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Diago-Sempere E, Bueno JL, Sancho-López A, Rubio EM, Torres F, de Molina RM, Fernández-Cruz A, de Diego IS, Velasco-Iglesias A, Payares-Herrera C, Flecha IC, Avendaño-Solà C, Palomino RD, Ramos-Martínez A, Ruiz-Antorán B. Evaluation of convalescent plasma versus standard of care for the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: study protocol for a phase 2 randomized, open-label, controlled, multicenter trial. Trials 2021; 22:70. [PMID: 33472681 PMCID: PMC7816149 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-05011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and causes substantial morbidity and mortality. At the time this clinical trial was planned, there were no available vaccine or therapeutic agents with proven efficacy, but the severity of the condition prompted the use of several pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. It has long been hypothesized that the use of convalescent plasma (CP) from infected patients who have developed an effective immune response is likely to be an option for the treatment of patients with a variety of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) of viral etiology. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma in adult patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS/DESIGN The ConPlas-19 study is a multicenter, randomized, open-label controlled trial. The study has been planned to include 278 adult patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 infection not requiring mechanical ventilation (invasive or non-invasive). Subjects are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio (139 per treatment arm), stratified by center, to receive intravenously administered CP (single infusion) plus SOC or SOC alone, and are to be followed for 30 days. The primary endpoint of the study is the proportion of patients that progress to category 5, 6, or 7 (on the 7-point ordinal scale proposed by the WHO) at day 15. Interim analyses for efficacy and/or futility will be conducted once 20%, 40%, and 60% of the planned sample size are enrolled and complete D15 assessment. DISCUSSION This clinical trial is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of passive immunotherapy with convalescent plasma for the treatment of adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The results of this study are expected to contribute to establishing the potential place of CP in the therapeutics for a new viral disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04345523 . Registered on 30 March, 2020. First posted date: April 14, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Diago-Sempere
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro - Segovia de Arana, c/ Manuel de Falla 1, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Bueno
- Hemotherapy & Apheresis Units, Hematology and Hemotherapy Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Sancho-López
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro - Segovia de Arana, c/ Manuel de Falla 1, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Múñez Rubio
- Internal Medicine Department, Infectious diseases unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ferrán Torres
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Medical Statistics core facility – IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Malo de Molina
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Cruz
- Internal Medicine Department, Infectious diseases unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Salcedo de Diego
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro - Segovia de Arana, c/ Manuel de Falla 1, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Concepción Payares-Herrera
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro - Segovia de Arana, c/ Manuel de Falla 1, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Casas Flecha
- Flu and Respiratory Virus Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Avendaño-Solà
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro - Segovia de Arana, c/ Manuel de Falla 1, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Duarte Palomino
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Ramos-Martínez
- Internal Medicine Department, Infectious diseases unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Ruiz-Antorán
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro - Segovia de Arana, c/ Manuel de Falla 1, 28222 Madrid, Spain
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Echevarría Mayo JM, Avellón Calvo AAC, Cabrerizo Sanz M, Casas Flecha I, Echevarría Mayo JE, de Ory Manchón FDOM, Negredo Antón A, Pozo Sánchez F, Sánchez-Seco Fariñas MP, Tarragó Asensio D, Trallero Masó G. [Viral epidemic outbreaks and public health alerts studied at the National Centre of Microbiology during a two-year period (2012-2013]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2016; 90:E16. [PMID: 27007553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
