1
|
Chmielewski J, Łoś K, Waszkiewicz N, Łuczyński W. Mindfulness Is Related to the Situational Awareness of Medical Students Confronted with Life-Threatening Emergency Situations. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091955. [PMID: 34063194 PMCID: PMC8124909 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency medicine can impose a heavy psychological burden on healthcare workers. Stress experienced during life-threatening situations may disrupt situational awareness (SA), i.e., the perception of environmental elements with respect to time and space, the comprehension of their meaning, and the projection of their state into the near future. We aimed to investigate whether mindfulness (a special way of paying attention: conscious, non-judgmental, and oriented to the present moment) can be related to the SA levels among final-year medical students confronted with life-threatening situations during medical simulations. METHODS The simulations were constructed as high-fidelity scenarios in children and adults (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03761355). The components of mindfulness were assessed using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. SA among students was assessed using The Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique at three levels: (1) data, (2) comprehension, and (3) projection. RESULTS In total, 117 students were included. Level 1 SA positively correlated with the overall mindfulness score and its components, i.e., nonreactivity, conscious presence, and nonjudgment. Moreover, level 3 SA significantly correlated with the description, but not with the overall mindfulness score. A regression model showed that nonreactivity explained 34% of Level 1 of SA variability. The addition of conscious presence and nonjudgment into this model did not change its predictive value. CONCLUSIONS nonreactivity a component of mindfulness of final-year medical students is related to the meticulous data collection of patients in life-threatening situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Chmielewski
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Białystok, Plac Brodowicza 1, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland; (J.C.); (N.W.)
| | - Kacper Łoś
- Department of Medical Simulations, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 30, 15-295 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Napoleon Waszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Białystok, Plac Brodowicza 1, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland; (J.C.); (N.W.)
| | - Włodzimierz Łuczyński
- Department of Medical Simulations, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 30, 15-295 Białystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-686-5253
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Łoś K, Chmielewski J, Cebula G, Bielecki T, Torres K, Łuczyński W. Relationship between mindfulness, stress, and performance in medical students in pediatric emergency simulations. GMS J Med Educ 2021; 38:Doc78. [PMID: 34056067 PMCID: PMC8136353 DOI: 10.3205/zma001474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Pediatric teams of emergency departments work under extreme stress, which affects high-level cognitive functions, specifically attention and memory. Therefore, the methods of stress management are being sought. Mindfulness as a process of intentionally paying attention to each moment with acceptance of each experience without judgment can potentially contribute to improving the performance of medical teams. Medical simulation is a technique that creates a situation to allow persons to experience a representation of a real event for the purpose of education. It has been shown that emergency medicine simulation may create a high physiological fidelity environment similarly to what is observed in a real emergency room. The aim of our study was to determine whether the technical and non-technical skills of medical students in the course of pediatric high fidelity simulations are related to their mindfulness and stress. Participants and methods: A total of 166 standardized simulations were conducted among students of medicine in three simulation centers of medical universities, assessing: stress sensation (subjectively and heart rate/blood pressure), technical (checklists) and non-technical skills (Ottawa scale) and mindfulness (five facet mindfulness questionnaire): ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03761355. Results: The perception of stress among students was lower and more motivating if they were more mindful. Mindfulness of students correlated positively with avoiding fixation error. In the consecutive simulations the leaders' non-technical skills improved, although no change was noted in their technical skills. Conclusion: The results of our research indicate that mindfulness influence the non-technical skills and the perception of stress of medical students during pediatric emergency simulations. Further research is needed to show whether mindfulness training leads to improvement in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Łoś
- Medical University of Białystok, Department of Medical Simulations, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Chmielewski
- Medical University of Białystok, Department of Psychiatry, Białystok, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Cebula
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Medical Education, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bielecki
