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Tomaszewska E, Muszyński S, Świetlicka I, Wojtysiak D, Dobrowolski P, Arciszewski MB, Donaldson J, Czech A, Hułas-Stasiak M, Kuc D, Mielnik-Błaszczak M. Prenatal acrylamide exposure results in time-dependent changes in liver function and basal hematological, and oxidative parameters in weaned Wistar rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14882. [PMID: 36050419 PMCID: PMC9437042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR) is a toxic compound commonly found in fried, baked and heat-processed starchy foods. The current study investigated the time-dependent effects of maternal exposure to non-toxic ACR doses on the oxidative stress, liver function, and basal blood morphology of the rat offspring. Pregnant, Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group or the groups administrated with ACR (3 mg/kg b.w./day): long exposure for 15 days, medium exposure for 10 days and short exposure for 5 days during pregnancy. Body mass, blood morphology and hematology, serum concentrations of growth hormone, IGF-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and insulin, liver histomorphometry, liver activity of beclin1, LC2B and caspase3, markers of oxidative stress and the activity of antioxidative enzymes in blood serum and the liver were measured in offspring at weaning (postnatal day 21). Even short prenatal exposure to ACR led to oxidative stress and resulted in changes in liver histomorphometry and upregulation of autophagy/apoptosis. However, the most significant changes were observed following the long period of ACR exposure. This study has shown for the first time that ACR is responsible for changes in body mass in a time-dependent manner, which could lead to more serious illnesses like overweight and diabetes later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 12 Akademicka St., 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
| | - S Muszyński
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - I Świetlicka
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - D Wojtysiak
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Ethology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 24/28 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059, Cracow, Poland
| | - P Dobrowolski
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - M B Arciszewski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 12 Akademicka St., 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - J Donaldson
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - A Czech
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - M Hułas-Stasiak
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - D Kuc
- Chair and Department of Developmental Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin, 7 Karmelicka St., 20-081, Lublin, Poland
| | - M Mielnik-Błaszczak
- Chair and Department of Developmental Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin, 7 Karmelicka St., 20-081, Lublin, Poland
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Ager M, Salonia A, Mayo De Castro J, Donaldson J, Omar M, Dimitrpoulos K, Tharakan T, Boeri L, Janisch F, Muilwijk T, Nijman R, Radmayr C, Laguna Pes M, Minhas S. Which ultrasound or MRI characteristics demonstrate the highest diagnostic accuracy in identifying malignancy in males with indeterminate lesions of the testis? A systematic review. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)00688-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rudyk H, Tomaszewska E, Arciszewski MB, Muszyński S, Tomczyk-Warunek A, Dobrowolski P, Donaldson J, Brezvyn O, Kotsyumbas I. Histomorphometrical changes in intestine structure and innervation following experimental fumonisins intoxication in male Wistar rats. Pol J Vet Sci 2021; 23:77-88. [PMID: 32233304 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2020.132751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Fumonisins are highly toxic metabolites produced by Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium verticillioides. Little is known about the effects of a chronic low level of fumonisins on intestinal structure and innervation in monogastric animals, even though the intestine is the first organ exposed to fumonisins. The influence of the most prevalent strains of fumonisins, FB1 and FB2, on intestinal and liver morphology, the enteric nervous system and intestinal epithelial cell prolif- eration was investigated in an experimental rat model of fumonisin intoxication. Adolescent (5-weeks-old), male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group (C group) not treated with fumonisins or intoxicated with fumonisins (FB group). FB1 together with FB2 were daily administered intragastrically at a dose of 90 mg/kg body weight for 21 days. The damaging effect was assessed by determination of the activity of ALAT and AspAT. Samples from the small intes- tine and liver were taken and blood samples were collected to determine the activity of gamma- -glutamyl transferase (GGT) and amylase. The exposure to FBs resulted in histopathological degenerative alterations in hepatocytes, including mild vacuolar degeneration and ballooning. FB exposure was also toxic in the duodenum and jejunum, where significant changes in morphology, cell proliferation, collagen wall fibres and innervation were observed. Taken together, the results obtained strengthen the hypothesis that chronic exposure to FBs could induce intestinal damage, including damage to the enteric nervous system and may have consequences for general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rudyk
- The State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Feed Additives(SCIVP), Donetska 11, 79019 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - E Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - M B Arciszewski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - S Muszyński
- Department of Physics, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - A Tomczyk-Warunek
- Locomotor System Research Department, Chair and Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopaedics, Medical University in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - P Dobrowolski
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - J Donaldson
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, 2193 Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - O Brezvyn
- The State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Feed Additives(SCIVP), Donetska 11, 79019 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - I Kotsyumbas
- The State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Feed Additives(SCIVP), Donetska 11, 79019 Lviv, Ukraine
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Schuyt JJ, Donaldson J, Williams GVM, Chong SV. Modelling the radioluminescence of Sm 2+ and Sm 3+ in the dosimeter material NaMgF 3:Sm. J Phys Condens Matter 2020; 32:025703. [PMID: 31530766 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab450d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescence (PL) and radioluminescence (RL) measurements were made on NaMgF3:Sm before, during and after exposure to high doses of ionising radiation. Magnetic measurements prior to irradiation showed that approximately 10% of the total Sm concentration was in the divalent state. The RL from Sm3+ was found to increase while the Sm2+ RL decreased with increasing x-ray dose before reaching steady-state values for high doses. This behaviour is opposite to that previously reported for Sm3+ and Sm2+ PL. We show that this apparent discrepancy can be accounted for by a RL model where there is a hole trap, an electron trap, and direct x-ray induced carrier recombination at Sm2+ and Sm3+. Furthermore, a good fit to the dose-dependence of all of the Sm RL emissions can be obtained by assuming that the relevant electron and hole traps are close to Sm3+. Our model accounts for F3-centre production during irradiation that affects some of the Sm3+ RL emissions via reabsorption of the RL by the F3-centres. Thus, the rate of F3-centre production can be conveniently monitored by the RL intensity ratio, I RL(567 nm)/I RL(650 nm). Additionally, the Sm2+ RL emissions may be expressed as [1.94 × I RL(721 nm)] - I RL(695 nm) to determine the real-time dose rate, independent of dose history.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Schuyt
