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Lee HL, Chung CH, Hsu YT, Chung KH, Chien WC, Chiu HC. Influence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on the Risk of Dental Caries: Insights from a 13-Year Population-Based Retrospective Study. JDR Clin Trans Res 2024:23800844241246198. [PMID: 38733110 DOI: 10.1177/23800844241246198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT Obstructive sleep apnea has been proven to have a great negative impact on patients, and the relationship between sleep apnea and dental caries is still inconclusive. Our study shows that patients with sleep apnea and those older than 45 y have a significant risk of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Oral Health Science, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - C H Chung
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y T Hsu
- Department of Oral Health Science, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - K H Chung
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - W C Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H C Chiu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Liu CS, Chen TH, Wang RY, Lee HL, Chiou JF, Lu LS. Cardiopulmonary Protection for Bilateral Breast Irradiation: A Dosimetric Comparison between Proton and Photon Plans. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e688-e689. [PMID: 37786021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Recent advances in cancer treatment improve cancer survivorship. Cardiovascular disease has become the leading cause of non-cancer death in breast cancer survivors. Therefore, risk of cardiopulmonary toxicities during multimodality treatment should be assessed carefully. It remains to be defined the best scenario for proton therapy to confer meaningful cardiovascular protection in the setting of breast irradiation. We hypothesized proton therapy plan provides optimal cardiopulmonary protection during bilateral breast irradiation. The study aimed to compare cardiopulmonary dosimetric parameters of proton and photon radiotherapy plans. MATERIALS/METHODS We conducted a retrospective study and patients with bilateral breast cancer indicated for radiotherapy between January 01, 2010 and December 31, 2020 were included. All patients received whole breast or chest wall irradiation with or without regional nodal irradiation. The dose scheme was 50-50.4 Gy in 25-28 fractions. Boost was allowed if patients receiving breast conserving surgery or known risk factors. The dosimetric parameters included planning target volume, mean dose to the heart, the volume of whole lung receiving 5 Gy, 10 Gy, and 20 Gy. For photon therapy, volumetric modulated arc therapy using double partial arc plans was generated with Pinnacle 9.8, Elekta Synergy and tomotherapy helical plan was generated with Tomo Hi-Art planning system. For proton therapy, treatment planning was generated with Ray station 9A. All data was managed using SAS v.9.4 software. Analysis of variance (α = 0.05) was used to compute the dosimetry of different treatment modalities. The statistical significance was considered with a p-value <0.05. RESULTS Thirty-one patients with bilateral breast cancer were included, including 12 bilateral breast irradiation patients and 6 bilateral chest wall irradiation patients. The mean dose of heart was 53.0±43.3 cGy in proton therapy while 736.6±225.1 cGy and 869.67±241.0 cGy in Tomotherapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy respectively. The volume of whole lung receiving 5 Gy was 15.4±7.91% in proton therapy while 46.1±10.8% and 46.3±2.5% in Tomotherapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy respectively. The volume of whole lung receiving 20 Gy was 7.7±4.3% in proton therapy while 15.4±5.6% and 19±3.5% in Tomotherapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy respectively. The effects of cardiopulmonary protection were more significant for chest wall irradiation over breast irradiation. CONCLUSION Proton radiotherapy provided significant dose reduction for bilateral breast irradiation. The benefit is more significant is patients receiving bilateral chest wall irradiation. Further clinical validations will be warranted to confirm the clinical relevance of the finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Liu
- Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - T H Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - R Y Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H L Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J F Chiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - L S Lu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yu WS, Chang MH, Lee HL, Lee YT, Tsai MC, Wang CC. Recurrent umbilical varix rupture with hemoperitoneum: a case report and review of literature. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:160. [PMID: 35365084 PMCID: PMC8973573 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-traumatic hemoperitoneum was a rare event with the risk of sudden death. Spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma is the most intuitive diagnosis when hemoperitoneum occurs in cirrhotic patients who are not regularly followed up. However, other etiologies of hemoperitoneum, such as intra-abdominal varix rupture, should be kept in mind.
Case presentation A 44-year-old man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, Child–Pugh B was sent to our emergency department (ED) because of recurrent abdominal pain and hypovolemic shock. He had similar symptoms one month ago and was diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) rupture with hemoperitoneum, therefore he underwent trans-arterial embolization (TAE). However, the follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed less possibility of hepatocellular carcinoma. Contrast enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed possible umbilical vein contrast agent extravasation. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed the diagnosis of rupture umbilical varix with hemoperitoneum. Conclusion Although umbilical varix rupture is a rare cause of hemoperitoneum, it should be kept in mind in cirrhotic patients with unexplained hemoperitoneum. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-022-02167-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - M H Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - H L Lee
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Y T Lee
- Infection Control, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - M C Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C C Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Elia-Amira NMR, Chen CD, Low VL, Lau KW, Haziqah-Rashid A, Amelia-Yap ZH, Lee HL, Sofian-Azirun M. Statewide Efficacy Assessment of Insect Growth Regulators Against Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Sabah, Malaysia: An Alternative Control Strategy? J Med Entomol 2022; 59:301-307. [PMID: 34459477 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of three groups of insect growth regulators, namely juvenile hormone mimics (methoprene and pyriproxyfen), chitin synthesis inhibitors (diflubenzuron and novaluron), and molting disruptor (cyromazine) was evaluated for the first time, against Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae from 14 districts in Sabah, Malaysia. The results showed that all field populations of Ae. albopictus were susceptible towards methoprene, pyriproxyfen, diflubenzuron, novaluron, and cyromazine, with resistance ratio values ranging from 0.50-0.90, 0.60-1.00, 0.67-1.17, 0.71-1.29, and 0.74-1.07, respectively. Overall, the efficacy assessment of insect growth regulators in this study showed promising outcomes and they could be further explored as an alternative to conventional insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M R Elia-Amira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C D Chen
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Rimba Ilmu Botanical Garden, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - V L Low
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K W Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Haziqah-Rashid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Z H Amelia-Yap
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Sofian-Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Elia-Amira NMR, Chen CD, Low VL, Lau KW, Haziqah-Rashid A, Amelia-Yap ZH, Lee HL, Azidah AA, Sofian-Azirun M. Assessment of the susceptibility status of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Interior, Sandakan and Tawau divisions of Sabah, Malaysia based on WHO diagnostic doses of larvicides. Trop Biomed 2021; 38:196-204. [PMID: 34172711 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.2.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Susceptibility status of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) sampled from residential areas in Interior, Sandakan and Tawau divisions of Sabah, Malaysia, was evaluated based on the WHOrecommended doses of organochlorine and organophosphate larvicides. To determine susceptibility status, larval bioassays were carried out and post 24-hour mortalities based on WHO resistance classifications were adopted. The results demonstrated that Ae. albopictus larvae were resistant toward 5 out of the 8 larvicides tested. Larvae from all populations were resistant against bromophos, fenitrothion, malathion, temephos and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), with mortalities ranging from 0.00 to 89.33%. Dieldrin, on the other hand, could induce 100.00% mortalities in all populations, followed by fenthion and chlorpyrifos, with mortalities ranging from 97.33 to 100.00% and 81.33 to 100.00% respectively. Despite most populations exhibiting similitude in their resistance status, larvae from Sandakan exhibited the highest resistance level whereas the lowest level was observed in Keningau. In view of the inadequacy of some larvicides in controlling Ae. albopictus in this study, integrated management such as insecticide rotation or combination of interventions is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M R Elia-Amira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C D Chen
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Rimba Ilmu Botanical Garden, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - V L Low
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K W Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Haziqah-Rashid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Z H Amelia-Yap
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A A Azidah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Sofian-Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mohd-Noor SN, Nur-Rasyidah I, Muhammad-Iqbal MN, Nguyen TBD, Lee HL, Nurulhusna AH. Residual efficacy of deltamethrin applied to foliage against Malaysian Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse). Trop Biomed 2021; 38:165-170. [PMID: 34172706 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.2.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The spraying of insecticide on foliage to provide an insecticidal barrier may serve as part of the vector control measures to combat the increasing threat of Aedes-borne diseases. The effectiveness of insecticide barrier spraying was evaluated by assessing the residual efficacy of deltamethrin sprayed on foliage against Malaysian Ae. aegypti (L.) and Ae. albopictus (Skuse). In this semi-field study, landscape plants grown within the vicinity of the Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Malaysia, were treated with deltamethrin suspension concentrate (SC) with the dosage of 30 mg/m2 and 50 mg/m2 in three rounds of spraying. Deltamethrin residual activity on treated and untreated leaves was investigated using standard WHO cone bioassays. Wild Aedes populations at both deltamethrin-treated and untreated plant clusters were monitored by ovitrap surveillance. Ovitrap monitoring revealed that the mean number of Ae. albopictus larvae at deltamethrin-treated were significantly lower than the mean number of larvae of the same species at the untreated plant cluster. Cone bioassay results showed that the insecticide remained effective for up to 4 weeks (> 80% mortality), but the insecticide residual activity was affected by rainfall. These results suggest that insecticide barrier spraying is a promising tool and may be used along with other mosquito control tools such as indoor residual spray and space spraying to reduce the dengue burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Mohd-Noor
- Medical Entomology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, National Institutes of Health, Block C, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - I Nur-Rasyidah
- Medical Entomology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, National Institutes of Health, Block C, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - M N Muhammad-Iqbal
- Medical Entomology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, National Institutes of Health, Block C, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - T B D Nguyen
- School of Diploma in Applied Parasitology and Entomology, SEAMEO - TROPMED Regional Center Malaysia, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, National Institutes of Health, Block A, Jalan Setia Murni U10/53, Seksyen U10, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Malaysia.,National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology, and Entomology, 34 Trung Van, Nam Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, National Institutes of Health, Block C, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - A H Nurulhusna
- Medical Entomology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, National Institutes of Health, Block C, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Malaysia
