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Ng WL, Collins PF, Hickling DF, Bell JJ. Evaluating the concurrent validity of body mass index (BMI) in the identification of malnutrition in older hospital inpatients. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:2417-2422. [PMID: 30501917 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition screening and assessment tools often include body mass index (BMI) as a component in identifying malnutrition risk. However, rising obesity levels will impact on the relevancy and applicability of BMI cut-off points which may require re-evaluation. This study aimed to explore the relationship between commonly applied BMI cut-offs and diagnosed malnutrition. METHODS Data (age, gender, BMI and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) ratings) were analysed for 1152 inpatients aged ≥65 years across annual malnutrition audits (2011-2015). The receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve analysed the optimal BMI cut-off for malnutrition and concurrent validity of commonly applied BMI cut-offs in nutritional screening and assessment tools. RESULTS Malnutrition prevalence was 36.0% (n = 372) using SGA criteria (not malnourished, moderate or severe malnutrition). Median age was 78.7 (IQR 72-85) years, median BMI 25.4 (IQR 21.8-29.7) kg/m2; 52.1% male and 51.2% overweight/obese. ROC analysis identified an optimal BMI cut-off of <26 kg/m2, 80.8% sensitivity and 61.5% specificity (AUC 0.802, 95% CI 0.773, 0.830; p < 0.0001). Commonly applied BMI cut-offs (between 18.5 and 23 kg/m2) failed to meet the alpha-priori requirement of 80% sensitivity and 60% specificity. However, BMI <23 kg/m2 had the highest agreement (κ = 0.458) with malnutrition diagnosed using the SGA. CONCLUSIONS Both malnutrition and overweight/obesity are common in older inpatients. Continuing increases in the prevalence of overweight and obesity will impact on the sensitivity of BMI as a screening component for malnutrition risk. The current study suggests tools developed over a decade ago may need to be revisited in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Ng
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, QUT, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia; Department of Dietetics, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore Health Services, Singapore 544886, Singapore
| | - P F Collins
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, QUT, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - D F Hickling
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Chermside, Queensland 4032, Australia
| | - J J Bell
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Chermside, Queensland 4032, Australia; School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Bell JJ, Bauer JD, Capra S, Pulle RC. Concurrent and predictive evaluation of malnutrition diagnostic measures in hip fracture inpatients: a diagnostic accuracy study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:358-62. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST) is the most commonly used screening tool in Australia. Poor screening tool sensitivity may lead to an under-diagnosis of malnutrition, with potential patient and economic ramifications. The present study aimed to determine whether the MST or anthropometric parameters adequately detect malnutrition in patients who were admitted to a hip fracture unit. METHODS Data were analysed for a prospective convenience sample (n = 100). MST screening was independently undertaken by nursing staff and a nutrition assistant. Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) was measured by a trained nutrition assistant. Nutritional risk [MST score ≥ 2, body mass index (BMI) < 22 kg m(-2) , or MUAC < 25 cm] was compared with malnutrition diagnosed by accredited practicing dietitians using International Classification of Diseases version 10-Australian Modification (ICD10-AM) coding criteria. RESULTS Malnutrition prevalence was 37.5% using ICD10-AM criteria. Delirium, dementia or preadmission cognitive impairment was present in 65% of patients. The BMI as a nutrition risk screen was the most valid predictor of malnutrition (sensitivity 75%; specificity 93%; positive predictive value 73%; negative predictive value 84%). Nursing MST screening was the least valid (sensitivity 73%; specificity 55%; positive predictive value 50%; negative predictive value 77%). There was only fair agreement between nursing and nutrition assistant screening using the MST (κ = 0.28). CONCLUSIONS In this population with a high prevalence of delirium and dementia, further investigation is warranted into the performance of nutrition screening tools and anthropometric parameters such as BMI. All tools failed to predict a considerable number of patients with malnutrition. This may result in the under-diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition, leading to case-mix funding losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Bell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, The Prince Charles Hospital, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Dietetics Research, School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Thomas L, Bell JJ. Testing the consistency of connectivity patterns for a widely dispersing marine species. Heredity (Edinb) 2013; 111:345-54. [PMID: 23820580 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2013.