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, SCPS, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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Johnston DR, Donaldson J, Cahill AM. New onset dysphagia and pulmonary aspiration following sclerotherapy for a complex cervical venolymphatic malformation in an infant: Case report and review of the literature. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 128:109694. [PMID: 31562996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.109694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We present the case of a 2-year-old male with a complex left cervical venolymphatic malformation who underwent doxycycline sclerotherapy at 12 months of age complicated by new onset pulmonary aspiration. A review of the literature reveals this to be a rare complication of sclerotherapy and only the second reported case. METHODS Procedural details with associated imaging including endoscopic airway and swallowing evaluation are included. A literature review of cervical and laryngeal sclerotherapy complications was performed and discussed. RESULTS A 12-month-old male underwent sclerotherapy with doxycycline for a complex parapharyngeal and paralaryngeal venolymphatic malformation. The postoperative course was complicated by new onset dysphagia, aspiration, and decreased laryngeal sensation. Gastric feeding and swallowing therapy were necessary due to prolonged difficulty. The sclerotherapy treatment resulted in near elimination of the cervical components of the lesion at 12 months follow up. The child progressed to total oral feeding by 17 months post-treatment with no evidence of decreased laryngeal sensation. An extensive literature review identified only one reported case of new onset dysphagia and decreased laryngeal sensation after doxycycline sclerotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Doxycycline sclerotherapy for cervical venolymphatic malformations rarely can cause adjacent neural injury resulting in laryngeal complications. Our case report and literature review suggest that symptom management and appropriate aspiration precautions are necessary in infants or children with presumed vagus or laryngeal nerve injury, and injury is likely only temporary.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Johnston
- Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Division of Otolaryngology, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - J Donaldson
- Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Division of Interventional Radiology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A M Cahill
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Interventional Radiology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Donaldson J, Obuchowski N, Lomaglio L, Le R, Molano MB, Quintini C, Gill A. 03:54 PM Abstract No. 254 Stenting for venous stenosis following liver transplantation. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.12.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Paul O, Donaldson J. PSI-7 Characterization of Bile Induced Damage in Listeria monocytogenes. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O Paul
- University of Southern Mississippi,Hattiesburg, MS, United States
| | - J Donaldson
- University of Southern Mississippi,Hattiesburg, MS, United States
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Nadarajan J, Benson EE, Xaba P, Harding K, Lindstrom A, Donaldson J, Seal CE, Kamoga D, Agoo EMG, Li N, King E, Pritchard HW. Comparative Biology of Cycad Pollen, Seed and Tissue - A Plant Conservation Perspective. Bot Rev 2018; 84:295-314. [PMID: 30174336 PMCID: PMC6105234 DOI: 10.1007/s12229-018-9203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cycads are the most endangered of plant groups based on IUCN Red List assessments; all are in Appendix I or II of CITES, about 40% are within biodiversity 'hotspots,' and the call for action to improve their protection is long-standing. We contend that progress in this direction will not be made until there is better understanding of cycad pollen, seed and tissue biology, which at the moment is limited to relatively few (<10%) species. We review what is known about germplasm (seed and pollen) storage and germination, together with recent developments in the application of contemporary technologies to tissues, such as isotype labelling, biomolecular markers and tissue culture. Whilst progress is being made, we conclude that an acceleration of comparative studies is needed to facilitate the integration of in situ and ex situ conservation programmes to better safeguard endangered cycads.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Nadarajan
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN UK
- Present Address: The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
| | - E. E. Benson
- Damar Research Scientists, Damar, Cuparmuir, Fife, KY15 5RJ UK
| | - P. Xaba
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - K. Harding
- Damar Research Scientists, Damar, Cuparmuir, Fife, KY15 5RJ UK
| | - A. Lindstrom
- Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Garden, Chonburi, 20250 Thailand
| | - J. Donaldson
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - C. E. Seal
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN UK
| | - D. Kamoga
- Joint Ethnobotanical Research Advocacy, P.O.Box 27901, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - N. Li
- Fairy Lake Botanic Garden, Shenzhen, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - E. King
- UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - H. W. Pritchard
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN UK
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Kelly E, Martin PAJ, Gibson-Kueh S, Morgan DL, Ebner BC, Donaldson J, Buller N, Crook DA, Brooks S, Davis AM, Hammer MP, Foyle L, Hair S, Lymbery AJ. First detection of Edwardsiella ictaluri (Proteobacteria: Enterobacteriaceae) in wild Australian catfish. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:199-208. [PMID: 28836666 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri is considered to be one of the most significant pathogens of farmed catfish in the United States of America and has also caused mortalities in farmed and wild fishes in many other parts of the world. E. ictaluri is not believed to be present in wild fish populations in Australia, although it has previously been detected in imported ornamental fishes held in quarantine facilities. In an attempt to confirm freedom from the bacterium in Australian native fishes, we undertook a risk-based survey of wild catfishes from 15 sites across northern Australia. E. ictaluri was detected by selective culturing, followed by DNA testing, in Wet Tropics tandan (Tandanus tropicanus) from the Tully River, at a prevalence of 0.40 (95% CI 0.21-0.61). The bacterium was not found in fishes sampled from any of the other 14 sites. This is the first report of E. ictaluri in wild fishes in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kelly
- Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Centre for Fish & Fisheries Research, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - P A J Martin
- Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Centre for Fish & Fisheries Research, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - S Gibson-Kueh
- Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Centre for Fish & Fisheries Research, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - D L Morgan
- Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Centre for Fish & Fisheries Research, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - B C Ebner
- Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Centre for Fish & Fisheries Research, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
- CSIRO Land & Water, Atherton, Qld, Australia
| | - J Donaldson
- TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
- CSIRO Land & Water, Atherton, Qld, Australia
| | - N Buller
- Animal Health Laboratories, Department of Agriculture and Food of Western Australia, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - D A Crook
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT, Australia
| | - S Brooks
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - A M Davis
- TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
- CSIRO Land & Water, Atherton, Qld, Australia
| | - M P Hammer
- Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - L Foyle
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - S Hair
- Animal Health Laboratories, Department of Agriculture and Food of Western Australia, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - A J Lymbery
- Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Centre for Fish & Fisheries Research, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Ambery P, Donaldson J, Parkin J, Austin DJ. Urinary C-peptide analysis in an intervention study: experience from the DEFEND-2 otelixizumab trial. Diabet Med 2016; 33:1559-1563. [PMID: 26871270 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To demonstrate that analysis of urinary C-peptide across multiple study sites in the context of an intervention trial (DEFEND-2) is a viable alternative to mixed meal testing and delivers results that correlate to mixed meal testing estimation of endogenous insulin production. METHODS Second morning void urine was collected for analysis and was available from 161 subjects at baseline (55 placebo, 106 otelixizumab), and 146 subjects (47 placebo, 99 otelixizumab) at month 12. Urinary C-peptide concentration was corrected for urinary creatinine [urinary C-peptide/creatinine ratio (UCPCR)] and serum C-peptide from the mixed meal tolerance test was calculated using area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) normalized over 120 min. The correlation between mixed meal stimulated C-peptide AUC (mmol/l/min) and UCPCR (nmol/mmol), as well as the correlation between insulin use (IU/kg), and HbA1c (%) with UCPCR, was determined. RESULTS UCPCR and mixed meal testing C-peptide AUC were correlated, with a correlation coefficient of 0.4172. UCPCR was not correlated with exogenous insulin use (r = -0.089) or with HbA1c (r = -0.032). CONCLUSIONS Urinary C-peptide estimation should be considered as a measure of endogenous insulin production in future Type 1 diabetes mellitus outcome trials. A change in the timing for urine collection (to 120 min post standard meal) may provide a tighter correlation to C-peptide measured via a traditional mixed meal test.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ambery
