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Bose AK, Doležal J, Scherrer D, Altman J, Ziche D, Martínez-Sancho E, Bigler C, Bolte A, Colangelo M, Dorado-Liñán I, Drobyshev I, Etzold S, Fonti P, Gessler A, Kolář T, Koňasová E, Korznikov KA, Lebourgeois F, Lucas-Borja ME, Menzel A, Neuwirth B, Nicolas M, Omelko AM, Pederson N, Petritan AM, Rigling A, Rybníček M, Scharnweber T, Schröder J, Silla F, Sochová I, Sohar K, Ukhvatkina ON, Vozmishcheva AS, Zweifel R, Camarero JJ. Revealing legacy effects of extreme droughts on tree growth of oaks across the Northern Hemisphere. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:172049. [PMID: 38552974 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Forests are undergoing increasing risks of drought-induced tree mortality. Species replacement patterns following mortality may have a significant impact on the global carbon cycle. Among major hardwoods, deciduous oaks (Quercus spp.) are increasingly reported as replacing dying conifers across the Northern Hemisphere. Yet, our knowledge on the growth responses of these oaks to drought is incomplete, especially regarding post-drought legacy effects. The objectives of this study were to determine the occurrence, duration, and magnitude of legacy effects of extreme droughts and how that vary across species, sites, and drought characteristics. The legacy effects were quantified by the deviation of observed from expected radial growth indices in the period 1940-2016. We used stand-level chronologies from 458 sites and 21 oak species primarily from Europe, north-eastern America, and eastern Asia. We found that legacy effects of droughts could last from 1 to 5 years after the drought and were more prolonged in dry sites. Negative legacy effects (i.e., lower growth than expected) were more prevalent after repetitive droughts in dry sites. The effect of repetitive drought was stronger in Mediterranean oaks especially in Quercus faginea. Species-specific analyses revealed that Q. petraea and Q. macrocarpa from dry sites were more negatively affected by the droughts while growth of several oak species from mesic sites increased during post-drought years. Sites showing positive correlations to winter temperature showed little to no growth depression after drought, whereas sites with a positive correlation to previous summer water balance showed decreased growth. This may indicate that although winter warming favors tree growth during droughts, previous-year summer precipitation may predispose oak trees to current-year extreme droughts. Our results revealed a massive role of repetitive droughts in determining legacy effects and highlighted how growth sensitivity to climate, drought seasonality and species-specific traits drive the legacy effects in deciduous oak species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Bose
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.
| | - Jiri Doležal
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Scherrer
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Ziche
- Faculty of Forest and Environment, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Elisabet Martínez-Sancho
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Department of Biological Evolution, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christof Bigler
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), Universitätstrasse, 22, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Bolte
- Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Alfred-Moeller-Str. 1, Haus 41/42, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Michele Colangelo
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, Apdo. 202, Zaragoza E-50192, Spain; Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari, e Ambientali, Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Isabel Dorado-Liñán
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, E.T.S.I. Montes Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Igor Drobyshev
- Southern Swedish Research Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden; Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Québec, Canada
| | - Sophia Etzold
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Fonti
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), Universitätstrasse, 22, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tomáš Kolář
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Koňasová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Annette Menzel
- Technische Universität München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, Germany; Technische Universität München, Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany
| | | | - Manuel Nicolas
- Departement Recherche et Développement, ONF, Office National des Fôrets, Batiment B, Boulevard de Constance, Fontainebleau F 77300, France
| | - Alexander Mikhaylovich Omelko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Neil Pederson
- Harvard Forest, 324 N.Main St, Petersham, MA 01366, USA
| | - Any Mary Petritan
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Dracea", Eroilor 128, 077190 Voluntari, Romania
| | - Andreas Rigling
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), Universitätstrasse, 22, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michal Rybníček
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tobias Scharnweber
- DendroGreif, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstr.15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens Schröder
- Faculty of Forest and Environment, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Fernando Silla
- Departamento Biología Animal, Parasitología, Ecología, Edafología y Química Agrícola, University Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Irena Sochová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Sohar