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Larrauri Cámara A, Jiménez-Jorge S, Mateo Ontañón SD, Pozo Sánchez F, Ledesma Moreno J, Casas Flecha I. Epidemiology of the 2009 influenza pandemic in Spain. The Spanish Influenza Surveillance System. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2013; 30 Suppl 4:2-9. [PMID: 23116786 DOI: 10.1016/s0213-005x(12)70098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In accordance with European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control recommendations, the Spanish Influenza Surveillance System (SISS) maintained its activity during the summer of 2009, and since July 2009 the pandemic virus activity was monitored by the SISS. In this paper, we describe the epidemiological and virological characteristics of the 2009 pandemic in the Spain through the SISS. Spain experienced a transmission of the new A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus during the summer of 2009, which gradually increased, resulting in the pandemic wave in early autumn of that year. The reproductive number R0, estimated during the growth phase of the pandemic wave (1.32; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 1.29-1.36), showed a transmissibility comparable to preceding pandemics. There was an almost complete replacement of the previous seasonal A(H1N1) influenza virus by the pandemic virus A(H1N1)pdm09. The pandemic virus produced a greater burden of illness than seasonal influenza in children younger than 15 years old, while the incidence in those older than 64 years was lower compared with previous inter-pandemic seasons. Nevertheless, in Spain the 2009 pandemic was characterized as mild, considering the duration of the pandemic period and the influenza detection rate, both in the range of those observed in previous inter-pandemic seasons. Also, the case fatality ratio (CFR) was estimated at 0.58 deaths/1,000 confirmed ILI cases (95%CI, 0.52-0.64), in the range of the two previous pandemics of 1957 and 1968, with the highest CFR observed in the older than 64 years age group. In the 2009 pandemic there was a higher percentage of pandemic confirmed deaths in the younger ages, compared to seasonal influenza, since only 28% of the reported deaths occurred in persons aged 64 years and older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Larrauri Cámara
- Área de Vigilancia de la Salud Pública, Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Olalla Sierra J, Ory Manchón FD, Casas Flecha I, Montiel Quezel-Guerraz N, Salas Bravo D. [Asymptomatic infection by influenza AH1N1 virus in healthcare workers: MARBEGRIP study, preliminary results]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2011; 85:63-71. [PMID: 21750844 DOI: 10.1590/s1135-57272011000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proportion of asymptomatic individuals infected by influenza AH1N1v varies depending on the studies. Health personnel were exposed to the AH1N1v virus due to their professional activity, thus an high seroprevalence to the virus could be expected in the absence of symptomatology. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic individuals serologically positive for influenza AH1N1v virus. METHODS A cohort based prospective study on hospital staff was proposed according to an hypothetic decreasing gradient of exposure to the virus, from emergency personnel to medical and surgical areas, and auxiliary staff other than emergency personnel. Serum sample from each participant was taken in September-October, 2009, November-December, 2009, and in April-May, 2010; and a health questionnaire was simultaneously filled out. Specific antibodies against influenza AH1N1v were detected by hemagglutination inhibition test. Eighteen hospitals (1,371 individuals) participated in the study. RESULTS Health questionnaire and serological results from four hospitals are available. A variable proportion of non vaccinated individuals showed positive serology (5.6-83%). Only 19.4% of subjects received vaccine, with a variable rate of positive serology (18.8-64.7%). Positive serology was significantly lower in non medical participants. In addition, vaccine coverage was higher in medical personnel than in the rest of professional categories. CONCLUSIONS There was a variable percentage of influenza AH1N1v seropositive individuals who had not suffered clinical symptomatology. This serological study detects differences on vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Olalla Sierra
- Unidad de Medicina Interna, Hospital Costa del Sol, Carretera Nacional 340, Marbella.