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
| | - J Donaldson
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, UK
| | - J Parkin
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, UK
| | - D J Austin
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, UK
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Dawkes S, Smith G, Raeside R, Elliott L, Donaldson J. Angina Management is Poor After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Can J Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.07.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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MacDonald A, Ambery P, Donaldson J, Hicks K, Keymeulen B, Parkin J. Subcutaneous Administration of Otelixizumab is Limited by Injection Site Reactions: Results of an Exploratory Study in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2016; 124:288-93. [PMID: 27023009 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-101241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Targeting CD3 antigens on human T lymphocytes with monoclonal antibodies has been shown to reduce the rate of decline of C-peptides in recent-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. However, effective doses are associated with infusion reactions typical of "cytokine release syndrome" and appear to be dose-limiting when administered as short-duration infusions. A possible alternative approach, which may reduce the rate of T cell activation and consequent systemic cytokine release, is to inject subcutaneously. We investigated single- and repeat-dose subcutaneous administration of the anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody otelixizumab in small cohorts of patients with type 1 diabetes. Transient reductions in free or unbound CD3 antigen on CD4+ and CD8+ cells and absolute lymphocyte count were observed in the blood of these patients during treatment, consistent with the known mechanism of action of otelixizumab and other anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies. This was despite the very low systemic exposure of antibodies measured during the same time period. With the exception of sporadic headaches, other symptoms associated with cytokine release syndrome, such as fever, nausea, vomiting, myalgia, and arthralgia, were absent in treated patients. However, treatment-related injection site reactions were consistently observed. The reactions were erythematous and their sizes were dose-dependent; in some cases, reactions persisted for up to 2 weeks following the start of treatment. While patients responded well to topical corticosteroid treatment and prophylaxis reduced the intensity of injection site reactions, the reactions were considered dose-limiting and higher doses were not investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Ambery
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK CB2 0QQ
| | | | - K Hicks
- GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK SG1 2NY
| | - B Keymeulen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels, BE
| | - J Parkin
- GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, UK UB11 1BT
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Donaldson J, Pillay K, Madziva MT, Erlwanger KH. The effect of different high-fat diets on erythrocyte osmotic fragility, growth performance and serum lipid concentrations in male, Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica
). J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 99:281-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Donaldson
- Faculty of Health Sciences; School of Physiology; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - K. Pillay
- Faculty of Health Sciences; School of Physiology; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - M. T. Madziva
- Faculty of Health Sciences; School of Physiology; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - K. H. Erlwanger
- Faculty of Health Sciences; School of Physiology; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
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Ambery P, Donner TW, Biswas N, Donaldson J, Parkin J, Dayan CM. Efficacy and safety of low-dose otelixizumab anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in preserving C-peptide secretion in adolescent type 1 diabetes: DEFEND-2, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multi-centre study. Diabet Med 2014; 31:399-402. [PMID: 24236828 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Phase III DEFEND-2 investigated whether otelixizumab (3.1 mg over 8 days) preserved C-peptide secretion in patients with new-onset Type 1 diabetes, focusing on adolescents (12-17 years). METHODS One hundred and seventy-nine patients (54 adolescents) were randomized to otelixizumab or placebo. The primary endpoint was change in 2-h mixed-meal-stimulated C-peptide area under the curve at month 12. Enrolment was suspended in April 2011 following negative efficacy results from DEFEND-1. DEFEND-2 terminated early after 12 months' efficacy and safety follow-up. RESULTS Change from baseline C-peptide was not significantly different [∆ = -0.09 nmol/l (95% CI -0.17 to 0; P = 0.051)]. No differential C-peptide effect was seen for otelixizumab in adolescents and more adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS Efficacy and tolerability of otelixizumab was similar to DEFEND-1. The 3.1-mg dose was non-efficacious in adults and adolescents. Further investigation of the mechanism of action seen at higher doses and therapeutic window is required. Clinical Trials Registry No: NCT 00763451.
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Donaldson J, Dangarembizi R, Mtetwa B, Madziva MT, Erlwanger KH. The progressive effects of a high-fat diet on erythrocyte osmotic fragility, growth performance and serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels in Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris
) and Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata
). J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2013; 98:867-74. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Donaldson
- Faculty of Health Sciences; School of Physiology; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - R. Dangarembizi
- Faculty of Health Sciences; School of Physiology; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - B. Mtetwa
- Faculty of Health Sciences; School of Physiology; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - M. T. Madziva
- Faculty of Health Sciences; School of Physiology; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - K. H. Erlwanger
- Faculty of Health Sciences; School of Physiology; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
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Cruz RJ, DiMartini A, Akhavanheidari M, Iacovoni N, Boardman JF, Donaldson J, Humar A, Bartynski WS. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in liver transplant patients: clinical presentation, risk factors and initial management. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:2228-36. [PMID: 22494636 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04048.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an uncommon but well-known complication after transplantation diagnosed by characteristic radiological features. As limited data on this complex syndrome exist we sought to better define the incidence, clinical presentation and risk factors for PRES in liver transplant (LTx) patients. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1923 adult LTx recipients transplanted between 2000 and 2010. PRES was diagnosed radiologically in 19 patients (1%), with 84% of cases occurring within 3 months post-LTX. We compared this cohort of PRES patients to 316 other LTx recipients also requiring radiographic imaging within 3 months after LTx for neurological symptoms. Seizure was the most common clinical manifestation in the PRES group (88% vs. 16%, p< 0.001) and 31% had an intracranial hemorrhage. Those with hemorrhage on imaging were more likely to be coagulopathic. PRES patients were significantly more likely to have had alcoholic liver disease and infection/sepsis. These factors may be related to a common pathway of vascular dysregulation/damage that appears to characterize this complex syndrome. Intracranial bleeding and seizures may be the end result of these phenomena. The relationship of these associated factors to the hypothesized pathophysiology of PRES is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Cruz