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Connectivity is widely recognized as an important component in developing effective management and conservation strategies. Although managers are generally most interested in demographic, rather than genetic connectivity, new analytic approaches are able to provide estimates of both demographic and genetic connectivity measures from genetic data. Combining such genetic data with mathematical models represents a powerful approach for accurately determining patterns of population connectivity. Here, we use microsatellite markers to investigate the genetic population structure of the New Zealand Rock Lobster, Jasus edwardsii, which has one of the longest known larval durations of all marine species (>2 years), a very large geographic range (>5500 km), and has been the subject of extensive dispersal modeling. Despite earlier mitochondrial DNA studies finding homogeneous genetic structure, the mathematical model suggests that there are source-sink dynamics for this species. We found evidence of genetic structure in J. edwardsii populations with three distinct genetic groups across New Zealand and a further Australian group; these groups and patterns of gene flow were generally congruent with the earlier mathematical model. Of particular interest was the consistent identification of a self-recruiting population/region from both modeling and genetic approaches. Although there is the potential for selection and harvesting to influence the patterns we observed, we believe oceanographic processes are most likely responsible for the genetic structure observed in J. edwardsii. Our results, using a species at the extreme end of the dispersal spectrum, demonstrate that source-sink population dynamics may still exist for such species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Thomas
- 1] School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand [2] The Oceans Institute, School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Abstract
Little consideration has been given to the genetic composition of populations associated with marine reserves, as reserve designation is generally to protect specific species, communities or habitats. Nevertheless, it is important to conserve genetic diversity since it provides the raw material for the maintenance of species diversity over longer, evolutionary time-scales and may also confer the basis for adaptation to environmental change. Many current marine reserves are small in size and isolated to some degree (e.g. sea loughs and offshore islands). While such features enable easier management, they may have important implications for the genetic structure of protected populations, the ability of populations to recover from local catastrophes and the potential for marine reserves to act as sources of propagules for surrounding areas. Here, we present a case study demonstrating genetic differentiation, isolation, inbreeding and reduced genetic diversity in populations of the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus in Lough Hyne Marine Nature Reserve (an isolated sea lough in southern Ireland), compared with populations on the local adjacent open coast and populations in England, Wales and France. Our study demonstrates that this sea lough is isolated from open coast populations, and highlights that there may be long-term genetic consequences of selecting reserves on the basis of isolation and ease of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Bell
- School of Animal and Microbial Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 228, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK.
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Abstract