- Medical University of Lublin, Department of Didactics and Medical Simulations, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamil Torres
- Medical University of Lublin, Department of Didactics and Medical Simulations, Lublin, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Łuczyński
- Medical University of Białystok, Department of Medical Simulations, Białystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Healthcare professionals are exposed not only to the ubiquitous stress, but also to the culture of perfectionism. Therefore, they need tools to achieve a balance between work and rest in order to effectively help their patients. The study objective is a review of the literature on the implementation of mindfulness in healthcare professionals and medical students. The authors searched the literature in PubMed and Google Scholar databases for publications about "mindfulness" in "healthcare professionals" and "medical students." The search included manuscripts published to July 31, 2019. Mindfulness is a process of intentional paying attention to experiencing the present moment with curiosity, openness and acceptance of each experience without judgment. Mindfulness training leads to a better mood perception, lower stress perception, and responding to stimuli more effectively. All these features can have a potentially positive effect on healthcare service. The paper describes methods of intervention as well as their effects, which may be useful both in maintaining the well-being of healthcare professionals and in patient care. Mindfulness meditation has a beneficial effect on stress, depression, burnout, well-being and empathy among doctors, nurses and other healthcare workers. However, the method has a number of limitations, including a small number of participants, a high dropout rate in the intervention group and, above all, ceasing to practice mindfulness in the longer term after the course termination. Mindfulness can be widely implemented by healthcare professionals, thus improving their well-being and the quality of care they provide. Further standard scientific research is needed to confirm this impact. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2021;34(1):1-14.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Chmielewski
- Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland (Department of Psychiatry)
| | - Kacper Łoś
- Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland (Students' Scientific Section at the Department of Medical Simulations)
| | - Włodzimierz Łuczyński
- Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland (Department of Medical Simulations)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Łoś K, Chmielewski J, Łuczyński W. Relationship between Executive Functions, Mindfulness, Stress, and Performance in Pediatric Emergency Simulations. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17062040. [PMID: 32204436 PMCID: PMC7142723 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, high-fidelity medical simulation has become an accepted and widely used teaching method in pediatrics. Both simulation and work in the real conditions of emergency departments are accompanied by stress that affects the executive functions of participants. One of the methods for reducing stress among medical students and healthcare professionals is the practice of mindfulness. The aim of this study was to examine whether executive functions, mindfulness, and stress are related to the technical and non-technical skills of medical students participating in medical simulations in pediatrics. The study included 153 final-year medical students. A total of 306 high-fidelity simulations of life-threatening situations involving children were conducted. Results: Stress and the coping mechanism of the participants were correlated to their skills during pediatric simulations. Some components of mindfulness, such as non-judgment and conscious action, were positively related to the skills of medical team leaders. Executive functions correlated with the non-technical skills and mindfulness of the medical students. Conclusions: Stress, mindfulness, and executive functions modeled the behavior and skills of medical students during pediatric simulations of life-threatening events. Further research in this area may prove whether mindfulness training will improve learning outcomes in pediatric emergency medicine.
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
SummaryThe release of platelet factor 4 during platelet aggregation was investigated in diabetic patients. We observed an increased release of platelet factor 4 in diabetic patients.The authors suggest that the increased release of platelet factor 4 may play an essential role in pathogenesis of thromboembolic complications in diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
|
6
|
Chmielewski J. Run-time UI Adaptation in the Context of the Device-Independent Architecture. Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems 2015. [DOI: 10.15439/2015f259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
7
|
