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Lee D, Cho Y, Ko Y, Heo NH, Kang HG, Han S. Neuron-specific enolase level as a predictor of neurological outcome in near-hanging patients: A retrospective multicenter study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246898. [PMID: 33566872 PMCID: PMC7875384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is frequently used to predict neurological outcomes in patients with hypoxic brain injury. Hanging can cause hypoxic brain damage, and survivors can suffer from neurological deficits that may impair daily activities. Here, we investigated the utility of the initial serum NSE level as a predictor of neurological outcomes in near-hanging patients with decreased consciousness. Methods This retrospective multicenter study was conducted in patients who visited the emergency department due to near-hanging injury from October 2013 to February 2019 at three university hospitals in Korea. They were divided into two groups according to the presence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The neurological outcome was determined using the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) measured at the time of discharge. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine whether initial serum NSE is an independent predictor of neurological outcome. Results Of the 70 patients included in the study, 44 showed a poor neurological outcome (CPC score = 3–5). Among the 52 patients with cardiac arrest, only 10 (19.2%) were discharged with good neurological outcome (CPC score = 1–2). In the whole cohort, a high serum NSE level was a significant predictor of poor neurological outcome (odds ratio [OR], 1.343; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.003–1.800, p = 0.048). Among the patients with cardiac arrest, a high serum NSE level was a significant predictor of poor neurological outcome (OR, 1.138; 95% CI, 1.009–1.284, p = 0.036). Conclusions In near-hanging patients, a high initial serum NSE level is an independent predictor of poor neurological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwook Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongil Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Ko
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hun Heo
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Trial Center, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Goo Kang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsoo Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
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Lee J, Kang HG, Lim TH, Oh J, Cho Y, Cho JH. The Development of Emergency Medicine in South Korea: Academic Productivity in Highly Cited Journals. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/102490791402100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to examine the number of publications by South Korean emergency physicians in highly cited journals and the increase in their numbers. It also sought to assess the impact factors of such publications. Methods The present study was a retrospective quantitative literature review of the publications by South Korean emergency physicians from 1996 to 2011 in the category of “emergency medicine” in the science edition of Journal Citation Reports 2011. We analysed the total number of articles published by South Korean emergency physicians and their impact factors. Results Between 1996 and 2011, the number of South Korean board-certified emergency physicians increased from 51 to 958, and 230 articles were published in 14 highly cited journals. The total impact factor (IF) of the original articles published during that period was 227.86, and the mean IF was 1.93. More than 10 articles had been published annually in the past 5 years in highly cited journals and there were over 400 South Korean board-certified emergency physicians. Conclusions Emergency medicine in South Korea started about 20 years ago, but academic productivity, indicated by at least ten articles annually in highly cited journals, was only achieved in the last five years. The mean IF of these articles was similar to that in other highly productive countries. (Hong Kong j.emerg.med. 2014;21:205-212)
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Y Cho
- Hallym University, Kandong Sacred Heart Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - JH Cho
- Kangwon National University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kangwon-do, Korea
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Hutchison YL, Cha HM, Oh JH, Kang HG, Lim TH, Lee YJ, Kang BS, Kim CS, Choi HJ. Trends in Article Published in the Journal of Trauma and Injury: Bibliometric and Citation Analysis. Journal of Trauma and Injury 2015. [DOI: 10.20408/jti.2015.28.3.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yoon Je Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Seung Kang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Sun Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk Joong Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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4
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Lee SY, Choi JE, Jeon HS, Hong MJ, Choi YY, Kang HG, Yoo SS, Lee EB, Jeong JY, Lee WK, Lee J, Cha SI, Kim CH, Kim YT, Jheon S, Son JW, Park JY. A genetic variation in microRNA target site of KRT81 gene is associated with survival in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:1142-1148. [PMID: 25716425 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a key role in carcinogenesis through negative regulation of their target genes. Therefore, genetic variations in miRNAs or their target sites may affect miRNA-mRNA interactions, thereby result in altered expression of target genes. This study was conducted to investigate the associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) located in the miRNA target sites (poly-miRTSs) and survival of patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Using public SNP database and miRNA target sites prediction program, 354 poly-miRTSs were selected for genotyping. Among these, 154 SNPs applicable to Sequenom's MassARRAY platform were investigated in 357 patients. A replication study was carried out on an independent patient population (n = 479). Renilla luciferase assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were conducted to examine functional relevance of potentially functional poly-miRTSs. RESULTS Of the 154 SNPs analyzed in a discovery set, 14 SNPs were significantly associated with survival outcomes. Among these, KRT81 rs3660G>C was found to be associated with survival outcomes in the validation cohort. In the combined analysis, patients with the rs3660 GC + CC genotype had a significantly better overall survival compared with those with GG genotype [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for OS, 0.65; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50-0.85; P = 0.001]. An increased expression of the reporter gene for the C allele of rs3660 compared with the G allele was observed by luciferase assay. Consistently, the C allele was associated with higher relative expression level of KRT81 in tumor tissues. CONCLUSION The rs3660G>C affects KRT81 expression and thus influences survival in early-stage NSCLC. The analysis of the rs3660G>C polymorphism may be useful to identify patients at high risk of a poor disease outcome.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Aged
- Binding Sites
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy
- Computational Biology
- Databases, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Frequency
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Keratins, Hair-Specific/genetics
- Keratins, Hair-Specific/metabolism
- Keratins, Type II/genetics
- Keratins, Type II/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Phenotype
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Proportional Hazards Models
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Risk Factors
- Time Factors
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Lee
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu
| | - J E Choi
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine.