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Cheong YL, Rosilawati R, Mohd-Khairuddin CI, Siti-Futri FF, Nur-Ayuni N, Lim KH, Khairul-Asuad M, Mohd-Zahari TH, Mohd-Izral YU, Mohd-Zainuldin T, Nazni WA, Lee HL. PesTrapp mobile app: A trap setting application for real-time entomological field and laboratory study. Trop Biomed 2021; 38:171-179. [PMID: 34172707 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.2.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diseases such as malaria, dengue, Zika and chikungunya remain endemic in many countries. Setting and deploying traps to capture the host/vector species are fundamental to understand their density and distributions. Human effort to manage the trap data accurately and timely is an exhaustive endeavour when the study area expands and period prolongs. One stop mobile app to manage and monitor the process of targeted species trapping, from field to laboratory level is still scarce. Toward this end, we developed a new mobile app named "PesTrapp" to acquire the vector density index based on the mobile updates of ovitraps and species information in field and laboratory. This study aimed to highlight the mobile app's development and design, elucidate the practical user experiences of using the app and evaluate the preliminary user assessment of the mobile app. The mobile app was developed using mobile framework and database. User evaluation of the mobile app was based on the adjusted Mobile App Rating Scale and Standardized User Experience Percentile Rank Questionnaire. The process flows of system design and detailed screen layouts were described. The user experiences with and without the app in a project to study Aedes surveillance in six study sites in Selangor, Malaysia were elucidated. The overall mean user evaluation score of the mobile app was 4.0 out of 5 (SD=0.6), reflects its acceptability of the users. The PesTrapp, a one-stop solution, is anticipated to improve the entomological surveillance work processes. This new mobile app can contribute as a tool in the vector control countermeasure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Cheong
- Biomedical Museum Unit, Special Resource Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Rosilawati
- Medical Entomology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C I Mohd-Khairuddin
- Biomedical Research, Strategic & Innovation Management Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Level 6, Block C6, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Setia Alam Selangor, Malaysia
| | - F F Siti-Futri
- Medical Entomology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N Nur-Ayuni
- Medical Entomology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K H Lim
- Biomedical Museum Unit, Special Resource Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Khairul-Asuad
- Medical Entomology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - T H Mohd-Zahari
- Biomedical Research, Strategic & Innovation Management Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Level 6, Block C6, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Setia Alam Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Y U Mohd-Izral
- Biomedical Research, Strategic & Innovation Management Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Level 6, Block C6, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Setia Alam Selangor, Malaysia
| | - T Mohd-Zainuldin
- Biomedical Museum Unit, Special Resource Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - W A Nazni
- Medical Entomology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Steele L, Lee HL, Earp E, Hong A, Thomson J. Who writes dermatology randomized controlled trials? The need to specify the role of medical writers. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 46:1086-1088. [PMID: 33914938 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Medical writers may make major contributions to the preparation of a manuscript, but are not listed as authors. We assessed the prevalence, affiliation and role of medical writers in dermatology randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in 2019 in the top 7 medical and top 10 dermatology journals. Medical writers were identified in 39/83 trials (47%), all of which were exclusively industry-funded trials (39/47, prevalence 83%). Most studies stated their role as 'medical writing support' and/or 'editorial assistance' (35/39, 90%), but when more information was provided, four studies specified first draft preparation (50% of RCTs in general medical and 1.3% of RCTs in dermatology journals). Medical writers are common in dermatology trials but their role is often vaguely stated. In April 2020 the British Journal or Dermatology and Clinical and Experimental Dermatology adopted CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy), which describes contributions of authors and may help clarify who writes trial manuscripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Steele
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Department of Dermatology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - H L Lee
- Department of Dermatology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - E Earp
- Department of Dermatology, Lauriston Building, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Hong
- Department of Dermatology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J Thomson
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Department of Dermatology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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Steele L, Lee HL, Maruthappu T, O'Toole EA. The status and outcomes of registered clinical trials for Janus kinase inhibitors in alopecia areata: are unpublished trials being overlooked? Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 46:1290-1292. [PMID: 33608909 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent meta-analyses of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in alopecia areata (AA) have excluded trial registries and may thus be subject to publication bias. This study assessed the potential for evidence selection bias and provides an overview of JAK inhibitor trials in AA. A broad search strategy of ClinicalTrials.gov was performed for AA. We also recorded whether results were published on PubMed. There were 26 trials identified, of which 9 were ongoing (mostly oral JAK inhibitors: 8 studies; 89%). Of completed/terminated trials, 4/17 (24%) had terminated prematurely, citing 'inefficacy/futility' or 'sponsor decision'. These were all topical JAK inhibitor trials (4/8, 50% termination rate), with a 0% termination rate (0/9) for oral JAK inhibitor trials. We conclude that topical JAK inhibitors may be less efficacious than has been apparent in the literature to date, with 50% of trials having terminated due to inefficacy/futility or sponsor decision and only one topical JAK inhibitor trial ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Steele
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Department of Dermatology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - H L Lee
- Department of Dermatology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - T Maruthappu
- Department of Dermatology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - E A O'Toole
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Department of Dermatology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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Lee HL, Lim LH, Master Z, Wong SMM. The role of breath hold intensity modulated proton therapy for a case of left-sided breast cancer with IMN involvement. How protons compare with other conformal techniques? Tech Innov Patient Support Radiat Oncol 2020; 15:1-5. [PMID: 32490219 PMCID: PMC7256639 DOI: 10.1016/j.tipsro.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the dosimetric impact of four different radiotherapy techniques for a case of left-sided breast cancer with Internal Mammary lymph Nodes (IMN) involvement. Materials and methods To identify the best radiotherapy technique for this patient, four methods were compared: 3D Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT), Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), Tomotherapy (TOMO) and Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy (IMPT). Patient was treated using deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) technique. Prescribed dose was 40.05y in 15 fractions. Plan evaluation was performed on target coverage and dose to the organs-at-risk (OARs) using 3D-CRT as a baseline. Results TOMO has the most ideal Conformity Index (CI) at 1.139, followed by IMPT at 1.158, VMAT at 0.765, and 3D-CRT at 0.685. Using 3D-CRT as a baseline, VMAT, TOMO and IMPT all showed improved dose coverage. IMPT has the best dose coverage. TOMO has the most ideal homogeneity index (HI) and Conformity Number (CN). Mean heart dose (MHD) is lowest for IMPT at 0.55 Gy and highest for VMAT at 4.79 Gy. V20Gy of left lung is the lowest for IMPT at 11.11%, compared to 17.53% for TOMO, 18.19% for VMAT and 33.33% for 3D-CRT. V5Gy for the contralateral breast ranges from 0.01% in IMPT to 72.32% in TOMO. Conclusion 3D-CRT compromising target coverage but achieving good OAR sparing for the contralateral right breast, left lung and right lung. Overall, IMPT performed best in terms of target coverage and OAR-sparing. Protons delivered superior target dose coverage and sparing of normal structures for this patient. As dose value parameters are expected to correlate with acute and chronic toxicities, proton therapy should be given due consideration as the preferred technique for the treatment of left-sided breast cancers with IMN involvement. Further studies with more patients can be done to evaluate the effectiveness of proton therapy on acute and chronic toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Lee
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore
| | - L H Lim
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zubin Master
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sharon M M Wong
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore.,Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,College of Allied Health, SingHealth Academy, Singapore
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11
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Lee SH, Park JS, Kim SY, Kim DS, Kim YW, Chung MP, Uh ST, Park CS, Park SW, Jeong SH, Park YB, Lee HL, Shin JW, Lee JH, Jegal Y, Lee HK, Kim YH, Song JW, Park MS. Clinical features and prognosis of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2020; 23:678-684. [PMID: 31315699 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) share common risk factors. They could therefore be expressed in a single patient. However, the prevalence, clinical characteristics and prognosis of individuals with comorbid IPF and COPD are not known. </sec> <sec> <title>METHOD</title> From 2003 to 2007, the Korean Interstitial Lung Disease Study Group created a register for idiopathic interstitial pneumonia using 2002 ATS/ERS (American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society) criteria. Of the 1546 IPF patients assessed, 143 had decreased lung function consistent with COPD (IPF-COPD). COPD was diagnosed based on age (≥40 years) and pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in 1 sec [FEV1]/forced vital capacity [FVC] ratio < 0.7). </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> The median age of the IPF-COPD group was 71.0 years (interquartile range 66.0-76.0); most patients were male (88.1%). FVC (%) was significantly higher in the IPF-COPD group; however, FEV1 (%) was significantly lower in the IPF-COPD group (P < 0.001). Diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was not significantly different between the two groups. In survival analysis, age and FVC (%), but not COPD, were significantly associated with prognosis (respectively P = 0.003, 0.001 and 0.401). COPD severity was also not related to prognosis (P = 0.935). </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSION</title> The prevalence of IPF-COPD was estimated to be ∼9.2% among all IPF patients; prognosis of patients with IPF-COPD was not worse than those with IPF alone. </sec>.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Department of Internal Medicine, National University College of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul
| | - J S Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, National University College of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul
| | - S Y Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Institute of Chest Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - D S Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul
| | - Y W Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Lung Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - M P Chung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul
| | - S T Uh
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul
| | - C S Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Gyeonggi-do
| | - S W Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Gyeonggi-do
| | - S H Jeong
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon
| | - Y B Park
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul
| | - H L Lee
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon
| | - J W Shin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Seoul
| | - Y Jegal
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan
| | - H K Lee
- Division of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Pusan Paik Hospital, Busan
| | - Y H Kim
- Division of Allergy and Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J W Song