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Donaldson J, Pointon K, Mathew T, Fogarty A. P40 A comparison of the value of oxygen shunt studies and cardiac bubble echo as screening tools for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in patients with suspected hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. Thorax 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/thx.2010.150961.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Hong SC, Donaldson J, Gratton C. Soybean cyst nematode effects on soybean aphid preference and performance in the laboratory. Environ Entomol 2010; 39:1561-9. [PMID: 22546453 DOI: 10.1603/en10091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Herbivores on plants frequently interact via shared resources. Studies that have examined performance of herbivores in the presence of other herbivores, however, have often focused on above-ground feeding guilds and relatively less research has examined interactions between below- and above-ground consumers. We examine how soybean aphid, Aphis glycines (Matsumura) an above-ground phloem-feeding herbivore, interacts with a below-ground plant parasite, soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines (Ichinohe) through their shared host plant, soybean (Glycine max L). Laboratory experiments evaluated the preference of alate (flight-capable) soybean aphids toward plants either infected with soybean cyst nematode or uninfected controls in a simple choice arena. Alate soybean aphids preferred uninfected soybean over soybean cyst nematode-infected plants: 48 h after the releases of alate aphids in the center of the arena, 67% more aphids were found on control soybean compared with nematode infected plants. No-choice feeding assays were also conducted using clip cages and apterous (flight-incapable) aphids to investigate effect of soybean cyst nematode infection of soybean on aphid performance. These studies had mixed results: in one set of experiments overall aphid population growth at 7 d was not statistically different between control and soybean cyst nematode-infected plants. A different experiment using a life-table analysis found that apterous aphids feeding on soybean cyst nematode-infected plants had significantly greater finite rate of increase (λ), intrinsic rate of increase (r(m)), and net reproductive rate (R(o)) compared with aphids reared on uninfected (control) soybean plants. We conclude that the below-ground herbivore, soybean cyst nematode, primarily influences soybean aphid behavior rather than performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Hong
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin/Madison, 237 Russell Labs, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Popescu A, Kim S, Rigsby C, Rothstein D, Donaldson J. Abstract No. 310: Transrectal abscess drainage in children. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2009.12.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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20
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Donaldson J, Khan WS, Hazlerigg A. Functional tissue engineering for rotator cuff tendons. J Stem Cells 2010; 5:195-204. [PMID: 22314868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Rotator cuff disease is becoming more prevalent and is a significant source of pain and disability. Current methods of treating rotator cuff dysfunction have inconsistent results and there is a high rate of recurrent tear and failure. This has prompted the search for novel solutions and the use of tissue engineered strategies and approaches. This article looks at the current state of tissue engineering methods for rotator cuff regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Donaldson
- Royal Free Hospital NHS Trust, Hampstead, London, NW3 2QG, UK
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21
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Donaldson J, LaBella F. Prooxidant properties of vanadatein vitroon catecholamines and on lipid peroxidation by mouse and rat tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 12:119-26. [PMID: 6556257 DOI: 10.1080/15287398309530411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Vanadate (Na3VO4) in micromolar concentrations enhanced the in vitro formation of adrenochrome from epinephrine, and of aminochrome from dopamine. Lipid peroxides in various tissues of the mouse and rat, particularly brain, were increased. Products of both catecholamine oxidation and lipid peroxidation may be the basis of the cardiotoxic and neurotoxic effects of vanadium.
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Tan HP, Donaldson J, Basu A, Unruh M, Randhawa P, Sharma V, Morgan C, McCauley J, Wu C, Shah N, Zeevi A, Shapiro R. Two hundred living donor kidney transplantations under alemtuzumab induction and tacrolimus monotherapy: 3-year follow-up. Am J Transplant 2009; 9:355-66. [PMID: 19120078 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alemtuzumab has been used in off-label studies of solid organ transplantation. We extend our report of the first 200 consecutive living donor solitary kidney transplantations under alemtuzumab pretreatment with tacrolimus monotherapy and subsequent spaced weaning to 3 years of follow-up. We focused especially on the causes of recipient death and graft loss, and the characteristics of rejection. The actuarial 1-, 2- and 3-year patient and graft survivals were 99.0% and 98.0%, 96.4% and 90.8% and 93.3% and 86.3%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of acute cellular rejection (ACR) at the following months was 2%</=6, 9.0%</=12, 16.5%</=18, 19.5%</=24, 23.5%</=30, 24.0%</=36 and 25%</=42. The mean serum creatinine (mg/dL) and glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m(2)) at 1 and 3 years were 1.4 +/- 0.6 and 58.7 +/- 21.6 and 1.5 +/- 0.7 and 54.9 +/- 20.9, respectively. Fifty (25%) recipients had a total of 89 episodes of ACR. About 88.7% of ACR episodes were Banff 1, and of those, 82% were steroid-sensitive. Nine (4.5%) recipients had antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). About 76.5% were weaned but only 46% are currently on spaced dose (qod or less) tacrolimus monotherapy, and 94.4% remained steroid-free from the time of transplantation. Infectious complications were uncommon. This experience suggests the 3-year efficacy of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Tan
- The Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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24
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Gutmann L, Donaldson J. Hartwell Greene Thompson (1924-2008). Neurology 2008. [DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000335945.94672.a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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25
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Jones P, Jones S, Fish D, Donaldson J. Comparison of blue dye alone with blue dye and radioisotope combined in the detection of axillary sentinel lymph nodes in women with invasive breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2008.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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26
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Tan H, Donaldson J, Basu A, Unruh M, Randhawa P, Sharma V, Morgan C, McCauley J, Wu C, Shapiro R. 200 LIVING DONOR KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATIONS UNDER ALEMTUZUMAB PRETREATMENT AND WEANING OF TACROLIMUS MONOTHERAPY: 3 YEAR FOLLOW UP. Transplantation 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000332018.69787.7d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Tan H, Donaldson J, Basu A, Unruh M, Randhawa P, McCauley J, Morgan C, Wu C, Shah N, Shapiro R. 411 LIVING DONOR KIDNEY TRANSPLANTS USING ALEMTUZUMAB PRE-CONDITIONING AND TACROLIMUS MONOTHERAPY: 5 YEAR EXPERIENCE. Transplantation 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000331776.58663.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Proctor BR, Hui D, Donaldson J, Savage KJ, Shenkier TN, Hoskins PJ, Klasa R, Randy G, Joseph C, Sehn LH. Prognostic significance of primary extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in patients treated with R-CHOP. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.8583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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29