Extensive sponge assemblages are found in a number of habitats at Lough Hyne Marine Nature Reserve. These habitats are unusual in experiencing a range of environmental conditions, even though they are only separated by small geographic distances (1-500 m), reducing the possibility of confounding effects between study sites (e.g., silica concentrations and temperature). Sponge assemblages were examined on ephemeral (rocks), stable (cliffs), and artificial (slate panels) hard substrata from high- and low-energy environments that were used to represent two measures of disturbance (flow rate and habitat stability). Sponge assemblages varied considerably between habitat types such that only 26% (25 species) of species reported were common to both rock and cliff habitats. Seven species (of a total of 96 species) were found in the least-developed assemblages (slate panels) and were common to all habitats. Sponge assemblages on rocks and panels varied little between high- and low-energy environments, whereas assemblages inhabiting cliffs varied considerably. Assemblage composition was visualized using Bray-Curtis similarity analysis and Multi-Dimensional Scaling, which enabled differences and similarities between sponge assemblages to be visualized. Cliffs from high- and low-energy sites had different assemblage compositions compared to large rocks, small rocks, and panels, all of which had similar assemblages irrespective of environmental conditions. Differences in assemblages were partially attributed to sponge morphology (shape), as certain morphologies (e.g., arborescent species) were excluded from 2-D rock habitats. Other mechanisms were also considered responsible for the sponge assemblages associated with different habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Bell
- Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Co. Cork, Ireland
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Flurry RL, Bell JJ. The Effect of Including Non-Nearest Neighbor β Terms in Pariser-Parr-Pople Type Self-Consistent Molecular Orbital Calculations on π-Electron Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00979a009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pack CD, Cestra AE, Min B, Legge KL, Li L, Caprio-Young JC, Bell JJ, Gregg RK, Zaghouani H. Neonatal exposure to antigen primes the immune system to develop responses in various lymphoid organs and promotes bystander regulation of diverse T cell specificities. J Immunol 2001; 167:4187-95. [PMID: 11591739 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.8.4187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal exposure to Ag has always been considered suppressive for immunity. Recent investigations, however, indicated that the neonatal immune system could be guided to develop immunity. For instance, delivery of a proteolipid protein (PLP) peptide on Ig boosts the neonatal immune system to develop responses upon challenge with the PLP peptide later. Accordingly, mice given Ig-PLP at birth and challenged with the PLP peptide as adults developed proliferative T cells in the lymph node that produced IL-4 instead of the usual Th1 cytokines. However, the spleen was unresponsive unless IL-12 was provided. Herein, we wished to determine whether such a neonatal response is intrinsic to the PLP peptide or could develop with an unrelated myelin peptide as well as whether the T cell deviation is able to confer resistance to autoimmunity involving diverse T cell specificities. Accordingly, the amino acid sequence 87-99 of myelin basic protein was expressed on the same Ig backbone, and the resulting Ig-myelin basic protein chimera was tested for induction of neonatal immunity and protection against experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Surprisingly, the results indicated that immunity developed in the lymph node and spleen, with deviation of T cells occurring in both organs. More striking, the splenic T cells produced IL-10 in addition to IL-4, providing an environment that facilitated bystander deviation of responses to unrelated epitopes and promoted protection against experimental allergic encephalomyelitis involving diverse T cell specificities. Thus, neonatal exposure to Ag can prime responses in various organs and sustain regulatory functions effective against diverse autoreactive T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Pack
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Abstract
Peripheral tolerance, represents an attractive strategy to down-regulate previously activated T cells and suppress an ongoing disease. Herein, immunoglobulins (Igs) were used to deliver self and altered self peptides for efficient peptide presentation without costimulation to test for modulation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Accordingly, the encephalitogenic proteolipid protein (PLP) sequence 139-151 (referred to as PLP1) and an altered form of PLP1 known as PLP-LR were genetically expressed on Igs and the resulting Ig-PLP1 and Ig-PLP-LR were tested for efficient presentation of the peptides and for amelioration of ongoing EAE. Evidence is presented indicating that Ig-PLP1 as well as Ig-PLP-LR given in saline to mice with ongoing clinical EAE suppresses subsequent relapses. However, aggregation of both chimeras allows crosslinking of Fcgamma receptors (FcgammaRs) and induction of IL-10 production by APCs but does not promote the up-regulation of costimulatory molecules. Consequently, IL-10 displays bystander suppression and synergizes with presentation without costimulation to drive effective modulation of EAE. As Ig-PLP1 is more potent than Ig-PLP-LR in the down-regulation of T cells, we conclude that peptide affinity plays a critical role in this multi-modal approach of T cell modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Legge
