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Nobles JE, Hankiewicz J, Bueno Baques D, Celinski Z. Microwave interferometer for phase and response time measurements. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:024707. [PMID: 32113391 DOI: 10.1063/1.5138591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a microwave interferometer using a quadrature intermediate frequency (IQ) mixer designed to measure the relative phase change and response time of microwave devices tested in the Ka and upper K bands (22-40 GHz). The interferometer is currently used to test liquid crystal based devices. The system allows for the application of an AC bias beyond the amplitude/frequency limitations imposed on vector network analyzer bias ports. Our IQ mixer based design uses bias signals ranging from 0 to 100 V peak-to-peak in a frequency range from DC to 100 kHz. This range of bias signals is necessary to properly test the response of microwave devices designed with liquid crystal materials. The setup enables us to measure changes in the output phase of the device as a function of both the voltage and frequency of the applied bias signal. The setup also measures the phase difference as a function of microwave frequency and response times for the device under test. Our system can be integrated into a stand-alone test setup without the need for a vector network analyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Nobles
- Center for Magnetism and Magnetic Nanostructures, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918, USA
| | - J Hankiewicz
- Center for Magnetism and Magnetic Nanostructures, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918, USA
| | - D Bueno Baques
- Center for Magnetism and Magnetic Nanostructures, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918, USA
| | - Z Celinski
- Center for Magnetism and Magnetic Nanostructures, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918, USA
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Fiat D, Dolinsek J, Hankiewicz J, Dujovny M, Ausman J. Determination of regional cerebral oxygen consumption in the human: 17O natural abundance cerebral magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in a whole body system. Neurol Res 1993; 15:237-48. [PMID: 8105403 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.1993.11740143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
17O natural abundance imaging in a whole body imager is demonstrated using standard MRI spectrometer and 1H imaging methods. A novel design of a highly sensitive 17O/1H doubly tuned surface head coil is shown. The head probe allows simultaneous acquisition of 17O and 1H images using a single coil. The relatively low 17O signal intensity due to the low natural abundance of 17O (0.037 atom percent) is partially compensated by fast repetition of the pulse sequence, achievable due to the short spin lattice relaxation time, T1. A small number of signal averages (e.g., NEX = 50) is sufficient for obtaining images having signal to noise of about 5:1. Due to the short longitudinal relaxation time of 17O, i.e., 2-5 msec, short TR values can be used. 128 phase encoding steps with TR = 10-25 msec correspond to total acquisition time of 1 to 2.5 min. Due to the small gyromagnetic ratio of 17O and the relatively small gradients in a standard whole body system, i.e. 0.5 G/cm, the image in-plane resolution is about 3 mm and a slice thickness of 15 mm. In vivo 17O MRS and MRI natural abundance spectroscopic signals and images of human brain have been observed. The transverse relaxation time, T2 was found to be 2.00 +/- 0.17 msec at 1.5 T. MRS 17O measurements of signal intensity in the occipital cortex during inhalation of oxygen gas, 21.8% 17O enriched, showed a maximum signal enhancement of 25% within the inhalation period. The rate of the metabolism of oxygen (CMRO2) in the occipital cortex was found to be 1.5 mumole/(g tissue) in good agreement with the value of 1.435 mumole/(g tissue) given in the literature. Current measurements using higher 17O enrichments and larger quantities of 17O enriched oxygen gas will enhance resolution and provide more accurate determination of the rate of oxygen metabolism rate and blood flow. The potential of 17O imaging is thus demonstrated in physiological in vivo studies of cerebral metabolism of oxygen and blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fiat
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago 60680
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Hankiewicz J, Dudała T. [Twins in the biological and medical aspects]. Wiad Lek 1988; 41:1297-301. [PMID: 3073582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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4
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Hankiewicz J. [Onychophagia]. Wiad Lek 1985; 38:461-5. [PMID: 4013320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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5
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Hankiewicz J, Panusz J. [5'-nucleotidase in various organs and the blood]. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 1985; 39:150-64. [PMID: 2995955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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6
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Hankiewicz J. [Various clinical aspects of the aging process]. Wiad Lek 1984; 37:441-445. [PMID: 6385485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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7
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Hankiewicz J. [Perspectives of the development of clinical chemistry]. Pol Tyg Lek 1984; 39:337-9. [PMID: 6473189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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8
