1
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Jackson JT, Nutt SL, McCormack MP. The Haematopoietically-expressed homeobox transcription factor: roles in development, physiology and disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197490. [PMID: 37398663 PMCID: PMC10313424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Haematopoietically expressed homeobox transcription factor (Hhex) is a transcriptional repressor that is of fundamental importance across species, as evident by its evolutionary conservation spanning fish, amphibians, birds, mice and humans. Indeed, Hhex maintains its vital functions throughout the lifespan of the organism, beginning in the oocyte, through fundamental stages of embryogenesis in the foregut endoderm. The endodermal development driven by Hhex gives rise to endocrine organs such as the pancreas in a process which is likely linked to its role as a risk factor in diabetes and pancreatic disorders. Hhex is also required for the normal development of the bile duct and liver, the latter also importantly being the initial site of haematopoiesis. These haematopoietic origins are governed by Hhex, leading to its crucial later roles in definitive haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal, lymphopoiesis and haematological malignancy. Hhex is also necessary for the developing forebrain and thyroid gland, with this reliance on Hhex evident in its role in endocrine disorders later in life including a potential role in Alzheimer's disease. Thus, the roles of Hhex in embryological development throughout evolution appear to be linked to its later roles in a variety of disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T. Jackson
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen L. Nutt
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew P. McCormack
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- iCamuno Biotherapeutics, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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2
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Mulazzani E, Kong K, Aróstegui JI, Ng AP, Ranathunga N, Abeysekera W, Garnham AL, Ng SL, Baker PJ, Jackson JT, Lich JD, Hibbs ML, Wicks IP, Louis C, Masters SL. G-CSF drives autoinflammation in APLAID. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:814-826. [PMID: 36997670 PMCID: PMC10154231 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMissense mutations in PLCG2 can cause autoinflammation with phospholipase C gamma 2-associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation (APLAID). Here, we generated a mouse model carrying an APLAID mutation (p.Ser707Tyr) and found that inflammatory infiltrates in the skin and lungs were only partially ameliorated by removing inflammasome function via the deletion of caspase-1. Also, deleting interleukin-6 or tumor necrosis factor did not fully prevent APLAID mutant mice from autoinflammation. Overall, these findings are in accordance with the poor response individuals with APLAID have to treatments that block interleukin-1, JAK1/2 or tumor necrosis factor. Cytokine analysis revealed increased granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels as the most distinct feature in mice and individuals with APLAID. Remarkably, treatment with a G-CSF antibody completely reversed established disease in APLAID mice. Furthermore, excessive myelopoiesis was normalized and lymphocyte numbers rebounded. APLAID mice were also fully rescued by bone marrow transplantation from healthy donors, associated with reduced G-CSF production, predominantly from non-hematopoietic cells. In summary, we identify APLAID as a G-CSF-driven autoinflammatory disease, for which targeted therapy is feasible.
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3
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Davidson S, Yu CH, Steiner A, Ebstein F, Baker PJ, Jarur-Chamy V, Hrovat Schaale K, Laohamonthonkul P, Kong K, Calleja DJ, Harapas CR, Balka KR, Mitchell J, Jackson JT, Geoghegan ND, Moghaddas F, Rogers KL, Mayer-Barber KD, De Jesus AA, De Nardo D, Kile BT, Sadler AJ, Poli MC, Krüger E, Goldbach Mansky R, Masters SL. Protein kinase R is an innate immune sensor of proteotoxic stress via accumulation of cytoplasmic IL-24. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabi6763. [PMID: 35148201 PMCID: PMC11036408 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi6763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome dysfunction can lead to autoinflammatory disease associated with elevated type I interferon (IFN-αβ) and NF-κB signaling; however, the innate immune pathway driving this is currently unknown. Here, we identified protein kinase R (PKR) as an innate immune sensor for proteotoxic stress. PKR activation was observed in cellular models of decreased proteasome function and in multiple cell types from patients with proteasome-associated autoinflammatory disease (PRAAS). Furthermore, genetic deletion or small-molecule inhibition of PKR in vitro ameliorated inflammation driven by proteasome deficiency. In vivo, proteasome inhibitor-induced inflammatory gene transcription was blunted in PKR-deficient mice compared with littermate controls. PKR also acted as a rheostat for proteotoxic stress by triggering phosphorylation of eIF2α, which can prevent the translation of new proteins to restore homeostasis. Although traditionally known as a sensor of RNA, under conditions of proteasome dysfunction, PKR sensed the cytoplasmic accumulation of a known interactor, interleukin-24 (IL-24). When misfolded IL-24 egress into the cytosol was blocked by inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway, PKR activation and subsequent inflammatory signaling were blunted. Cytokines such as IL-24 are normally secreted from cells; therefore, cytoplasmic accumulation of IL-24 represents an internal danger-associated molecular pattern. Thus, we have identified a mechanism by which proteotoxic stress is detected, causing inflammation observed in the disease PRAAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Davidson
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Chien-Hsiung Yu
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Annemarie Steiner
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Institute of Structural Biology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Frédéric Ebstein
- University Medicine Greifswald, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greifswald 17475, Germany
| | - Paul J. Baker
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Valentina Jarur-Chamy
- Immunogenetics and Translational Immunology Program. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katja Hrovat Schaale
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Pawat Laohamonthonkul
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Klara Kong
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Dale J. Calleja
- Ubiquitin Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Cassandra R. Harapas
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Katherine R. Balka
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacob Mitchell
- Translational Autoinflammatory Disease Studies (TADS), Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jacob T. Jackson
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Niall D. Geoghegan
- Centre for Dynamic Imaging, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Fiona Moghaddas
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kelly L. Rogers