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Olga Nikolaevna Ukhvatkina
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Anna Stepanovna Vozmishcheva
- Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia; Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Roman Zweifel
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, Apdo. 202, Zaragoza E-50192, Spain
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2
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Pernicová N, Urban O, Čáslavský J, Kolář T, Rybníček M, Sochová I, Peñuelas J, Bošeľa M, Trnka M. Impacts of elevated CO 2 levels and temperature on photosynthesis and stomatal closure along an altitudinal gradient are counteracted by the rising atmospheric vapor pressure deficit. Sci Total Environ 2024; 921:171173. [PMID: 38401718 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The efficiency of water use in plants, a critical ecophysiological parameter closely related to water and carbon cycles, is essential for understanding the interactions between plants and their environment. This study investigates the effects of ongoing climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration on intrinsic (stomata-based; iWUE) and evaporative (transpiration-based; eWUE) water use efficiency in oak trees along a naturally small altitudinal gradient (130-630 m a.s.l.) of Vihorlat Mountains (eastern Slovakia, Central Europe). To assess changes in iWUE and eWUE values over the past 60 years (1961-2020), stable carbon isotope ratios in latewood cellulose (δ13Ccell) of annually resolved tree rings were analyzed. Such an approach was sensitive enough to distinguish tree responses to growth environments at different altitudes. Our findings revealed a rising trend in iWUE, particularly in oak trees at low and middle altitudes. However, this increase was negligible at high altitudes. Warmer and drier conditions at lower altitudes likely led to significant stomatal closure and enhanced efficiency in photosynthetic CO2 uptake due to rising CO2 concentration. Conversely, the increasing intracellular-to-ambient CO2 ratio (Ci/Ca) at higher altitudes indicated lower efficiency in photosynthetic CO2 uptake. In contrast to iWUE, eWUE showed no increasing trends over the last 60 years. This suggests that the positive impacts of elevated CO2 concentrations and temperature on photosynthesis and stomatal closure are counteracted by the rising atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD). These differences underscore the importance of the correct interpretation of stomata-based and transpiration-based WUEs and highlight the necessity of atmospheric VPD correction when applying tree-ring δ13C-derived WUE at ecosystem and global levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natálie Pernicová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Čáslavský
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kolář
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Rybníček
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Sochová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Michal Bošeľa
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, SK-960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Trnka
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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3
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Jevšenak J, Klisz M, Mašek J, Čada V, Janda P, Svoboda M, Vostarek O, Treml V, van der Maaten E, Popa A, Popa I, van der Maaten-Theunissen M, Zlatanov T, Scharnweber T, Ahlgrimm S, Stolz J, Sochová I, Roibu CC, Pretzsch H, Schmied G, Uhl E, Kaczka R, Wrzesiński P, Šenfeldr M, Jakubowski M, Tumajer J, Wilmking M, Obojes N, Rybníček M, Lévesque M, Potapov A, Basu S, Stojanović M, Stjepanović S, Vitas A, Arnič D, Metslaid S, Neycken A, Prislan P, Hartl C, Ziche D, Horáček P, Krejza J, Mikhailov S, Světlík J, Kalisty A, Kolář T, Lavnyy V, Hordo M, Oberhuber W, Levanič T, Mészáros I, Schneider L, Lehejček J, Shetti R, Bošeľa M, Copini P, Koprowski M, Sass-Klaassen U, Izmir ŞC, Bakys R, Entner H, Esper J, Janecka K, Martinez Del Castillo E, Verbylaite R, Árvai M, de Sauvage JC, Čufar K, Finner M, Hilmers T, Kern Z, Novak K, Ponjarac R, Puchałka R, Schuldt B, Škrk Dolar N, Tanovski V, Zang C, Žmegač A, Kuithan C, Metslaid M, Thurm E, Hafner P, Krajnc L, Bernabei M, Bojić S, Brus R, Burger A, D'Andrea E, Đorem T, Gławęda M, Gričar J, Gutalj M, Horváth E, Kostić S, Matović B, Merela M, Miletić B, Morgós A, Paluch R, Pilch K, Rezaie N, Rieder J, Schwab N, Sewerniak P, Stojanović D, Ullmann T, Waszak N, Zin E, Skudnik M, Oštir K, Rammig A, Buras A. Incorporating high-resolution climate, remote sensing and topographic data to map annual forest growth in central and eastern Europe. Sci Total Environ 2024; 913:169692. [PMID: 38160816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
