G, Lantuit H, Ruttor S, Knoblauch C, Radosavljevic B, Strauss J, Wolter J, Irrgang AM, Ramage J, Fritz M. Transformation of terrestrial organic matter along thermokarst-affected permafrost coasts in the Arctic. Sci Total Environ 2017; 581-582:434-447. [PMID: 28088543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The changing climate in the Arctic has a profound impact on permafrost coasts, which are subject to intensified thermokarst formation and erosion. Consequently, terrestrial organic matter (OM) is mobilized and transported into the nearshore zone. Yet, little is known about the fate of mobilized OM before and after entering the ocean. In this study we investigated a retrogressive thaw slump (RTS) on Qikiqtaruk - Herschel Island (Yukon coast, Canada). The RTS was classified into an undisturbed, a disturbed (thermokarst-affected) and a nearshore zone and sampled systematically along transects. Samples were analyzed for total and dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen (TOC, DOC, TN, DN), stable carbon isotopes (δ13C-TOC, δ13C-DOC), and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), which were compared between the zones. C/N-ratios, δ13C signatures, and ammonium (NH4-N) concentrations were used as indicators for OM degradation along with biomarkers (n-alkanes, n-fatty acids, n-alcohols). Our results show that OM significantly decreases after disturbance with a TOC and DOC loss of 77 and 55% and a TN and DN loss of 53 and 48%, respectively. C/N-ratios decrease significantly, whereas NH4-N concentrations slightly increase in freshly thawed material. In the nearshore zone, OM contents are comparable to the disturbed zone. We suggest that the strong decrease in OM is caused by initial dilution with melted massive ice and immediate offshore transport via the thaw stream. In the mudpool and thaw stream, OM is subject to degradation, whereas in the slump floor the nitrogen decrease is caused by recolonizing vegetation. Within the nearshore zone of the ocean, heavier portions of OM are directly buried in marine sediments close to shore. We conclude that RTS have profound impacts on coastal environments in the Arctic. They mobilize nutrients from permafrost, substantially decrease OM contents and provide fresh water and nutrients at a point source.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tanski
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Periglacial Research Unit, Potsdam, Germany; Potsdam University, Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Hugues Lantuit
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Periglacial Research Unit, Potsdam, Germany; Potsdam University, Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Saskia Ruttor
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Periglacial Research Unit, Potsdam, Germany; Potsdam University, Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Potsdam, Germany.
| | | | - Boris Radosavljevic
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Periglacial Research Unit, Potsdam, Germany; Potsdam University, Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Jens Strauss
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Periglacial Research Unit, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Juliane Wolter
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Periglacial Research Unit, Potsdam, Germany; Potsdam University, Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Anna M Irrgang
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Periglacial Research Unit, Potsdam, Germany; Potsdam University, Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Justine Ramage
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Periglacial Research Unit, Potsdam, Germany; Potsdam University, Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Michael Fritz
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Periglacial Research Unit, Potsdam, Germany.
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Overduin PP, Strzelecki MC, Grigoriev MN, Couture N, Lantuit H, St-Hilaire-Gravel D, Günther F, Wetterich S. Coastal changes in the Arctic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1144/sp388.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe arctic environment is changing: air temperatures, major river discharges and open water season length have increased, and storm intensities and tracks are changing. Thirteen quantitative studies of the rates of coastline position change throughout the Arctic show that recently observed environmental changes have not led to ubiquitously or continuously increasing coastal erosion rates, which currently range between 0 and 2 m/yr when averaged for the arctic shelf seas. Current data is probably insufficient, both spatially and temporally, however, to capture change at decadal to sub-decadal time scales. In this context, we describe the current understanding of arctic coastal geomorphodynamics with an emphasis on erosional regimes of coasts with ice-rich sedimentary deposits in the Laptev, East Siberian and Beaufort seas, where local coastal erosion can exceed 20 m/yr. We also examine coasts with lithified (rocky) substrates where geomorphodynamics are intensified by rapid glacial retreat. Coastlines of Svalbard, Greenland and the Canadian Archipelago are less frequently studied than ice-rich continental coasts of North America and Siberia, and studies often focus on coastal sections composed of unlithified material. As air temperature and sea ice duration and extent change, longer thaw and wave seasons will intensify coastal dynamics in the Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. P. Overduin
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A43, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M. C. Strzelecki
- Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, UK
- Department of Geomorphology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - M. N. Grigoriev
- Melnikov Permafrost Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Yakutsk, Russia
| | - N. Couture
- Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - H. Lantuit
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A43, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - D. St-Hilaire-Gravel
- School of Ocean Technology, Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada
| | - F. Günther
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A43, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - S. Wetterich