- Centre for Dynamic Imaging, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Katrin D. Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adriana A. De Jesus
- Translational Autoinflammatory Disease Studies (TADS), Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dominic De Nardo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin T. Kile
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Anthony J. Sadler
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - M. Cecilia Poli
- Immunogenetics and Translational Immunology Program. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elke Krüger
- University Medicine Greifswald, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greifswald 17475, Germany
| | - Raphaela Goldbach Mansky
- Translational Autoinflammatory Disease Studies (TADS), Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seth L. Masters
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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4
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Jackson JT, Mulazzani E, Nutt SL, Masters SL. The role of PLCγ2 in immunological disorders, cancer, and neurodegeneration. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100905. [PMID: 34157287 PMCID: PMC8318911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) is a critical signaling molecule activated downstream from a variety of cell surface receptors that contain an intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif. These receptors recruit kinases such as Syk, BTK, and BLNK to phosphorylate and activate PLCγ2, which then generates 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These well-known second messengers are required for diverse membrane functionality including cellular proliferation, endocytosis, and calcium flux. As a result, PLCγ2 dysfunction is associated with a variety of diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, and immune disorders. The diverse pathologies associated with PLCγ2 are exemplified by distinct genetic variants. Inherited mutations at this locus cause PLCγ2-associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation, in some cases with autoinflammation. Acquired mutations at this locus, which often arise as a result of BTK inhibition to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia, result in constitutive downstream signaling and lymphocyte proliferation. Finally, a third group of PLCγ2 variants actually has a protective effect in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, presumably by increased uptake and degradation of deleterious neurological aggregates. Therefore, manipulating PLCγ2 activity either up or down could have therapeutic benefit; however, we require a better understanding of the signaling pathways propagated by these variants before such clinical utility can be realized. Here, we review the signaling roles of PLCγ2 in hematopoietic cells to help understand the effect of mutations driving immune disorders and cancer and extrapolate from this to roles which may relate to protection against neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Jackson
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Mulazzani
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Seth L Masters
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Immunology Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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5
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Fedele PL, Liao Y, Gong JN, Yao Y, van Delft MF, Low MSY, Tai L, Herold MJ, Jackson JT, Teh CE, Tan T, O'Reilly LA, Tellier J, Grigoriadis G, Huang DCS, Shi W, Nutt SL, Willis SN. The transcription factor IRF4 represses proapoptotic BMF and BIM to licence multiple myeloma survival. Leukemia 2020; 35:2114-2118. [PMID: 33149265 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale L Fedele
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Haematology Department, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Yang Liao
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Jia-Nan Gong
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Yuan Yao
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mark F van Delft
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Michael S Y Low
- Haematology Department, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lin Tai
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jacob T Jackson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Charis E Teh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Tania Tan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Lorraine A O'Reilly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Julie Tellier
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - George Grigoriadis
- Haematology Department, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - David C S Huang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Wei Shi
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Simon N Willis
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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6
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Goh W, Scheer S, Jackson JT, Hediyeh-Zadeh S, Delconte RB, Schuster IS, Andoniou CE, Rautela J, Degli-Esposti MA, Davis MJ, McCormack MP, Nutt SL, Huntington ND. Hhex Directly Represses BIM-Dependent Apoptosis to Promote NK Cell Development and Maintenance. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108285. [PMID: 33086067 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hhex encodes a homeobox transcriptional regulator important for embryonic development and hematopoiesis. Hhex is highly expressed in NK cells, and its germline deletion results in significant defects in lymphoid development, including NK cells. To determine if Hhex is intrinsically required throughout NK cell development or for NK cell function, we generate mice that specifically lack Hhex in NK cells. NK cell frequency is dramatically reduced, while NK cell differentiation, IL-15 responsiveness, and function at the cellular level remain largely normal in the absence of Hhex. Increased IL-15 availability fails to fully reverse NK lymphopenia following conditional Hhex deletion, suggesting that Hhex regulates developmental pathways extrinsic to those dependent on IL-15. Gene expression and functional genetic approaches reveal that Hhex regulates NK cell survival by directly binding Bcl2l11 (Bim) and repressing expression of this key apoptotic mediator. These data implicate Hhex as a transcriptional regulator of NK cell homeostasis and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilford Goh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Sebastian Scheer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Jacob T Jackson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Soroor Hediyeh-Zadeh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Rebecca B Delconte
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Iona S Schuster
- Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher E Andoniou
- Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Jai Rautela
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia; oNKo-Innate Pty Ltd., 27 Norwood Cres, Moonee Ponds, Victoria, 3039, Australia
| | - Mariapia A Degli-Esposti
- Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Melissa J Davis
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew P McCormack
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia; oNKo-Innate Pty Ltd., 27 Norwood Cres, Moonee Ponds, Victoria, 3039, Australia.