| | - H S Jeon
- The Molecular Diagnostics & Imaging Research Institute
| | - M J Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine
| | - Y Y Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine
| | - H G Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine
| | - S S Yoo
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu
| | - E B Lee
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery
| | | | - W K Lee
- Biostatistics Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu
| | - J Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu
| | - S I Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu
| | - C H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu
| | - Y T Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul
| | - S Jheon
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul
| | - J W Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon
| | - J Y Park
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the use of a GlideScope video laryngoscope (GVL) improves first-attempt intubation success compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope (MAC) in the emergency department (ED). DESIGN A propensity score-matched analysis of data from a prospective multicentre ED airway registry-the Korean Emergency Airway Management Registry (KEAMR). SETTING 4 academic EDs located in a metropolitan city and a province in South Korea. PARTICIPANTS A total of 4041 adult patients without cardiac arrest who underwent emergency intubation from January 2007 to December 2010. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary and secondary outcomes were successful first intubation attempt and intubation failure, respectively. To reduce the selection bias and potential confounding effects, we rigorously adjusted for the baseline differences between two groups using a propensity score matching. RESULTS Of the 4041 eligible patients, a GVL was initially used in 540 patients (13.4%). Using 1:2 propensity score matching, 363 and 726 patients were assigned to the GVL and MAC groups, respectively. The adjusted relative risks (95% CIs) for the first-attempt success rates with a GVL compared with a MAC were 0.76 (0.56 to 1.04; p=0.084) and the respective intubation failure rates 1.03(0.99 to 1.07; p=0.157). Regarding the subgroups, the first-attempt success of the senior residents and attending physicians was lower with the GVL (0.47 (0.23 to 0.98), p=0.043). In the patients with slight intubation difficulty, the first-attempt success was lower (0.60 (0.41 to 0.88), p=0.008) and the intubation failure was higher with the GVL (1.07 (1.02 to 1.13), p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS In this propensity score-matched analysis of data from a prospective multicentre ED airway registry, the overall first-attempt intubation success and failure rates did not differ significantly between GVL and MAC in the ED setting. Further randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Joong Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Min Oh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Goo Kang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Yim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Clinical Research Coordination Center, Catholic Medical Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Jeong
- Clinical Research Coordination Center, Catholic Medical Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Kim SJ, Lee HW, Baek JH, Cho YH, Kang HG, Jeong JS, Song J, Park HS, Chun KH. Activation of nuclear PTEN by inhibition of Notch signaling induces G2/M cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer. Oncogene 2015; 35:251-60. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kang HG, Jeong DH, Yang JJ, Lee BK, Kong JK, Lee JW, Kim IH. Serial transrectal ultrasonography for monitoring the reproductive activity of the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus ussuricus). Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 50:149-58. [PMID: 25522189 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the structural changes in the reproductive tract of Asiatic black bears using serial transrectal ultrasonography. In addition, the ultrasonographic observations were compared with the results of vaginal cytology and hormonal analyses. The collection of blood for hormonal analysis, vaginal cytology and transrectal ultrasonography was performed in two bears (Bears 1 and 2) from June 2011 to August 2013 without mating and in a third bear (Bear 3) from April to December 2012, allowing natural mating. Serial ultrasonographic observations showed cyclic changes in ovarian structures (e.g. emergence of small follicles, growth and ovulation of dominant follicles and corpus luteum (CL) formation) during the reproductive cycles of the three bears. The diameter of the uterine horns remained similar throughout the reproductive cycle in Bears 1 and 2, and it remained similar from April until October, but an enlargement containing foetuses was observed in Bear 3 in December. The ultrasonographic observations were consistent with the data obtained through vaginal cytology and progesterone analysis during the reproductive cycle. An average of 4.0 (±0.4) dominant follicles was observed during the oestrous stage (May-August), during which the superficial cells accounted for >90% of the total vaginal cells. In addition, the detection of an average of 2.6 (±0.2) CL was associated with increased plasma progesterone concentrations (3.0 ± 0.4 ng/ml) between June and December (near hibernation). In conclusion, serial transrectal ultrasonography demonstrated yearly oestrous (ovulation) cycles via follicular dynamics and CL formation on ovaries, accordingly with vaginal cytology and hormonal level in the Asiatic black bear.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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8
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Kong C, Kang HG, Kim BG, Kim KH. Ileal digestibility of amino acids in meat meal and soybean meal fed to growing pigs. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:990-5. [PMID: 25050041 PMCID: PMC4093576 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2014.14217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to determine the concentration and digestibility of crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) in meat meal (MM), and to compare these values with the respective values in soybean meal (SBM). Six barrows (initial body weight = 66.9±3.8 kg) surgically fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum were allotted to a replicated 3×3 balanced Latin square design with 3 diets and 3 periods. Two experimental diets containing test ingredients as the sole source of AA were prepared to estimate the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) for CP and AA by the direct method. An N-free diet was also prepared to estimate basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. All experimental diets contained 5% chromic oxide as an indigestible index. Each period consisted of a 5-d adaptation period and a 2-d of ileal digesta collection period. Ileal digesta samples were collected from 0900 to 1700 on d 6 and 7 of each period. The concentrations of CP, Lys, Met, and Trp in MM and SBM were analyzed to be 64.1, 3.5, 1.1 and 0.6, and 45.6, 2.8, 0.8, and 0.3%, respectively. The AID of all AA except Gly in MM was less (p<0.05) than in SBM. The AID of Lys, Met, and Trp in MM was estimated to be 56.0, 71.7, and 47.1%, respectively. The SID of all AA in MM was less (p<0.05) than in SBM. The SID of Lys, Met, and Trp was 65.1, 79.2, and 78.5%, respectively. In conclusion, the CP and AA contents in MM were greater than those in SBM whereas the ileal digestibility of all AA in MM was less than in SBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - H G Kang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - B G Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - K H Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea . ; Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Korea
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9
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Min SI, Ha J, Kang HG, Ahn S, Park T, Park DD, Kim SM, Hong HJ, Min SK, Ha IS, Kim SJ. Conversion of twice-daily tacrolimus to once-daily tacrolimus formulation in stable pediatric kidney transplant recipients: pharmacokinetics and efficacy. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:2191-7. [PMID: 23734831 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of once-daily tacrolimus formulation (Tac-OD) were assessed in 34 stable pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Enrolled patients received their dose of twice-daily tacrolimus formulation (Tac-BID) on study Days 0 through 7. On the morning of study Day 8, the total daily doses for patients were converted to Tac-OD on a 1:1 basis and maintained on a once-daily morning dosing regimen. Tacrolimus pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained on study Days 7, 14 and 28 (after dose adjustment). Although the mean C0 concentrations (4.10 ± 1.16-3.53 ± 1.10 ng/mL, p = 0.004), and AUC0-24 (151.8 ± 41.6-129.8 ± 39.3 ng h/mL, p < 0.001) were decreased significantly after a 1:1 based conversion, there was high interindividual variability. The dose of Tac-OD was decreased in 26.5% and increased in 44.1% of patients. The resultant tacrolimus dose and pharmacokinetic profiles on study Day 28 were comparable to those on Day 7. There were no serious adverse events. In conclusion, Tac-BID can be safely converted to Tac-OD in stable pediatric kidney transplant patients with the heightened therapeutic drug monitoring. Effects of drug conversion on the cardiovascular risk factors, neurological side effects and adherence should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Min
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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10