Gliszczyńska-Swigło A, Ciska E, Pawlak-Lemańska K, Chmielewski J, Borkowski T, Tyrakowska B. Changes in the content of health-promoting compounds and antioxidant activity of broccoli after domestic processing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 23:1088-98. [PMID: 17071511 DOI: 10.1080/02652030600887594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of water- and steam-cooking on the content of vitamin C, polyphenols, carotenoids, tocopherols and glucosinolates, as well as on the antioxidant activity of broccoli, are reported. Flavonoids, phenolic acids, vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, lutein, and glucosinolates in domestically processed broccoli were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods; total polyphenols were determined with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The antioxidant capacities of broccoli extracts were evaluated using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods. The results indicated that steam-cooking of broccoli results in an increase in polyphenols, as well as the main glucosinolates and their total content as compared with fresh broccoli, whereas cooking in water has the opposite effect. Steam-cooking of broccoli has no influence on vitamin C, whereas cooking in water significantly lowers its content. Both, water- and steam-cooking of broccoli results in an increase in beta-carotene, lutein, and alpha- and gamma-tocopherols as compared with fresh broccoli. Similar effects of steaming and water-cooking of broccoli on their antioxidant activity were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gliszczyńska-Swigło
- Faculty of Commodity Science, Poznań University of Economics, al. Niepodleglości 10, 60-967, Poznań, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Amphiphilic peptides designed to have a pH-dependent conformational change and membrane activity are described. At physiologic pH, the peptides would exist in a random coil conformation, but at endosomal pH values they would switch to amphiphilic alpha-helices, disrupt membranes, and release liposomal contents. A series of peptides have been investigated that contain a high percentage of Glu residues for the pH-induced conformational switch, and Leu residues for optimal lipid binding. Circular dichroism (CD) results in aqueous and liposomal environments were performed and demonstrate a pH-dependent shift to helicity upon acidification. Liposomal release data at neutral and acidic pH, also document the success of this design strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H-M Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Patel M, White M, Mourkoussis N, Walczak K, Wojciechowski R, Chmielewski J. Metadata requirements for digital museum environments. Int J Digit Libr 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00799-004-0104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Abstract
The nuclear localization signal sequence (NLS) of the transcription factor NF-kappaB is a cationic peptide with the ability to cross the cytoplasmic membrane and facilitate the delivery of attached cargo, such as DNA and proteins, to cells. Previous research had pointed to the essential role of cationic residues, therefore, the importance of residues within the NLS of NF-kappaB was evaluated for cellular uptake using an alanine replacement strategy. Although it was expected that removal of the cationic groups would have the greatest effect on membrane translocation, the most significant decreases in cellular uptake occurred with the replacement of the hydrophilic Q6 (80%) and the hydrophobic L8 (70%) residues. Replacement of the positively charged residues resulted in 30-40% decrease in cellular uptake, indicating that electrostatic interactions are not the primary driving force for membrane translocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Ragin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang HC, Kurimoto M, Kahr B, Chmielewski J. Alpha-lactose monohydrate single crystals as hosts for matrix isolation of guest biopolymers. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:2279-83. [PMID: 11553466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Single crystals of alpha-lactose monohydrate show a remarkable tendency to include biopolymers, such as proteins, oligonucleotides and dextrans, within the growing lattice. Glycosylation increased the amount of protein contained within the crystals. The guest molecules were found only within the (010) growth sector of the hatchet shaped crystals, thereby binding preferentially to one of the seven developed crystal faces. The topographical features of the active surface are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H C Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1393, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor Tal has been shown to form heterodimers with the ubiquitously expressed bHLH transcription factor E47 and thereby modulate gene expression. The absence of homodimeric Tal-DNA complexes had been attributed to the inability of Tal to homodimerize, but subsequent studies have shown that the bHLH region of Tal does homodimerize. In order to correlate the contributions of both the basic region and the helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain to the lack of DNA binding by Tal homodimers, mutant and fusion proteins based on Tal and E47 were designed and synthesized. Size-exclusion chromatography established that all mutant and fusion proteins were dimeric. Point mutations were made within the basic region of Tal based on residues within E47 that are essential for DNA binding, but an affinity for DNA was not observed. Even complete replacement of the basic region in Tal with the basic region of E47, in an E47-Tal fusion protein, did not confer DNA binding upon the