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7
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Jackson JT, O'Donnell K, Light A, Goh W, Huntington ND, Tarlinton DM, McCormack MP. Hhex regulates murine lymphoid progenitor survival independently of Stat5 and Cdkn2a. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:959-971. [PMID: 32090320 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Hhex (hematopoietically expressed homeobox gene) is critical for development of multiple lymphoid lineages beyond the common lymphoid progenitor. In addition, Hhex regulates hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal, emergency hematopoiesis, and acute myeloid leukemia initiation and maintenance. Hhex mediates its effects on HSCs and acute myeloid leukemia stem cells via repression of the Cdkn2a tumor suppressor locus. However, we report here that loss of Cdkn2a does not rescue the failure of lymphoid development caused by loss of Hhex. As loss of Hhex causes apoptosis of lymphoid progenitors associated with impaired Bcl2 expression and defective Stat5b signaling, we tested the effects of rescuing these pathways using transgenic mice. Expression of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl2, but not activated Stat5, rescued the development of T-, B-, and NK-cell lineages in the absence of Hhex. These results indicate that Bcl2 expression, but not Stat5b signaling or loss of Cdkn2a, can overcome the lymphoid deficiencies caused by the absence of Hhex, suggesting that the primary role of this transcription factor is to promote survival of lymphoid progenitors during early lymphoid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Jackson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristy O'Donnell
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda Light
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wilford Goh
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - David M Tarlinton
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew P McCormack
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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8
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Jackson JT, Shields BJ, Shi W, Di Rago L, Metcalf D, Nicola NA, McCormack MP. Hhex Regulates Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Stress Hematopoiesis via Repression of Cdkn2a. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1948-1957. [PMID: 28577303 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The hematopoietically expressed homeobox transcription factor (Hhex) is important for the maturation of definitive hematopoietic progenitors and B-cells during development. We have recently shown that in adult hematopoiesis, Hhex is dispensable for maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and myeloid lineages but essential for the commitment of common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) to lymphoid lineages. Here, we show that during serial bone marrow transplantation, Hhex-deleted HSCs are progressively lost, revealing an intrinsic defect in HSC self-renewal. Moreover, Hhex-deleted mice show markedly impaired hematopoietic recovery following myeloablation, due to a failure of progenitor expansion. In vitro, Hhex-null blast colonies were incapable of replating, implying a specific requirement for Hhex in immature progenitors. Transcriptome analysis of Hhex-null Lin- Sca+ Kit+ cells showed that Hhex deletion leads to derepression of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and PRC1 target genes, including the Cdkn2a locus encoding the tumor suppressors p16Ink 4a and p19Arf . Indeed, loss of Cdkn2a restored the capacity of Hhex-null blast colonies to generate myeloid progenitors in vitro, as well as hematopoietic reconstitution following myeloablation in vivo. Thus, HSCs require Hhex to promote PRC2-mediated Cdkn2a repression to enable continued self-renewal and response to hematopoietic stress. Stem Cells 2017;35:1948-1957.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Jackson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Shields
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Departments of Medical Biology
| | - Wei Shi
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ladina Di Rago
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Donald Metcalf
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Departments of Medical Biology
| | - Nicos A Nicola
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Departments of Medical Biology
| | - Matthew P McCormack
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Departments of Medical Biology
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9
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Shields BJ, Jackson JT, Metcalf D, Shi W, Huang Q, Garnham AL, Glaser SP, Beck D, Pimanda JE, Bogue CW, Smyth GK, Alexander WS, McCormack MP. Acute myeloid leukemia requires Hhex to enable PRC2-mediated epigenetic repression of Cdkn2a. Genes Dev 2016; 30:78-91. [PMID: 26728554 PMCID: PMC4701980 DOI: 10.1101/gad.268425.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Here, Shields et al. demonstrate that the hematopoietically expressed homeobox gene Hhex is overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is essential for the initiation and propagation of MLL-ENL-induced AML but dispensable for normal myelopoiesis, indicating a specific requirement for Hhex for leukemic growth. The findings in this study describe for the first time a nonclustered homeobox transcription factor that is essential for AML initiation and maintenance and provide mechanistic insight into these processes. Unlike clustered HOX genes, the role of nonclustered homeobox gene family members in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis has not been extensively studied. Here we found that the hematopoietically expressed homeobox gene Hhex is overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is essential for the initiation and propagation of MLL-ENL-induced AML but dispensable for normal myelopoiesis, indicating a specific requirement for Hhex for leukemic growth. Loss of Hhex leads to expression of the Cdkn2a-encoded tumor suppressors p16INK4a and p19ARF, which are required for growth arrest and myeloid differentiation following Hhex deletion. Mechanistically, we show that Hhex binds to the Cdkn2a locus and directly interacts with the Polycomb-repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to enable H3K27me3-mediated epigenetic repression. Thus, Hhex is a potential therapeutic target that is specifically required for AML stem cells to repress tumor suppressor pathways and enable continued self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Shields
- Cancer and Haematology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Jacob T Jackson
- Cancer and Haematology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Donald Metcalf
- Cancer and Haematology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Wei Shi
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Qiutong Huang
- Cancer and Haematology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Alexandra L Garnham
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Stefan P Glaser
- Cancer and Haematology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Dominik Beck
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre and the Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - John E Pimanda
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre and the Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Clifford W Bogue
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Warren S Alexander
- Cancer and Haematology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Matthew P McCormack
- Cancer and Haematology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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10