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Davies RA, Veinot JP, Williams K, Haddad H, Baker A, Donaldson J, Pugliese C, Struthers C, Masters RG, Hendry PJ, Mesana T. Assessment of cyclosporine pharmacokinetic parameters to facilitate conversion from C0 to C2 monitoring in heart transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2008; 39:3334-9. [PMID: 18089382 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2007.08.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclosporine (CsA) 2-hour postdose (C2) monitoring is recommended to assess CsA exposure and predict clinical outcomes among heart transplant recipients. We correlated pharmacokinetic parameters and clinical outcomes in stable long-term heart transplant recipients monitored with C0 to develop an algorithm to convert patients from C0 to C2 monitoring. METHODS Paired CsA C0-C2 measurements and serum creatinine levels were obtained from 35 heart transplant recipients more than 2 years posttransplantation (mean 8.8+/-4.7 years). RESULTS The mean CsA dose and C0, C2, and C0/C2 ratio were 85+/-23 mg/12 hours, 123+/-41 ng/mL, 572+/-274 ng/mL and 4.8+/-2.1, respectively. C0 correlated weakly with C2 (r=.42, P=.011). The CsA dose correlated better with C2 (r=.58; P<.001) than with C0 (r=.37; P=.026). A good correlation was noted between C2 and the C2/C0 ratio (r=.73; P<.001), but none between C0 and the C2/C0 ratio. A borderline significant inverse correlation was noted between C0 and the worst endomyocardial biopsy score (r=-.34; P=.045), whereas none was noted with C2. Serum creatinine level did not correlate with either C2 or C0. Among patients with C0 within our target of 100 to 150 ug/L, six had C2 above 300 to 600 ug/L as suggested by the literature. CONCLUSIONS In long-term heart transplant recipients, we could not identify a single pharmacokinetic parameter that could be used to develop an algorithm to convert from C0 to C2 monitoring; however, C2 may be better than C0 for identifying patients at risk of overexposure to CsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Davies
- Department of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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30
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Hamann A, Garcia-Puig J, Paul G, Donaldson J, Stewart M. Comparison of fixed-dose rosiglitazone/metformin combination therapy with sulphonylurea plus metformin in overweight individuals with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin alone. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007; 116:6-13. [PMID: 18095238 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-984441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM This 52-week, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study was designed to compare rosiglitazone/metformin fixed-dose combination therapy with combination sulphonylurea plus metformin therapy in overweight individuals with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHOD Individuals with inadequate glycaemic control (HbA (1c)> or =7%) while on metformin monotherapy (> or =0.85 g/day) entered a 4-week run-in period during which they received metformin 2 g/day. At the end of the run-in, individuals with fasting plasma glucose > or =7.0 mmol/l were randomized to treatment with metformin (2 g/day) and either rosiglitazone (4 mg/day; RSG+MET [N=294]) or a sulphonylurea (glibenclamide 5 mg/day or gliclazide 80 mg/day; SU+MET [N=302]). Medications were up-titrated to maximum tolerated doses (rosiglitazone 8 mg, glibenclamide 15 mg or gliclazide 320 mg plus metformin 2 g/day) during the first 12 weeks of double-blind treatment. The primary efficacy end point was the change in HbA (1c) from baseline after 52 weeks of treatment. RESULTS RSG+MET was non-inferior to SU+MET with respect to changes in HbA (1c) after one year of treatment (DeltaHbA (1c)= -0.78% and -0.86%, respectively; treatment difference =0.09%, 95% CI=-0.08, 0.25). The HbA (1c) reductions with RSG+MET, but not SU+MET, were accompanied by significant improvements in measures of beta-cell function including proinsulin:insulin ratio. The degree of beta-cell failure was significantly greater with SU+MET compared to RSG+MET as measured by the coefficient of failure (0.543 vs. 0.055 HbA (1c)%/year, respectively, p=0.0002). The proportion of individuals who experienced hypoglycaemic events was significantly (p<0.0001) lower with RSG+MET (6%) than with SU+MET (30%). Diastolic ambulatory blood pressure and cardiovascular biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) were also reduced following one year of treatment with RSG+MET but not SU+MET. Both treatments were generally well tolerated. CONCLUSION Fixed-dose combination therapy with rosiglitazone/metformin is non-inferior to sulphonylurea plus metformin combination therapy in reducing HbA (1c) over one year of treatment. Improvements in measures of beta-cell function suggest that the improvements in glycaemic control may be better maintained in long-term therapy with the rosiglitazone/metformin combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hamann
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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31
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Home PD, Bailey CJ, Donaldson J, Chen H, Stewart MW. A double-blind randomized study comparing the effects of continuing or not continuing rosiglitazone + metformin therapy when starting insulin therapy in people with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2007; 24:618-25. [PMID: 17403121 PMCID: PMC1974817 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the efficacy and safety of either continuing or discontinuing rosiglitazone + metformin fixed-dose combination when starting insulin therapy in people with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on oral therapy. METHODS In this 24-week double-blind study, 324 individuals with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on maximum dose rosiglitazone + metformin therapy were randomly assigned to twice-daily premix insulin therapy (target pre-breakfast and pre-evening meal glucose < or = 6.5 mmol/l) in addition to either rosiglitazone + metformin (8/2000 mg) or placebo. RESULTS Insulin dose at week 24 was significantly lower with rosiglitazone + metformin (33.5 +/- 1.5 U/day, mean +/- se) compared with placebo [59.0 +/- 3.0 U/day; model-adjusted difference -26.6 (95% CI -37.7, -15,5) U/day, P < 0.001]. Despite this, there was greater improvement in glycaemic control [HbA(1c) rosiglitazone + metformin vs. placebo 6.8 +/- 0.1 vs. 7.5 +/- 0.1%; difference -0.7 (-0.8, -0.5)%, P < 0.001] and more individuals achieved glycaemic targets (HbA(1c) < 7.0% 70 vs. 34%, P < 0.001). The proportion of individuals reporting at least one hypoglycaemic event during the last 12 weeks of treatment was similar in the two groups (rosiglitazone + metformin vs. placebo 25 vs. 27%). People receiving rosiglitazone + metformin in addition to insulin reported greater treatment satisfaction than those receiving insulin alone. Both treatment regimens were well tolerated but more participants had oedema [12 (7%) vs. 4 (3%)] and there was more weight gain [3.7 vs. 2.6 kg; difference 1.1 (0.2, 2.1) kg, P = 0.02] with rosiglitazone + metformin. CONCLUSIONS Addition of insulin to rosiglitazone + metformin enabled more people to reach glycaemic targets with less insulin, and was generally well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Home
- School of Medical Sciences--Diabetes, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Donaldson J, Knowles CH, Clark SK, Renfrew I, Lobo MD. Rectus sheath haematoma associated with low molecular weight heparin: a case series. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2007; 89:309-12. [PMID: 17394721 PMCID: PMC1964713 DOI: 10.1308/003588407x179152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A report of three cases of spontaneous rectus sheath haematoma within a 1-month period in a single hospital. The common feature was the recent treatment with low molecular weight heparin. In contrast to the perceived benign nature of the classically-described haematoma, the cases described were life-threatening and required aggressive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Donaldson
- Centre for Academic Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
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Tan HP, Kaczorowski DJ, Basu A, Unruh M, McCauley J, Wu C, Donaldson J, Dvorchik I, Kayler L, Marcos A, Randhawa P, Smetanka C, Starzl TE, Shapiro R. Living donor renal transplantation using alemtuzumab induction and tacrolimus monotherapy. Am J Transplant 2006; 6:2409-17. [PMID: 16889606 PMCID: PMC3154761 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01495.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alemtuzumab was used as an induction agent in 205 renal transplant recipients undergoing 207 living donor renal transplants. All donor kidneys were recovered laparoscopically. Postoperatively, patients were treated with tacrolimus monotherapy, and immunosuppression was weaned when possible. Forty-seven recipients of living donor renal transplants prior to the induction era who received conventional triple drug immunosuppression without antibody induction served as historic controls. The mean follow-up was 493 days in the alemtuzumab group and 2101 days in the historic control group. Actuarial 1-year patient and graft survival were 98.6% and 98.1% in the alemtuzumab group, compared to 93.6% and 91.5% in the control group, respectively. The incidence of acute cellular rejection (ACR) at 1 year was 6.8% in the alemtuzumab group and 17.0% (p < 0.05) in the historic control group. Most (81.3%) episodes of ACR in the alemtuzumab group were Banff 1 (a or b) and were sensitive to steroid pulses for the treatment of rejection. There was no cytomegalovirus disease or infection. The incidence of delayed graft function was 0%, and the incidence of posttransplant insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was 0.5%. This study represents the largest series to date of live donor renal transplant recipients undergoing alemtuzumab induction, and confirms the short-term safety and efficacy of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Tan