To enhance our understanding of forest carbon sequestration, climate change mitigation and drought impact on forest ecosystems, the availability of high-resolution annual forest growth maps based on tree-ring width (TRW) would provide a significant advancement to the field. Site-specific characteristics, which can be approximated by high-resolution Earth observation by satellites (EOS), emerge as crucial drivers of forest growth, influencing how climate translates into tree growth. EOS provides information on surface reflectance related to forest characteristics and thus can potentially improve the accuracy of forest growth models based on TRW. Through the modelling of TRW using EOS, climate and topography data, we showed that species-specific models can explain up to 52 % of model variance (Quercus petraea), while combining different species results in relatively poor model performance (R2 = 13 %). The integration of EOS into models based solely on climate and elevation data improved the explained variance by 6 % on average. Leveraging these insights, we successfully generated a map of annual TRW for the year 2021. We employed the area of applicability (AOA) approach to delineate the range in which our models are deemed valid. The calculated AOA for the established forest-type models was 73 % of the study region, indicating robust spatial applicability. Notably, unreliable predictions predominantly occurred in the climate margins of our dataset. In conclusion, our large-scale assessment underscores the efficacy of combining climate, EOS and topographic data to develop robust models for mapping annual TRW. This research not only fills a critical void in the current understanding of forest growth dynamics but also highlights the potential of integrated data sources for comprehensive ecosystem assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Jevšenak
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department for Forest and Landscape Planning and Monitoring, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Slovenia.
| | - Marcin Klisz
- Dendrolab IBL, Department of Silviculture and Forest Tree Genetics, Forest Research Institute, Poland
| | - Jiří Mašek
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Čada
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Janda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Vostarek
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Treml
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | | | - Andrei Popa
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Drăcea", Romania; Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
| | - Ionel Popa
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Drăcea", Romania
| | | | - Tzvetan Zlatanov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria
| | - Tobias Scharnweber
- DendroGreif, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Germany
| | - Svenja Ahlgrimm
- DendroGreif, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Germany
| | - Juliane Stolz
- Chair of Forest Growth and Woody Biomass Production, TU Dresden, Germany; Department of Forest Planning/Forest Research/Information Systems, Research Unit Silviculture and Forest Growth, Landesforst Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Irena Sochová
- Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Cătălin-Constantin Roibu
- Forest Biometrics Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, "Stefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, Romania
| | - Hans Pretzsch
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmied
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Enno Uhl
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, Germany
| | - Ryszard Kaczka
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Piotr Wrzesiński
- Dendrolab IBL, Department of Silviculture and Forest Tree Genetics, Forest Research Institute, Poland
| | - Martin Šenfeldr
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcin Jakubowski
- Department of Forest Utilisation, Faculty of Forest and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Jan Tumajer
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Wilmking
- DendroGreif, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Germany
| | | | - Michal Rybníček
- Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Mathieu Lévesque
- Silviculture Group, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aleksei Potapov
- Chair of Forest and Land Management and Wood Processing Technologies, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia
| | - Soham Basu
- Department of Forest Ecology, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marko Stojanović
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Stjepanović
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Domen Arnič
- Department for Forest Technique and Economics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Slovenia
| | - Sandra Metslaid
- Chair of Forest and Land Management and Wood Processing Technologies, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia
| | - Anna Neycken
- Silviculture Group, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Prislan
- Department for Forest Technique and Economics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Slovenia
| | - Claudia Hartl
- Nature Rings - Environmental Research and Education, Germany; Panel on Planetary Thinking, Justus-Liebig-University, Germany
| | - Daniel Ziche
- Faculty of Forest and Environment, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Germany
| | - Petr Horáček
- Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krejza
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic; Department of Forest Ecology, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sergei Mikhailov
- Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Světlík
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic; Department of Forest Ecology, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Tomáš Kolář
- Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Vasyl Lavnyy
- Department of Silviculture, Ukrainian National Forestry University, Ukraine
| | - Maris Hordo
- Chair of Forest and Land Management and Wood Processing Technologies, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia
| | | | - Tom Levanič
- Department of Forest Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Slovenia; Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Slovenia
| | - Ilona Mészáros
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lea Schneider
- Department of Geography, Justus-Liebig-University, Germany
| | - Jiří Lehejček
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University, Czech Republic