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996-0845, USA
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10
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Li L, Legge KL, Min B, Bell JJ, Gregg R, Caprio J, Zaghouani H. Neonatal immunity develops in a transgenic TCR transfer model and reveals a requirement for elevated cell input to achieve organ-specific responses. J Immunol 2001; 167:2585-94. [PMID: 11509599 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.5.2585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, it has become clear that neonatal exposure to Ag induces rather than ablates T cell immunity. Moreover, rechallenge with the Ag at adult age can trigger secondary responses that are distinct in the lymph node vs the spleen. The question addressed in this report is whether organ-specific secondary responses occur as a result of the diversity of the T cell repertoire or could they arise with homogeneous TCR-transgenic T cells. To test this premise, we used the OVA-specific DO11.10 TCR-transgenic T cells and established a neonatal T cell transfer system suitable for these investigations. In this system, neonatal T cells transferred from 1-day-old DO11.10/SCID mice into newborn (1-day-old) BALB/c mice migrate to the host's spleen and maintain stable frequency. The newborn BALB/c hosts were then given Ig-OVA, an Ig molecule carrying the OVA peptide, and challenged with the OVA peptide in CFA at the age of 7 wk; then their secondary responses were analyzed. The findings show that the lymph node T cells were deviated and produced IL-4 instead of IFN-gamma and the splenic T cells, although unable to proliferate or produce IFN-gamma, secreted a significant level of IL-2. Supply of exogenous IL-12 during Ag stimulation restores both proliferation and IFN-gamma production by the splenic T cells. This restorable form of splenic unresponsiveness referred to as IFN-gamma-dependent anergy required a transfer of a high number of neonatal DO11.10/SCID T cells to develop. Thus, the frequency of neonatal T cell precursors rather than repertoire diversity exerts control on the development of organ-specific neonatal immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Antigens/administration & dosage
- Antigens/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- B7-1 Antigen/metabolism
- B7-2 Antigen
- Base Sequence
- CD40 Ligand/metabolism
- Clonal Anergy
- DNA, Recombinant/genetics
- In Vitro Techniques
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-4/biosynthesis
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Macrophages/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Monocytes/immunology
- Organ Specificity
- Ovalbumin/administration & dosage
- Ovalbumin/genetics
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Min B, Legge KL, Bell JJ, Gregg RK, Li L, Caprio JC, Zaghouani H. Neonatal exposure to antigen induces a defective CD40 ligand expression that undermines both IL-12 production by APC and IL-2 receptor up-regulation on splenic T cells and perpetuates IFN-gamma-dependent T cell anergy. J Immunol 2001; 166:5594-603. [PMID: 11313399 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.9.5594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
T cell deletion and/or inactivation were considered the leading mechanisms for neonatal tolerance. However, recent investigations have indicated that immunity develops at the neonatal stage but evolves to guide later T cell responses to display defective and/or biased effector functions. Although neonatal-induced T cell modulation provides a useful approach to suppress autoimmunity, the mechanism underlying the biased function of the T cells remains unclear. In prior studies, we found that exposure of newborn mice to Ig-PLP1, a chimera expressing the encephalitogenic proteolipid protein (PLP) sequence 139-151, induced deviated Th2 lymph node cells producing IL-4 instead of IL-2 and anergic splenic T cells that failed to proliferate or produce IFN-gamma yet secreted significant amounts of IL-2. However, if assisted with IFN-gamma or IL-12, these anergic splenic T cells regained full responsiveness. The consequence of such biased/defective T cells responses was protection of the mice against experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. In this study, investigations were performed to delineate the mechanism underlying the novel form of IFN-gamma-dependent splenic anergy. Our findings indicate that CD40 ligand expression on these splenic T cells is defective, leading to noneffective cooperation between T lymphocytes and APCs and a lack of IL-12 production. More striking, this cellular system revealed a requirement for IL-2R expression for CD40 ligand-initiated, IL-12-driven progression of T cells into IFN-gamma production.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Min