- The Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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Tan H, Tom K, Thai N, Marsh J, Shaw-Stiffel T, Fontes P, DeVera M, Daily M, Donaldson J, Starzl T, Marcos A. L/I-4 Living donor liver transplants with alemtuzumab induction and steroid-free tacrolimus monotherapy. Clin Transplant 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2006.00577_3_4.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Stewart MW, Cirkel DT, Furuseth K, Donaldson J, Biswas N, Starkie MG, Phenekos C, Hamann A. Effect of metformin plus roziglitazone compared with metformin alone on glycaemic control in well-controlled Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2006; 23:1069-78. [PMID: 16978370 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01942.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effect of metformin plus roziglitazione (RSGMET) compared with metformin alone (MET) on glycaemic control in well-controlled Type 2 diabetes. METHODS Subjects (drug naïve or those on glucose-lowering monotherapy) were randomized (n = 526), following a 4-week placebo run-in period, to RSGMET [4 mg rosiglitazone (RSG)/500 mg MET] or MET 500 mg. From weeks 2-18, medication was escalated every 4 weeks (based on gastrointestinal tolerability), then remained at RSGMET 8 mg/2 g or MET 3 g for 14 weeks. RESULTS RSGMET reduced HbA(1c) from 7.2 +/- 0.6 to 6.7 +/- 0.8% at week 32, compared with a reduction from 7.2 +/- 0.6 to 6.8 +/- 0.9% with MET (treatment difference -0.13%; P = 0.0357). More subjects achieved an HbA(1c) value of </= 6.5% at week 32 with RSGMET (51.6 vs. 43.7%), but the treatment difference was not significant (odds ratio 1.37, P = 0.0949). RSGMET produced larger reductions from baseline in mean fasting plasma glucose (adjusted difference -0.62 mmol/l, P < 0.0001), with the odds ratio of achieving a target of < 7.0 mmol/l being 2.33 (P < 0.0001). Statistically significant differences in favour of RSGMET relative to MET were seen for homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-derived estimates of insulin sensitivity and pancreatic B-cell function, C-reactive protein (CRP), and systolic blood pressure. Overall rates of gastrointestinal adverse events (relevant to the known profile of MET) were comparable, but with a lower incidence of diarrhoea (8 vs. 18%) with RSGMET. Hypoglycaemia was reported in </= 7% subjects per group. CONCLUSIONS RSGMET provided similar short-term glycaemic control to MET with greater improvements in estimates of insulin sensitivity, B-cell function and CRP, with less diarrhoea and low risk of biochemical hypoglycaemia, suggesting that early use of combination therapy may be appropriate.
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Tan HP, Kaczorowski D, Basu A, McCauley J, Marcos A, Donaldson J, Unruh M, Randhawa P, Zeevi A, Shapiro R. Steroid-free tacrolimus monotherapy after pretransplantation thymoglobulin or Campath and laparoscopy in living donor renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 2006; 37:4235-40. [PMID: 16387087 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2005] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Living donor renal transplantation was performed under a regimen of recipient pretreatment and low-dose postoperative immunosuppression with subsequent weaning. From October 9, 2002, to December 31, 2004, 196 consecutive, unselected laparoscopic live donor nephrectomies resulting in 196 living donor renal transplantations were performed. Recipients were pretreated with rabbit antithymocyte globulin (thymoglobulin; 24 patients or [12%]) or Campath 1H (alemtuzumab; 166 patients [85%]), or were not in protocol (6 patients [3%]), and were given postoperative steroid-free low-dose tacrolimus immunosuppressive monotherapy with subsequent weaning. There was no donor mortality. Major and minor donor morbidities were 2.6% and 4.2%, respectively. Laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy recipient outcomes with a mean follow-up of 401 days included (1) recipient and graft survival of 99.0% and 97.4%, respectively; (2) no ureteral stenosis; (3) 0.5% delayed graft function, from recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclinosis; and (4) no vascular thrombosis. The incidence of acute rejection at 30, 90, and 401 days was 1.5%, 3.8%, and 11.2% (all 196 recipients), 0%, 25%, and 29.2% (thymoglobulin recipients), and 1.8%, 3.9%, and 8.4% (Campath 1H recipients), respectively. Sixty-six patients (33.7%) are receiving spaced-dose immunosuppressive monotherapy. The mean creatinine concentration in all recipients was 1.5 +/- 1.1 mg/dL. There were no instances of cytomegalovirus tissue invasive disease or posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease. The incidence of new-onset posttransplantation insulin-dependent diabetes was 0.5%. At current follow-up, the use of Campath 1H rather than thymoglobulin for pretreatment seems to have significantly improved the efficacy of our regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Tan
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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Abstract
Effluent and sludge samples from a number of dairy and piggery units in the North Island of New Zealand were collected and analysed for free ionic-copper (Cu(2+)) and organically-complexed Cu. The bioavailability of sludge-Cu was examined using microbial respiration and plant growth experiments. Microbial respiration was measured at various levels of Cu (0-1000 mg kg(-1)), added as copper sulfate (CuSO(4)) and sludge-Cu, using a Gilson differential respirometer. A glass house experiment was conducted to examine the transformation of Cu in soils and its subsequent uptake by ryegrass pasture. Three Cu sources were used that included fast-release CuSO(4), slow-release copper oxide (CuO) and Cu-enriched sludge. The pasture samples were analysed for Cu concentration. The transformation of Cu in the soil was monitored by analysing the soil samples for various fractions of Cu. The effluent and sludge samples collected from farms which regularly used Cu to treat lameness in dairy cattle and as a growth promoter in swine contained higher concentration of Cu. The total Cu concentration ranged from approximately 0.1 to 1.55 mg l(-1) and from 0.5 to 10.5 mg l(-1) in the piggery and diary effluent, respectively. The corresponding values for the sludge samples were 3.0-526 and 25-105 mg kg(-1). Most of the Cu in both the effluent and solid sludge material was organically complexed. The respiration measurements indicated that sludge-Cu was less toxic to soil microbial activity than CuSO(4). The results from the glass house experiment indicated that increasing the level of Cu applied through fertilisers and sludge increased Cu concentration in plants. At the same rate of application, plants took up less Cu from sludge and CuO than from CuSO(4). There was, however, a greater translocation of Cu from root to shoot at the highest rate of Cu through sludge application. The Cu fractionation study indicated that there was greater accumulation of organic bound Cu in the sludge-treated soil than the fertiliser-treated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Bolan
- Institute of Natural Resources, Soil and Earth Science Group, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Shapiro R, Scantlebury VP, Jordan ML, Vivas CA, Jain A, Hakala TR, McCauley J, Johnston J, Randhawa P, Fedorek S, Gray E, Chesky A, Dvorchik I, Donaldson J, Fung JJ, Starzl TE. A pilot trial of tacrolimus, sirolimus, and steroids in renal transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2002; 34:1651-2. [PMID: 12176521 PMCID: PMC2948865 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)02966-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Shapiro
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Farooq R, Wang Y, Lin F, Shaukat SF, Donaldson J, Chouhdary AJ. Effect of ultrasound on the removal of copper from the model solutions for copper electrolysis process. Water Res 2002; 36:3165-3169. [PMID: 12171416 DOI: 10.1016/s0043-1354(01)00546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel combination of an ultrasonic field with electrolysis for the removal of copper is studied. In the ultrasonic field, cavitation acts as jets and agitates the solution and breaks the barrier layer between the cathode surface and the bulk of the solution, thus increases the metal deposition on the cathode surface. The results show that an ultrasonic field is successful for the removal of low copper concentrations in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robina Farooq
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of S & T, Shanghai, China.