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Jeong JK, Kang HG, Hur TY, Kim IH. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone administration to dairy cows without a corpus luteum 4 weeks after calving increases reproductive performance. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 48:931-5. [PMID: 23758521 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This field study investigated whether the administration of a single dose of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to dairy cows without a corpus luteum (CL) 4 weeks after calving can improve reproductive performance. Holstein dairy cows underwent ultrasonography to assess the presence of ovarian structures at 29.2 ± 5.2 days post-partum, and cows were divided into two main groups based on the presence (CL group, n = 230) or absence (non-CL group, n = 460) of a CL. The non-CL group was further randomly divided into two subgroups based on the administration of GnRH (non-CL GnRH group, n = 230) or no GnRH (non-CL control group, n = 230). Subsets of cows from non-CL control (n = 166) and non-CL GnRH (n = 175) groups received a second ultrasonography at 44.5 ± 5.4 days post-partum to assess CL formation. The percentage of cows with CL at the second ultrasonography was greater in the non-CL GnRH group (70.9%) than in the non-CL control group (53.0%, p = 0.0006). The hazard of the first post-partum insemination by 150 days in milk (DIM) was higher in the CL group than in the non-CL control group (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.36, p = 0.001). The probability of a pregnancy to the first insemination was higher in non-CL GnRH (odds ratio [OR]: 1.50, p = 0.04) and CL groups (OR: 1.55, p = 0.03) compared to the non-CL control group. Furthermore, the hazard of pregnancy by 210 DIM was higher in non-CL GnRH (HR: 1.30, p = 0.01) and CL (HR: 1.51, p = 0.0001) groups than in the non-CL control group. In conclusion, administration of GnRH to dairy cows without a CL 4 weeks after calving was associated with an increase in ovulation and improved reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Lim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hyung Goo Kang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
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12
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Jang HS, Park JB, Oh JH, Kim CS, Choi HJ, Kang BS, Lim TH, Kang HG. Comparison of Intubation Success Rate and Times Required for Intubation by Glottic Exposure Methods with Glidescope®. Korean J Crit Care Med 2013. [DOI: 10.4266/kjccm.2013.28.4.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Seo Jang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Bum Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Oh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Sun Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk Joong Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Seung Kang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Ho Lim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Goo Kang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim C, Kang HG, Lim TH, Choi BY, Shin YJ, Choi HJ. What factors affect the success rate of the first attempt at endotracheal intubation in emergency departments? Emerg Med J 2012; 30:888-92. [DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2012-201708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Je SM, Kang HG, Chung HS. Reply to letter: Removal of a laryngeal foreign body under videolaryngoscopy. Resuscitation 2012; 84:e3-4. [PMID: 23073349 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
beta-Glucosidase can be located after nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis by incubating the gel with 0.1% esculin and 0.03% ferric chloride. The esculetin released from esculin by beta-glucosidase action reacts with ferric ion to produce a black band, corresponding to the beta-glucosidase, against the transparent background.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
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16
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Kang HG, Paik KH, Cho HY, Lee BH, Ha IS, Choi Y, Cheong HI. Transcriptome analysis of the response of cultured murine podocytes to puromycin aminonucleoside. Nephron Clin Pract 2010; 115:e1-8. [PMID: 20185935 DOI: 10.1159/000286518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is known as a disease of the renal glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes). Recent advances in podocyte biology showed that podocytopathy is the culprit of nephrotic syndrome. To obtain comprehensive information about the response of podocytes to injury, we investigated the gene expression profile of podocytes in response to puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced injury. METHODS Differentiated mouse podocyte cell line (MPC5) cells were treated with 25 microg/ml PAN for 24, 48, or 72 h. Gene expression profiles of these cells were analyzed. Real time PCR analysis was used to confirm the findings of microarray. RESULTS Expression levels of 23 genes (differentially expressed genes, DEGs), including laminin alpha(1) and MMP3, were significantly different between PAN-treated podocytes and untreated cells. Gene ontology of DEGs indicated that their functional categories were cell adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM) formation, and ECM degradation. Real-time PCR and indirect immunohistochemistry of PAN-treated and untreated podocytes confirmed the differential expression of DEGs. CONCLUSION Using unbiased global gene expression profiling, we found that podocytes respond to PAN-induced injury by down-regulating the expression of genes involved in cell adhesion and extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Kang HG, Roh YW, Kim HS. The treatment of metastasis to the femoral neck using percutaneous hollow perforated screws with cement augmentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 91:1078-82. [PMID: 19651838 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.91b8.21892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a hollow perforated cannulated screw. One or more of these was implanted percutaneously in 11 patients with an osteolytic metastasis in the femoral neck and multiple metastases elsewhere. They were supplemented by one or two additional standard 6.5 mm cannulated screws in nine patients. Polymethylmethacrylate bone cement was injected through the screw into the neck of the femur using small syringes, as in vertebroplasty. The mean amount of cement injected was 23.2 ml (17 to 30). Radiotherapy was started on the fourth post-operative day and chemotherapy, on average, was resumed a day later. Good structural stability and satisfactory relief from pain were achieved in all the patients. This technique may be useful in the palliation of metastases in the femoral neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Kang
- National Cancer Center, Orthopaedic Oncology Clinic, 111 Jungbalsanro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
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18
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Abstract
Allograft(dagger) transplant outcome, rejection or tolerance, depends upon striking a balance between the pertinent cytopathic and regulatory T cells. The drug cyclosporine is a widely used immunosuppressive agent among transplant recipients. Previous studies have demonstrated that cyclosporine blocks apoptosis of activated T cells and the ability of costimulation blockade based regimens to create peripheral transplant tolerance. We now test the hypothesis that the mechanism by which cyclosporine blocks tolerance induction is IL-2 dependent, and linked to a detrimental effect upon T(reg) function. Our study demonstrates that cyclosporine blocks IL-2 gene expression and activation induced cell death (AICD) of alloreactive T effector cells. We also show that cyclosporine abolishes the beneficial effects of a donor specific transfusion (DST) plus anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody (alpha CD154) regimen on enhanced T(regs) function and allograft tolerance induction. Interestingly, provision of IL-2/Fc, a long-lived form of IL-2, completely reverses the detrimental effects of this adjunctive cyclosporine treatment on AICD of alloreactive T effectors, T(regs) function and tolerance induction. Furthermore, in a MHC mismatched islet allograft model, the combination of cyclosporine with IL-2/Fc permitted long-term allograft survival and induced alloantigen specific allograft tolerance. The combination of IL-2/Fc and cyclosporine treatment may provide a new clinical strategy to promote transplant tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Kang
- Harvard Medical School, Transplant Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Abstract
Open surgery is rarely justified for the initial treatment of a unicameral bone cyst, but there is some debate concerning the relative effectiveness of closed methods. This study compared the results of steroid injection with those of autologous bone marrow grafting for the treatment of unicameral bone cysts. Between 1990 and 2001, 30 patients were treated by steroid injection and 28 by grafting with autologous bone marrow. The overall success rates were 86.7% and 92.0%, respectively (p>0.05). The success rate after the initial procedure was 23.3% in the steroid group and 52.0% in those receiving autologous bone marrow (p<0.05), and the respective cumulative success rates after second injections were 63.3% and 80.0% (p>0.05). The mean number of procedures required was 2.19 (1 to 5) and 1.57 (1 to 3) (p<0.05), the mean interval to healing was 12.5 months (4 to 32) and 14.3 months (7 to 36) (p>0.05), and the rate of recurrence after the initial procedure was 41.7% and 13.3% in the steroid and in the autologous bone marrow groups, respectively (p<0.05). Although the overall rates of success of both methods were similar, the steroid group had higher recurrence after a single procedure and required more injections to achieve healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Cho
- National Cancer Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Cho JH, Kang HG, Kim SH, Lee HS, Lee KR, Kang HY. [Effects of octreotide on small bowel obstructions in rats]. Korean J Gastroenterol 2003; 42:283-8. [PMID: 14634347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS/AIMS Gastrointestinal decompression by nasogastric or intestinal tubes developed in 1930s has been the only treatment modality for inoperable intestinal obstruction. We hypothesized that the octreotide, a potent inhibitor of intestinal secretion, has a therapeutic potential in intestinal obstruction. METHODS Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups. The rats were subjected to complete or partial ileal obstruction. The treated rats received octreotide (100 microgram/kg) while the controls received the same quantity of saline every 12 hours for 24 or 48 hours. After 24 or 48 hours, the volumes of the small bowel contents were measured. The volumes of supernatant and the concentrations of electrolytes in the small bowel contents after centrifugation were also analyzed. The ileal segments proximal to obstruction were harvested, fixed, and stained, and the pathological changes were evaluated with mucosal damage scores. RESULTS There were no statistical differences in the volume and the electrolyte composition of intestinal fluid among the 4 groups. In the 48 hour complete obstruction group, the octreotide-treated rats showed statistically lower mucosal damage scores than the control rats (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Octreotide exerts mucosal protecting effect on the complete intestinal obstruction rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Ho Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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21