protein. However, when the dimerization domain in Tal was replaced with its E47 counterpart, in a Tal-E47 fusion protein, sequence specific DNA binding was observed with an apparent dissociation constant of 3.6 x 10(-9) M2. Furthermore, circular dichroism studies showed that the basic region of Tal in the Tal-E47 fusion protein underwent a random coil to helix transition in the presence of a specific DNA probe. These experimental observations indicate that the inability of Tal homodimers to recognize DNA stems from a misalignment of its basic region with respect to the HLH domain, rather than an intrinsic inability of the Tal basic region to bind DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The self-assembly of helical peptides and information transfer through autocatalysis and cross-catalysis are the foundation of peptide-based molecular evolution models. Many fundamental properties of living systems, such as environmental sensitivity, chiroselectivity, cross-catalysis, dynamic error correction and conditional selection, are exhibited by various self-replicating peptide systems. Recently, advances have been made in the design of peptide systems with autocatalytic and cross-catalytic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Issac
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
A novel strategy was used to irreversibly inhibit HIV-1 protease. The inhibitor was designed to form a disulfide bond with Cys95, present at the dimerization interface of HIV-1 protease. The inhibitor was shown to be active against HIV-1 protease with K(inact) = 3.7 microM and V(inact) = 0.012 min(-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Zutshi
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shultz MD, Bowman MJ, Ham YW, Zhao X, Tora G, Chmielewski J. Small-Molecule Inhibitors of HIV-1 Protease Dimerization Derived from Cross-Linked Interfacial Peptides This work was supported by NIH (GM52739) and NSF (9457372-CHE). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000; 39:2710-2713. [PMID: 10934401 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20000804)39:15<2710::aid-anie2710>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MD Shultz
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907 (USA)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
c-Jun is an oncoprotein that comprises a portion of the AP-1 transcription factor and belongs to the basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) DNA binding protein family. Using peptides derived from the leucine zipper region of Fos, we have developed agents that inhibit Jun's DNA binding in the low micromolar range. Fos peptides that were effective inhibitors in the DNA binding assay were also found to inhibit cellular Jun binding to an AP-1 site in a luciferase reporter plasmid in MCF-7 cells. Size exclusion studies confirmed that peptides that inhibit the DNA binding of Jun also inhibit its dimerization. These peptides were found to have a cytotoxic effect on the MCF-7 cell line when delivered with the transfecting agent Tfx-50, possibly due to their role as transcription factor regulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
A chemical ligation system is reported, in which a highly acidic coiled-coil peptide was used to template two basic peptide fragments and catalyze their condensation, in a pH-tunable fashion, to generate a coiled-coil product. This template showed a high catalytic efficiency (with single turnover) under neutral conditions. Under acidic conditions, however, its catalytic efficiency was reduced by approximately 4500-fold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
The design of dimeric coiled-coils has ultimately led to novel applications, such as self-replicating peptide systems, whereas the structural features of the less common trimeric coiled-coil continue to be elucidated. Novel topologies have been discovered in designed proteins, as exemplified by the right-handed tetrameric coiled-coil and the inverted U four-helix bundle, and a single switch of two amino acids within a protein has been shown to be sufficient to designate a new protein fold. Conformational switching from helix to sheet has been observed for designed peptides and transcription factors, whereas peptides designed from beta-amino acids have been found to adopt a helical conformation in aqueous solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Micklatcher
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
The importance of each side chain of a cross-linked interfacial peptide inhibitor of HIV-1 protease was evaluated using an alanine scanning approach. Whereas the parent inhibitor has an IC50 value of 350 nM, values for the mutations reported here range from 280-9200 nM. The relative importance or each residue was thus assigned and correlated to the solvent accessible surface area (SASA) exposed upon mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Shultz
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