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Kozer N, Henderson C, Jackson JT, Nice EC, Burgess AW, Clayton AHA. Evidence for extended YFP-EGFR dimers in the absence of ligand on the surface of living cells. Phys Biol 2011; 8:066002. [PMID: 21946082 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/8/6/066002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the erbB tyrosine kinase family of receptors. Structural studies have revealed two distinct conformations of the ectodomain of the EGFR: a compact, tethered, conformation and an untethered extended conformation. In the context of a monomer-dimer transition model, ligand binding is thought to untether the monomeric receptor leading to exposure of a dimerization arm which then facilitates receptor dimerization, kinase activation and signaling. For receptors directed orthogonal to the local plane of the membrane surface, this would lead to a large change in the distance of the receptor N-terminus from the membrane surface. To investigate this experimentally, we produced stable BaF/3 cell lines expressing a biochemically functional yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-EGFR chimera and determined the vertical separation of the N-terminal YFP tag from the membrane using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) techniques. Homo-FRET/rFLIM was employed to determine the presence of unliganded dimers and to measure the average distance between the N-terminal tags in those dimers. The results suggest that EGF-induced activation occurs within or between pre-formed and extended dimers with very little change in the extension of the N-terminii from the membrane surface. These results provide constraints on possible models for EGFR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noga Kozer
- Centre for Microphotonics, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Bean PT, Jackson JT, McHenry DJ, Bonner TH, Forstner MRJ. Rediscovery of the Headwater Catfish Ictalurus lupus (Ictaluridae) in a Western Gulf-Slope Drainage. SOUTHWEST NAT 2011. [DOI: 10.1894/n10-rje-08.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Jackson JT, Hu Y, Liu R, Masson F, D'Amico A, Carotta S, Xin A, Camilleri MJ, Mount AM, Kallies A, Wu L, Smyth GK, Nutt SL, Belz GT. Id2 expression delineates differential checkpoints in the genetic program of CD8α+ and CD103+ dendritic cell lineages. EMBO J 2011; 30:2690-704. [PMID: 21587207 PMCID: PMC3155298 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) have critical roles in the induction of the adaptive immune response. The transcription factors Id2, Batf3 and Irf-8 are required for many aspects of murine DC differentiation including development of CD8α(+) and CD103(+) DCs. How they regulate DC subset specification is not completely understood. Using an Id2-GFP reporter system, we show that Id2 is broadly expressed in all cDC subsets with the highest expression in CD103(+) and CD8α(+) lineages. Notably, CD103(+) DCs were the only DC able to constitutively cross-present cell-associated antigens in vitro. Irf-8 deficiency affected loss of development of virtually all conventional DCs (cDCs) while Batf3 deficiency resulted in the development of Sirp-α(-) DCs that had impaired survival. Exposure to GM-CSF during differentiation induced expression of CD103 in Id2-GFP(+) DCs. It did not restore cross-presenting capacity to Batf3(-/-) or CD103(-)Sirp-α(-)DCs in vitro. Thus, Irf-8 and Batf3 regulate distinct stages in DC differentiation during the development of cDCs. Genetic mapping DC subset differentiation using Id2-GFP may have broad implications in understanding the interplay of DC subsets during protective and pathological immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Jackson
- Molecular Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Pegram HJ, Jackson JT, Smyth MJ, Kershaw MH, Darcy PK. Adoptive transfer of gene-modified primary NK cells can specifically inhibit tumor progression in vivo. J Immunol 2008; 181:3449-55. [PMID: 18714017 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.5.3449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NK cells hold great potential for improving the immunotherapy of cancer. Nevertheless, tumor cells can effectively escape NK cell-mediated apoptosis through interaction of MHC molecules with NK cell inhibitory receptors. Thus, to harness NK cell effector function against tumors, we used Amaxa gene transfer technology to gene-modify primary mouse NK cells with a chimeric single-chain variable fragment (scFv) receptor specific for the human erbB2 tumor-associated Ag. The chimeric receptor was composed of the extracellular scFv anti-erbB2 Ab linked to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic CD28 and TCR-zeta signaling domains (scFv-CD28-zeta). In this study we demonstrated that mouse NK cells gene-modified with this chimera could specifically mediate enhanced killing of an erbB2(+) MHC class I(+) lymphoma in a perforin-dependent manner. Expression of the chimera did not interfere with NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity mediated by endogenous NK receptors. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of gene-modified NK cells significantly enhanced the survival of RAG mice bearing established i.p. RMA-erbB2(+) lymphoma. In summary, these data suggest that use of genetically modified NK cells could broaden the scope of cancer immunotherapy for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollie J Pegram
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Jackson JT, Starkey DE, Guthrie RW, Forstner MRJ. A Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeny of Extant Species of the GenusTrachemyswith Resulting Taxonomic Implications. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2008. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-0692.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Teng MWL, Kershaw MH, Jackson JT, Smyth MJ, Darcy PK. Adoptive transfer of chimeric FcepsilonRI gene-modified human T cells for cancer immunotherapy. Hum Gene Ther 2007; 17:1134-43. [PMID: 17052145 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic approaches involving genetic modification of T cells show promise in generating highly specific tumor-reactive effector cells for cancer treatment. Given the high affinity of FcRI (the subtype I Fc receptor for IgE) for IgE monoclonal antibody (mAb), modification of T cells with chimeric FcRI in combination with tumor-specific IgE mAbs is potentially a powerful and effective strategy to specifically target T cells to tumor cells. In this study, we retrovirally transduce human primary T cells with a cDNA encoding the extracellular domain of FcRI linked to the hinge and transmembrane domains of FcRI and the cytoplasmic domains of CD28 and T cell receptor zeta chain (FcRI-CD28-zeta). We demonstrate that human T cells expressing FcRI-CD28-zeta, in the presence of tumor-specific IgE mAb recognizing mouse CD8 antigen (Ly- 2.1+), can specifically secrete cytokine, proliferate, and mediate cytotoxic function after antigen ligation. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of FcRI-CD28-zeta cells incubated with anti-Ly-2.1 IgE mAb significantly enhances the survival of irradiated nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency mice bearing Ly-2.1+ tumor compared with control mice. Thus, this set of experiments demonstrates that Fc gene-engineered human T cells mediate effector function in vitro and in vivo in an IgE-dependent manner and thus a novel and valid approach for cancer therapy can now be further developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele W L Teng
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia
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16
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Teng MW, Kershaw MH, Jackson JT, Smyth MJ, Darcy PK. Adoptive Transfer of Chimeric Fc ?RI Gene-Modified Human T Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy. Hum Gene Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.ft-254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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17
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Moeller M, Haynes NM, Kershaw MH, Jackson JT, Teng MWL, Street SE, Cerutti L, Jane SM, Trapani JA, Smyth MJ, Darcy PK. Adoptive transfer of gene-engineered CD4+ helper T cells induces potent primary and secondary tumor rejection. Blood 2005; 106:2995-3003. [PMID: 16030195 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-12-4906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Because CD4+ T cells play a key role in aiding cellular immune responses, we wanted to assess whether increasing numbers of gene-engineered antigen-restricted CD4+ T cells could enhance an antitumor response mediated by similarly gene-engineered CD8+ T cells. In this study, we have used retroviral transduction to generate erbB2-reactive mouse T-cell populations composed of various proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ cells and then determined the antitumor reactivity of these mixtures. Gene-modified CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were shown to specifically secrete Tc1 (T cytotoxic-1) or Tc2 cytokines, proliferate, and lyse erbB2+ tumor targets following antigen ligation in vitro. In adoptive transfer experiments using severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice, we demonstrated that injection of equivalent numbers of antigen-specific engineered CD8+ and CD4+ T cells led to significant improvement in survival of mice bearing established lung metastases compared with transfer of unfractionated (largely CD8+) engineered T cells. Transferred CD4+ T cells had to be antigen-specific (not just activated) and secrete interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) to potentiate the antitumor effect. Importantly, antitumor responses in these mice correlated with localization and persistence of gene-engineered T cells at the tumor site. Strikingly, mice that survived primary tumor challenge could reject a subsequent rechallenge. Overall, this study has highlighted the therapeutic potential of using combined transfer of antigen-specific gene-modified CD8+ and CD4+ T cells to significantly enhance T-cell adoptive transfer strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moeller