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So CH, Kang HG, Kim SH. Application of progesterone measurement for age and body weight at puberty, and postpartum anestrus in Korean native cattle. J Vet Med Sci 2001; 63:1287-91. [PMID: 11789605 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.63.1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies were conducted in Korean native cattle to determine the age and body weight at puberty, and to determine the postpartum anestrus intervals based on plasma progesterone profiles, rectal palpation, ultrasonography and estrus observation. Korean native cattle reached puberty at 344 days of age and at 188 kg body weight as determined by plasma progesterone profiles, but estrous behavior was not detected until 3 months later, at a body weight of 215 kg. Prolonged postpartum anestrus occurred in 40% of smallholders cows, where animals were tethered and fed hay and rice straw, whereas its incidence was only 6.8% in a well managed herd that was grazed and housed. Plasma progesterone profiles were used to monitor ovarian activity postpartum in standard fed cows (n=44) and restricted fed cows (n=20). In standard fed cows 81.8% showed luteal activity by 50 days postpartum, compared to 55% in restricted fed cows. Approximately 40% of cows in both groups had shown observable estrous behavior by this time. This study indicates that one or more ovulations had occurred before pubertal heifers and postpartum cows showed overt estrous behavior. It was concluded that improved management and feeding practices should result in improved reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H So
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
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22
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Abstract
The renal functions in pediatric cancer patients who received ifosfamide (IFO) treatment were evaluated and the risk factors related to IFO nephrotoxicity were determined. The medical records of all children treated with IFO were reviewed, and 62 with normal renal function before IFO treatment were selected. Nephrotoxicity was diagnosed by measuring urine beta2-microglobulin and glucose, and serum phosphate, bicarbonate, and creatinine. Forty-eight (77.4%) had a history of previous cisplatin treatment. Nephrotoxicity was detected in 20 patients (32.3%). beta2-Microglobulinuria was observed in all 20, hypophosphatemia in 10 (16.1%), hypocarbia in 2 (3.2%), glucosuria in 5 (8.1%), and decreased creatinine clearance in 7 (11.3%). The cumulative dose of IFO and a history of previous cisplatin therapy were related to nephrotoxicity. Among the 20 patients with nephrotoxicity, the median cumulative dose of IFO in patients with a low (<500 mg/m2) and high (>500 mg/m2) cumulative dose of previous cisplatin was 80 g/m2 (73-102 g/m2) and 45 g/m2 (11-76 g/m2), respectively. Most of the nephrotoxicity persisted after cessation of IFO treatment. In conclusion, close monitoring of IFO nephrotoxicity should be started earlier in patients with high-dose cisplatin pretreatment. Tubular proteinuria, as indicated by beta2-microglobulinuria, was the most-sensitive marker for IFO nephrotoxicity. Long-term follow-up study for reversibility of IFO nephrotoxicity is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Korea
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23
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Evers MR, Xia G, Kang HG, Schachner M, Baenziger JU. Molecular cloning and characterization of a dermatan-specific N-acetylgalactosamine 4-O-sulfotransferase. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:36344-53. [PMID: 11470797 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m105848200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified and characterized an N-acetylgalactosamine-4-O-sulfotransferase designated dermatan-4-sulfotransferase-1 (D4ST-1) (GenBank(TM) accession number AF401222) based on its homology to HNK-1 sulfotransferase. The cDNA predicts an open reading frame encoding a type II membrane protein of 376 amino acids with a 43-amino acid cytoplasmic domain and a 316-amino acid luminal domain containing two potential N-linked glycosylation sites. D4ST-1 has significant amino acid identity with HNK-1 sulfotransferase (21.4%), N-acetylgalactosamine-4-O-sulfotransferase 1 (GalNAc-4-ST1) (24.7%), N-acetylgalactosamine-4-O-sulfotransferase 2 (GalNAc-4-ST2) (21.0%), chondroitin-4-O-sulfotransferase 1 (27.3%), and chondroitin-4-O-sulfotransferase 2 (22.8%). D4ST-1 transfers sulfate to the C-4 hydroxyl of beta1,4-linked GalNAc that is substituted with an alpha-linked iduronic acid (IdoUA) at the C-3 hydroxyl. D4ST-1 shows a strong preference in vitro for sulfate transfer to IdoUAalpha1,3GalNAcbeta1,4 that is flanked by GlcUAbeta1,3GalNAcbeta1,4 as compared with IdoUAalpha1,3GalNAcbeta1,4 flanked by IdoUAalpha1,3GalNAcbeta1,4. The specificity of D4ST-1 when assayed in vitro suggests that the addition of sulfate to GalNAc occurs immediately after epimerization of GlcUA to IdoUA. The open reading frame of D4ST-1 is encoded by a single exon located on human chromosome 15q14. Northern blot analysis reveals a single 2.4-kilobase transcript. D4ST-1 message is expressed in virtually all tissues at some level but is most highly expressed in pituitary, placenta, uterus, and thyroid. The properties of D4ST-1 indicate that sulfation of the GalNAc moieties in dermatan is mediated by a distinct GalNAc-4-O-sulfotransferase and occurs following epimerization of GlcUA to IdoUA.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- CHO Cells
- Carbohydrate Sequence
- Chromatography, Gel
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cricetinae
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Dermatan Sulfate/chemistry
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Exons
- Humans
- Models, Chemical
- Models, Genetic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Open Reading Frames
- Protein Binding
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sulfotransferases/biosynthesis
- Sulfotransferases/chemistry
- Sulfotransferases/genetics
- Time Factors
- Tissue Distribution
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Evers
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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24
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Kang HG, Evers MR, Xia G, Baenziger JU, Schachner M. Molecular cloning and expression of an N-acetylgalactosamine-4-O-sulfotransferase that transfers sulfate to terminal and non-terminal beta 1,4-linked N-acetylgalactosamine. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:10861-9. [PMID: 11139592 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m011560200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified and characterized an N-acetylgalactosamine-4-O-sulfotransferase designated GalNAc-4-ST2 (GenBank(TM) accession number ) based on its homology to HNK-1 sulfotransferase (HNK-1 ST). The cDNA predicts an open reading frame encoding a type II membrane protein of 443 amino acids with a 12-amino acid cytoplasmic domain, a 23-amino acid transmembrane domain, and a 408-amino acid luminal domain containing four potential N-linked glycosylation sites. GalNAc-4-ST2 displays a high degree of amino acid sequence identity with GalNAc-4-ST1 (46%), HNK-1 ST (23%), chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase-1 (C4ST-1) (27%), and chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase-2 (C4ST-2) (24%). GalNAc-4-ST2 transfers sulfate to the C-4 hydroxyl of terminal beta1,4-linked GalNAc in the sequence GalNAc-beta1,4GlcNAcbeta-R found on N-linked oligosaccharides and nonterminal beta1,4-linked GalNAc in chondroitin and dermatan. The translated region of GalNAc-4-ST2 is encoded by five exons located on human chromosome 18q11.2. Northern blot analysis reveals a 2.1-kilobase transcript. GalNAc-4-ST2 message is most highly expressed in trachea and to a lesser extent in heart, liver, pancreas, salivary gland, and testis. The I.M.A.G.E. cDNA clone 49547 contains a putative GalNAc-4-ST2 splice form with an open reading frame encoding a protein of 358 amino acids that lacks the transmembrane domain and the stem region. This form of GalNAc-4-ST2 is not retained by transfected cells and is active against chondroitin but not terminal beta1,4-linked GalNAc. Thus, as with GalNAc-4-ST1, sequences N-terminal to the catalytic domain contribute to the specificity of GalNAc-4-ST2 toward terminal beta1,4-linked GalNAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Kang
- Zentrum fuer Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitaet Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
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25
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Suh I, Oh KW, Lee KH, Psaty BM, Nam CM, Kim SI, Kang HG, Cho SY, Shim WH. Moderate dietary fat consumption as a risk factor for ischemic heart disease in a population with a low fat intake: a case-control study in Korean men. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73:722-7. [PMID: 11273846 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/73.4.722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary fat intake is associated with the incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in Western countries. In populations in which both the average dietary fat consumption and the incidence of IHD are lower than in Western countries, the association of dietary fat intake with IHD incidence remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We conducted a case-control study to examine the association of dietary fat with IHD incidence in Korean men. DESIGN The case group consisted of 108 patients with electrocardiogram-confirmed myocardial infarction or angiographically confirmed (> or =50% stenosis) IHD who were admitted to a university teaching hospital in Seoul, Republic of Korea. The controls were 142 age-matched patients admitted to the departments of ophthalmology and orthopedic surgery at the same hospital. Dietary fat intake was assessed by a nutritionist using a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI), cigarette use, alcohol intake, exercise, and history of disease were determined during an interview and examination. RESULTS In a univariate analysis, the mean percentages of energy from total fat, saturated fatty acids, and monounsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher in the cases than in the controls. BMI, smoking, and a history of hypertension were associated with the occurrence of IHD. In multiple logistic analyses, total fat intake was a significant risk factor (odds ratio: 1.08 for 1% of energy intake; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.14) after adjustment for BMI and smoking. CONCLUSION In a population with a relatively low fat intake (19% of energy intake), a moderate increase in total fat intake may be a risk factor for IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Suh