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul
| | - M S Park
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Institute of Chest Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
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12
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Siti-Futri FF, Rosilawati R, Wan KL, Cheong YL, Nazni WA, Lee HL. Status of pyrethroid resistance in Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linneaus) from dengue hotspots in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Trop Biomed 2020; 37:201-209. [PMID: 33612731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The continued absence of an effective and safe tetravalent dengue vaccine and the lack of specific anti-viral treatment have made mosquito vector control using chemical insecticides as the mainstream for dengue prevention and control. However, the long-term use of chemical insecticides may induce resistance. Hence detection of insecticide resistance in dengue vectors is crucially important in ensuring the insecticide-based intervention in dengue control program is still effective and reliable. In this study, the susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti from five selected dengue hotspots in Klang Valley, Malaysia against pyrethroids was determined by employing the World Health Organization (WHO) protocol of adult bioassay. Four types of pyrethroids were tested against adult female Aedes aegypti to determine the knockdown rate, post 24-h adult mortality and resistance ratio. All field-collected Aedes aegypti strains were resistant to the four pyrethroids tested, except for the Taman Sungai Jelok (TSJ) strain. Permethrin exhibited the lowest knockdown rate against Aedes aegypti, followed by deltamethrin, cyfluthrin and lambda-cyhalothrin. This present study indicated the widespread of pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti in Klang Valley, indicating the needs of implementing alternative measures in vector control program. The data in this study can be utilised as an input for insecticide resistance management of Aedes aegypti in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Siti-Futri
- Medical Entomology Unit, and WHO Collaborating Centre for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Malaysia
- Centre for Biotechnology and Functional Food, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - R Rosilawati
- Medical Entomology Unit, and WHO Collaborating Centre for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Malaysia
| | - K L Wan
- Centre for Biotechnology and Functional Food, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Y L Cheong
- Medical Entomology Unit, and WHO Collaborating Centre for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Malaysia
| | - W A Nazni
- Medical Entomology Unit, and WHO Collaborating Centre for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Malaysia
| | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit, and WHO Collaborating Centre for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Malaysia
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13
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Rosilawati R, Nabila R, Siti Futri Farahininajua F, Nazni WA, Lee HL. A preliminary proteomic study of permethrin resistant and susceptible Aedes aegypti (L.). Trop Biomed 2019; 36:855-865. [PMID: 33597458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of insecticide resistance is traditionally attributed to detoxification enzymes, target site alteration, decreased penetration of insecticides and behavioural resistance. Other form of mechanisms, such as the role of protein(s) in resistance is unknown. In the present study, the protein profiling of both IMR-PSS strain (permethrin-selected) and IMR-LS strain (laboratory-susceptible) 24 hours post exposure period to permethrin was carried out via 1D-gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS). The bands which appeared in the gel of 1D-electrophoresis revealed an abundance of proteins. The band pattern of both strains looked macroscopically alike and differed only in band intensity. However, LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the IMR-PSS strain produced extra 388 peptides that were not found in the IMR-LS strain, indicating that IMR-PSS strain reacted differently from IMR-LS strain as a result of persistent exposure to permethrin. Since the complex banding patterns of 1D-gel electrophoresis were difficult to interpret the significance of the protein difference between IMR-PSS and IMR-LS strain, hence LC-MS/MS analysis is ideally suited for better protein resolution and thus will allow more in-depth comparison of the complex pattern. The findings here provide the first preliminary evidence that insecticide resistance in mosquito induces up regulation of proteins that may be protective to mosquitoes against insecticide and proteins could be another mechanism that contributes to development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rosilawati
- Medical Entomology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for the Ecology, Taxonomy and Control of Vectors of Malaria, Filariasis and Dengue, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research
| | - R Nabila
- Medical Entomology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for the Ecology, Taxonomy and Control of Vectors of Malaria, Filariasis and Dengue, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research
| | - F Siti Futri Farahininajua
- Medical Entomology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for the Ecology, Taxonomy and Control of Vectors of Malaria, Filariasis and Dengue, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research
| | - W A Nazni
- Medical Entomology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for the Ecology, Taxonomy and Control of Vectors of Malaria, Filariasis and Dengue, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research
| | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for the Ecology, Taxonomy and Control of Vectors of Malaria, Filariasis and Dengue, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research
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14
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Singh R, Majumder K, Anantharachagan A, Lee HL, Singh V, Chaturvedula L, Koothan V, Mettler L. 1917 Comparison of Training Techniques in Gynecological Endoscopy in Various Parts of the World. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.09.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Elia-Amira NMR, Chen CD, Low VL, Lau KW, Haziqah-Rashid A, Amelia-Yap ZH, Lee HL, Sofian-Azirun M. Adulticide Resistance Status of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Sabah, Malaysia: A Statewide Assessment. J Med Entomol 2019; 56:1715-1725. [PMID: 31290534 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Resistance status of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) collected from Sabah, East Malaysia, was evaluated against four major classes of adulticides, namely pyrethroid, carbamate, organochlorine, and organophosphate. Adult bioassays conforming to WHO standard protocols were conducted to assess knockdown and mortality rates of Ae. albopictus. Among tested pyrethroid adulticides, only cyfluthrin, lambda-cyaholthrin, and deltamethrin were able to inflict total knockdown. The other adulticide classes mostly failed to cause any knockdown; the highest knockdown rate was only 18.33% for propoxur. With regards to mortality rate, Ae. albopictus was unanimously susceptible toward all pyrethroids, dieldrin, and malathion, but exhibited resistance toward bendiocarb, propoxur, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and fenitrothion. Additionally, correlation analysis demonstrated cross-resistance between bendiocarb and propoxur, and malathion and propoxur. In conclusion, this study has disclosed that pyrethroids are still generally effective for Aedes control in Sabah, Malaysia. The susceptibility status of Ae. albopictus against pyrethroids in descending order was cyfluthrin > lambda-cyhalothrin > deltamethrin > etofenprox > permethrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M R Elia-Amira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C D Chen
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - V L Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K W Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Haziqah-Rashid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Z H Amelia-Yap
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Sofian-Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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16
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Roziah A, Rosilawati R, Nazni WA, Norazizah A, Khairul Asuad M, Lee HL. Pteridine fluorescence in age-determination of immature Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) and Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Trop Biomed 2019; 36:488-494. [PMID: 33597411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the practice of forensic entomology, the chronological age of the maggots retrieved from the cadaver is used to determine the minimum post-mortem interval (mPMI) i.e. minimum time of death. The conventional method of aging the maggots is based on measuring the growth rate of these maggots. Although effective, the constraint associated with conventional method necessitates the development of new age determination method, such as pteridine determination. Pteridine, a by-product of protein metabolism in insects is known to correlate with the age of a variety of dipterans. A number of studies were conducted on aging the adults of forensically important flies. In this study, pteridine was extracted from Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomya rufifacies maggots of known age using established methods and determined by measuring the fluorescence at excitation of 330nm and the emissions between 350nm and 600nm. Results exhibited significant positive linear relationships between the pteridine accumulations and age of the fly immature. Pteridine determination is a potential new age determination tool that can be used to determine mPMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Roziah
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, WHO Collaborating Centre, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Rosilawati
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, WHO Collaborating Centre, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - W A Nazni
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, WHO Collaborating Centre, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Norazizah
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, WHO Collaborating Centre, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Khairul Asuad
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, WHO Collaborating Centre, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, WHO Collaborating Centre, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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17
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Gharatya A, Lee HL, Peterson S, Verma A. Gastrointestinal malignancy diagnosed at endoscopy – same day staging computed tomography saves time and results in earlier multidisciplinary team decisions. Clin Med (Lond) 2019. [DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.19-2-s81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Siau K, Hodson J, Ingram R, Baxter A, Widlak MM, Sharratt C, Baker GM, Troth T, Hicken B, Tahir F, Magrabi M, Yousaf N, Grant C, Poon D, Khalil H, Lee HL, White JR, Tan H, Samani S, Hooper P, Ahmed S, Amin M, Mahgoub S, Asghar K, Leet F, Harborne MJ, Polewiczowska B, Khan S, Anjum MR, McFarlane M, Mozdiak E, O'Flynn LD, Blee IC, Molyneux RM, Kurian A, Abbas SN, Abbasi A, Karim A, Yasin A, Khattak F, White J, Ahmed R, Morgan JA, Alleyne L, Alam MA, Palaniyappan N, Rodger VJ, Sawhney P, Aslam N, Okeke T, Lawson A, Cheung D, Reid JP, Awasthi A, Anderson MR, Timothy JR, Pattni S, Ahmad S, Townson G, Shearman J, Giljaca V, Brookes MJ, Disney BR, Guha N, Thomas T, Norman A, Wurm P, Shah A, Fisher NC, Ishaq S, Major G. Time to endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: Results from a prospective multicentre trainee-led audit. United European Gastroenterol J 2018; 7:199-209. [PMID: 31080604 DOI: 10.1177/2050640618811491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endoscopy within 24 h of admission (early endoscopy) is a quality standard in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB). We aimed to audit time to endoscopy outcomes and identify factors affecting delayed endoscopy (>24 h of admission). Methods This prospective multicentre audit enrolled patients admitted with AUGIB who underwent inpatient endoscopy between November and December 2017. Analyses were performed to identify factors associated with delayed endoscopy, and to compare patient outcomes, including length of stay and mortality rates, between early and delayed endoscopy groups. Results Across 348 patients from 20 centres, the median time to endoscopy was 21.2 h (IQR 12.0-35.7), comprising median admission to referral and referral to endoscopy times of 8.1 h (IQR 3.7-18.1) and 6.7 h (IQR 3.0-23.1), respectively. Early endoscopy was achieved in 58.9%, although this varied by centre (range: 31.0-87.5%, p = 0.002). On multivariable analysis, lower Glasgow-Blatchford score, delayed referral, admissions between 7:00 and 19:00 hours or via the emergency department were independent predictors of delayed endoscopy. Early endoscopy was associated with reduced length of stay (median difference 1 d; p = 0.004), but not 30-d mortality (p = 0.344). Conclusions The majority of centres did not meet national standards for time to endoscopy. Strategic initiatives involving acute care services may be necessary to improve this outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Siau