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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12
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Bell JJ, Dana K. Lack of correlation between growth hormone provocative test results and subsequent growth rates during growth hormone therapy. Pediatrics 1998; 102:518-20. [PMID: 9685456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether there is a relationship between the peak GH level in pituitary stimulation tests and the growth rate in response to treatment with recombinant human growth hormone (GH). METHODS We identified 24 843 patients in the National Cooperative Growth Study database who had not been treated previously with GH therapy and divided them into three groups according to the peak GH level in pituitary stimulation testing: 1) <10 microg/L (n = 14 132); 2) >/=10 microg/L (n = 7476); and 3) no test results reported (n = 3235). Growth rates in each group in response to GH therapy were examined. RESULTS The children in each of the groups responded to GH therapy with a vigorous increase in growth rates (means, 8.4 to 9.5 cm/y) in the first year, followed by a gradual decline and then stabilization at 1.0 to 1.9 cm/y greater than the pretreatment values. There were large overlaps in the growth rates among the groups, but the differences were significant. The growth rates in a smaller group of children (n = 187) who had normal GH responses and normal growth rates before GH therapy increased similarly in the first year of therapy (to 7.7 to 9.2 cm/y), but then declined rapidly to the pretreatment values or lower. CONCLUSION Because the GH response to pituitary stimulation testing is inadequate for diagnosing GH deficiency, such testing also is inadequate for determining whether GH treatment should be prescribed in a child with short stature. In addition, the waning response to GH therapy in normally growing short children suggests that this treatment may not have a sustained benefit in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Bell
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Meyer-Bahlburg HF, Gruen RS, New MI, Bell JJ, Morishima A, Shimshi M, Bueno Y, Vargas I, Baker SW. Gender change from female to male in classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Horm Behav 1996; 30:319-32. [PMID: 9047260 DOI: 10.1006/hbeh.1996.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The psychoendocrinology of the development of normal gender identity and its variations is poorly understood. Studies of gender development in individuals born with endocrinologically well-characterized intersex conditions are heuristically valuable for the disaggregation of factors that are acting in concert during normal development. Four 46,XX individuals with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and atypical gender identity entered a comprehensive research protocol including systematic interviews and self-report inventories on gender role behavior and identity, sexual history, and psychiatric history. Some of the data on gender variables were compared to data from 12 CAH women with the salt-wasting variant (CAH-SW) with female gender identity. The four patients (ages 28, 35, 38, and 30 years) represented three different subtypes of classical early-onset CAH: 21-OH deficiency, simple virilizing (CAH-SV); 21-OH deficiency, salt-wasting (CAH-SW); and 11-beta-OH deficiency. Their medical histories were characterized by delay beyond infancy or lack of surgical feminization of the external genitalia and progressive virilization with inconsistent or absent glucocorticoid replacement therapy. Although three patients had undergone one or more genital surgeries, all had retained at least some orgasmic capacity. In regard to childhood gender-role behavior, the four gender-change patients tended to be more masculine or less feminine than (behaviorally masculinized) CAH-SW controls. All patients were sexually attracted to females only. The process of gender change was gradual and extended well into adulthood. The most plausible factors contributing to cross-gender identity development in these patients appeared to be neither a particular genotype or endocrinotype nor a sex-typing bias on the part of the parents but a combination of a gender-atypical behavioral self-image, a gender-atypical body image, and the development of erotic attraction to women. Implications for psychosocial management are also discussed.