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Crellin NK, Kang HG, Swan CL, Chedrese PJ. Inhibition of basal and stimulated progesterone synthesis by dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene and methoxychlor in a stable pig granulosa cell line. Reproduction 2001; 121:485-92. [PMID: 11226075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the insecticide dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and methoxychlor in a stable pig granulosa cell line, JC-410, were investigated. The studies of DDE and methoxychlor were conducted in combination with studies of cholera toxin, the protein kinase A activator that stimulates cAMP and progesterone synthesis and gene expression of P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage (P450scc), which converts cholesterol to pregnenolone. Administration of DDE at 3000 and 10 000 ng ml (-1) was found to decrease progesterone synthesis 0.49- and 0.25-fold, respectively, and to block the stimulatory effect of 100 ng cholera toxin ml (-1), after 24 h incubation. At 1-100 ng ml (-1), methoxychlor did not affect progesterone synthesis after 48 h incubation. However, 1000 ng methoxychlor ml (-1) decreased progesterone synthesis 0.32-fold, and both 100 and 1000 ng methoxychlor ml (-1) blocked the stimulatory effect of cholera toxin. At 3000 and 10 000 ng ml(-1), DDE decreased cAMP synthesis 0.66-and 0.36-fold, respectively. At 300, 3000 and 10 000 ng ml (-1), DDE also decreased cholera toxin-stimulated cAMP synthesis 0.84-, 0.68-, and 0.52-fold, respectively. Administration of 1-100 ng methoxychlor ml (-1) did not affect basal or cholera toxin-stimulated cAMP synthesis. Cholera toxin increased P450scc mRNA 1.4-fold after 24 h incubation, while 3000 and 10 000 ng DDE ml (-1) led to 0.39- and 0.18-fold reductions, respectively. The stimulatory effect of cholera toxin on P450scc mRNA was blocked by 3000 and 10 000 ng DDE ml(-1). Cholera toxin increased P450scc mRNA 3.48-fold after 48 h incubation, while 100 and 1000 ng methoxychlor ml (-1) increased P450scc mRNA 1.79- and 3.0-fold, respectively, and further increased the stimulatory effect of cholera toxin 6.47- and 5.44-fold, respectively. The results of the present study indicate that DDE inhibits granulosa cell steroidogenesis by affecting cAMP production and P450scc gene expression. However, methoxychlor appears to inhibit steroidogenesis by a mechanism occurring before the conversion of cholesterol into pregnenolone.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Crellin
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK, Canada S7N 5B3
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27
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Crellin NK, Kang HG, Swan CL, Chedrese PJ. Inhibition of basal and stimulated progesterone synthesis by dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene and methoxychlor in a stable pig granulosa cell line. Reproduction 2001. [DOI: 10.1530/rep.0.1210485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the insecticide dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and methoxychlor in a stable pig granulosa cell line, JC-410, were investigated. The studies of DDE and methoxychlor were conducted in combination with studies of cholera toxin, the protein kinase A activator that stimulates cAMP and progesterone synthesis and gene expression of P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage (P450scc), which converts cholesterol to pregnenolone. Administration of DDE at 3000 and 10 000 ng ml (-1) was found to decrease progesterone synthesis 0.49- and 0.25-fold, respectively, and to block the stimulatory effect of 100 ng cholera toxin ml (-1), after 24 h incubation. At 1-100 ng ml (-1), methoxychlor did not affect progesterone synthesis after 48 h incubation. However, 1000 ng methoxychlor ml (-1) decreased progesterone synthesis 0.32-fold, and both 100 and 1000 ng methoxychlor ml (-1) blocked the stimulatory effect of cholera toxin. At 3000 and 10 000 ng ml(-1), DDE decreased cAMP synthesis 0.66-and 0.36-fold, respectively. At 300, 3000 and 10 000 ng ml (-1), DDE also decreased cholera toxin-stimulated cAMP synthesis 0.84-, 0.68-, and 0.52-fold, respectively. Administration of 1-100 ng methoxychlor ml (-1) did not affect basal or cholera toxin-stimulated cAMP synthesis. Cholera toxin increased P450scc mRNA 1.4-fold after 24 h incubation, while 3000 and 10 000 ng DDE ml (-1) led to 0.39- and 0.18-fold reductions, respectively. The stimulatory effect of cholera toxin on P450scc mRNA was blocked by 3000 and 10 000 ng DDE ml(-1). Cholera toxin increased P450scc mRNA 3.48-fold after 48 h incubation, while 100 and 1000 ng methoxychlor ml (-1) increased P450scc mRNA 1.79- and 3.0-fold, respectively, and further increased the stimulatory effect of cholera toxin 6.47- and 5.44-fold, respectively. The results of the present study indicate that DDE inhibits granulosa cell steroidogenesis by affecting cAMP production and P450scc gene expression. However, methoxychlor appears to inhibit steroidogenesis by a mechanism occurring before the conversion of cholesterol into pregnenolone.
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28
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Xia G, Evers MR, Kang HG, Schachner M, Baenziger JU. Molecular cloning and expression of the pituitary glycoprotein hormone N-acetylgalactosamine-4-O-sulfotransferase. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:38402-9. [PMID: 10988300 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m007821200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Linked oligosaccharides terminating with the sequence SO(4)-4-GalNAcbeta1,4GlcNAcbeta1,2Manalpha are present on the pituitary hormones lutropin (LH), thyrotropin, and pro-opiomelanocortin. The sulfated structures on LH are essential for expression of its biologic function in vivo. We have cloned the N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfotransferase (GalNAc-4-ST1, GenBank(TM) accession number ), which mediates sulfate addition to the N-linked oligosaccharides on LH and other pituitary glycoproteins with terminal (beta1,4-linked GalNAc based on its homology to HNK-1 sulfotransferase (HNK-1 ST). GalNAc-4-ST1 displays 23% identity to HNK-1 ST and 28% to chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase 1 (C4ST-1) and 26% to chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase 2 (C4ST-2). The cDNA predicts a type II transmembrane protein of 424 amino acids with four potential N-linked glycosylation sites and a single membrane-spanning domain. GalNAc-4-ST1 has putative 5'-phosphosulfonate and 3'-phosphate binding sites. Three more carboxyl-terminal regions of unknown function also show a high degree of identity with HNK-1 ST, C4ST-1, and C4ST-2. The membrane-bound form of GalNAc-4-ST1 transfers sulfate to GalNAcbeta1, 4GlcNAcbeta-R but not to chondroitin, whereas truncated forms of GalNAc-4-ST1 that are released into the medium transfer sulfate to both GalNAcbeta1,4GlcNAcbeta-R and chondroitin. The first 118 amino acids of GalNAc-4-ST1 appear to contribute to both its activity and specificity for terminal beta1,4-linked GalNAc. GalNAc-4-ST1 also efficiently transfers sulfate to N-linked oligosaccharides on native LH and other glycoproteins terminating with beta1,4-linked GalNAc. A single transcript of 2.4 kilobases is most highly expressed in the pituitary and other regions of the central nervous system. The GalNAc-4-ST1 gene is located on human chromosome 19q13.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Xia
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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29
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Abstract
Present study revealed the stimulatory effects of delta opioid receptor on intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in SH-SY5Y cells. Fura-2 based single cell fluorescence ratio (F345/F380) was used to monitor the fluctuation of [Ca(2+)](i). Application of the selective delta-opioid receptor agonist alone, [D-Pen(2,5)]-enkephalin (DPDPE), hardly had any effects on cells cultivated for 3-10 days. However, after the cells had been pre-stimulated with cholinoceptor agonist, carbachol, variable calcium elevation was found in 59% of the cultures. The response was naltridole-reversible and dose-dependent, and was abolished completely by thapsigargin (TG) treatment but not by administration of CdCl(2) or 0-Ca(2+) bath solutions. DPDPE-mediated [Ca(2+)](i) elevation was abolished by pertussis toxin (PTX) pretreatment but not cholera toxin (CTX), indicating coupling via G proteins of G(i)/G(o) subfamily. In 17.5% of the responding cells, biphase response was found which may be due to both the stimulatory and the inhibitory effects of opioid. On the other hand, in acutely dissociated cells, DPPDE alone induced [Ca(2+)](i) increase in 50% of the cultures. The probability and the amplitude of the elevation were decreased considerably by application of nifedipine or 0-Ca(2+) bath solution and was little affected by application of TG. DPDPE activated [Ca(2+)](i) increase via a PTX-insensitive and CTX-sensitive pathway suggesting coupling through G(s) subunit. All these indicated the opioid modulated the intracellular Ca(2+) regulation system through different pathways. SH-SY5Y cell line might be a suitable model for the investigation of the complex mechanism which underlies opioid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chen
- Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, PR China.
