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Philpott C, Kumaresan K, Fjaeldstad AW, Macchi A, Monti G, Frasnelli J, Konstantinidis I, Pinto J, Mullol J, Boardman J, Vodička J, Holbrook E, Ramakrishnan VR, Lechner M, Hummel T. Developing a core outcome set for clinical trials in olfactory disorders: a COMET initiative. Rhinology 2023; 0:3082. [PMID: 37243690 DOI: 10.4193/rhin22.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Evaluating the effectiveness of the management of Olfactory Dysfunction (OD) has been limited by a paucity of high-quality randomised and/or controlled trials. A major barrier is heterogeneity of outcomes in such studies. Core outcome sets (COS) -standardized sets of outcomes that should be measured/reported as determined by consensus-would help overcome this problem and facilitate future meta-analyses and/or systematic reviews (SRs). We set out to develop a COS for interventions for patients with OD. METHODS A long-list of potential outcomes was identified by a steering group utilising a literature review, thematic analysis of a wide range of stakeholders' views and systematic analysis of currently available Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs). A subsequent e-Delphi process allowed patients and healthcare practitioners to individually rate the outcomes in terms of importance on a 9-point Likert scale. RESULTS After 2 rounds of the iterative eDelphi process, the initial outcomes were distilled down to a final COS including subjective questions (visual analogue scores, quantitative and qualitative), quality of life measures, psychophysical testing of smell, baseline psychophysical testing of taste, and presence of side effects along with the investigational medicine/device and patient's symptom log. CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of these core outcomes in future trials will increase the value of research on clinical interventions for OD. We include recommendations regarding the outcomes that should be measured, although future work will be required to further develop and revalidate existing outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Philpott
- James Paget University Hospital, Great Yarmouth, United Kingdom
| | - K Kumaresan
- James Paget University Hospital, Great Yarmouth, United Kingdom
| | - A W Fjaeldstad
- Flavour Clinic, University Clinic for Flavour, Balance and Sleep, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Regional Hospital Gødstrup, Denmark
| | - A Macchi
- ENT University of Insubria, Italian Academy of Rhinology, Varese, Italy
| | - G Monti
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - J Frasnelli
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | | | - J Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - J Boardman
- Fifth Sense UK Charity, Bicester, United Kingdom
| | - J Vodička
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Regional Hospital and University of Pardubice, Czech Republic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Regional Hospital and Faculty of Heath Studies, University of Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - E Holbrook
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - V R Ramakrishnan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana
| | - M Lechner
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London and Barts Health NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - T Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden Germany
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Lechner M, Liu J, Counsell N, Gillespie D, Chandrasekharan D, Ta NH, Jumani K, Gupta R, Rocke J, Williams C, Tetteh A, Amnolsingh R, Khwaja S, Batterham RL, Yan CH, Treibel TA, Moon JC, Woods J, Brunton R, Boardman J, Hatter M, Abdelwahab M, Holsinger FC, Capasso R, Nayak JV, Hwang PH, Patel ZM, Paun S, Eynon-Lewis N, Kumar BN, Jayaraj S, Hopkins C, Philpott C, Lund VJ. The burden of olfactory dysfunction during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. Rhinology 2023; 61:93-96. [PMID: 36286227 DOI: 10.4193/rhin22.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Lechner
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK; UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK; ENT Department, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J Liu
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Counsell
- CRUK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Gillespie
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Chandrasekharan
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - N H Ta
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - K Jumani
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - R Gupta
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Rocke
- ENT Department, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
| | - C Williams
- ENT Department, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
| | - A Tetteh
- ENT Department, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Amnolsingh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - S Khwaja
- Department of Otolaryngology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - R L Batterham
- Centre for Obesity Research, University College London, London, UK; Bariatric Centre for Weight Management and Metabolic Surgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research, UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - C H Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, USA
| | - T A Treibel
- National Institute for Health Research, UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - J C Moon
- National Institute for Health Research, UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - J Woods
- The Norfolk Smell and Taste Clinic, Norfolk and Waveney ENT Service, UK
| | - R Brunton
- ENT Department, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - M Hatter
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - M Abdelwahab
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - F C Holsinger
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - R Capasso
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - J V Nayak
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - P H Hwang
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Z M Patel
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - S Paun
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Eynon-Lewis
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - B N Kumar
- ENT Department, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
| | - S Jayaraj
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - C Hopkins
- ENT Department, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C Philpott
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; The Norfolk Smell and Taste Clinic, Norfolk and Waveney ENT Service, UK
| | - V J Lund
- Royal National ENT Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