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Abstract
Turner syndrome (TUS) in women is associated with sex chromosome abnormalities, ovarian dysgenesis with estrogen deficiency, and short stature. The goal of this study was to assess the long-term effects of these sex chromosome and hormonal anomalies on psychopathology and social functioning. We report interview and questionnaire data concerning lifetime history of mental disorders and current psychiatric symptoms. Also reported are data from questionnaires and interviews evaluating social functioning as measured by education, occupation, personal resources, and sexual behavior. Twenty-three TUS women were studied and compared with 23 closely matched women with constitutional short stature (CSS) and with 10 normal sisters of the TUS women. TUS women reported generally less mental disorder and comparable rates of psychiatric symptoms. On the other hand, they had lower overall functioning on a measure of global psychological health and had more impairment in social functioning as measured by achievement of adult milestones. We conclude that TUS women display less mental illness by positive symptom-oriented criteria but also less mental health when day-to-day functioning is considered. Our data suggest that differences in TUS women cannot be explained solely by short stature and may be related to other psychosocial, genetic, endocrine, or CNS effects of the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Downey
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY 10032
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15
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Abstract
A case of physiologic hypothyroidism caused by the topical application of povidone-iodine (PVPI) in a newborn with an omphalocele is presented. The literature on systemic absorption and effects of PVPI is reviewed. A management strategy is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Cosman
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Downey J, Ehrhardt AA, Morishima A, Bell JJ, Gruen R. Gender role development in two clinical syndromes: Turner syndrome versus constitutional short stature. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1987; 26:566-73. [PMID: 3654513 DOI: 10.1097/00004583-198707000-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Kaplan SL, Underwood LE, August GP, Bell JJ, Blethen SL, Blizzard RM, Brown DR, Foley TP, Hintz RL, Hopwood NJ. Clinical studies with recombinant-DNA-derived methionyl human growth hormone in growth hormone deficient children. Lancet 1986; 1:697-700. [PMID: 2870221 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(86)91098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-six children with growth hormone deficiency were treated for up to 48 months with methionyl human growth hormone (hGH) synthesised by DNA recombinant methods. The growth rate for these children increased from 3.2 +/- 1.1 cm/yr to 10.5 +/- 2.2 cm/yr (mean +/- SD). This was similar to the effect of pituitary hGH in ten GH deficient children, 3.8 +/- 1.0 to 10.1 +/- 1.1 cm/yr. Serum somatomedin C rose from 0.26 +/- 0.23 U/ml to 0.79 +/- 0.53 U/ml after 6 months of methionyl-hGH therapy, similar to the effect of pituitary hGH. The incidence of antibody formation to methionyl-hGH was higher than that observed with pituitary hGH (Kabi) but poor growth was observed only in the one patient on methionyl-hGH who acquired high-titre high-binding-capacity antibodies to hGH. No consistent changes in levels of antibodies to Escherichia coli proteins were detected. No other allergic manifestations or systemic side-effects were demonstrable.
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Ehrhardt AA, Meyer-Bahlburg HF, Bell JJ, Cohen SF, Healey JM, Stiel R, Feldman JF, Morishima A, New MI. Idiopathic precocious puberty in girls: psychiatric follow-up in adolescence. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 1984; 23:23-33. [PMID: 6693676 DOI: 10.1097/00004583-198401000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Spunberg JJ, Chang CH, Goldman M, Auricchio E, Bell JJ. Quality of long-term survival following irradiation for intracranial tumors in children under the age of two. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1981; 7:727-36. [PMID: 7287533 DOI: 10.1016/0360-3016(81)90465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Abstract
Drug metabolism changes during the course of growth and development. Hormones mediate somatic growth and may mediate other developmental changes. To determine the effect of human growth hormone (hGH) on human drug metabolism, 6 hGH-deficient children were given single oral doses of amobarbital before and 6 wk after beginning hGH replacement therapy. Amobarbital was selected as a marker of hepatic microsomal oxidation. Half-lives rose from 13.89 +/- 2.78 hr to 22.75 +/- 3.97 hr, volume of distribution was unchanged, and clearance fell from 62.2 +/- 15.2 ml/kg/hr to 31.2 +/- 11.4 ml/kg/hr. Results indicate that hGH slows the metabolism of amobarbital, probably through an effect on the hepatic microsomal drug-oxidizing system.