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30
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Chen LY, Xu T, Zou SB, Kang HG. [Techniques of quantitative measurement of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration]. Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi 2000; 24:349-356. [PMID: 12583258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
For individual cell, calcium is a signal of life and death and many functions are mediated by it. The development of new fluorescence dye and imaging technique have greatly promoted the research in the field of cellular calcium signal transduction path.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Chen
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry
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31
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Zhang CG, Qu AL, Kang HG. [Real-time techniques in monitoring secretion activity in cells]. Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi 2000; 24:289-294. [PMID: 12583027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chemical communication for neurons and endocrine cells depends on their secretion activity. Development of variety of biophysical techniques have greatly promoted the understanding of the mechanism of cellular secretion. Here we will introduce three recently developed biophysical techniques which have been frequently used to monitor secretion activity in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Zhang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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32
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Lou XL, Zhou Z, Kang HG. [Single channel and whole cell recordings using patch clamp technique]. Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi 2000; 24:221-205. [PMID: 12583139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Action of ion channel on membrane is the key events of messenger transduction for excitable cells, which can be detected by the patch clamp technique. The developments of patch clamp technique have brought a revolution of life science research. The theory, work modes, single channel and whole cell recording techniques in single cells are described here in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Lou
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry
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Kang HG. [Cellular electrophysiology and patch clamp technique]. Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi 2000; 24:155-160. [PMID: 12583123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The fundamentals of cellular electrophysiology and its basic method are described here. The simplyfied structure of the cell, the chemical constitutes of the membrane, and the mechanism of the bioelectric signal generation are included. The patch clamp is the fundamental methodology in modern electrophysiology research. It is closely related to the construction of the laboratory setup and the key technique in experimental procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Kang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Abstract
Dof proteins are unique to plants and contain a single zinc finger DNA-binding domain called the Dof domain. OBP1, an Arabidopsis Dof protein, was previously isolated through an interaction with OBF4, an ocs element-binding protein. Two additional Dof proteins, called OBP2 and OBP3, were isolated through homologous screening. All three OBP proteins contain transcriptional activation domains in their C-terminal region. While no significant differences were found between the OBP proteins in terms of their DNA and protein-binding properties, tissue-specific RNA expression patterns were found. The RNA expression levels of all three OBP proteins increased following treatment with auxin, salicylic acid (SA) or cycloheximide, although the level of induction varied among the different proteins and in the tissues tested. These results suggest that even though they have similar DNA binding and protein-protein interaction properties, the different OBP proteins are likely to have distinct functions in specific parts of the plant. There is a good correlation between the expression of the OBP proteins and the ocs element, a stress-response element which is also induced by auxin, SA and cycloheximide. To begin to analyze the function of the OBP proteins, transgenic lines overexpressing OBP3 were generated. These plants showed a severe growth defect with altered root development and yellowish leaves. The severity of the growth defects correlated with OBP3 expression levels and in some cases led to death, suggesting that some Dof proteins play important roles in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Kang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the fertility outcome after laparoscopic tubal anastomosis for reversal of sterilization. DESIGN Retrospective clinical study. SETTING A private practice affiliated with a university medical school. PATIENT(S) Two hundred two women who desired reversal of tubal sterilization. INTERVENTION(S) Laparoscopic tubal anastomosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The cumulative pregnancy rate (PR) and factors that influenced the fertility outcome. RESULT(S) The cumulative PR in the 186 patients for whom follow-up data were available was 60.3%, 79.4%, and 83.3% at 6, 12, and 18 months after operation, respectively. Five patients (3.2%) had ectopic pregnancies; one of these patients subsequently conceived normally. There were no statistically significant differences in the PR according to the sterilization method used, the site of the tubal anastomosis, or the length of the fallopian tube after surgery. The intrauterine PR was 87.1% (149/171) with bilateral anastomosis and 60% (9/15) with unilateral anastomosis. The PR decreased with increasing patient age (mean [+/- SD], 35+/-3.6 years) but was still 70.6% (12/17) in patients aged 40-45 years. CONCLUSION(S) Our findings suggest that laparoscopic tubal anastomosis is a highly successful procedure. This less invasive approach could be considered the procedure of choice in patients who desire reversal of tubal sterilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Yoon
- Infertility Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA General Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Kang HG, Jun SH, Kim J, Kawaide H, Kamiya Y, An G. Cloning and molecular analyses of a gibberellin 20-oxidase gene expressed specifically in developing seeds of watermelon. Plant Physiol 1999; 121:373-82. [PMID: 10517828 PMCID: PMC59399 DOI: 10.1104/pp.121.2.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To understand the biosynthesis and functional role of gibberellins (GAs) in developing seeds, we isolated Cv20ox, a cDNA clone from watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) that shows significant amino acid homology with GA 20-oxidases. The complementary DNA clone was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein, which oxidized GA(12) at C-20 to the C(19) compound GA(9), a precursor of bioactive GAs. RNA-blot analysis showed that the Cv20ox gene was expressed specifically in developing seeds. The gene was strongly expressed in the integument tissues, and it was also expressed weakly in inner seed tissues. In parthenocarpic fruits induced by 1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea treatment, the expression pattern of Cv20ox did not change, indicating that the GA 20-oxidase gene is expressed primarily in the maternal cells of developing seeds. The promoter of Cv20ox was isolated and fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. In a transient expression system, beta-glucuronidase staining was detectable only in the integument tissues of developing watermelon seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Kang
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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37
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Kang HG, Fang Y, Singh KB. A glucocorticoid-inducible transcription system causes severe growth defects in Arabidopsis and induces defense-related genes. Plant J 1999; 20:127-33. [PMID: 10571872 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1999.00575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A glucocorticoid-inducible transcription system was employed to control the expression of AtEBP, an Arabidopsis transcription factor. A number of the transgenic AtEBP lines had developmental and growth defects when grown on dexamethasone (DEX), a strong synthetic glucocorticoid. However, these growth defects were not confined to the AtEBP lines but were observed with other transgenic lines that were generated using the same system, including empty vector lines. In about 25% of the AtEBP or empty vector transgenic lines, these growth defects were severe and in some cases led to death. As AtEBP has been linked to the plant defense response, the expression of specific defense-related genes, including a number of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes was also examined. PDF1.2, a plant defensin gene, was strongly induced in all transgenic lines examined following treatment with DEX, including empty vector lines that did not show any observable DEX-induced growth defect. PR-5 was induced to a lesser extent in all the lines, while the expression of PR-1, PR-2 and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 3 (PAL3) did not change significantly. While the induction of the AtEBP transgene and PDF1.2 had similar DEX concentration requirements, the kinetics of induction differed significantly, with the AtEBP transgene being induced within 1 h and PDF1.2 only being induced between 24 and 48 h. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying the growth defects and changes in gene expression remain to be determined, these changes appear to result from the glucocorticoid-inducible system itself, and may therefore limit the usefulness of this system for controlling gene expression in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
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Moon YH, Kang HG, Jung JY, Jeon JS, Sung SK, An G. Determination of the motif responsible for interaction between the rice APETALA1/AGAMOUS-LIKE9 family proteins using a yeast two-hybrid system. Plant Physiol 1999; 120:1193-204. [PMID: 10444103 PMCID: PMC59353 DOI: 10.1104/pp.120.4.1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/1999] [Accepted: 05/17/1999] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A MADS family gene, OsMADS6, was isolated from a rice (Oryza sativa L.) young flower cDNA library using OsAMDS1 as a probe. With this clone, various MADS box genes that encode for protein-to-protein interaction partners of the OsMADS6 protein were isolated by the yeast two-hybrid screening method. On the basis of sequence homology, OsMADS6 and the selected partners can be classified in the APETALA1/AGAMOUS-LIKE9 (AP1/AGL9) family. One of the interaction partners, OsMADS14, was selected for further study. Both genes began expression at early stages of flower development, and their expression was extended into the later stages. In mature flowers the OsMADS6 transcript was detectable in lodicules and also weakly in sterile lemmas and carpels, whereas the OsMADS14 transcript was detectable in sterile lemmas, paleas/lemmas, stamens, and carpels. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we demonstrated that the region containing of the 109th to 137th amino acid residues of OsMADS6 is indispensable in the interaction with OsMADS14. Site-directed mutation analysis revealed that the four periodical leucine residues within the region are essential for this interaction. Furthermore, it was shown that the 14 amino acid residues located immediately downstream of the K domain enhance the interaction, and that the two leucine residues within this region play an important role in that enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Moon