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett St, East Melbourne, 8006, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Tainton KM, Smyth MJ, Jackson JT, Tanner JE, Cerruti L, Jane SM, Darcy PK, Johnstone RW. Mutational analysis of P-glycoprotein: suppression of caspase activation in the absence of ATP-dependent drug efflux. Cell Death Differ 2005; 11:1028-37. [PMID: 15131592 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) can induce multidrug resistance (MDR) through the ATP-dependent efflux of chemotherapeutic agents. We have previously shown that P-gp can inhibit nondrug apoptotic stimuli by suppressing the activation of caspases. To determine if this additional activity is functionally linked to ATP hydrolysis, we expressed wild-type and ATPase-mutant P-gp and showed that cells expressing mutant P-gp could not efflux chemotherapeutic drugs but remained relatively resistant to apoptosis. CEM lymphoma cells expressing mutant P-gp treated with vincristine showed a decrease in the fraction of cells with apoptotic morphology, cytochrome c release from the mitochondria and suppression of caspase activation, yet still accumulated in mitosis and showed a loss of clonogenic potential. The loss of clonogenicity in vincristine-treated cells expressing mutant P-gp was associated with accumulation of cells in mitosis and the presence of multinucleated cells consistent with mitotic catastrophe. The antiapoptotic effect of mutant P-gp was not affected by antibodies that inhibit the efflux function of the protein. These data are consistent with a dual activity model for P-gp-induced MDR involving both ATPase-dependent drug efflux and ATPase-independent inhibition of apoptosis. The structure-function analyses described herein provide novel insight into the mechanisms of action of P-gp in mediating MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Tainton
- Cancer Immunology Program, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Trescowthick Research Laboratories, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Cresswell KS, Clarke CJP, Jackson JT, Darcy PK, Trapani JA, Johnstone RW. Biochemical and growth regulatory activities of the HIN-200 family member and putative tumor suppressor protein, AIM2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 326:417-24. [PMID: 15582594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2004] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The human HIN-200 family member AIM2 was originally identified in a screen for suppressors of melanoma tumorigenicity following introduction of chromosome 6 into the UACC903 human melanoma cell line. Although the AIM2 protein contained many of the conserved structural motifs common to other HIN-200 proteins, the biochemical characteristics of AIM2 and the ability of overexpressed AIM2 to phenocopy the effect of introduction of chromosome 6 in the UACC903 cells had not been assessed. Herein we demonstrated that AIM2 was localised within the nucleus of transfected or interferon-treated human cells. In addition, AIM2 could homodimerise via the amino-terminal (PAAD/DAPIN) region and heterodimerise with the related IFI 16 protein. However, overexpressed AIM2 did not significantly affect the growth or survival of UACC903 cells or another human melanoma cell line. These data indicate that AIM2 has many of the biochemical and structural characteristics of HIN-200 proteins, however, its expression is not sufficient to induce a tumor-suppressor-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S Cresswell
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, 3002 Vic., Australia
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20
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Moeller M, Haynes NM, Trapani JA, Teng MWL, Jackson JT, Tanner JE, Cerutti L, Jane SM, Kershaw MH, Smyth MJ, Darcy PK. A functional role for CD28 costimulation in tumor recognition by single-chain receptor-modified T cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2004; 11:371-9. [PMID: 15060573 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
T cells engineered to express single-chain antibody receptors that incorporate TCR-zeta and cluster designation (CD)28 signaling domains (scFv-alpha-erbB2-CD28-zeta) can be redirected in vivo to cancer cells that lack triggering costimulatory molecules. To assess the contribution of CD28 signaling to the function of the scFv-CD28-zeta receptor, we expressed a series of mutated scFv-CD28-zeta receptors directed against erbB2. Residues known to be critical for CD28 signaling were mutated from tyrosine to phenylalanine at position 170 or proline to alanine at positions 187 and 190. Primary mouse T cells expressing either of the mutant receptors demonstrated impaired cytokine (IFN-gamma and GM-CSF) production and decreased proliferation after antigen ligation in vitro and decreased antitumor efficacy in vivo compared with T cells expressing the wild-type scFv-CD28-zeta receptor, suggesting a key signaling role for the CD28 component of the scFv-CD28-zeta receptor. Importantly, cell surface expression, binding capacity and cytolytic activity mediated by the scFv-CD28-zeta receptor were not diminished by either mutation. Overall, this study has definitively demonstrated a functional role for the CD28 component of the scFv-CD28-zeta receptor and has shown that incorporation of costimulatory activity in chimeric scFv receptors is a powerful approach for improving adoptive cancer immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution/genetics
- Amino Acid Substitution/immunology
- Animals
- CD28 Antigens/genetics
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/immunology
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Retroviridae
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Transduction, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moeller
- Cancer Immunology Program, Sir Donald and Lady Trescowthick Laboratories, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Voskoboinik I, Thia MC, De Bono A, Browne K, Cretney E, Jackson JT, Darcy PK, Jane SM, Smyth MJ, Trapani JA. The functional basis for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a patient with co-inherited missense mutations in the perforin (PFN1) gene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 200:811-6. [PMID: 15365097 PMCID: PMC2211966 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20040776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
About 30% of cases of the autosomal recessive immunodeficiency disorder hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis are believed to be caused by inactivating mutations of the perforin gene. We expressed perforin in rat basophil leukemia cells to define the basis of perforin dysfunction associated with two mutations, R225W and G429E, inherited by a compound heterozygote patient. Whereas RBL cells expressing wild-type perforin (67 kD) efficiently killed Jurkat target cells to which they were conjugated, the substitution to tryptophan at position 225 resulted in expression of a truncated ( approximately 45 kD) form of the protein, complete loss of cytotoxicity, and failure to traffic to rat basophil leukemia secretory granules. By contrast, G429E perforin was correctly processed, stored, and released, but the rat basophil leukemia cells possessed reduced cytotoxicity. The defective function of G429E perforin mapped downstream of exocytosis and was due to its reduced ability to bind lipid membranes in a calcium-dependent manner. This study elucidates the cellular basis for perforin dysfunctions in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and provides the means for studying structure-function relationships for lymphocyte perforin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Voskoboinik