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Hankiewicz J. [Biological nature of the aging process]. Wiad Lek 1984; 37:371-7. [PMID: 6382804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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9
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Hankiewicz J. [Laboratory studies in elderly persons]. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 1984; 38:61-71. [PMID: 6387686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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10
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Hankiewicz J. [Use of the International System of Units in medicine]. Pol Tyg Lek 1982; 37:993-5. [PMID: 7163046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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11
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Rozek-Lesiak K, Hankiewicz J. [Immunological disorders and immunoglobulinemia in hematologic proliferative diseases]. Wiad Lek 1981; 34:1099-103. [PMID: 7029918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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12
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Hankiewicz J. [Hyperuricemia]. Wiad Lek 1980; 33:1221-1225. [PMID: 6160680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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13
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Hankiewicz J, Szindler A, Kubińska E. [Cholesterolemia and various other laboratory data on the lipid metabolism in patients with coronary disease]. Wiad Lek 1980; 33:517-21. [PMID: 7395212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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14
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Hankiewicz J. [Introduction of SI units in medicine]. Pol Tyg Lek 1980; 35:291-4. [PMID: 7360707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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15
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Hankiewicz J. [Central Laboratory of the University Hospital in Zurich]. Pol Tyg Lek 1979; 34:1175-7. [PMID: 493176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Hankiewicz J. [Use of abbreviations in clinical medicine]. Wiad Lek 1979; 32:955-9. [PMID: 532157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Hankiewicz J. [Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative laboratory analyses]. Wiad Lek 1979; 32:867-72. [PMID: 506236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Hankiewicz J, Harbut-Gryłka A. Creatine in red cells of patients with haematological diseases. Mater Med Pol 1978; 10:258-61. [PMID: 755129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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Hankiewicz J, Koterwa A. Adenosine deaminase in effusions. Mater Med Pol 1978; 10:180-3. [PMID: 723292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Hankiewicz J, Szindler A. [Blood pressure in patients with coronary disease]. Wiad Lek 1978; 31:661-4. [PMID: 695574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Hankiewicz J, Nitsche J. [Concentration of IgA, IgM and IgG in exudates]. Pol Tyg Lek 1978; 33:1-4. [PMID: 643695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Hankiewicz J, Koterwa A, Antes B, Dzieza I. [Adenosine deaminase: laboratory and clinical aspects]. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 1977; 31:871-83. [PMID: 604986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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23
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Hankiewicz J, Szindler A. [Role of overweight in coronary diseases]. Pol Tyg Lek 1977; 32:967-9. [PMID: 882441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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24
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Hankiewicz J, Brudnik B, Panek E. [Serum 5-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase in patients with malignant neoplasms]. Pol Arch Med Wewn 1977; 57:379-84. [PMID: 887453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Hankiewicz J, Scieszkowa M. [Clinical interpretation of increased serum creatine kinase activity]. Pol Tyg Lek 1977; 32:505-8. [PMID: 850657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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26
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Hankiewicz J, Brudnik B. [Enzymatic diagnosis in neoplastic diseases]. Wiad Lek 1977; 30:455-8. [PMID: 15350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Hankiewicz J, Bujniewicz E. [Changes in immunoglubulins (IgA, IgM and IgG) in the serum in liver diseases]. Pol Arch Med Wewn 1976; 56:543-9. [PMID: 1005178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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28
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Hankiewicz J, Szeruda-Rudzka E. [Effect of terpichol on serum cholesterol concentration (preliminary report)]. Pol Arch Med Wewn 1976; 56:401-5. [PMID: 1005166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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29
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Hankiewicz J, Koterwa A. [Enzymatic activity in exudates]. Pol Tyg Lek 1976; 31:1693-6. [PMID: 185602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Hankiewicz J, Rudzki P. [Enzymatic changes in some muscle diseases and after trauma]. Pol Przegl Chir 1976; 48:1135-7. [PMID: 981055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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31