- Joint Advisory Group on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Royal College of Physicians, London, UK.,West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - James Hodson
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard Ingram
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Andrew Baxter
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Monika M Widlak
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Caroline Sharratt
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Graham M Baker
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Tom Troth
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Ben Hicken
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Faraz Tahir
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Malik Magrabi
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Nouman Yousaf
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Claire Grant
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Dennis Poon
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Hesham Khalil
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Hui Lin Lee
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Jonathan R White
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Huey Tan
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Syazeddy Samani
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Patricia Hooper
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Muhammad Amin
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Sara Mahgoub
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Khayal Asghar
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Farique Leet
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Matthew J Harborne
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Beata Polewiczowska
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Sheeba Khan
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Muhammad R Anjum
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Michael McFarlane
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Ella Mozdiak
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Lauren D O'Flynn
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Ilona C Blee
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Rachel M Molyneux
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Ashok Kurian
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Syed N Abbas
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Abdullah Abbasi
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Aadil Karim
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Asif Yasin
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Fawad Khattak
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Josephine White
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Ruhina Ahmed
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - James A Morgan
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Lance Alleyne
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Mohamed A Alam
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Naaventhan Palaniyappan
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Victoria J Rodger
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Paramvir Sawhney
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Nasar Aslam
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Theodore Okeke
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Adam Lawson
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Danny Cheung
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Jeremy P Reid
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Ashish Awasthi
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Mark R Anderson
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Joe R Timothy
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Sanjeev Pattni
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Saqib Ahmad
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Gillian Townson
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Jeremy Shearman
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Vanja Giljaca
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Matthew J Brookes
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Ben R Disney
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Neil Guha
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Titus Thomas
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Anthony Norman
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Peter Wurm
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
| | - Ashit Shah
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Neil C Fisher
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Sauid Ishaq
- West Midlands Research in Gastroenterology Group (WMRIG) collaborative, West Midlands, UK
| | - Giles Major
- Gastroenterology Audit and Research Network East Midlands (GARNet) collaborative, East Midlands, UK
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19
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Chen CD, Chin AC, Lau KW, Low VL, Lee HL, Lee PKY, Azidah AA, Sofian-Azirun M. Bioefficacy Evaluation of Commercial Mosquito Coils Containing Metofluthrin, d-Allethrin, d-Trans Allethrin, and Prallethrin Against Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Malaysia. J Med Entomol 2018; 55:1651-1655. [PMID: 30085203 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The bioefficacy of commercial mosquito coils containing four different active ingredients, namely metofluthrin, d-allethrin, d-trans allethrin, and prallethrin against Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) from 10 states in Malaysia, was evaluated using the glass chamber method. In this study, Ae. albopictus exhibited various knockdown rates (50% knockdown time, KT50), ranging from 2.50 to 5.00 min, 2.50 to 7.00 min, 3.00 to 8.00 min, and 5.00 to 17.00 min for metofluthrin, d-trans allethrin, d-allethrin, and prallethrin, respectively. Overall, all strains of Ae. albopictus were most susceptible to metofluthrin, with mortality rates >80%. On the other hand, mortality rates ranging from 5.0 to 100% were observed from all populations exposed to d-trans allethrin, d-allethrin, and prallethrin. In addition, significant correlations between KT50 of metofluthrin and d-allethrin (r = 0.758, P = 0.011), metofluthrin and prallethrin (r = 0.676, P = 0.032), d-allethrin and d-trans allethrin (r = 0.832, P = 0.003), d-allethrin and prallethrin (r = 0.921, P = 0.000), and d-trans allethrin with prallethrin (r = 0.941, P = 0.000) were detected, suggesting some levels of cross-resistance within the pyrethroid insecticides. This study demonstrated that metofluthrin can induce high insecticidal activity in Ae. albopictus in Malaysia, followed by d-trans allethrin, d-allethrin, and prallethrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Chen
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A C Chin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K W Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - V L Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P K Y Lee
- Office of Safety and Health, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A A Azidah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Sofian-Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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20
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Yoo SH, Kwon JH, Nam SW, Kim HY, Kim CW, You CR, Choi SW, Cho SH, Han JY, Song DS, Chang UI, Yang JM, Lee HL, Lee SW, Han NI, Kim SH, Song MJ, Hwang S, Sung PS, Jang JW, Bae SH, Choi JY, Yoon SK. Early development of de novo hepatocellular carcinoma after direct-acting agent therapy: Comparison with pegylated interferon-based therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:1189-1196. [PMID: 29660199 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic hepatitis C who achieve a sustained viral response after pegylated interferon therapy have a reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, but the risk after treatment with direct-acting antivirals is unclear. We compared the rates of early development of hepatocellular carcinoma after direct-acting antivirals and after pegylated interferon therapy. We retrospectively analysed 785 patients with chronic hepatitis C who had no history of hepatocellular carcinoma (211 treated with pegylated interferon, 574 with direct-acting antivirals) and were followed up for at least 24 weeks after antiviral treatment. De novo hepatocellular carcinoma developed in 6 of 574 patients receiving direct-acting antivirals and in 1 of 211 patients receiving pegylated interferon. The cumulative incidence of early hepatocellular carcinoma development did not differ between the treatment groups either for the whole cohort (1.05% vs 0.47%, P = .298) or for those patients with Child-Pugh Class A cirrhosis (3.73% vs 2.94%, P = .827). Multivariate analysis indicated that alpha-fetoprotein level >9.5 ng/mL at the time of end-of-treatment response was the only independent risk factor for early development of hepatocellular carcinoma in all patients (P < .0001, hazard ratio 176.174, 95% confidence interval 10.768-2882.473) and in patients treated with direct-acting agents (P < .0001, hazard ratio 128.402, 95% confidence interval 8.417-1958.680). In conclusion, the rate of early development of hepatocellular carcinoma did not differ between patients treated with pegylated interferon and those treated with direct-acting antivirals and was associated with the serum alpha-fetoprotein level at the time of end-of-treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incehon, Korea.,Catholic University Liver Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incehon, Korea.,Catholic University Liver Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - S W Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incehon, Korea.,Catholic University Liver Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Y Kim
- Catholic University Liver Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - C W Kim
- Catholic University Liver Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - C R You
- Catholic University Liver Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - S W Choi
- Catholic University Liver Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Cho
- Catholic University Liver Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-Y Han
- Catholic University Liver Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - D S Song
- Catholic University Liver Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - U I Chang
- Catholic University Liver Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - J M Yang
- Catholic University Liver Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - H L Lee
- Catholic University Liver Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - S W Lee
- Catholic University Liver Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - N I Han
- Catholic University Liver Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - S-H Kim
- Catholic University Liver Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - M J Song
- Catholic University Liver Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - S Hwang
- Catholic University Liver Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - P S Sung
- Catholic University Liver Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - J W Jang
- Catholic University Liver Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Bae
- Catholic University Liver Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Y Choi
- Catholic University Liver Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - S K Yoon
- Catholic University Liver Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Elia-Amira NMR, Chen CD, Lau KW, Lee HL, Low VL, Norma-Rashid Y, Sofian-Azirun M. Organophosphate and Organochlorine Resistance in Larval Stage of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Sabah, Malaysia. J Econ Entomol 2018; 111:2488-2492. [PMID: 29982497 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the susceptibility status of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) collected from residential areas in Sabah, Malaysia towards eight WHO-recommended dosages of larvicides representing the classes of organophosphates and organochlorines. Field and reference strains of Ae. albopictus larvae were bioassayed in accordance to WHO standard methods using diagnostic dosages of bromophos, malathion, fenthion, fenitrothion, temephos, chlorpyrifos, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and dieldrin. The results revealed that Ae. albopictus was resistant (mortality < 90%) towards malathion, temephos, and DDT. In addition, most of the Ae. albopictus strains exhibited a wide range of susceptibilities against bromophos, with mortality ranged from 49.33 to 93.33%. On the contrary, only dieldrin was able to induce 100% mortality against all strains of Ae. albopictus. Tolerance to fenitrothion, fenthion, and chlorpyrifos, with mortality ranging from 81.33 to 97.33%, was also observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M R Elia-Amira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C D Chen
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K W Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - V L Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Y Norma-Rashid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Sofian-Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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22