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett St., 8006, Australia
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22
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Kershaw MH, Jackson JT, Haynes NM, Teng MWL, Moeller M, Hayakawa Y, Street SE, Cameron R, Tanner JE, Trapani JA, Smyth MJ, Darcy PK. Gene-Engineered T Cells as a Superior Adjuvant Therapy for Metastatic Cancer. J Immunol 2004; 173:2143-50. [PMID: 15265951 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.3.2143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The major limiting factor in the successful application of adjuvant therapy for metastatic disease is the lack of adjuvant specificity that leads to severe side effects. Reasoning that T cells of the immune system are highly specific, we generated tumor-specific T cells by genetic modification of mouse primary T cells with a chimeric receptor reactive with the human breast cancer-associated Ag erbB-2. These T cells killed breast cancer cells and secreted IFN-gamma in an Ag-specific manner in vitro. We investigated their use against metastatic breast cancer in mice in an adjuvant setting, and compared their effectiveness with the commonly applied adjuvants doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, and herceptin. Mice were inoculated orthotopically with the human erbB-2-expressing spontaneously metastatic mouse breast cancer 4T1.2 in mammary tissue, and the primary tumor was surgically removed 8 days later. Significant metastatic disease was demonstrated in lung and liver at the time of surgery on day 8 with increased tumor burden at later time points. T cell adjuvant treatment of day 8 metastatic disease resulted in dramatic increases in survival of mice, and this survival was significantly greater than that afforded by either doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, or herceptin.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma/drug therapy
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Carcinoma/secondary
- Carcinoma/surgery
- Carcinoma/therapy
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Doxorubicin/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Fluorouracil/therapeutic use
- Genetic Engineering
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/secondary
- Liver Neoplasms/therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/surgery
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity/genetics
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/transplantation
- Trastuzumab
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Kershaw
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Haynes NM, Trapani JA, Teng MWL, Jackson JT, Cerruti L, Jane SM, Kershaw MH, Smyth MJ, Darcy PK. Rejection of syngeneic colon carcinoma by CTLs expressing single-chain antibody receptors codelivering CD28 costimulation. J Immunol 2002; 169:5780-6. [PMID: 12421958 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.10.5780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy to improve the therapeutic utility of redirected T cells for cancer involves the development of novel Ag-specific chimeric receptors capable of stimulating optimal and sustained T cell antitumor activity in vivo. Given that T cells require both primary and costimulatory signals for optimal activation and that many tumors do not express critical costimulatory ligands, modified single-chain Ab receptors have been engineered to codeliver CD28 costimulation. In this study, we have compared the antitumor potency of primary T lymphocytes expressing carcinoembryonic Ag (CEA)-reactive chimeric receptors that incorporate either TCR-zeta or CD28/TCR-zeta signaling. Although both receptor-transduced T cell effector populations demonstrated cytolysis of CEA(+) tumors in vitro, T cells expressing the single-chain variable fragment of Ig (scFv)-CD28-zeta chimera had a far greater capacity to control the growth of CEA(+) xenogeneic and syngeneic colon carcinomas in vivo. The observed enhanced antitumor activity of T cells expressing the scFv-CD28-zeta receptor was critically dependent on perforin and the production of IFN-gamma. Overall, this study has illustrated the ability of a chimeric scFv receptor capable of harnessing the signaling machinery of both TCR-zeta and CD28 to augment T cell immunity against tumors that have lost expression of both MHC/peptide and costimulatory ligands in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/prevention & control
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Animals
- Binding Sites, Antibody/genetics
- CD28 Antigens/administration & dosage
- CD28 Antigens/genetics
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/administration & dosage
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/biosynthesis
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/genetics
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Colonic Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Graft Rejection/genetics
- Graft Rejection/immunology
- Growth Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Growth Inhibitors/biosynthesis
- Growth Inhibitors/genetics
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/administration & dosage
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/immunology
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Interferon-gamma/deficiency
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/deficiency
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Perforin
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/transplantation
- Transplantation, Isogeneic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Haynes
- Cancer Immunology Program, Sir Donald and Lady Trescowthick Laboratories, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, St. Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Haynes NM, Trapani JA, Teng MWL, Jackson JT, Cerruti L, Jane SM, Kershaw MH, Smyth MJ, Darcy PK. Single-chain antigen recognition receptors that costimulate potent rejection of established experimental tumors. Blood 2002; 100:3155-63. [PMID: 12384413 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-04-1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells are usually weakly immunogenic as they largely express self-antigens and can down-regulate major histocompatability complex/peptide molecules and critical costimulatory ligands. The challenge for immunotherapies has been to provide vigorous immune effector cells that circumvent these tumor escape mechanisms and eradicate established tumors. One promising approach is to engineer T cells with single-chain antibody receptors, and since T cells require 2 distinct signals for optimal activation, we have compared the therapeutic efficacy of erbB2-reactive chimeric receptors that contain either T-cell receptor zeta (TCR-zeta) or CD28/TCR-zeta signaling domains. We have demonstrated that primary mouse CD8(+) T lymphocytes expressing the single-chain Fv (scFv)-CD28-zeta receptor have a greater capacity to secrete Tc1 cytokines, induce T-cell proliferation, and inhibit established tumor growth and metastases in vivo. The suppression of established tumor burden by cytotoxic T cells expressing the CD28/TCR-zeta chimera was critically dependent upon their interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion. Our study has illustrated the practical advantage of engineering a T-cell signaling complex that codelivers CD28 activation, dependent only upon the tumor's expression of the appropriate tumor associated antigen.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma/secondary
- Adenocarcinoma/therapy
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- CD28 Antigens/genetics
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- CD3 Complex
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- COS Cells
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Colorectal Neoplasms/immunology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/therapy
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/immunology
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Interferon-gamma/deficiency
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Jurkat Cells
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Membrane Glycoproteins/deficiency
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Perforin
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins
- Sarcoma, Experimental/immunology