A beta-sheet peptide inhibitor, 2H10, has been developed that inhibits the dimerization of the transcription factor E47. Inhibition of E47 dimerization has been demonstrated to also inhibit the DNA binding of this transcription factor. Truncated peptides based on 2H10 have demonstrated that the beta-sheet content of these peptides directly correlates with their inhibitory properties. Individual residues within 2H10 were identified that were responsible for the beta-sheet secondary structure by employing an alanine replacement strategy. The beta-sheet character of the alanine mutants also correlated well with their inhibition of E47 DNA binding. These results provide further evidence that interactions between the interfacial peptide inhibitors of E47 and the transcription factor itself are mediated by a beta-sheet structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Self-replication has been demonstrated in synthetic chemical systems based on oligonucleotides, peptides and complementary molecules without natural analogues. However, within a living cell virtually no molecule catalyses its own formation, and the search for chemical systems in which both auto- and cross-catalysis can occur has therefore attracted wide interest. One such system, consisting of two self-replicating peptides that catalyse each other's production, has been reported. Here we describe a four-component peptide system that is capable of auto- and cross-catalysis and allows for the selective amplification of one or more of the products by changing the reaction conditions. The ability of this system selectively to amplify one or more molecules in response to changes in environmental conditions such as pH or salt concentration supports the suggestions that self-replicating peptides may have played a role in the origin of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Interfacial peptides of HIV-1 protease were crosslinked with varying length alkyl-chains containing either a single cis or trans double bond, or a triple bond to remove degrees of freedom within the tethers. The synthesis of these compounds and their effects on the activity of HIV-1 protease are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L G Ulysse
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many transcription factors are active only in their dimeric form, including the basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors. The disruption of the dimer therefore presents a means of inhibiting the biological functions of such transcription factors. E47 is a homodimeric bHLH transcription factor with a four-helix bundle dimerization interface. Here, we investigate the concept of dimerization inhibition using peptides derived from the dimerization domain of E47. RESULTS We have synthesized several peptides corresponding to the E47 dimerization interface that inhibit E47 DNA-binding activity with IC50 values in the range of 3.6-120 mM. Interestingly, helix II; a peptide corresponding to the carboxy-terminal helix of the E47 dimerization interface, adopted a beta-sheet structure in solution, as shown using circular dichroism (CD), and inhibited the binding of E47 to DNA at equimolar concentrations. Size-exclusion chromatography, analytical ultracentrifugation and cross-linking experiments verified that this peptide prevented E47 dimerization. Furthermore, CD experiments provided evidence that helix II could induce a beta-sheet secondary structure upon the highly alpha-helical E47 bHLH domain. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first demonstration of dissociative inhibition in the bHLH class of transcription factors and also provides an example of beta-sheet induction in an alpha-helical protein. Future experiments will prove the structural determinants of the beta-sheet secondary structure in helix II and investigate the generality of the dissociative strategy in other transcription factor families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many enzymes are active only in a dimeric form, including a variety of type II restriction endonucleases. Disruption of subunit interactions is therefore a potential method for multimeric enzyme inhibition. EcoRI is a homodimeric restriction endonuclease, the dimeric interface of which consists of a four-helix bundle. We set out to design helical peptides to interact with this interface and block dimer formation, thus rendering EcoRI inactive. RESULTS Here we describe two synthetic, helical peptides based on the interfacial region of EcoRI. Both peptides inhibit the enzyme, but the peptide derived from the alpha 4 helix of EcoRI had both a higher helical content and better efficacy than a variant peptide, alpha 4(Leu), that has three Ile-->Leu mutations (IC50 values of 27 microM and 90 microM, and helical contents of 29% and 10%, respectively). Size-exclusion chromatography confirmed that the alpha 4 peptide disrupted dimerization of EcoRI, and circular dichroism indicated that EcoRI remained folded upon binding to alpha 4. Inhibition with alpha 4 and alpha 4(Leu) was shown to be specific for EcoRI, as the dimeric restriction enzyme PvuII was not affected by the peptides. CONCLUSIONS Interfacial peptide inhibitors of the dimeric EcoRI were obtained that both inhibit dimerization and endonuclease activity. The peptide sequence with a preference for a helical conformation was a more effective inhibitor, presumably because the more preorganized state enhanced interactions with the helical interface of EcoRI. The specific nature of this endonuclease-peptide interaction was also confirmed. The potential of this strategy for inhibiting other enzyme classes is currently being addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Brickner