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Ho CB, Hsieh K, Chen WY, Lin YT, Chiou JF, Lee HL, Shiah HS. Effective sirolimus treatment for refractory spindle cell haemangioma. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:976-977. [PMID: 29750334 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C B Ho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - K Hsieh
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W Y Chen
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y T Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J F Chiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H L Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H S Shiah
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Lau KW, Chen CD, Lee HL, Low VL, Moh HH, Sofian-Azirun M. Ovitrap surveillance in Sarawak, Malaysia: A comprehensive study. Trop Biomed 2017; 34:795-803. [PMID: 33592948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia This study reports the distribution and abundance of Aedes by using ovitrap surveillance and aims to provide the most recent information on dengue vector distribution in Sarawak State, Malaysia. The ovitrap index (OI) of Aedes larvae was found highest in urban residential area (mean OI = 90.97%), followed by suburban (69.70%), rural (65.45%) and remote (52.63%) residential areas. The mean number of Aedes larvae per ovitrap was also found to be significantly highest in urban residential area (26.47 ± 1.62) compared to other type of residential areas (p<0.05). Interestingly, no Aedes aegypti was observed in this study, but two species of Armigeres were found co-breeding with Ae. albopictus. This study reveals that Ae. albopictus is the dominant dengue vector in Sarawak State and all the surveyed residential areas are in risk of dengue transmission with OI > 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C D Chen
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - V L Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H H Moh
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Sofian-Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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24
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Chin AC, Chen CD, Low VL, Lee HL, Azidah AA, Lau KW, Sofian-Azirun M. Comparative Efficacy of Commercial Mosquito Coils Against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Malaysia: A Nationwide Report. J Econ Entomol 2017; 110:2247-2251. [PMID: 29048583 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted using the glass chamber method to determine the susceptibility status of the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti (L.) from 11 states in Malaysia to commercial mosquito coils containing four different active ingredients, namely metofluthrin, d-allethrin, d-trans allethrin, and prallethrin. Aedes aegypti exhibited various knockdown rates, ranging from 14.44% to 100.00%, 0.00% to 61.67%, 0.00% to 90.00%, and 0.00% to 13.33% for metofluthrin, d-allethrin, d-trans allethrin, and prallethrin, respectively. Overall, mortality rates ranging from 0.00% to 78.33% were also observed among all populations. Additionally, significant associations were detected between the knockdown rates of metofluthrin and d-allethrin, and between metofluthrin and d-trans allethrin, suggesting the occurrence of cross-resistance within pyrethroid insecticides. Overall, this study revealed low insecticidal activity of mosquito coils against Ae. aegypti populations in Malaysia, and consequently may provide minimal personal protection against mosquito bites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Chin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - C D Chen
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - V L Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, 50588, Malaysia
| | - A A Azidah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - K W Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - M Sofian-Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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25
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Wan-Norafikah O, Lee HL, Loke SR, Andy-Tan WA, Lau KW, Sofian-Azirun M, Azidah AA, Nor-Azlin MR, Chen CD. Simulated field study on the efficacy of the thermal application of a synergized pyrethroid formulation against Aedes aegypti (Linn.) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say. Trop Biomed 2017; 34:471-477. [PMID: 33593031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thermal application of a synergized pyrethroid formulation containing 0.8% w/w sbioallethrin, 18.7% w/w permethrin and 16.8% w/w piperonyl butoxide was performed to evaluate its efficacy against adult and larva of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Three cages each containing 15 mosquitoes and paper cups each containing 25 larvae in 250 ml of water were deployed at each test point between 3 and 20 feet. The formulation was diluted (formulation:water) 1:33, 1:50 and 1:100, respectively, and applied using a thermal fogger. Sixty minutes post spraying, the adult knock down rate of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus at a maximum distance of 15 feet using all dilution ratios ranged from 96.67 - 100% and 43.33 - 100%, respectively. More than 70.00% adult mortalities were recorded for both mosquito species at the distance between 3 feet and 15 feet 24 hours post spraying. In contrast, complete larval mortalities of Ae. aegypti were obtained at a maximum distance of 10 feet with dilution ratio of 1:33, while more than 80.00% larval mortalities were observed for Cx. quinquefasciatus at similar maximum distance using all dilution ratios. These results showed that thermal application using synergized pyrethroid formulation was effective against both mosquito species tested especially the adult stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Wan-Norafikah
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- HW CoRe, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S R Loke
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - W A Andy-Tan
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K W Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Sofian-Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A A Azidah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M R Nor-Azlin
- Sustainability Science Research Cluster, Institute of Research Management and Monitoring, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C D Chen
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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26
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Chen CD, Wan-Norafikah O, Nurin-Zulkifli IM, Lee HL, Faezah K, Izzul AA, Abdullah AG, Lau KW, Norma-Rashid Y, Sofian-Azirun M. Biting behaviour of medically important mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Peninsular Malaysia. Trop Biomed 2017; 34:199-211. [PMID: 33592999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Human-landing catch (HLC) technique was undertaken in nine selected study sites within Peninsular Malaysia to determine the biting cycle of Aedes, Armigeres, Culex, and Mansonia mosquitoes. HLC was conducted 24 hours on three different nights in a duration of one week at each study site. Aedes albopictus were found in all study sites with bimodal biting cycle, whereas the biting peak of Aedes butleri was recorded between 1600 and 1900 hr. For Armigeres, five study sites demonstrated similar biting peak hour (1900 - 2000 hr) for Ar. kesseli four study sites showed biting peak at 1800 - 1900 hr for Ar. subalbatus. Culex quinquefasciatus was collected from all study sites except in Sungai Penchala with its biting activity beginning from 1900 hr. Both Mansonia annulifera and Mansonia uniformis captured in two different study sites showed similar biting peaks (1500 - 1600 hr). It is recommended that vector control activities be carried out at dusk as almost all mosquito species captured started their biting activities at that time.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Chen
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - O Wan-Norafikah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- HW CoRe, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - I M Nurin-Zulkifli
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Utilization of Agrobiodiversity Resources Programme, Agrobiodiversity and Environment Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Mardi Headquarters, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit, WHO Collaborating Center for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K Faezah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A A Izzul
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A G Abdullah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K W Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Y Norma-Rashid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Sofian-Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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27
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of surgery for acute patellar dislocation without osteochondral fracture is controversial. The aim of this study was to report the short-term results of management of patellar dislocation in our institute. METHODS Patients who were seen in our institution with patella dislocation from January 2011 to April 2014 were managed according to a standardised management algorithm. Pretreatment and 1-year post-treatment International Knee Documentation Committee score, Tegner activity level scale score, and presence of apprehension sign were analysed. RESULTS A total of 41 patients were studied of whom 20 were first-time dislocators and 21 were recurrent dislocators. Among the first-time dislocators, there was a significant difference between patients who received conservative treatment versus surgical management. The conservative treatment group had a 33% recurrent dislocation rate, whereas there were no recurrent dislocations in the surgery group. There was no difference in Tegner activity level scale score or apprehension sign before and 1 year after treatment, however. Among the recurrent dislocators, there was a significant difference between those who received conservative treatment and those who underwent surgery. The recurrent dislocation rate was 71% in the conservative treatment group versus 0% in the surgery group. There was also significant improvement in International Knee Documentation Committee score from 67.7 to 80.0 (P=0.02), and of apprehension sign from 62% to 0% (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS A management algorithm for patellar dislocation is described. Surgery is preferable to conservative treatment in patients who have recurrent patellar dislocation, and may also be preferable for those who have an acute dislocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Lee
- Division of Sports and Arthroscopic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - W P Yau
- Division of Sports and Arthroscopic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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Wan-Norafikah O, Lee HL, Norazizah A, Mohamad-Hafiz A. Repellency effects of an ozone-producing air purifier against medically important insect vectors. Trop Biomed 2016; 33:396-402. [PMID: 33579110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An indoor ozone-producing air purifier was evaluated for its repellency effects on Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Musca domestica and Periplaneta americana adults using a modified tunnel cage. The first set of testing consisted of both bait and the air purifier, whereas only bait was offered in the second testing set. The highest percent repellency was recorded among Cx. quinquefasciatus (83.23%) while Ae. aegypti (68.56%) was the least repelled by the air purifier tested. No mortality was observed in all testings. These results illustrated the potential use of the ozone-producing air purifier as a personal protection insect repellent device in premises. Nevertheless, in order to prevent dengue infection which is transmitted by both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, ozone-producing air purifier should be utilized concurrently with other vector control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Wan-Norafikah
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- HW CoRe, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit and WHO Collaborating Centre for Vectors, Infectious Diseases Research Centre (IDRC), Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Norazizah
- Medical Entomology Unit and WHO Collaborating Centre for Vectors, Infectious Diseases Research Centre (IDRC), Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Mohamad-Hafiz
- Medical Entomology Unit and WHO Collaborating Centre for Vectors, Infectious Diseases Research Centre (IDRC), Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