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Drummond S, Lim J, Boardman J, Anderson C, Dickinson D. Sleep Restriction impairs the ability to integrate multiple pieces of information into a decision. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lechner M, Liu J, Counsell N, Gillespie D, Chandrasekharan D, Ta NH, Jumani K, Gupta R, Rao-Merugumala S, Rocke J, Williams C, Tetteh A, Amnolsingh R, Khwaja S, Batterham RL, Yan CH, Treibel TA, Moon JC, Woods J, Brunton R, Boardman J, Paun S, Eynon-Lewis N, Kumar BN, Jayaraj S, Hopkins C, Philpott C, Lund VJ. The COVANOS trial - insight into post-COVID olfactory dysfunction and the role of smell training. Rhinology 2022; 60:188-199. [PMID: 35901492 DOI: 10.4193/rhin21.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory dysfunction is a cardinal symptom of COVID-19 infection, however, studies assessing long-term olfactory dysfunction are limited and no randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) of early olfactory training have been conducted. METHODOLOGY We conducted a prospective, multi-centre study consisting of baseline psychophysical measurements of smell and taste function. Eligible participants were further recruited into a 12-week RCT of olfactory training versus control (safety information). Patient-reported outcomes were measured using an electronic survey and BSIT at baseline and 12 weeks. An additional 1-year follow-up was open to all participants. RESULTS 218 individuals with a sudden loss of sense of smell of at least 4-weeks were recruited. Psychophysical smell loss was observed in only 32.1%; 63 participants were recruited into the RCT. The absolute difference in BSIT improvement after 12 weeks was 0.45 higher in the intervention arm. 76 participants completed 1-year follow-up; 10/19 (52.6%) of participants with an abnormal baseline BSIT test scored below the normal threshold at 1-year, and 24/29 (82.8%) had persistent parosmia. CONCLUSIONS Early olfactory training may be helpful, although our findings are inconclusive. Notably, a number of individuals who completed the 1-year assessment had persistent smell loss and parosmia at 1-year. As such, both should be considered important entities of long-Covid and further studies to improve management are highly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lechner
- ENT Department, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK; UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Liu
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Counsell
- CRUK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Gillespie
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - N H Ta
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - K Jumani
- ENT Department, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - R Gupta
- ENT Department, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - J Rocke
- ENT Department, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
| | - C Williams
- ENT Department, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
| | - A Tetteh
- ENT Department, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Amnolsingh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - S Khwaja
- Department of Otolaryngology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - R L Batterham
- Centre for Obesity Research, University College London, London, UK; Bariatric Centre for Weight Management and Metabolic Surgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research, UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - C H Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, USA
| | - T A Treibel
- National Institute for Health Research, UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - J C Moon
- National Institute for Health Research, UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - J Woods
- The Norfolk Smell and Taste Clinic, Norfolk
| | - R Brunton
- ENT Department, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - S Paun
- ENT Department, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - B N Kumar
- ENT Department, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
| | - S Jayaraj
- ENT Department, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - C Hopkins
- ENT Department, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C Philpott
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; The Norfolk Smell and Taste Clinic, Norfolk and Waveney ENT Service, UK
| | - V J Lund
- Royal National ENT Hospital, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Robinette J, Boardman J, Crimmins E. NEIGHBORHOOD SOCIAL COHESION AND CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK: A GENE X ENVIRONMENT STUDY. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.3091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - E Crimmins
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Abstract
Uganda has a rich history of medical education (Odonga, 1989) that was severely harmed by the rise of Idi Amin and the years of internal strife. It is only over recent years that the country has begun to rebuild itself (Boardman & Ovuga, 1997).
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Hicks MD, Buratti BJ, Nettles J, Staid M, Sunshine J, Pieters CM, Besse S, Boardman J. A photometric function for analysis of lunar images in the visual and infrared based on Moon Mineralogy Mapper observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010je003733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pieters CM, Goswami JN, Clark RN, Annadurai M, Boardman J, Buratti B, Combe JP, Dyar MD, Green R, Head JW, Hibbitts C, Hicks M, Isaacson P, Klima R, Kramer G, Kumar S, Livo E, Lundeen S, Malaret E, McCord T, Mustard J, Nettles J, Petro N, Runyon C, Staid M, Sunshine J, Taylor LA, Tompkins S, Varanasi P. Character and Spatial Distribution of OH/H2O on the Surface of the Moon Seen by M3 on Chandrayaan-1. Science 2009; 326:568-72. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1178658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Bouras N, Martin G, Leese M, Vanstraelen M, Holt G, Thomas C, Hindler C, Boardman J. Schizophrenia-spectrum psychoses in people with and without intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res 2004; 48:548-555. [PMID: 15312055 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2004.00623.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is an increased risk of schizophrenia-spectrum psychoses (SSP) in people with intellectual disability (ID), there is a paucity of research evidence into clinical presentation of the disorder in comparison with research into SSP in people without ID. AIMS The aims of the study were to compare clinical, functional, and social factors in patients with mild ID (ICD-10: F70) and SSP (ICD-10: F20-9) attending a specialist mental health service for people with ID, with a control group of patients without ID but with SSP attending a generic adult mental health (GAMH) outpatient clinic. METHOD A total of 106 patients with SSP (53 with ID and 53 from GAMH) were assessed on psychopathological symptoms, functioning scales and quality of life. They were compared using chi-squared and regression analysis where appropriate. RESULTS People with ID and SSP appear to be more debilitated by the co-occurring disorder than those with the same disorder but without ID. Increases in observable psychopathology and "negative" schizophrenic symptoms, and decreased functional abilities were observed in the group with ID when compared to the GAMH group. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bouras
- Estia Centre, York Clinic, Guy's Hospital, 47 Weston Street, London SE1 3RR, UK.