| | - Rohan Shetti
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Bošeľa
- Department of Forest Management Planning and Informatics, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Paul Copini
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management (FEM), Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
| | - Marcin Koprowski
- Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland; Centre for Climate Change Research, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland
| | - Ute Sass-Klaassen
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management (FEM), Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands; van Hall Larenstein Applied University, the Netherlands
| | - Şule Ceyda Izmir
- Department of Forest Botany, Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Turkey
| | - Remigijus Bakys
- Department of Forestry, Kaunas Forestry and Environmental Engineering University of Applied Sciences, Lithuania
| | - Hannes Entner
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jan Esper
- Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany
| | - Karolina Janecka
- DendroGreif, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Germany; Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Rita Verbylaite
- Department of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Lithuania
| | - Mátyás Árvai
- Institute for Soil Sciences, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungary
| | | | - Katarina Čufar
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Markus Finner
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Torben Hilmers
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Zoltán Kern
- Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungary; CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klemen Novak
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radenko Ponjarac
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Radosław Puchałka
- Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland; Centre for Climate Change Research, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland
| | | | - Nina Škrk Dolar
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vladimir Tanovski
- Hans Em, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Ss. Cyril and Methodius, University in Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Christian Zang
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Forestry, University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Germany
| | - Anja Žmegač
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Forestry, University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Germany
| | - Cornell Kuithan
- Chair of Forest Growth and Woody Biomass Production, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Marek Metslaid
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia
| | - Eric Thurm
- Department of Forest Planning/Forest Research/Information Systems, Research Unit Silviculture and Forest Growth, Landesforst Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Polona Hafner
- Department of Forest Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Slovenia
| | - Luka Krajnc
- Department of Forest Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Slovenia
| | - Mauro Bernabei
- Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council, Italy
| | - Stefan Bojić
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Robert Brus
- Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreas Burger
- DendroGreif, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Germany
| | - Ettore D'Andrea
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Italy; National Biodiversity Future Centre - NBFC, Italy
| | - Todor Đorem
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mariusz Gławęda
- Stefan Żeromski High School No 2 with Bilingual Departments in Sieradz, Poland
| | - Jožica Gričar
- Department of Forest Physiology and Genetics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Slovenia
| | - Marko Gutalj
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Saša Kostić
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Bratislav Matović
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Maks Merela
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boban Miletić
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Rafał Paluch
- Dendrolab IBL, Department of Natural Forests, Forest Research Institute (IBL), Poland
| | - Kamil Pilch
- Dendrolab IBL, Department of Natural Forests, Forest Research Institute (IBL), Poland
| | - Negar Rezaie
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Italy
| | | | - Niels Schwab
- Centre for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Institute of Geography, Universität Hamburg, Germany
| | - Piotr Sewerniak
- Department of Soil Science and Landscape Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland
| | - Dejan Stojanović
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tobias Ullmann
- Department of Remote Sensing, Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nella Waszak
- Centre for Climate Change Research, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland
| | - Ewa Zin
- Dendrolab IBL, Department of Natural Forests, Forest Research Institute (IBL), Poland; Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sweden
| | - Mitja Skudnik
- Department for Forest and Landscape Planning and Monitoring, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Slovenia; Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Krištof Oštir
- Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Rammig
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Allan Buras
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany
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