Background & objectives: Wolbachia-based vector control strategies have been proposed as a mean to augment the existing measures for controlling dengue vector. Prior to utilizing Wolbachia in novel vector control strategies, it is crucial to understand the Wolbachia-mosquito interactions. Many studies have only focused on the prevalence of Wolbachia in female Aedes albopictus with lack of attention on Wolbachia infection on the male Ae. albopictus which also affects the effective expression of Wolbachia induced- cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). In this study, field surveys were conducted to screen for the infection status of Wolbachia in female and male Ae. albopictus from various habitats including housing areas, islands and seashore. Methods: Adult Ae. albopictus (n=104) were collected using human landing catches and hand aspirator. Standard ovitraps were also set in the selected areas for five days and the larvae were identified to species level. All the collected Ae. albopictus were screened for the presence of Wolbachia using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencing of Wolbachia surface protein (wsp) gene. Results: A 100 per cent positivity of Wolbachia infection was observed for individual Ae. albopictus screened. For pooled mosquitoes, 73 of the 76 pools (female) and 83 of the 87 pools (male) were positive with Wolbachia infection. The wsp gene sequence of the Wolbachia strain isolated from individual and pooled mosquitoes showed a 100 per cent homology with Wolbachia sp. of Ae. albopictus isolated from various geographical regions. Phylogenetic analysis based on wsp gene fragments showed that the isolates were clustered into groups A and B, respectively. Interpretation & conclusions: The results indicated that Wolbachia infection was widespread in Ae. albopictus population both in female and male Ae. albopictus. All the infected females were superinfected with both A and B strains while the infected males showed a combination of superinfection of A and B strains and single infection of B strain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tan SB, Nazni WA, Misni S, Zuraini Z, Lee HL. Effects of vitamin B fortified sucrose solution on the longevity and reproductive potentials of laboratory-bred Culex quinquefasciatus Say adult. Trop Biomed 2016; 33:141-148. [PMID: 33579151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory colonised mosquitoes are usually maintained on vitamin B complex fortified sucrose solution, however only few studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of such practice. This study aimed to determine the effects of different concentrations of sucrose solution fortified with and without 1% vitamin B complex on the longevity and reproductive potential of adult female of a local strain of Culex quinquefasciatus Say. Two arms of studies were carried out separately and each arm was triplicated. In one arm, concentrations of sucrose solution at 0%, 1%, 3%, 5% and 10% fortified with 1% Vitamin B complex were fed to the mosquitoes, while in the other arm, similar sucrose concentrations were used but without 1% vitamin B complex. Adult Cx. quinquefasciatus maintained on 5% sucrose solution fortified with 1% vitamin B complex exhibited significant extended vitality and longevity in stimulating ovarian development, compared with other vitamin fortified sucrose concentrations (p<0.05). The vitality and longevity of F0 and F1 males were 76.67±2.19 days and 57.67±8.19 days respectively. The F0 females survived the longest duration of 107.67±5.61 days and the F1 females survived 90.67±12.47 days with higher number of eggs laid, i.e. 1427.67±62.89 eggs at a higher hatchability rate of 57.05±8.39% or 814.49 eggs hatched. Thus, 5% sucrose solution fortified with 1% Vitamin B complex should be used to produce colonies of homogenous mosquitoes as this exerts positive biological effects on laboratory-bred Cx. quinquefasciatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Tan
- Medical Entomology Unit/WHO Collaborating Centre for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - W A Nazni
- Medical Entomology Unit/WHO Collaborating Centre for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Misni
- School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Z Zuraini
- School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit/WHO Collaborating Centre for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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31
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Mansor SM, Haninah UA, Lacroix R, Angamuthu C, Ravindran T, Seshadri VS, Sekaran DS, Lee HL, Murad S, Nam WS, Alphey L, Nazni WA. Similar vertical transmission rates of dengue and chikungunya viruses in a transgenic and a non-transformed Aedes aegypti (L.) laboratory strain. Trop Biomed 2016; 33:120-134. [PMID: 33579149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increase of the burden of dengue and chikungunya and the relative failure of traditional vector control strategies have highlighted the need to develop new control methods. RIDL-SIT, a vector control method based on the release of engineered male mosquitoes, has shown promising results from field trials conducted in the Cayman Islands and Brazil. In large scale use, a small proportion of females might be released along with the males. Such females are potential virus vectors; here we investigate the vertical transmission of dengue and chikungunya of homozygous OX513A females.We provided females of OX513A-My1 and a wild type comparator strain with blood meals artificially infected with dengue serotype 1, 2, 3, 4 or chikungunya viruses. For 14 days post-feeding, eggs laid by females were collected. Larvae and their mothers were first tested by qRT-PCR, then by inoculation on cell cultures to search for infectious viral particles. We found no significant difference between the minimum infection rate of OX513A-My1 and wild type females. We also discussed the potential number of females being released, a fraction of the female wild population. Consequently, we conclude that there are no evidence that OX513A-My females, if released into the environment, would cause more harm than their wild counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Mansor
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak D.R., Malaysia
| | - Ummu A Haninah
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Lacroix
- Oxitec Ltd., 71 Innovation Drive, Abingdon, OX14 4RQ, United Kingdom
| | - C Angamuthu
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak D.R., Malaysia
| | - T Ravindran
- Virology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Vasan S Seshadri
- Oxitec Ltd., 71 Innovation Drive, Abingdon, OX14 4RQ, United Kingdom
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Puducherry, 605 006, India
| | - Devi Shamala Sekaran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Murad
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - W S Nam
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak D.R., Malaysia
| | - L Alphey
- Oxitec Ltd., 71 Innovation Drive, Abingdon, OX14 4RQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, The Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, United Kingdom
| | - W A Nazni
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Lau KW, Chen CD, Lee HL, Sofian-Azirun M. Evaluation of insect growth regulators, temephos and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis against Aedes aegypti (L) in plastic containers. Trop Biomed 2015; 32:684-692. [PMID: 33557459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The residual activities of 5 insect growth regulators (IGRs) were studied and compared to operational dosage of temephos (1 mg/L) and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) (0.008 mg/L). The IGRs, temephos and Bti were applied into plastic containers containing 5 litres of water. Thirty Aedes aegypti larvae were added into each container weekly. Efficacy of these IGRs were evaluated for effective duration of each dosage and the percentage of emergence inhibition (EI). An end-point of EI/mortality ≥ 50% was considered to be effective. Pyriproxyfen possessed the longest residual activity in both indoor (43 weeks) and outdoor (26 weeks) conditions, followed by temephos (26 weeks in indoor and 16 weeks in outdoor). Although the residual activity of Bti in indoor lasted 8 weeks which was longer than cyromazine and diflubenzuron; however, it was least effective in outdoor which only lasted 2 weeks. This study revealed that pyriproxyfen possessed good residual effect among test IGRs compared to temephos and Bti. The use of IGRs can be an alternative long-term control measure in stagnant water body.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C D Chen
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit, WHO Collaborating Center for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Sofian-Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Afizah AN, Mahirah MN, Azahari AH, Asuad MK, Nazni WA, Lee HL. ABSENCE OF AEDES AEGYPTI (L.) ON AN ECOLOGICAL ISLAND: COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION? Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2015; 46:850-856. [PMID: 26863856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ovitrap surveillance was conducted in 2012 and 2006 in Malay and Aboriginal Villages on Carey Island. In each village, standard ovitraps were placed indoors and outdoors at randomly selected houses/locations. All L3 larvae recovered were identified up to species level. Results demonstrated that only larvae of Aedes albopictus were found in all the positive ovitraps placed indoors and outdoors. In 2012, a high ovitrap index (OI) of 66.7% indoor and 84.0% outdoor in the Malay Village; and 62.5% indoor and 88.0% outdoor in Aboriginal Village with an apparent absence of Aedes aegypti. In 2006, a 100% OI was recorded in all ovitraps set indoors and outdoors in both villages.
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Nurin-Zulkifli IM, Chen CD, Wan-Norafikah O, Lee HL, Faezah K, Izzul AA, Abdullah AG, Lau KW, Norma-Rashid Y, Sofian-Azirun M. TEMPORAL CHANGES OF AEDES AND ARMIGERES POPULATIONS IN SUBURBAN AND FORESTED AREAS IN MALAYSIA. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2015; 46:574-585. [PMID: 26867376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Surveillance of mosquitoes and their distribution in association with rainfall, relative humidity, and temperature were conducted in selected suburban and forested areas, namely, Sungai Penchala (Kuala Lumpur) and Taman Alam (Selangor) for 12 months. Armigeres kesseli was the most abundant species in Sungai Penchala while Aedes butleri was the most dominant species in Taman Alam. A positive correlation between mosquito distribution and rainfall was observed in selected mosquito species in Sungai Penchala (Armigeres kesseli, r = 0.75; Armigeres subalbatus, r = 0.62; and Aedes albopictus, r = 0.65) and Taman Alam (Armigeres sp, r = 0.59; Ae. butleri, r = 0.85; and Ae. albopictus, r = 0.62). However, no significant cor- relation was found either between selected mosquito species in both study areas and relative humidity or temperature. Results obtained suggested that vector control programs to be conducted based on temporal distribution of vectors in order to achieve beneficial outcomes with effective costing.
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Loke SR, Sing KW, Teoh GN, Lee HL. Evaluation of Sumithion L-40 against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus Skuse. Trop Biomed 2015; 32:76-83. [PMID: 25801256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Space spraying of chemical insecticides is still an important mean of controlling Aedes mosquitoes and dengue transmission. For this purpose, the bioefficacy of space-sprayed chemical insecticide should be evaluated from time to time. A simulation field trial was conducted outdoor in an open field and indoor in unoccupied flat units in Kuala Lumpur, to evaluate the adulticidal and larvicidal effects of Sumithion L-40, a ULV formulation of fenitrothion. A thermal fogger with a discharge rate of 240 ml/min was used to disperse Sumithion L-40 at 3 different dosages (350 ml/ha, 500 ml/ha, 750 ml/ha) against lab-bred larvae and adult female Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. An average of more than 80% adult mortality was achieved for outdoor space spray, and 100% adult mortality for indoor space spray, in all tested dosages. Outdoor larvicidal effect was noted up to 14 days and 7 days at a dosage of 500 and 750 ml/ha for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, respectively. Indoor larvicidal effect was up to 21 days (500 ml/ha) and 14 days (750 ml/ha), respectively, after spraying with larval mortality > 50% against Ae. aegypti. This study concluded that the effective dosage of Sumithion L-40 thermally applied against adult Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus indoor and outdoor is 500 and 750 ml/ha. Based on these dosages, effective indoor spray volume is 0.4 - 0.6 ml/m³. Additional indoor and outdoor larvicidal effect will be observed at these application dosages, in addition to adult mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Loke
- Agricultural Chemicals (M) Sdn. Bhd., 962, Lrg. Perusahaan 8, Tmn. Perindustrian Perai, 13600 Perai, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - K W Sing
- Museum of Zoology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - G N Teoh
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Rozilawati H, Tanaselvi K, Nazni WA, Mohd Masri S, Zairi J, Adanan CR, Lee HL. Surveillance of Aedes albopictus Skuse breeding preference in selected dengue outbreak localities, peninsular Malaysia. Trop Biomed 2015; 32:49-64. [PMID: 25801254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Entomological surveillance was conducted in order to determine the abundance and to evaluate any changes of biological vectors or ecology, especially in the dengue outbreak areas. The abundance and breeding preference of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti were conducted in selected dengue outbreak localities in three states of peninsular Malaysia namely Selangor, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, and Penang Island using ovitraps and larval survey method. It was determined that Ae. albopictus was predominant in most of the localities and found to breed more outdoor than indoor. A wide range of breeding foci were recorded in this study. It was also determined that ovitrap method was more effective to detect the presence of Aedes mosquitoes when the larval survey was at low rate of infestation. The abundance of Ae. albopictus in dengue outbreak localities emphasis that the vector control programme should also target this species together with the primary dengue vector, Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rozilawati