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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Lee DW, Ahn GW, Kang HG, Park HM. Identification of a gene, SOO1, which complements osmo-sensitivity and defect in in vitro beta1,3-glucan synthase activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999; 1450:145-54. [PMID: 10354506 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(99)00041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The soo1-1 (for suppressor of osmo-sensitivity) mutation results in a temperature-dependent osmo-sensitive phenotype at non-permissive temperature (37 degrees C), makes yeast cells more susceptible to Zymolyase and affects in vitro beta1,3-glucan synthase activity level. Transformation of soo1-1 mutant by SOO1 gene reverses these effects. Nucleotide sequencing of SOO1 revealed that this gene is identical to the recently reported alpha-COP that is involved in the intracellular protein translocation from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi and vice versa. Although the soo1-1 mutant strain showed osmotically remediable growth at 37 degrees C, SOO1 disruptants could not grow in any culture conditions. Analysis of cell wall fractions revealed that the soo1-1 mutation causes a decrease in in vitro beta1,3-glucan synthase activity, and, thus, a subsequent alteration of the cell wall composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University, Taejon 305-764, South Korea
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40
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Abstract
A cDNA clone OsMADS16 was isolated from the rice young inflorescence cDNA expression library by the yeast two-hybrid screening method with OsMADS4 as bait. We have previously shown that the OsMADS4 gene is a member of the PI family and that the MADS-box gene is involved in controlling development of the second and third whorls of rice flowers. The sequence comparison indicated that OsMADS16 belongs to the AP3 family. The OsMADS16 protein contains a PI-derived motif, FAFRVVPSQPNLH, that is a conserved sequence in AP3 family genes at the C-terminal region. In addition, OsMADS16 contains a paleoAP3 motif, YGGNHDLRLG, downstream of the PI-derived motif. The paleoAP3 motif is a consensus sequence in the C-terminal region of the AP3 family genes of lower eudicot and magnolid dicot species. RNA blot analysis showed that the OsMADS16 gene was expressed in the second and third whorls, whereas the OsMADS4 transcripts were present in the second, third, and fourth whorls. These expression patterns of the OsMADS16 and OsMADS4 genes are very similar to those of AP3 and PI, respectively. In the yeast two-hybrid system, OsMADS4 interacted only with OsMADS16 among several rice MADS genes investigated, suggesting that OsMADS4 and OsMADS16 function as a heterodimer in specifying sepal and petal identities. The OsMADS16 protein displayed transcription activation ability in yeast, whereas AP3 did not. It was also shown in yeast that OsMADS16 interacted with PI whereas OsMADS4 did not interact with AP3. These differences between OsMADS16 and AP3 indicate that the functions of the AP3 family genes of monocots and dicots diverged during molecular evolution processes of the B function genes. Deletion analysis showed that the 155-200 amino acid region of the OsMADS16 protein plays an important role in the transcription activation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Moon
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea
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41
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Abstract
The functions of two rice MADS-box genes were studied by the loss-of-function approach. The first gene, OsMADS4, shows a significant homology to members in the PISTILLATA (PI) family, which is required to specify petal and stamen identity. The second gene, OsMADS3, is highly homologous to the members in the AGAMOUS (AG) family that is essential for the normal development of the internal two whorls, the stamen and carpel, of the flower. These two rice MADS box cDNA clones were connected to the maize ubiquitin promoter in an antisense orientation and the fusion molecules were introduced to rice plants by the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. Transgenic plants expressing antisense OsMADS4 displayed alterations of the second and third whorls. The second-whorl lodicules, which are equivalent to the petals of dicot plants in grasses, were altered into palea/lemma-like organs, and the third whorl stamens were changed to carpel-like organs. Loss-of-function analysis of OsMADS3 showed alterations in the third and fourth whorls. In the third whorl, the filaments of the transgenic plants were changed into thick and fleshy bodies, similar to lodicules. Rather than making a carpel, the fourth whorl produced several abnormal flowers. These phenotypes are similar to those of the agamous and plena mutants in Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum, respectively. These results suggest that OsMADS4 belongs to the class B gene family and OsMADS3 belongs to the class C gene family of floral organ identity determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Kang
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and technology, Republic of Korea
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42
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Kang HG, Jang S, Chung JE, Cho YG, An G. Characterization of two rice MADS box genes that control flowering time. Mol Cells 1997; 7:559-66. [PMID: 9339904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants contain a variety of the MADS box genes that encode regulatory proteins and play important roles in both the formation of flower meristem and the determination of floral organ identity. We have characterized two flower-specific cDNAs from rice, designated OsMADS7 and OsMADS8. The cDNAs displayed the structure of a typical plant MADS box gene, which consists of the MADS domain, I region, K domain, and C-terminal region. These genes were classified as members of the AGL2 gene family based on sequence homology. The OsMADS7 and 8 proteins were most homologous to OM1 and FBP2, respectively. The OsMADS7 and 8 transcripts were detectable primarily in carpels and also weakly in anthers. During flower development, the OsMADS genes started to express at the young flower stage and the expression continued to the late stage of flower development. The OsMADS7 and 8 genes were mapped on the long arms of the chromosome 8 and 9, respectively. To study the functions of the genes, the cDNA clones were expressed ectopically using the CaMV 35S promoter in a heterologous tobacco plant system. Transgenic plants expressing the OsMADS genes exhibited the phenotype of early flowering and dwarfism. The strength of the phenotypes was proportional to the levels of transgene expression and the phenotypes were co-inherited with the kanamycin resistant gene to the next generation. These results indicate that OsMADS7 and 8 are structurally related to the AGL2 family and are involved in controlling flowering time.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Kang
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea
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43
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Kang HG, An G. Isolation and characterization of a rice MADS box gene belonging to the AGL2 gene family. Mol Cells 1997; 7:45-51. [PMID: 9085264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The MADS box genes that encode regulatory proteins play important roles in both the formation of flower meristem and the determination of floral organ identity. We have characterized a flower-specific cDNA that belongs to the AGL2 gene family from rice, designated OsMADS5. The cDNA displays the structure of a typical plant MADS box gene, which consists of a MADS domain, K domain, a short I region between the MADS and K domain, and the C-terminal region downstream of the K domain. The gene was classified as a member of the AGL2 gene family from sequence homology analysis. The OsMADS5 protein is the most similar to OsMADS1 of rice (72% identity). In spatial and temporal RNA blot analyses, the OsMADS5 gene was expressed preferentially in anthers and weakly in carpels. During flower development, the gene was more highly expressed in the early floral stage than in the late. To study the functions of the gene, the cDNA clone was expressed ectopically using the CaMV 35S promoter in a heterologous tobacco plant system. Transgenic plants of OsMADS5 exhibited the phenotype of weak dwarfism and early flowering. These results indicate that OsMADS5 is structurally related to the AGL2 family and may be involved in controlling flowering time.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Kang
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea
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Xu T, Liu NJ, Li CQ, Shangguan Y, Yu YX, Kang HG, Han JS. Cholecystokinin octapeptide reverses the kappa-opioid-receptor-mediated depression of calcium current in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Brain Res 1996; 730:207-11. [PMID: 8883905 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(96)00448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Although the cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) is reported to antagonize the kappa-opioid-receptor-mediated analgesic effect in spinal cord, its mechanism and sites of action remain obscure. In the present study, the whole-cell patch-clamp recording technique was employed to examine the effect of kappa-opioid agonist U50488H on voltage-gated calcium channels and the interaction between the CCK-8 and U50488H in acutely isolated rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. The results indicate that the calcium currents elicited in dorsal root ganglion neurons can be depressed by U50488H, an effect readily reversed by the kappa-opioid receptor antagonist Nor-BNI or by the antiopioid peptide CCK-8. The effect of the CCK-8 can be abolished by the CCK-B receptor antagonist, L365,260. While CCK-8 showed a potent opioid-reversal effect, it by itself exerted a slight inhibitory effect on calcium current. This novel observation in the dorsal root ganglion neurons indicates that CCK-8 can antagonize the kappa-opioid-receptor-mediated depressant effect on voltage-gated calcium current, and this antagonizing effect appears to be mediated via CCK-B receptor.