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Hankiewicz J, Bujniewicz E. [Liver function tests]. Wiad Lek 1976; 29:1341-5. [PMID: 969516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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32
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Hankiewicz J, Scieszkowa M. [Internal diseases in drivers as a cause of traffic accidents]. Wiad Lek 1976; 29:1311-5. [PMID: 948908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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33
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Hankiewicz J, Kelm-Paradowska M. [Cretine in clinical medicine]. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 1976; 30:231-41. [PMID: 951336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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34
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Hankiewicz J. [The development of analyzers used in clinical laboratories]. Pol Tyg Lek 1976; 31:379-81. [PMID: 1264852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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35
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Hankiewicz J, Szeruda-Rudzka E. [Hypercholesteremia]. Wiad Lek 1975; 28:1853-8. [PMID: 1105982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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36
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Hankiewicz J, Bujniewicz E. [Work safety in clinical pathology laboratories]. Pol Tyg Lek 1975; 30:1853-5. [PMID: 1187442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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37
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Hankiewicz J. [Enzymatic method of serum cholesterol determination. An evaluation]. Wiad Lek 1975; 28:1691-4. [PMID: 1179736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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38
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Hankiewicz J, Rudzka E. The effect of external drainage of bile on cholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 1975; 22:313-5. [PMID: 1191379 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(75)90012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The cholesterolopenic phenomenon--decrease of up to 30% for total cholesterol and up to 23% for esterified cholesterol--has been obtained as an effect of external drainage of bile from the common biliary duct.
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Hankiewicz J, Antes B. Iron and iron-blinding capacity of gastric juice. Mater Med Pol 1975; 7:102-5. [PMID: 1142821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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40
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Hankiewicz J, Kutermak Z. [Concentration of lactic acid, dehydrogenase and glucose in women in the course of pregnancy, labor and some gynecologic diseases]. Ginekol Pol 1975; 46:155-62. [PMID: 1111256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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41
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Hankiewicz J, Siwicki A. [Furrowed tongue]. Wiad Lek 1975; 28:29-32. [PMID: 1089344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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42
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Hankiewicz J, Siedlecka-Binder Z. [Role of fructose in clinical practice]. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 1974; 28:937-52. [PMID: 4449763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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44
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Hankiewicz J, Sevećek E. [Copper and ceruloplasmin content in pregnant women and in women with certain gynecological diseases]. Zentralbl Gynakol 1974; 96:905-9. [PMID: 4423347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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45
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Hankiewicz J, Swierczek E. [Studies on serum and urinary lysozyme]. Pol Arch Med Wewn 1974; 51:591-7. [PMID: 4525489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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46
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Hankiewicz J, Siedlecka-Binder Z. [Fructose in systemic fluids of man]. Pol Tyg Lek 1974; 29:385-8. [PMID: 4856967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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47
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Hankiewicz J, Siedlecka-Binder Z. [Fructose in the blood and urine in diabetes mellitus]. Z Gesamte Inn Med 1973; 28:784-6. [PMID: 4779145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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48
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Hankiewicz J. [Obtaining of blood samples for laboratory studies]. Wiad Lek 1973; 26:1621-6. [PMID: 4755712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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49
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Hankiewicz J. [Hypoglycemia as a clinical problem]. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 1973; 27:641-58. [PMID: 4763483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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50
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Hankiewicz J. [New units in clinical chemistry and hematology]. Pol Tyg Lek 1973; 28:1002-5. [PMID: 4727606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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