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K Tanaselvi
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - W A Nazni
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Mohd Masri
- Strategic Resource Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research Development Institute, PO Box 12301, 50744 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J Zairi
- Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11 800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - C R Adanan
- Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11 800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Rohani A, Aidil Azahary AR, Malinda M, Zurainee MN, Rozilawati H, Wan Najdah WMA, Lee HL. Eco-virological survey of Aedes mosquito larvae in selected dengue outbreak areas in Malaysia. J Vector Borne Dis 2014; 51:327-332. [PMID: 25540966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVESI: Transovarial transmission of dengue virus in the Aedes vectors is now a well-documented phenomenon reported from many parts of the endemic areas in the world, which played an important role in initiating and maintaining the outbreak in human populations. This study investigated the factors affecting breeding habitats and the relationship with transovarial dengue virus in larvae of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. METHODS Larval surveillance was conducted in dengue outbreak areas in Malaysia from 2008 until 2009. Sampling was carried out based on habitat type, water condition (substrate type), canopy coverage, temperature and pH at breeding habitats. RT-PCR was performed to detect presence of transovarial dengue virus in larvae collected in the study areas. RESULTS A total of 789 breeding habitats were identified during this study and the majority of these breeding sites were plastic containers (57.46%). Aedes albopictus dominated most of the water condition surveyed, while Ae. aegypti indicated preference toward habitats with clear water. Aedes aegypti was selective in selecting ovipositional sites compared to Ae. albopictus where shaded areas were shown to be the most preferred. From a total of 363 mosquito larvae pools, 23 (6.3%) pools were positive for dengue virus where 18 of them were from Ae. albopictus and five were from Ae. aegypti mosquito larvae pools. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION This study indicated the presence of transovarial transmission of dengue virus in immature Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in the field. This study also showed that combination of water conditions, canopy coverage, temperature and pH of breeding habitats were the factors affecting the larval population. The study suggested that larval survey programme could serve as a tool not only to monitor the local dengue vector distribution but also to provide objective information for taking appropriate action by the community against dengue vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rohani
- Medical Entomology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Rosilawati R, Baharudin O, Syamsa RA, Lee HL, Nazni WA. Effects of preservatives and killing methods on morphological features of a forensic fly, Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) larva. Trop Biomed 2014; 31:785-791. [PMID: 25776605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Preservation of larvae retrieved from cadavers is important in ensuring the quality and integrity of entomological specimens used for the estimation of post-mortem interval (PMI). The process of killing and preserving larvae could distort the larvae leading to inaccurate estimation of PMI. In this study, the effects of killing Chrysomya megacephala larvae with hot water at different temperatures and subsequent maintenance in various preservatives were determined. Larvae not killed by hot water but preserved directly were used as control. The types of preservative used were 10% formalin, 70% ethanol and Kahle's solution. The morphological features examined were length, turgidity, curvature and coloration of larvae. Larvae killed in 80ºC hot water have shorter mean length (12.47 ± 2.86 mm) compared to those in 60ºC hot water (12.95 ± 2.69 mm). Increasing the duration of preservation in all types of preservative caused elongations of larvae treated or untreated with hot water. There were no significant changes in larval turgidity preserved in Kahle's solution compared to other two preservatives and were unaffected by the duration of storage. Larvae preserved in Kahle's solution experienced the least changes in coloration and shape compared to other preserved larvae in 70% ethanol or 10% formalin. Larvae directly immersed alive in 70% ethanol experienced the most changes in curvature, coloration and turgidity. This study suggested that killing larvae with hot water at 80ºC and preservation in Kahle's solution is the optimum method resulting in least changes in morphological features of Ch. megacephala larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rosilawati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - O Baharudin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R A Syamsa
- Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur
| | - W A Nazni
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur
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Lee HL, Ho WY, Lam YL, Ng TP, Li KH, Shek T, Mak KL, Fong ST, So YC, Ngan RKC, Lau PPL, Chan ACL. Prognostic factors associated with clear cell sarcoma in 14 Chinese patients. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2014; 22:236-9. [PMID: 25163964 DOI: 10.1177/230949901402200226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE. To identify prognostic factors associated with clear cell sarcomas in 14 Chinese patients. METHODS. Medical records of 7 men and 7 women (mean age, 36 years) with histologically confirmed clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses were reviewed. Patient demographics, tumour characteristics, and treatment modalities were retrieved. Prognostic factors associated with favourable 5-year survival were determined. RESULTS. The most affected sites were the thigh (n=5) and the foot (n=4); the mean time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 9.5 months. The tumour stage at diagnosis was IIA in 8 patients, IIB in 2, and III in 4. The mean tumour size was 4.5 cm in diameter. One patient was lost to follow-up. For the remaining 13 patients, the mean time to disease-related mortality was 2.5 years. Nine patients had distant metastases; the most common sites were lungs and pleura (n=7), followed by distant lymph nodes (n=4), bone (n=2), pericardium (n=2), and brain (n=1). All patients underwent surgical excision. Three women and one man (mean age, 27 years) attained 5-year disease-free survival. All had stage IIA tumours at diagnosis. Their mean tumour size was 1.75 cm in diameter, which was significantly smaller than that of all patients (4.5 cm). Tumour size of ≤ 2.5 cm in diameter (p=0.004) and stage IIA tumour at diagnosis (p=0.04) were significant prognostic factors for 5-year survival. CONCLUSION. Tumour size of ≤ 2.5 cm and early stage tumour are associated with 5-year disease-free survival. Early detection is crucial for the prognosis of clear cell sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - W Y Ho
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Y L Lam
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - T P Ng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K H Li
- Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - T Shek
- Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K L Mak
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - S T Fong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Y C So
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - R K C Ngan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - P P L Lau
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - A C L Chan
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
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Chen CD, Nazni WA, Lee HL, Hashim R, Abdullah NA, Ramli R, Lau KW, Heo CC, Goh TG, Izzul AA, Sofian-Azirun M. A preliminary report on ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) recovered from forensic entomological studies conducted in different ecological habitats in Malaysia. Trop Biomed 2014; 31:381-386. [PMID: 25134909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study reported the ant species that were recovered from monkey carcasses in three different ecological habitats in Malaysia. The study was conducted from 9 May - 10 October 2007, 6 May - 6 August 2008 and 26 May - 14 July 2009 in forested area (Gombak, Selangor), coastal area (Tanjong Sepat, Selangor) and highland area (Bukit Cincin, Pahang), respectively. Monkey carcass was used as a model for human decomposition in this study. A total of 4 replicates were used in each of the study sites. Ants were observed to prey on eggs, larvae, pupae and newly emerged flies. This study found that ant species could be found at all stages of decomposition, indicating that ants were not a significant indicator for faunal succession. However, different species of ants were obtained from monkey carcasses placed in different ecological habitats. Cardiocondyla sp. was only found on carcasses placed in the coastal area; while Pheidole longipes, Hypoponera sp. and Pachycondyla sp. were solely found on carcasses placed in the highland area. On the other hand, Pheidologeton diversus and Paratrechina longicornis were found in several ecological habitats. These data suggests that specific ant species can act as geographic indicators for different ecological habitats in forensic entomology cases in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Chen
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - W A Nazni
- Medical Entomology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Hashim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N A Abdullah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Ramli
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K W Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C C Heo
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - T G Goh
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A A Izzul
- Medical Entomology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Sofian-Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Low VL, Lim PE, Chen CD, Lim YAL, Tan TK, Norma-Rashid Y, Lee HL, Sofian-Azirun M. Mitochondrial DNA analyses reveal low genetic diversity in Culex quinquefasciatus from residential areas in Malaysia. Med Vet Entomol 2014; 28:157-168. [PMID: 23848279 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored the intraspecific genetic diversity, dispersal patterns and phylogeographic relationships of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) in Malaysia using reference data available in GenBank in order to reveal this species' phylogenetic relationships. A statistical parsimony network of 70 taxa aligned as 624 characters of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and 685 characters of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COII) gene revealed three haplotypes (A1-A3) and four haplotypes (B1-B4), respectively. The concatenated sequences of both COI and COII genes with a total of 1309 characters revealed seven haplotypes (AB1-AB7). Analysis using tcs indicated that haplotype AB1 was the common ancestor and the most widespread haplotype in Malaysia. The genetic distance based on concatenated sequences of both COI and COII genes ranged from 0.00076 to 0.00229. Sequence alignment of Cx. quinquefasciatus from Malaysia and other countries revealed four haplotypes (AA1-AA4) by the COI gene and nine haplotypes (BB1-BB9) by the COII gene. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that Malaysian Cx. quinquefasciatus share the same genetic lineage as East African and Asian Cx. quinquefasciatus. This study has inferred the genetic lineages, dispersal patterns and hypothetical ancestral genotypes of Cx. quinquefasciatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Low
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Rohani A, Aziz I, Zurainee MN, Rohana SH, Zamree I, Lee HL. Current insecticide susceptibility status of Malaysian Anopheles maculatus Theobald to malathion, permethrin, DDT and deltamethrin. Trop Biomed 2014; 31:159-165. [PMID: 24862056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemical insecticides are still considered as important control agents for malaria vector control. However, prolonged use of these chemicals may select mosquito vectors for resistance. In this study, susceptibility status of adult Anopheles maculatus collected from 9 localities in peninsular Malaysia, viz., Jeli, Temerloh, Pos Banun, Senderut, Jeram Kedah, Segamat, Kota Tinggi, Kluang and Pos Lenjang were determined using the standard WHO bioassay method in which the adult mosquitoes were exposed to standard insecticide impregnated papers malathion, permethrin, DDT and deltamethrin--at pre-determined diagnostic dosage. Deltamethrin was most effective insecticide among the four insecticides tested, with the LT50 of 29.53 min, compared to malathion (31.67 min), DDT (47.76 min) and permethrin (48.01 min). The effect of all insecticides on the laboratory strain was greater (with all insecticides demonstrated LT50 < 1 hour) than the field strains (deltamethrin 32.7, malathion 53.0, permethrin 62.0, DDT 67.4 min). An. maculatus exhibited low degree of resistance to all test insecticides, indicating that these chemical insecticides are still effective in the control of malaria vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rohani