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MESH Headings
- 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer
- Animals
- Calcium Channels/drug effects
- Calcium Channels/physiology
- Electric Conductivity
- Female
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/physiology
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/physiology
- Pyrrolidines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/physiology
- Sincalide/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- T Xu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Beijing Medical University, People's Republic of China
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Niu XW, Zeng T, Qu AL, Kang HG, Dai SP, Yao WX, Jiang MX. Effects of 7-bromoethoxybenzene-tetrahydropalmatine on voltage-dependent currents in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1996; 17:227-9. [PMID: 9812742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the anti-arrhythmic mechanism of 7-bromoethoxybenzene-tetrahydropalmatine (EBP). METHODS Whole-cell current and voltage clamp on isolated guinea pig ventricular cells. RESULTS EBP 30 mumol.L-1 prolonged APD90 from 430 +/- 47 ms to 514 +/- 61 ms (n = 5, P < 0.05) without effects on the action potential amplitude and resting potential. Delayed outward K+ current and its tail current were blocked by EBP in a concentration-dependent fashion, while EBP did not change the amplitudes of the sodium current, the L type calcium current, and the inwardly rectifying potassium current. CONCLUSION The mechanism of anti-arrhythmic action of EBP was to prolong the APD through inhibiting the delayed rectified potassium current.
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Affiliation(s)
- X W Niu
- Institute of Biophysics & Biochemistry, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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46
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Liu NJ, Xu T, Xu C, Li CQ, Yu YX, Kang HG, Han JS. Cholecystokinin octapeptide reverses mu-opioid-receptor-mediated inhibition of calcium current in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 275:1293-9. [PMID: 8531095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) is reported to antagonize the analgesic effect produced by mu- and kappa- but not delta-opioid agonist in spinal cord. However, the mechanisms of interaction remain obscure. In the present study, whole-cell patch-clamp recording was performed on acutely isolated rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to evaluate the effects of the highly specific mu-opioid agonist ohmefentanyl and the delta-opioid agonist DPDPE on voltage-gated calcium channels and the possible interaction between CCK-8 receptor and mu- or delta-opioid receptor. The results indicated that ohmefentanyl, but not DPDPE, can suppress the voltage-gated calcium currents elicited in DRG neurons, an effect readily reversed by naloxone or by the antiopioid peptide CCK-8. The effect of CCK-8 can in turn be abolished by the CCK-B receptor antagonist L365,260. CCK-8 used by itself has no enhancing effect, but rather a depressant effect, on calcium currents. However, used simultaneously with ohmefentanyl, CCK-8 shows a clear-cut reversal of depression of the mu-opioid. We conclude that the depressant effect produced by mu-opioid on voltage-gated calcium current in DRG neurons can be antagonized by CCK-8 through CCK-B receptor located in the same neuron. The delta-opioid DPDPE has no direct effect on the voltage-gated calcium current in DRG neurons.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-
- Enkephalins/pharmacology
- Fentanyl/analogs & derivatives
- Fentanyl/pharmacology
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Ion Channel Gating
- Male
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/physiology
- Sincalide/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Liu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Beijing Medical University, China
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47
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Sohn M, Park EC, Kang HG, Kim HJ, Hur YJ. Cross-specialty linkage and extrapolation of resource-based relative value scales. Yonsei Med J 1995; 36:497-507. [PMID: 8599251 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.1995.36.6.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This article describes methods used to produce a RBRVS (resource-based relative value scales), a common scale from two specialties (internal medicine and general surgery) and explains the newly developed extrapolation process within each specialty. To produce a common scale, we selected six 'same' services as linking services common to both specialties. Then we used the bi-weighted least squares method to locate all the same services on a single, common scale. By using the same method, we tried to extrapolate all the services within each specialty, not by the method of Kelly et al, dividing all the services within the specialty into families (small homogeneous groups of services) to apply charge-based ratios. To compare both methods, we extrapolated all the services of general surgery according to each method. With the correlation analysis to compare both results to American RVUs, we found that general surgery's RVUs from our own extrapolation method turned out to be more highly correlated with American RVUs than from Kelly's extrapolation method. Consequently, extrapolation with bi-weighted least squares method gave reasonable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sohn
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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48
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Kang HG, Noh YS, Chung YY, Costa MA, An K, An G. Phenotypic alterations of petal and sepal by ectopic expression of a rice MADS box gene in tobacco. Plant Mol Biol 1995; 29:1-10. [PMID: 7579155 DOI: 10.1007/bf00019114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Floral organ development is controlled by a group of regulatory factors containing the MADS domain. In this study, we have isolated and characterized a cDNA clone from rice, OsMADS3, which encodes a MADS-domain containing protein. The OsMADS3 amino acid sequence shows over 60% identity to AG of Arabidopsis, PLE of Antirrhinum majus, and AG/PLE homologues of petunia, tobacco, tomato, Brassica napus, and maize. Homology in the MADS box region is most conserved. RNA blot analysis indicated that the rice MADS gene was preferentially expressed in reproductive organs, especially in stamen and carpel. In situ localization studies showed that the transcript was present primarily in stamen and carpel. The function of the rice OsMADS3 was elucidated by ectopic expression of the gene under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter in a heterologous tobacco plant system. Transgenic plants exhibited an altered morphology and coloration of the perianth organs. Sepals were pale green and elongated. Limbs of the corolla were split into sections which in some plants became antheroid structures attached to tubes that resembled filaments. The phenotypes mimic the results of ectopic expression of dicot AG gene or AG homologues. These results indicate that the OsMADS3 gene is possibly an AG homologue and that the AG genes appear to be structurally and functionally conserved between dicot and monocot.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Kang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6340, USA
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Abstract
Two beta-glucosidases, P-I and P-II, were purified from the culture filtrate of Aspergillus nidulans. The M(r) values of P-I and P-II were about 125,000 and 50,000, respectively. The isoelectric point, optimal pH and temperature, Michaelis constants for several substrates and inhibition constants for glucose and glucono-delta-lactone of each enzyme were determined. We conclude that the high affinity toward cellobiose and low inhibition by glucose of these enzymes may offer significant advantages in improving cellulose hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Korea
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