- Sarcoma, Experimental/pathology
- Spleen/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/transplantation
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Haynes
- Cancer Immunology Program, Sir Donald and Lady Trescowthick Laboratories, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital Research Foundation, A'Beckett Street, Victoria, Australia 8006
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La Mar GN, Jackson JT, Dugad LB, Cusanovich MA, Bartsch RG. Proton NMR study of the comparative electronic/magnetic properties and dynamics of the acid in equilibrium with alkaline transition in a series of ferricytochromes c'. J Biol Chem 1990; 265:16173-80. [PMID: 2168882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The proton NMR spectra of ferricytochrome c' from Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Rhodospirillum molischianum, Rhodospirillum rubrum, and Chromatium vinosum have been investigated for the purpose of further elucidating the common spectral and/or structural properties for this subclass of cytochromes in the acidic and alkaline forms, and to characterize in detail the dynamics and structural basis for this acid in equilibrium with alkaline transition. The identification of strongly upfield-shifted meso-H peaks in all but C. vinosum ferricytochrome c' at weakly acidic to neutral pH is consistent with, but not proof for, S = 3/2 character for the spin state of C. vinosum, but argues for primarily S = 5/2 character for the other three proteins. Hence, we conclude that the quantum mechanically mixed S = 3/2, S = 5/2 spin ground state of neutral pH C. vinosum ferricytochrome c' is an anomaly rather than a characteristic of this class of proteins. The 1H NMR spectra of ferricytochromes c' at alkaline pH again exhibit strong similarities among all members except that for C. vinosum. Two pK values are observed for ferricytochrome c' for R. molischianum and C. vinosum, of which the higher value pK is accompanied by significant line broadening, as found earlier for the proteins from both R. rubrum and R. palustris. Detailed analysis of the exchange line broadening for all four proteins reveals that hydrolysis is the rate-limiting step, with base catalysis occurring at about the same rate in the diffusion control limit for all four proteins. The variable first order dissociation rates of the alkaline species reveal differential stabilities of that species in the order R. palustris greater than R. molischianum greater than R. rubrum much greater than C. vinosum. The rates of exchange of the axial His imidazole labile proton was determined by linewidth and saturation transfer analysis and shown to occur via base catalysis at the same diffusion control rate as found for the acid----alkaline transition for the oxidized protein, and support the proposal that the acid----alkaline transition involves simply the abstraction of a proton from the neutral His imidazole to yield an imidazolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N La Mar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis 95616
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La Mar GN, Jackson JT, Dugad LB, Cusanovich MA, Bartsch RG. Proton NMR study of the comparative electronic/magnetic properties and dynamics of the acid in equilibrium with alkaline transition in a series of ferricytochromes c'. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)46204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Rezai RF, Jackson JT, Salamat K. Torus palatinus, an exostosis of unknown etiology: review of the literature. Compend Contin Educ Dent (Lawrenceville) 1985; 6:149-52, 147. [PMID: 3855743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Jackson JT, La Mar GN, Bartsch RG. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the ligation states of the monomeric ferricytochrome c' from Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Modulation of axial histidine bonding via variable proton donation. J Biol Chem 1983; 258:1799-805. [PMID: 6296112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The monomeric ferricytochrome c' from Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain 37 has been examined by 1H NMR spectroscopy at 45 degrees C and 360 MHz and at 55 degrees C and 200 MHz in 2H2O. The pH-dependent characteristics of the spectra have been analyzed in terms of two pK values at approximately 6 and approximately 8, the latter of which appears to correspond to the previously observed transition between an acidic species and a neutral species for this class of proteins. Previously determined rate constants (J. T. Jackson, G. N. La Mar, R. G. Bartsch, and M. A. Cusanovich, manuscript in preparation) permit, for the first time, connection between the downfield hyperfine shifted resonances of the two forms by spectral simulation. Contrary to previous suggestions (Emptage, M. H., Xavier, A. V., Wood, J.M., Alsaadi, B. M., Moore, G. R., Pitt, R. C., Williams, R. J. P., Ambler, R. P., and Bartsch, R. G. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 58-64; La Mar, G. N., Jackson, J. T., and Bartsch, R., (1981) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103, 4405-4410), the data indicate that no additional ligand is involved in the transition but that the bonding between the iron and the axial histidyl ligand is severely altered. It is shown that this is consistent with extensive imidazolate character for the axial ligand in the neutral form.
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Jackson JT, La Mar GN, Bartsch RG. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the ligation states of the monomeric ferricytochrome c' from Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Modulation of axial histidine bonding via variable proton donation. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)33058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Rose CE, Van Benthuysen K, Jackson JT, Tucker CE, Kaiser DL, Grover RF, Weil JV. Right ventricular performance during increased afterload impaired by hypercapnic acidosis in conscious dogs. Circ Res 1983; 52:76-84. [PMID: 6129076 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.52.1.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Since heart failure may occur in the setting of lung dysfunction and CO2 retention with only modest increases in cardiac work load, we questioned whether myocardial function is impaired by hypercapnic acidosis. To determine the influence of hypercapnic acidosis on right ventricular function, we measured the effects of acute (2 hours) and chronic (2 weeks) hypercapnic acidosis on right ventricular performance during normal and increased right ventricular afterload in five conscious dogs. Systemic hemodynamic and right ventricular functions were unaltered during normal right ventricular afterload by acute hypercapnic acidosis (PaCO2 = 49 +/- 3 mm Hg, pH = 7.27 +/- 0.003). As right ventricular afterload was increased by progressive balloon occlusion of the right ventricular outflow tract during acute hypercapnic acidosis, the rise (slope) in right ventricular end-diastolic pressure was increased 4-fold (P less than 0.01) over that observed in normocapnic control. Maximum isovolumic right ventricular dP/dt rose (P less than 0.05) comparably with increasing right ventricular afterload during normocapnic control and acute hypercapnic acidosis. Chronic hypercapnic acidosis (PaCO2 = 55 +/- 2 mm Hg, pH = 7.28 +/- 0.01) resulted in systemic vasodilation and increased (P less than 0.05) heart rate and cardiac output during normal right ventricular afterload. As right ventricular afterload was increased during chronic hypercapnic acidosis, the rate of rise in right ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 2-fold (P less than 0.01) above normocapnic control but maximum isovolumic right ventricular dP/dt was unchanged in contrast to normocapnic control and acute hypercapnic acidosis. Moreover, cardiac output fell and stroke work was unchanged with increasing afterload during chronic hypercapnic acidosis. beta-Adrenergic blockade resulted in an increased (P less than 0.01) rate of rise in right ventricular end-diastolic pressure with afterload during normocapnic control and chronic hypercapnic acidosis. We conclude that hypercapnic acidosis results in diminished right ventricular performance during increased right ventricular afterload, evidenced by accentuated rise in right ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and may contribute to the congestive heart failure and edema observed in patients with pulmonary hypertension and CO2 retention.