- Medical Entomology Unit, IDRC, Institute for Medical Research, 50588 Kuala Lumpur
| | - I Aziz
- Medical Entomology Unit, IDRC, Institute for Medical Research, 50588 Kuala Lumpur
| | - M N Zurainee
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S H Rohana
- Medical Entomology Unit, IDRC, Institute for Medical Research, 50588 Kuala Lumpur
| | - I Zamree
- Medical Entomology Unit, IDRC, Institute for Medical Research, 50588 Kuala Lumpur
| | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit, IDRC, Institute for Medical Research, 50588 Kuala Lumpur
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Teh CH, Nazni WA, Lee HL, Fairuz A, Tan SB, Sofian-Azirun M. In vitro antibacterial activity and physicochemical properties of a crude methanol extract of the larvae of the blow fly Lucilia cuprina. Med Vet Entomol 2013; 27:414-420. [PMID: 23650928 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains has prompted the reintroduction of maggot therapy in the treatment of chronic, infected wounds. Many previous studies have demonstrated the potent antibacterial activity of larval excretions/secretions of the blowfly Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera:Calliphoridae) against bacteria. However, the antibacterial activity of its sibling species, Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera:Calliphoridae) against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria has never been determined. The aim of this study was to develop a new procedure to produce whole body extract of larvae of L. cuprina via methanol extraction as well as to demonstrate the in vitro antibacterial activity of this extract against seven selected wound pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli). The turbidimetric assay demonstrated that L. cuprina larval extract was significantly potent against all bacteria tested (P < 0.001). Additionally, colony-forming unit (CFU), agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration assays have confirmed the apparent potency of larval extract against P. aeruginosa. The reconstituted larval extract was highly robust and thermally stable. These observations substantiated the feasibility of the methanol extraction method in the production of larval extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Teh
- Method and Statistics Section, Institute for Public Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine optimal perioperative antithrombotic management for patients with cardiac diseases undergoing joint replacement surgeries. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE and PubMed database search up to January 2013. STUDY SELECTION Those dealing with perioperative antithrombotic management of patients undergoing orthopaedic operations, especially joint replacement, and also those undergoing general surgery. Various combinations of the following key words were used in our search: "antiplatelet", "antithrombotic", "anticoagulant", "coronary stent", "perioperative", "venous thromboembolism", "cardiovascular", "surgery", "orthopaedic", "knee replacement", "hip replacement", "joint replacement", and "arthroplasty". DATA EXTRACTION Literature review, original articles, and best practice guidelines. DATA SYNTHESIS Patients should be stratified according to their risk of developing arterial thromboembolism in order to decide the most appropriate perioperative antiplatelet or anticoagulant regimen for them. After recent coronary stenting, including bare-metal stents implanted within 6 weeks and drug-eluting stents implanted within 6 months, surgery should be deferred. For venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients already on aspirin, the dosage should be adjusted as necessary or additional low-molecular-weight heparin administered. CONCLUSION The perioperative management of patients with cardiac diseases in receipt of antithrombotic agents is based upon a delicate balance between the perceived risk of arterial thromboembolism and the perceived risk of perioperative bleeding. One must exercise good judgement in deciding the most appropriate perioperative antithrombotic regimen. Venous thromboembolism is also a common problem after joint replacement surgeries. For patients already on aspirin, optimal venous thromboembolism prophylaxis is still being debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Low VL, Chen CD, Lim PE, Lee HL, Tan TK, Lim YAL, Sofian-Azirun M. First molecular genotyping of voltage gated sodium channel alleles in Culex quinquefasciatus populations in Malaysia. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2013; 107:127-131. [PMID: 25149246 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A nationwide investigation was performed to detect the presence of 1014 mutation(s) in voltage gated sodium channel (kdr) gene of Culex quinquefasciatus from 14 residential areas across 13 states and a federal territory in Malaysia. Molecular genotyping of kdr mutation was performed via a modified three tubes allele-specific-polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) and direct sequencing of kdr gene. Based on the results of AS-PCR, homozygous susceptible (SS) genotype was found in nine out of 14 populations with 38 individuals from a total sample size of 140. Heterozygous (RS) genotype was most predominant (99 individuals) and distributed across all study sites. Homozygous resistance (RR) genotype was detected in Perak (one individual) and Selangor (two individuals). The resistance kdr allele frequencies ranged from 0.1 to 0.55, with the highest being detected in Cx. quinquefasciatus population from Selangor. This study has documented the first field-evolved instance of 1014F mutation in Malaysian mosquitoes and the findings of this study could be utilized in the implementation of strategic measures in vector control programs in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Low
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - C D Chen
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P E Lim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - T K Tan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yvonne A L Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Sofian-Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chen CD, Nazni WA, Lee HL, Norma-Rashid Y, Lardizabal ML, Sofian-Azirun M. Temephos resistance in field Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) from Selangor, Malaysia. Trop Biomed 2013; 30:220-230. [PMID: 23959487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Larvae of Aedes albopictus obtained from dengue endemic areas in Selangor, Malaysia were evaluated for their susceptibility to operational dosage of temephos (1 mg/L). Larval bioassays were carried out in accordance to modified WHO standard methods. Biochemical microassay of enzymes in Ae. albopictus was conducted to detect the emergence of insecticide resistance and to define the mechanisms involved in temephos resistance. The 50% mortality lethal time (LT50) for Ae. albopictus tested against temephos ranged between 58.65 to 112.50 minutes, with resistance ratio ranging from 0.75 - 1.45. This study addressed the fluctuation of time-related susceptibility status of Ae. albopictus towards insecticide. Significant difference on the weekly enzyme levels of non-specific esterases, mixed function oxidases and glutathione S-transferases was detected (p ≤ 0.05). No significant correlation was found between temephos resistance and enzyme activity (p > 0.05). Only glutathione S-transferases displayed high level of activity, indicating that Ae. albopictus may be resistant to other groups of insecticide. The insensitive acetylcholinesterase was detected in some field collected Ae. albopictus populations, indicating the possibility of emergence of carbamate or other organophosphate resistance in the field populations. Continuous resistance monitoring should be conducted regularly to confirm the efficacy of insecticides for dengue control.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Chen
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Park KH, Choi OJ, Lee HL, Shin ES, Kim GS, Lee IK, Jung SI, Cho BH, Kim HB. P223: The impact of reminder program on catheter-related blood stream infection rates in an intensive care unit in single center of korea. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2013. [PMCID: PMC3688141 DOI: 10.1186/2047-2994-2-s1-p223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Kavitha R, Tan TC, Lee HL, Nazni WA, Sofian AM. Molecular identification of Malaysian Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) and Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) using life stage specific mitochondrial DNA. Trop Biomed 2013; 30:211-219. [PMID: 23959486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
DNA identification of blow fly species can be a very useful tool in forensic entomology. One of the potential benefits that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has offered in the field of forensic entomology is species determination. Conventional identification methods have limitations for sibling and closely related species of blow fly and stage and quality of the specimen used. This could be overcome by DNA-based identification methods using mitochondrial DNA which does not demand intact or undamaged specimens. Mitochondrial DNA is usually isolated from whole blow fly and legs. Alternate sources for mitochondrial DNA isolation namely, egg, larva, puparium and empty puparium were explored in this study. The sequence of DNA obtained for each sample for every life cycle stage was 100% identical for a particular species, indicating that the egg, 1st instar, 2nd instar, 3rd instar, pupa, empty puparium and adult from the same species and obtained from same generation will exhibit similar DNA sequences. The present study also highlighted the usefulness of collecting all life cycle stages of blow fly during crime scene investigation with proper preservation and subsequent molecular analysis. Molecular identification provides a strong basis for species identification and will prove an invaluable contribution to forensic entomology as an investigative tool in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kavitha
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Kavitha R, Tan TC, Lee HL, Nazni WA, Sofian-Azirun M. DNA typing of Calliphorids collected from human corpses in Malaysia. Trop Biomed 2013; 30:119-124. [PMID: 23665717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Estimation of post-mortem interval (PMI) is crucial for time of death determination. The advent of DNA-based identification techniques forensic entomology saw the beginning of a proliferation of molecular studies into forensically important Calliphoridae (Diptera). The use of DNA to characterise morphologically indistinguishable immature calliphorids was recognised as a valuable molecular tool with enormous practical utility. The local entomofauna in most cases is important for the examination of entomological evidences. The survey of the local entomofauna has become a fundamental first step in forensic entomological studies, because different geographical distributions, seasonal and environmental factors may influence the decomposition process and the occurrence of different insect species on corpses. In this study, calliphorids were collected from 13 human corpses recovered from indoors, outdoors and aquatic conditions during the post-mortem examination by pathologists from the government hospitals in Malaysia. Only two species, Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomya rufifacies were recovered from human corpses. DNA sequencing was performed to study the mitochondrial encoded COI gene and to evaluate the suitability of the 1300 base pairs of COI fragments for identification of blow fly species collected from real crime scene. The COI gene from blow fly specimens were sequenced and deposited in GenBank to expand local databases. The sequenced COI gene was useful in identifying calliphorids retrieved from human corpses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kavitha
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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50
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Lau KW, Chen CD, Lee HL, Izzul AA, Asri-Isa M, Zulfadli M, Sofian-Azirun M. Vertical distribution of Aedes mosquitoes in multiple storey buildings in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Trop Biomed 2013; 30:36-45. [PMID: 23665706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the vertical distribution and abundance of Aedes mosquitoes in multiple storey buildings in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Ovitrap surveillance was conducted for 4 continuous weeks in multiple storey buildings in 4 residential areas located in Selangor [Kg. Baiduri (KB)] and Kuala Lumpur [Student Hostel of University of Malaya (UM), Kg. Kerinchi (KK) and Hang Tuah (HT)]. The results implied that Aedes mosquitoes could be found from ground floor to highest floor of multiple storey buildings and data from different elevation did not show significant difference. Ovitrap index for UM, KB, HT and KK ranged from 0 - 29.17%, 0 - 55.56%, 8.33 - 83.33% and 0 - 91.17% respectively. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus were found breeding in HT, KK and KB; while only Ae. albopictus was obtained from UM. The results indicate that the invasion of Aedes mosquitoes in high-rise apartments could facilitate the transmission of dengue virus and new approaches to vector control in this type of residential area should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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