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Bell JJ, Sargeant TE, Watson JA. Inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in hepatoma tissue culture cells by pure cholesterol and several cholesterol derivatives. Evidence supporting two distinct mechanisms.20l. J Biol Chem 1976; 251:1745-58. [PMID: 176160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pure cholesterol associated in complexes with lipoproteins (whole serum and human low density lipoproteins) or esterified with succinic acid (cholesteryl succinate) and bound to albumin effectively suppresses 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity in hepatoma tissue culture (HTC) cells grown in lipoprotein-poor serum medium during short 4-hour) incubation periods. Simultaneous measurments of the kinetics of uptake of radioactive unesterified cholesterol of whole serum and cholesteryl succinate, their conversion to lipid products, and the decay in enzyme activity, suggest that the cholesterol-induced suppression is mediated by the sterol itself rather than by inhibitory lipid products derived from its metabolism. Several cholesterol derivatives such as cholestenone, 7-ketocholesterol, and 7alpha-and 25-hydroxycholesterol also suppress reductase activiy in HTC cells and are significantly more inhibitory than the pure cholesterol preparations. The decrease in enzyme activity produced by cholesterol and its derivatives is concentration-dependent and specific. [1-14C]Oleate incorporation experiments indicate that cholesterol ester formation in HTC cells is not increased at inhibitory concentrations of the steroids. These data suggest that sterol ester formation is not an obligatory process in the feedback control of HMG-CoA reductase activity. The half-life of the reductase (3 to 4 hours) is not significantly changed by cycloheximide, plus or minus whole serum, and cholesteryl succinate. In contrast, the half-life is strongly reduced when HTC cells are incubated with cycloheximide plus maximal concentrations of 25-hydroxycholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol, or cholestenone, resulting in t1/2 values of 24, 36, and 60 min, respectively. Increasing concentrations of whole serum and cholesteryl succinate have no significant effect on the apparent rate constant of inactivation of the enzyme, whereas its apparent rate of synthesis is decreased 3- and 10-fold, respectively. These results are reversed with oxygenated steroid inhibitors. The rate of synthesis of reductase is essentially unchanged as the concentrations of 25-hydroxycholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol, and cholestenone are increased in the culture medium, whereas the apparent rate constant for degradation is increased 9-, 7-, and 3-fold, respectively. HMG-CoA reductase activity in HTC cells thus appears to be modulated by two different mechanisms in which steroid structure is important. Whole serum and cholesteryl succinate specifically decrease the rate of enzyme synthesis, while 25-hydroxycholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol, and cholestenone increase the rate of inactivation of the reductase.
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Bell JJ, Sargeant TE, Watson JA. Inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in hepatoma tissue culture cells by pure cholesterol and several cholesterol derivatives. Evidence supporting two distinct mechanisms.20l. J Biol Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)33712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Bell JJ. "Better dental health is our goal". J Oreg Dent Assoc 1970; 39:15-6. [PMID: 5268539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Harding BW, Bell JJ, Wilson LD, Whysner JA. Biosynthesis of adrenal corticosteroids: energy metabolism and the hydroxylases. Adv Enzyme Regul 1969; 7:237-57. [PMID: 4312729 DOI: 10.1016/0065-2571(69)90021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Oldham SB, Bell JJ, Harding BW. Role of the bovine adrenal cortical pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase in steroid 11 beta-hydroxylation. Arch Biochem Biophys 1968; 123:496-506. [PMID: 4385263 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(68)90171-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Kaplan SL, Abrams CA, Bell JJ, Conte FA, Grumbach MM. Growth and growth hormone. I. Changes in serum level of growth hormone following hypoglycemia in 134 children with growth retardation. Pediatr Res 1968; 2:43-63. [PMID: 5636245 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-196801000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Flurry RL, Stout EW, Bell JJ. The inclusion of non-nearest neighbor � terms in pariser-parr-pople type S.C.M.O. calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1967. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00527305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Grumbach MM, Kaplan SL, Abrams CL, Bell JJ, Conte FA. Plasma free fatty acid response to the administration of chorionic "growth hormone-prolactin". J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1966; 26:478-82. [PMID: 5929633 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-26-4-478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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