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Endothiopeptide inhibitors of HIV-1 protease were synthesized by chemical and enzymatic methods to individually replace each backbone amide bond in 1 with a thioamide-linkage. Interestingly, agent 7, which contains a thioamide-linkage between the P2' and P3' positions of 1, was the most potent, competitive inhibitor of HIV-1 protease with a Ki of 3.4 microM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Protein-protein association is found throughout mechanisms of cellular growth and differentiation, and viral replication. Inhibiting the assembly of protein complexes, therefore, presents itself as a novel means of inhibition for a wide variety of cellular and viral events. Peptides and small molecules that modify the overall quaternary structure of a selection of receptor-ligand interactions and oligomeric viral enzymes have been developed recently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Zutshi
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Vogel K, Cook J, Chmielewski J. Subtilisin-catalyzed religation of proteolyzed hen egg-white lysozyme: investigation of the role of disulfides. Chem Biol 1996; 3:295-9. [PMID: 8807857 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(96)90109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of proteases to form, instead of break, peptide bonds has expanded the repertoire of techniques available for protein semisynthesis. Several groups have previously reported the use of proteases in aqueous-organic solvents to form single amide bonds within proteins, but low yields and lengthy reaction times make this an impractical approach to protein synthesis. We recently found that proteolyzed triose phosphate isomerase can be re-ligated rapidly and efficiently by subtilisin, in mixed aqueous-organic solvent systems. RESULTS We now report the use of subtilisin to resynthesize hen egg-white lysozyme from a mixture of its proteolyzed fragments in high yield and with rapid reaction times. This enzymatic religation can also be achieved after reduction of the four disulfide bonds present in lysozyme, with the same efficiency as that observed for the disulfide-containing proteolysis mixture. CONCLUSIONS For egg-white lysozyme, the subtilisin religation reaction can be used to re-synthesize a proteolyzed protein even after reduction of disulfide bonds. The utility of this reaction in more generalized protein semisynthesis reactions is currently being explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Vogel
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bishop P, Jones C, Ghosh I, Chmielewski J. Synthesis of the basic-helix-loop-helix region of the immunoglobulin enhancer binding protein E47 and evaluation of its structural and DNA binding properties. Int J Pept Protein Res 1995; 46:149-54. [PMID: 8567169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1995.tb01330.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) region of the immunoglobulin enhancer binding protein E47 (IEB E47) was prepared in high yield by a solid-phase peptide synthesis methodology. Size-exclusion chromatography, sedimentation equilibrium and cross-linking data showed that the synthetic bHLH protein, 1, was dimeric, and higher-order aggregates of trimer and tetramer were also observed. The circular dichroism spectrum of 1 showed a high helical content, which increased upon addition of DNA containing the kappa E2 sequence. Gel mobility shift experiments showed that protein 1 bound sequence specifically to the kappa E2 sequence with a binding constant of 10(-10) M2, and had an affinity for other E box sequences as well. Comparisons between the co-crystal structure of IEB E47 with DNA and structural studies in solution showed lower helical contents in solution as would have been predicted from the crystal structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Bishop
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
A computer algorithm was devised for the evaluation of helical stability of potentially amphiphilic peptide sequences of specified length containing a set number of leucines in the hydrophobic region. All possible combinations of Glu, Lys and Gln in the hydrophilic region are rated using a set of empirical rules for salt bridge formation in alpha-helices, and the sequences which rate the highest are displayed. The rules for salt bridge formation were largely derived from published studies on the effects of salt bridges on helical stability. The algorithm was tested by redesigning a known amphiphilic alpha-helical peptide, alpha 1B or 1, which has been shown to aggregate into four-helix bundles. Comparison of the circular dichroism spectra of two peptides, 2 and 3, to 1 demonstrated that the redesigned peptide with the highest priority score from the algorithm, 2, was more helical when aggregated and slightly more helical as a monomer, whereas the peptide with the low priority score, 3, was somewhat less helical when aggregated and much less helical when monomeric. These results support the design of the algorithm, although conclusions based on aggregation data are complicated by the importance of interhelix contacts in the bundle. Further studies are underway to examine the reliability of the algorithm's predictions regarding the design of other helical peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Chmielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Chromosome number determinations were made from 227 populations of 43 taxa of Euthamia and Solidago. Nearly all were confirmations of previous reports. The majority of the populations sampled were from Ontario. First report: Solidago hispida Muhl. var. tonsa Fern., 2n = 18.