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Cuevas González-Nicolás MT, Ledesma Moreno J, Pozo Sánchez F, Casas Flecha I, Pérez-Breña P. [Pandemic influenza A(H1N1): the experience of the Spanish Laboratories of Influenza Network (ReLEG)]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2011; 84:481-95. [PMID: 21203714 DOI: 10.1590/s1135-57272010000500003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are three types of influenza viruses: A, B, C. These viruses evolves constantly due to two main characteristics: the first one is the lack of the correction ability of the viral polymerase which causes the accumulation of single nucleotide mutations in the viral genes introduced by an error-prone viral RNA polymerase, (antigenic shift). The second one is the nature of their genome, formed by eight segments, which allows the interchange of genes between two different viral strains (antigenic drift). This viral plasticity, has allowed to the influenza A viruses to infect new host species and to cause infections with a pandemic characteristics. The Spanish influenza surveillance system, SVGE (its Spanish acronym), arises as a response to the possibility of facing a pandemic situation, especially after the transmission of avian influenza viruses to humans. This surveillance system is formed by sixteen physician and paediatrics network, nineteen epidemiological services coordinated by the National Epidemiological Centre (CNE) and eighteen laboratories , the Spanish Laboratories of Influenza network (ReLEG), coordinated by the National Centre of Microbiology. The aim of this article is to show the action of the ReLEG, in the pandemic caused by the influenza virus A(H1N1) during the season 2009-2010. The main objective of this network is the surveillance of the circulating viruses by means of their detection and their subsequent antigenic and genetic characterization, including the detection of resistance mutations against the main drugs, such as Oseltamivir.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinovirus is a recognized cause of common cold, proven to cause asthma exacerbations in children. In Spain, no description exists, as yet, as to the degree of burden rhinovirus infections represent among hospitalized infants. Our aim was to describe rhinovirus infections in hospitalized children, under 2 years of age, and to compare these with patients infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). PATIENTS AND METHODS The prospective study was performed between September 2003 and July 2005, in children <2 years of age, admitted at the Severo Ochoa Hospital (Leganés, Madrid) with fever or respiratory tract infection and with positive rhinovirus detection in the nasopharyngeal aspirate samples. Virologic diagnosis was made by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and for some virus by direct immunofluorescent assay in nasopharyngeal samples. Demographic and clinical data of those patients with rhinovirus infection were described and compared with a group of 86 patients, infected only with RSV, randomly selected from the same population. RESULTS We detected 85 children admitted to hospital with rhinovirus infection. Rhinovirus was the cause of 25% of all admissions, among the total of 340 under 2-year olds diagnosed with fever or respiratory tract infection. Rhinovirus was the second viral agent identified, after RSV. Clinical diagnosis was recurrent wheezing in 48.2%; bronchiolitis in 36.5%; and pneumonia in 3.5%. Fever was present in 60% of the patients. Radiologic infiltrates were found in 22.4% of the children. In 50.6% of the infants, oxygen saturation under 95% was detected, at the time of admission. Hypoxia was present in RSV-infected children more frequently (P = 0.005). Also, in this group, final diagnosis was, most frequently, bronchiolitis (P = 0.0001), and rhinovirus-infected patients were most frequently males (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Rhinovirus was detected in hospitalized infants with respiratory tract disease and was the second most common virus after RSV. In our experience, it was the second etiologic agent associated with recurrent wheezing in hospitalized children, under the age of 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Calvo
- Pediatrics Department, Severo Ochoa Hospital, Virology Service: ISCIII National Microbiology Center, Madrid, Spain.
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Buitrago Serna MJ, Casas Flecha I, Eiros-Bouza JM, Escudero Nieto R, Giovanni Fedele C, Jado García I, Pozo Sánchez F, Rubio Muñoz JM, Sánchez-Seco Fariñas MP, Valdezate Ramos S, Verdejo Ortes J. [Biodefense: a new challenge for microbiology and public health]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2007; 25:190-8. [PMID: 17335699 DOI: 10.1157/13099372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioterrorism and the potential use of biological weapons has become an important concern of governments and responsible authorities. An example of this threat occurred in 2001 in the USA, when letters were sent containing spores of the agent that produces anthrax; this resulted in some deaths, and caused panic and negative effects on the world economy. If this small-scale event was able to cause such a huge impact, the repercussions of a massive attack could be catastrophic. In many countries, these events have resulted in the implementation of measures directed toward preventing and responding to bioterrorist threats and acts. As a whole, these measures are known as biodefense. This article briefly analyzes several aspects related to detecting and identifying acts of bioterrorism, and considers the biological agents that are implicated. The microbiological diagnosis that allows identification of the causal agent, a key point for taking suitable control measures, is also included.
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