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A43, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
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7
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Frank-Fahle BA, Yergeau É, Greer CW, Lantuit H, Wagner D. Microbial functional potential and community composition in permafrost-affected soils of the NW Canadian Arctic. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84761. [PMID: 24416279 PMCID: PMC3885591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Permafrost-affected soils are among the most obvious ecosystems in which current microbial controls on organic matter decomposition are changing as a result of global warming. Warmer conditions in polygonal tundra will lead to a deepening of the seasonal active layer, provoking changes in microbial processes and possibly resulting in exacerbated carbon degradation under increasing anoxic conditions. To identify current microbial assemblages in carbon rich, water saturated permafrost environments, four polygonal tundra sites were investigated on Herschel Island and the Yukon Coast, Western Canadian Arctic. Ion Torrent sequencing of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA amplicons revealed the presence of all major microbial soil groups and indicated a local, vertical heterogeneity of the polygonal tundra soil community with increasing depth. Microbial diversity was found to be highest in the surface layers, decreasing towards the permafrost table. Quantitative PCR analysis of functional genes involved in carbon and nitrogen-cycling revealed a high functional potential in the surface layers, decreasing with increasing active layer depth. We observed that soil properties driving microbial diversity and functional potential varied in each study site. These results highlight the small-scale heterogeneity of geomorphologically comparable sites, greatly restricting generalizations about the fate of permafrost-affected environments in a warming Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice A. Frank-Fahle
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | - Hugues Lantuit
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dirk Wagner
- GFZ German Center for Geosciences, Section 4.5 Geomicrobiology, Potsdam, Germany
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8
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Barbier BA, Dziduch I, Liebner S, Ganzert L, Lantuit H, Pollard W, Wagner D. Methane-cycling communities in a permafrost-affected soil on Herschel Island, Western Canadian Arctic: active layer profiling ofmcrAandpmoAgenes. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2012; 82:287-302. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01332.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice A. Barbier
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research; Research Unit Potsdam; Potsdam; Germany
| | - Isabel Dziduch
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research; Research Unit Potsdam; Potsdam; Germany
| | - Susanne Liebner
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology; University of Tromsø; Tromsø; Norway
| | - Lars Ganzert
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology; University of Tromsø; Tromsø; Norway
| | - Hugues Lantuit
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research; Research Unit Potsdam; Potsdam; Germany
| | - Wayne Pollard
- Department of Geography; McGill University; Montréal; QC; Canada
| | - Dirk Wagner
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research; Research Unit Potsdam; Potsdam; Germany
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9
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Johansson M, Åkerman J, Keuper F, Christensen TR, Lantuit H, Callaghan TV. Past and present permafrost temperatures in the Abisko area: redrilling of boreholes. Ambio 2011; 40:558-65. [PMID: 21954719 PMCID: PMC3357866 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-011-0163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of permafrost has been ongoing since 1978 in the Abisko area, northernmost Sweden, when measurements of active layer thickness started. In 1980, boreholes were drilled in three mires in the area to record permafrost temperatures. Recordings were made twice per year, and the last data were obtained in 2002. During the International Polar Year (2007-2008), new boreholes were drilled within the 'Back to the Future' (BTF) and 'Thermal State of Permafrost' (TSP) projects that enabled year-round temperature monitoring. Mean annual ground temperatures (MAGT) in the mires are close to 0 degrees C, ranging from -0.16 to -0.47 degrees C at 5 m depth. Data from the boreholes show increasing ground temperatures in the upper and lower part by 0.4 to 1 degree C between 1980 and 2002. At one mire, permafrost thickness has decreased from 15 m in 1980 to ca. 9 m in 2009, with an accelerating thawing trend during the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margareta Johansson
- Division of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Analyses, Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, PO Box 50005, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Åkerman
- Division of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Analyses, Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Frida Keuper
- Department of Systems Ecology, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Torben R. Christensen
- Division of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Analyses, Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hugues Lantuit
- AWI Potsdam, Periglacial Section, Telegrafenberg A43, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Terry V. Callaghan
- Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, PO Box 50005, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Sheffield Centre for Arctic Ecology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 5BR UK