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41
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Farooq R, Wang Y, Shaukat SF, Donaldson J, Chaudhary AJ. Removal of copper from a copper sulphate solution using an ultrasonic-electrolysis process. J Environ Sci (China) 2002; 14:375-379. [PMID: 12211989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The application of ultrasonic-electrolysis process for the removal of copper is studied. In the ultrasonic field cavitation acts as jets and agitates the solution and breaks the barrier layer between the cathode surface and the bulk of the solution. Thus increases metal deposition on the cathode surface. The results show that an ultrasonic field is successful for the removal of low copper concentrations in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robina Farooq
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of S & T, Shanghai 200237, China.
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42
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Donaldson J. Review to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse led clinic. Nurs Times 2001; 97:42. [PMID: 11957686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Donaldson
- School of Health Studies, Bell College, Hamilton
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Shapiro R, Randhawa P, Jordan ML, Scantlebury VP, Vivas C, Jain A, Corry RJ, McCauley J, Johnston J, Donaldson J, Gray EA, Dvorchik I, Hakala TR, Fung JJ, Starzl TE. An analysis of early renal transplant protocol biopsies--the high incidence of subclinical tubulitis. Am J Transplant 2001; 1:47-50. [PMID: 12095037 PMCID: PMC2955896 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-6143.2001.010109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the possibility that we have been underestimating the true incidence of acute rejection, we began to perform protocol biopsies after kidney transplantation. This analysis looks at the one-week biopsies. Between March 1 and October 1, 1999, 100 adult patients undergoing cadaveric kidney or kidney/pancreas transplantation, or living donor kidney transplantation, underwent 277 biopsies. We focused on the subset of biopsies in patients without delayed graft function (DGF) and with stable or improving renal function, who underwent a biopsy 8.2+/-2.6 d (range 3-18 d) after transplantation (n = 28). Six (21%) patients with no DGF and with stable or improving renal function had borderline histopathology, and 7 (25%) had acute tubulitis on the one-week biopsy. Of the 277 kidney biopsies, there was one (0.4%) serious hemorrhagic complication, in a patient receiving low molecular weight heparin; she ultimately recovered and has normal renal function. Her biopsy showed Banff 1B tubulitis. In patients with stable or improving renal allograft function early after transplantation, subclinical tubulitis may be present in a substantial number of patients. This suggests that the true incidence of rejection may be higher than is clinically appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shapiro
- University of Pittsburgh, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, PA 15213, USA.
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Donaldson J, Borzatta MA, Matossian D. Nutrition strategies in neurotrauma. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 2000; 12:465-75. [PMID: 11855250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
A basic understanding of metabolic alterations that occur following neurotrauma is essential for addressing nutritional requirements. Interventions must be research based and must focus on the support of metabolic alterations, minimizing the effect of catabolism and optimizing caloric delivery to meet metabolic demand. The goal of accuracy in the delivery of nutritional support is to ensure a reduction in patient morbidity. Nutritional support requires an ongoing, daily assessment of caloric goals, protein requirements, patient responses, and assessment of nutritional laboratory values. Using this strategy, neurotrauma patients will have the greatest opportunity for a positive outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Donaldson
- Mission Hospital Regional Medical Center, Mission Viejo, California, USA
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Pearson AD, Greenwood MH, Donaldson J, Healing TD, Jones DM, Shahamat M, Feltham RK, Colwell RR. Continuous source outbreak of campylobacteriosis traced to chicken. J Food Prot 2000; 63:309-14. [PMID: 10716557 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-63.3.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Poultry is a source of human campylobacteriosis, but a large continuous source outbreak, heretofore, has not been attributed to both a single source of poultry and single serotype of Campylobacter. Here we report an outbreak of C. jejuni affecting 6 catering college trainees and 13 patrons of a restaurant in southern England. An epidemiological investigation successfully tracked the outbreak source to the farm of origin. Frequency of occurrence of campylobacters and outbreak serotype distribution were determined in index cases, the local population, and local chicken suppliers. The source farm was investigated and the effect of interventions assessed. A single outbreak serotype of C. jejuni was isolated from trainee chefs, patrons, and chicken supplied to the college by Wholesaler A. The Campylobacter isolation rate for Wholesaler A was 89% (98% outbreak serotype), compared to 40% for non-Wholesaler A (10% outbreak serotype). The isolation rate for 14 months averaged 85% (99% outbreak serotype) in chickens grown on two farms (X and Y) supplying Wholesaler A, contributing approximately 40% to all local cases. In the research reported here, a specific strain and hygiene practice were found to be important for understanding transmission of Campylobacter from poultry to humans in this outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Pearson
- Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK
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Falk RT, Rossi SC, Fears TR, Sepkovic DW, Migella A, Adlercreutz H, Donaldson J, Bradlow HL, Ziegler RG. A new ELISA kit for measuring urinary 2-hydroxyestrone, 16alpha-hydroxyestrone, and their ratio: reproducibility, validity, and assay performance after freeze-thaw cycling and preservation by boric acid. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000; 9:81-7. [PMID: 10667467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is considerable controversy regarding the role of estrogen metabolites in breast cancer risk, fueled in part by the development of a rapid ELISA that is suitable for large scale investigations. An earlier version of the ELISA could detect values of the 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1) and 16alpha-hydroxyestrone (16alpha-OHE1) metabolites as low as 2 ng/ml and produce consistent results in premenopausal urines. However, reproducibility was problematic in postmenopausal urines where concentrations of these compounds are much lower. In response to our concern, a new ELISA was developed with a sensitivity of 0.625 ng/ml, which we evaluated using the same pre- and postmenopausal urine samples analyzed in the earlier ELISA. In this report, we present findings on the new kit with regard to reproducibility of the 2-OHE1 and 16alpha-OHE1 measurements, comparability of results with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy values, and with regard to the stability of the metabolites after repeated freeze-thaw cycles and after preservation by boric acid. For the most part, we found the new ELISA to be reproducible, with assay coefficients of variation ranging from 10 to 20%, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranging from 80 to 95% in both the pre- and postmenopausal urines. ELISA results for 16alpha-OHE1 differed from 1 day (i.e., batch) to the next, and the absolute values of the metabolites obtained by the ELISA were consistently lower than but well correlated with those obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Values of the 2-OHE1:16alpha-OHE1 ratio also differed between the methods, but because the range of values was not large, the magnitude of these differences was not as great. For the ratio, the correlation between methods was excellent, and the ICCs were high for both groups of women. After preservation by boric acid, values of the ratio varied according to acid concentration but not in a linear fashion. Ratio values were similar in urine samples exposed to four different freeze-thaw cycle treatments, although values for all treatments were consistently lower in one batch. Because batch-to-batch variability was not negligible, it is advisable that matched cases and controls be analyzed in the same batch. Provided this is done, the relatively low assay coefficient of variation and high ICC demonstrate that the new ELISA kit can reliably measure the 2-OHE1:16alpha-OHE1 ratio and detect small case-control differences in large population-based studies, where rapid and relatively easy laboratory methods are critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Falk
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Whyte D, Donaldson J. All in the family. Nurs Times 1999; 95:47-8. [PMID: 10603873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Whyte
- Department of Nursing Studies, University of Edinburgh
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Furman RH, Backer CL, Dunham ME, Donaldson J, Mavroudis C, Holinger LD. The use of balloon-expandable metallic stents in the treatment of pediatric tracheomalacia and bronchomalacia. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999; 125:203-7. [PMID: 10037287 DOI: 10.1001/archotol.125.2.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of balloon-expandable metallic stents in the treatment of children with tracheomalacia and bronchomalacia in whom conventional therapy has failed. DESIGN Retrospective case series. SETTING Tertiary pediatric otolaryngology and cardiothoracic surgery referral center. PATIENTS Six patients were identified as having undergone bronchoscopic placement of metallic balloon-expandable stents between 1994 and 1997. The age at stent placement, prior surgical interventions, and indications for and sites of stent placement were noted. Also, the complications related to stent placement and the current airway status of the patients were reviewed. INTERVENTIONS Twelve balloon-expandable metallic angioplasty stents (Palmaz; Johnson & Johnson Interventional Systems Co, Warren, NJ) were placed bronchoscopically in 6 patients. Six stents were placed in the lower trachea, and 6 were placed in the main bronchi. The stents were balloon expanded under fluoroscopic guidance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Discontinuation of mechanical ventilation. RESULTS The age at stent placement ranged from 1.5 to 38 months (mean age at placement, 10 months). The indications for stent placement were (1) tracheomalacia or bronchomalacia, (2) pericardial patch or slide tracheoplasty failure, and (3) bronchomalacia caused by tetralogy of Fallot and large pulmonary arteries. The primary complication of stent placement was postoperative granulation tissue formation. One patient required the removal of 2 tracheal stents because of granulation tissue formation. There were 2 deaths in the series, 1 possibly related to stent placement. Four of the 6 patients were weaned from mechanical ventilation, and 3 experienced prolonged relief of airway obstruction. CONCLUSIONS Metallic balloon-expandable stents are effective in relieving lower tracheomalacia and bronchomalacia in select patients. Only patients in whom conventional therapy has failed should be considered for stent placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Furman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
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50
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Hussein Z, Beerahee M, Grover R, Jordan B, Jeffs R, Donaldson J, Zaccardelli D, Colice G, Guntupalli K, Watson D, Vincent JL. Pharmacokinetics of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NG-methylarginine hydrochloride in patients with septic shock. Glaxo Wellcome International Septic Shock Study Group. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999; 65:1-9. [PMID: 9951425 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9236(99)70116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the pharmacokinetics of L-NG-methylarginine in patients with septic shock. METHODS This was an international, uncontrolled, open-label study of L-NG-methylarginine (546C88) therapy given to 32 patients with septic shock. It was conducted in hospital-based intensive care units that admit general surgical and medical patients. Patient cohorts received an infusion of L-NG-methylarginine at fixed dose rates of 1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/h for up to 8 hours. The 5 dosing regimens were administered sequentially to separate groups of patients. RESULTS Of the 32 patients studied, 23 received complete 8-hour infusions. In the other 9 patients, the infusion was terminated prematurely within the first 1/2 to 4 hours. Median clearance of L-NG-methylarginine averaged 485 mL/h/kg for the 1 and 2.5 mg/kg/h dosing cohorts combined but decreased to 283, 181, and 98 mL/h/kg for the 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/h dosing cohorts, respectively. Median renal clearance was similar at 9 to 26 mL/h for the 1, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg/h dosing cohorts but increased to 156 and 284 mL/h for the 10 and 20 mg/kg/h dosing cohorts, respectively. Median steady-state volume of distribution was similar in all 5 dosing cohorts, averaging 0.66 to 0.82 L/kg. CONCLUSIONS The 80% decrease in clearance from 485 to 98 mL/h/kg with the increase in dose suggests that a predominant metabolic pathway(s) of L-NG-methylarginine, accounting for at least 80% of clearance, is becoming progressively saturable in association with L-NG-methylarginine infusion rates > or = 5 mg/kg/h. Therefore the use of L-NG-methylarginine infusion rates > or = 5 mg/kg/h are typically expected to result in progressive inhibition of nitric oxide synthase activity. Consequently, patient hemodynamics should be monitored closely to avoid an excessive increase in vasomotor tone, which would be manifest by either an increase in mean arterial pressure or a decrease in cardiac output. The infusion rates of conventional vasopressor(s) (eg, norepinephrine [BAN, noradrenaline]) or L-NG-methylarginine or both may need to be reduced accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Hussein
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development, Greenford, England
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