Collapse
|
31
|
Chmielewski J, Jeremin B. [Blood clotting and fibrinolysis in different forms of malaria]. Wiad Lek 1979; 32:753-8. [PMID: 462969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
32
|
Jaremin B, Chmielewski J, Dolmierski R. [Expert evaluation of the sequelae of amebiasis and malaria]. Pol Tyg Lek 1979; 34:399-401. [PMID: 440999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
33
|
Kotłowski A, Chmielewski J, Jaremin B. [Laboratory diagnosis in malaria]. Pol Tyg Lek 1978; 33:1767-9. [PMID: 714785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
34
|
Jaremin B, Chmielewski J, Kotłowski A. [Modern treatment of malaria]. Pol Tyg Lek 1978; 33:1585-7. [PMID: 704466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
35
|
Jaremin B, Chmielewski J, Kotłowski A. [Individual prevention of malaria by means of drug therapy]. Wiad Lek 1978; 31:753-9. [PMID: 358609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
36
|
Tomaszewski R, Gandurski P, Chmielewski J. [Nodal rhythm in xylene intoxication]. Wiad Lek 1978; 31:193-4. [PMID: 636424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
37
|
Renke W, Chmielewski J, Hać E, Szczekocki W, Gandurski P, Kowalewski W. State of health of workers exposed to sulfur dusts. Mater Med Pol 1978; 10:63-7. [PMID: 642595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
38
|
Kopczyński S, Kurzaj E, Drewniak K, Chmielewski J. [Supraventricular subarachnoid cysts]. Neurol Neurochir Pol 1978; 12:73-5. [PMID: 634434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Five patients with supraventricular subarachnoid cysts are described. In most patients epilepsy was the presenting sign. Cerebral angiography showed in all cases only an avascular lesion and and the correct diagnosis was established only during the operation. In only one case recurrent filling of the cyst was observed.
Collapse
|
39
|
Chmielewski J, Dolmierski R, Renke W, Kwiatkowski SR. [Long-term effects of styrene on workers at the working place]. Z Gesamte Hyg 1977; 23:639-43. [PMID: 930151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
40
|
Winnicka A, Chmielewski J, Mardkowicz T. [Blood xylene and activity of various enzymes following exposure in industrial plants]. Pol Tyg Lek 1977; 32:1149-51. [PMID: 896565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
41
|
Kopczyński S, Chmielewski J. [Sequelae of penetrating brain wounds]. Pol Przegl Chir 1977; 49:587-92. [PMID: 882455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
42
|
Szczekocki W, Chmielewski J. [Effect of aluminum on some metabolism indices in man]. Pol Tyg Lek 1977; 32:711-3. [PMID: 866257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
43
|
Szczekocki W, Chmielewski J. [Assessment of the routes of absorption and excretion of aluminum in subjects exposed to aluminum oxide]. Pol Tyg Lek 1977; 32:683-5. [PMID: 866251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
44
|
Chmielewski J, Renke W. [Effect of phosphorites and apatites on the human body in occupational exposure]. Pol Tyg Lek 1976; 31:2155-6. [PMID: 1005201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
45
|
Nyka WM, Chmielewski J, Petlak O. [Case of Hakim's syndrome]. Neurol Neurochir Pol 1976; 10:683-5. [PMID: 980209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The authors report a case of Hakim's syndrome developing in a 53-year-old man. Manifestations of parkinsonian syndrome prevailed. After implantation of a Pudenz-type valve significant improvement was obtained which confirms the clinical diagnosis.
Collapse
|
46
|
Chmielewski J, Jaremin B, Zwierz C. Diagnostic and therapeutic management of cases of intestinal and parenteral amebiasis. Mater Med Pol 1975; 7:144-8. [PMID: 1142825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
47
|
Chmielewski J, Szczekocki W, Tomaszewski R. [Toxicity of cadmium]. Pol Tyg Lek 1975; 30:269-70. [PMID: 163474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
48
|
Chmielewski J, Jurczyk T. [Zinc--an indispensable element in the metabolic processes of living organisms. The present-day state of studies]. Wiad Lek 1974; 27:1295-7. [PMID: 4607691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
49
|
Chmielewski J, Jaremin B, Gandurski P. [Intravascular clotting syndrome in malaria treated with heparin]. Pol Tyg Lek 1974; 29:667-8. [PMID: 4827236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
50
|
Graczyk M, Renke W, Chmielewski J. [Assessment of the respiratory system in workers loading natural phosphate ore]. Pol Tyg Lek 1974; 29:635-6. [PMID: 4828048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|