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Boardman J. The Quick PsychoDiagnostics Panel was accurate for identifying psychiatric disorders in primary care. Evidence-Based Mental Health 2001. [DOI: 10.1136/ebmh.4.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Leckman JF, Grice DE, Boardman J, Zhang H, Vitale A, Bondi C, Alsobrook J, Peterson BS, Cohen DJ, Rasmussen SA, Goodman WK, McDougle CJ, Pauls DL. Symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:911-7. [PMID: 9210740 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.154.7.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obsessive-compulsive disorder encompasses a broad range of symptoms that represent multiple psychological domains, including perception, cognition, emotion, social relatedness, and diverse motor behaviors. The purpose of these analyses was to evaluate the correlational relationships of the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. METHOD This study examined the 13 a priori categories used to group types of obsessions and compulsions in the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale symptom checklist in two independent groups of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (N = 208 and N = 98). A principal-components factor analysis with varimax rotation was performed, followed by a series of other exploratory analyses. RESULTS The two data sets yielded nearly identical results. Four factors--obsessions and checking, symmetry and ordering, cleanliness and washing, and boarding--emerged in each data set, in total accounting for more than 60% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a multidimensional and etiologically heterogeneous condition. The four symptom dimensions identified in this study are largely congruent with those identified in earlier reports. These factors may be of value in future genetic, neurobiological, and treatment response studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Leckman
- Child Study Center, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-7900, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the current status of knowledge of Tourette's syndrome (TS) and to highlight those areas of research that are most likely to have the most significant advances in the next few years into the 21st century. METHOD Index Medicus was consulted from its beginning in 1885 until 1964 (inclusive), looking initially under the title 'tics' and subsequently under 'Tourette's Disorder'. From 1965 and the advent of MEDLINE, a search was performed looking for 'Tourette's'. A chronological examination of TS in the medical literature is presented. Some issues surrounding Huntington's Disease (HD) research are pertinent to TS and may serve as a guide in the future direction of TS research; these issues have been identified and illustrated in the context of TS. Where relevant, other medical disorders are also commented on. RESULTS There has been a steady increase in the volume of TS literature since 1885, with a marked increase since 1980, changing in focus from a psychological to a neurobiological viewpoint. Current areas of interest include genetics, comorbid psychopathologies, neuroimaging, treatments, epidemiology and educational considerations. Issues raised by HD and other movement disorders such as Parkinson's Disease (PD) are predictive testing, gene therapy and neural transplants. CONCLUSIONS The year 2000 is likely to herald a significant increase in our knowledge of the genetics and neuroimaging of TS, with new developments in therapy. A broadening of awareness of TS among health workers and teachers in particular is likely to increase the number of diagnosed patients and, hence, new challenges will be posed to existing resources for health and educational provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Robertson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University College London, Medical School, Middlesex Hospital, United Kingdom
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Docherty PW, Goodman JD, Hill JG, Pickles BG, Boardman J, Taylor CG, Bush PV, Skinner LE, Slater RC. The effect of low-dose heparin on blood loss at abdominal hysterectomy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1983; 90:759-63. [PMID: 6349674 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1983.tb09307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In a double blind trial, the effect of prophylactic low-dose subcutaneous heparin or saline on peri-operative blood loss was studied in 100 women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Mean blood loss was 401 (SEM 75) ml and 246 (SEM 15) ml in the women who received heparin or saline, respectively. Coagulation studies were carried out during the pre- and post-operative phases in order to assess the contribution of any coagulation abnormalities to operative blood loss. In identifying patients at risk, platelet function tests were of some value.
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Boardman J. Cases from Dr. Hamilton's Clinic at the Buffalo Hospital of the Sisters of Charity. Buffalo Med J Mon Rev Med Surg Sci 1859; 14:577-583. [PMID: 35376528 PMCID: PMC8688057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Boardman J. Cases from Dr. Hamilton's Clinic at the Buffalo Hospital of the Sisters of Charity. Buffalo Med J Mon Rev Med Surg Sci 1859; 14:530-535. [PMID: 35376553 PMCID: PMC8688091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Boardman J. Cases from Dr. Hamilton's Clinic at the Buffalo Hospital of the Sisters of Charity. Buffalo Med J Mon Rev Med Surg Sci 1859; 14:460-466. [PMID: 35376521 PMCID: PMC8688050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Boardman J. Fracture Tables. Being a Supplement to the Fracture Tables Published by Dr. Hamilton in the Buffalo Medical Journal, April, 1849: Compiled and Arranged from Dr. Hamilton's Notes. Buffalo Med J Mon Rev Med Surg Sci 1852; 8:203-223. [PMID: 35375390 PMCID: PMC8663245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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