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Callaghan TV, Tweedie CE, Åkerman J, Andrews C, Bergstedt J, Butler MG, Christensen TR, Cooley D, Dahlberg U, Danby RK, Daniёls FJA, de Molenaar JG, Dick J, Mortensen CE, Ebert-May D, Emanuelsson U, Eriksson H, Hedenås H, Henry GHR, Hik DS, Hobbie JE, Jantze EJ, Jaspers C, Johansson C, Johansson M, Johnson DR, Johnstone JF, Jonasson C, Kennedy C, Kenney AJ, Keuper F, Koh S, Krebs CJ, Lantuit H, Lara MJ, Lin D, Lougheed VL, Madsen J, Matveyeva N, McEwen DC, Myers-Smith IH, Narozhniy YK, Olsson H, Pohjola VA, Price LW, Rigét F, Rundqvist S, Sandström A, Tamstorf M, Van Bogaert R, Villarreal S, Webber PJ, Zemtsov VA. Multi-decadal changes in tundra environments and ecosystems: synthesis of the International Polar Year-Back to the Future project (IPY-BTF). Ambio 2011; 40:705-16. [PMID: 21954732 PMCID: PMC3357861 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-011-0179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the responses of tundra systems to global change has global implications. Most tundra regions lack sustained environmental monitoring and one of the only ways to document multi-decadal change is to resample historic research sites. The International Polar Year (IPY) provided a unique opportunity for such research through the Back to the Future (BTF) project (IPY project #512). This article synthesizes the results from 13 papers within this Ambio Special Issue. Abiotic changes include glacial recession in the Altai Mountains, Russia; increased snow depth and hardness, permafrost warming, and increased growing season length in sub-arctic Sweden; drying of ponds in Greenland; increased nutrient availability in Alaskan tundra ponds, and warming at most locations studied. Biotic changes ranged from relatively minor plant community change at two sites in Greenland to moderate change in the Yukon, and to dramatic increases in shrub and tree density on Herschel Island, and in subarctic Sweden. The population of geese tripled at one site in northeast Greenland where biomass in non-grazed plots doubled. A model parameterized using results from a BTF study forecasts substantial declines in all snowbeds and increases in shrub tundra on Niwot Ridge, Colorado over the next century. In general, results support and provide improved capacities for validating experimental manipulation, remote sensing, and modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry V. Callaghan
- Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Lilla Frescativägen 4 A, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
| | - Craig E. Tweedie
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968-0519 USA
| | - Jonas Åkerman
- Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, PO Box 50005, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Johan Bergstedt
- IFM—Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Malcolm G. Butler
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108 USA
| | - Torben R. Christensen
- Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Division of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Analyses, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Dorothy Cooley
- Department of Environment, Yukon Territorial Government, Dawson City, YT Canada
| | | | - Ryan K. Danby
- Department of Geography and School of Environmental Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Fred J. A. Daniёls
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, Hindenburgplatz 55, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes G. de Molenaar
- Gruttostraat 24, 4021EX Maurik,
The Netherlands
- Alterra, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Dick
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, EH26 0QB UK
| | | | - Diane Ebert-May
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 166 Plant Biology Building, East Lansing, MI 48824-1312 USA
| | | | | | - Henrik Hedenås
- Abisko Scientific Research Station, 981 07 Abisko, Sweden
| | - Greg. H. R. Henry
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, 1984 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2 Canada
| | - David S. Hik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - John E. Hobbie
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
| | - Elin J. Jantze
- Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Cecilia Johansson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Margareta Johansson
- Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - David R. Johnson
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968-0519 USA
| | - Jill F. Johnstone
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | | | - Catherine Kennedy
- Department of Environment, Yukon Territorial Government, Whitehorse, YT Canada
| | - Alice J. Kenney
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Frida Keuper
- Department of Systems Ecology, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saewan Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - Charles J. Krebs
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Hugues Lantuit
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Telegrafenberg A45, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mark J. Lara
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968-0519 USA
| | - David Lin
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968-0519 USA
| | - Vanessa L. Lougheed
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968-0519 USA
| | - Jesper Madsen
- Department of Arctic Environment, National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Nadya Matveyeva
- Department of Vegetation of the Far North, Komarov Botanical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daniel C. McEwen
- Department of Biosciences, Minnesota State University Moorhead, Moorhead, MN 56563 USA
| | - Isla H. Myers-Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - Yuriy K. Narozhniy
- Research Laboratory of Glacioclimatology, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Forest Resource Management, Swedish university of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Veijo A. Pohjola
- Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Larry W. Price
- Department of Geography, Portland State University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Frank Rigét
- Department of Biosciences, Minnesota State University Moorhead, Moorhead, MN 56563 USA
| | | | | | - Mikkel Tamstorf
- Department of Biosciences, Minnesota State University Moorhead, Moorhead, MN 56563 USA
| | - Rik Van Bogaert
- Flanders Research Foundation, Egmontstraat 5, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandra Villarreal
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968-0519 USA
| | - Patrick J. Webber
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 166 Plant Biology Building, East Lansing, MI 48824-1312 USA
- P.O. Box 1380, Ranchos de Taos, NM 87557 USA
| | - Valeriy A. Zemtsov
- Hydrology Department, Faculty of Geology and Geography, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, Russia 634050
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