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La Mar GN, Burns PD, Jackson JT, Smith KM, Langry KC, Strittmatter P. Proton magnetic resonance determination of the relative heme orientations in disordered native and reconstituted ferricytochrome b5. Assignment of heme resonances by deuterium labeling. J Biol Chem 1981; 256:6075-9. [PMID: 7240191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Kaehny WD, Jackson JT. Respiratory response to HCl acidosis in dogs after carotid body denervation. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1979; 46:1138-42. [PMID: 468638 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1979.46.6.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To test the participation of the carotid bodies in the respiratory response to metabolic acidosis, six dogs were infused with HCl for 2 h followed by HCl feeding to prolong the acidosis to 48 h. This protocol was repeated after carotid body denervation (CBD). Mean control PCO2 rose by 7.3 Torr after CBD. PCO2 fell comparably during acidosis before and after CBD at all time periods from 30 to 48 h and returned to control levels by 72 h. The pH ranged from 7.10 to 7.30 during acidosis pre- and post-CBD. The decreases in pH and bicarbonate concentration did not differ significantly at any time interval between the pre- and post-CBD studies. This study indicates that in dogs moderately severe HCl acidosis stimulates ventilation acutely and chronically through a central mechanism in the absence of the carotid bodies.
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Kovalchik MT, Kaehny WD, Hegg AP, Jackson JT, Alfrey AC. Aluminum kinetics during hemodialysis. J Lab Clin Med 1978; 92:712-20. [PMID: 712205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Anderson RJ, Pluss RG, Berns AS, Jackson JT, Arnold PE, Schrier RW, McDonald KE. Mechanism of effect of hypoxia on renal water excretion. J Clin Invest 1978; 62:769-77. [PMID: 701476 PMCID: PMC371828 DOI: 10.1172/jci109188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of lowering the pressure of oxygen from 80 to 34 mm Hg was examined in anesthetized dogs that were undergoing a water diuresis. This degree of hypoxia was associated with an antidiuresis as urine osmolality (Uosm) increased from 107 to 316 mosmol/kg H(2)O (P < 0.001) and plasma arginine vasopressin increased from 0.06 to 7.5 muU/ml, (P < 0.05). However, hypoxia was not associated with significant changes in cardiac output (CO, from 4.2 to 4.7 liters/ min), mean arterial pressure (MAP, from 143 to 149 mm Hg), glomerular filtration rate (GFR, from 46 to 42 ml/min), solute excretion rate (SV, from 302 to 297 mosmol/min), or filtration fraction (from 0.26 to 0.27, NS). Hypoxia was associated with an increase in renal vascular resistance (from 0.49 to 0.58 mm Hg/ml per min, P < 0.01). The magnitude of hypoxia-induced antidiuresis was the same in innervated kidneys and denervated kidneys. To further examine the role of vasopressin in this antidiuresis, hypoxia was induced in hypophysectomized animals. The effect of hypoxia on CO, MAP, GFR, SV, and renal blood flow in hypophysectomized animals was the same as in intact animals. In contrast to intact animals, however, hypoxia did not induce a significant antidiuresis in hypophysectomized animals (Uosm from 72 to 82 mosmol/kg H(2)O). To delineate the afferent pathway for hypoxia-stimulated vasopressin release, hypoxia was induced in dogs with either chemo- or baroreceptor denervation. The effect of hypoxia on CO, MAP, GFR, SV, and renal blood flow in the denervated animals was the same as in nondenervated animals. Hypoxia resulted in an antidiuresis in chemoreceptor (Uosm from 113 to 357 mosmol/kg H(2)O, P < 0.001) but not in baroreceptor (Uosm from 116 to 138 mosmol/kg H(2)O, NS) denervated animals. To determine if hypoxia alters renal response to vasopressin, exogenous vasopressin was administered to normoxic and hypoxic groups of dogs. The antidiuretic effect of vasopressin was no different in these two groups. These results demonstrate that hypoxia induces an antidiuresis which is independent of alterations in CO, MAP, SV, filtration fraction, renal nerves, or renal response to vasopressin and occurs through baroreceptor-mediated vasopressin release. The nature of the baroreceptor stimulation remains to be elucidated.
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Jackson JT. Correspondence. Ann Ophthalmol 1977; 9:1325-8. [PMID: 921154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Brodie TE, Jackson JT, McKinnon WM. A muscle retracting subcostal incision for cholecystectomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1976; 143:452-3. [PMID: 134460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Buckley GA, Blatterfein L, Coelho DH, Pearce RL, Jackson JT, Willer DH, Bruno SA. Minimum acceptable laboratory procedures for satisfactory complete dentures, removable partial dentures, and fixed partial denture services. J Prosthet Dent 1972; 27:79-80. [PMID: 4550064 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3913(72)90177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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