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Kaplan GG, Windsor JW, Crain J, Barrett L, Bernstein CN, Bitton A, Chauhan U, Coward S, Fowler S, Ghia JE, Gibson DL, Griffiths AM, Jones JL, Khanna R, Kuenzig ME, Lakatos PL, Lee K, Mack DR, Marshall JK, Mawani M, Murthy SK, Panaccione R, Seow CH, Targownik LE, Zelinsky S, Benchimol EI. Crohn's and Colitis Canada's 2021 Impact of COVID-19 & Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada: A Knowledge Translation Strategy. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2021; 4:S10-S19. [PMID: 34755034 PMCID: PMC8570425 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, in Canada, is over 0.75% in 2021. Many individuals with IBD are immunocompromised. Consequently, the World Health Organization’s declaration of a global pandemic uniquely impacted those with IBD. Crohn’s and Colitis Canada (CCC) formed the COVID-19 and IBD Taskforce to provide evidence-based guidance during the pandemic to individuals with IBD and their families. The Taskforce met regularly through the course of the pandemic, synthesizing available information on the impact of COVID-19 on IBD. At first, the information was extrapolated from expert consensus guidelines, but eventually, recommendations were adapted for an international registry of worldwide cases of COVID-19 in people with IBD. The task force launched a knowledge translation initiative consisting of a webinar series and online resources to communicate information directly to the IBD community. Taskforce recommendations were posted to CCC’s website and included guidance such as risk stratification, management of immunosuppressant medications, physical distancing, and mental health. A weekly webinar series communicated critical information directly to the IBD community. During the pandemic, traffic to CCC’s website increased with 484,755 unique views of the COVID-19 webpages and 126,187 views of the 23 webinars, including their video clips. CCC’s COVID-19 and IBD Taskforce provided critical guidance to the IBD community as the pandemic emerged, the nation underwent a lockdown, the economy reopened, and the second wave ensued. By integrating public health guidance through the unique prism of a vulnerable population, CCC’s knowledge translation platform informed and protected the IBD community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilaad G Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joseph W Windsor
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Janet Crain
- KTE Bridge Consulting, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Alain Bitton
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Usha Chauhan
- Hamilton Health Science, Department of Medicine and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Coward
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sharyle Fowler
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jean-Eric Ghia
- Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine section of Gastroenterology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba and University of Manitoba Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical and Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Deanna L Gibson
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anne M Griffiths
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Jones
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Reena Khanna
- London Health Sciences Centre-University Campus, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Ellen Kuenzig
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter L Lakatos
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,1st Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kate Lee
- Crohn's and Colitis Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David R Mack
- CHEO Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre and Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - John K Marshall
- Hamilton Health Science, Department of Medicine and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mina Mawani
- Crohn's and Colitis Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanjay K Murthy
- The Ottawa Hospital IBD Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Remo Panaccione
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cynthia H Seow
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Laura E Targownik
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra Zelinsky
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eric I Benchimol
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Taylor T, Das D, Patrick J, Katz S, Johnson L, Crain J. Embryo euploidy rates from advanced maternal age (AMA) patients with and without coenzyme Q10 (COQ10) supplemntation: a pilot study and randomized control trial. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Buzzacott P, Schiller D, Crain J, Denoble PJ. Epidemiology of morbidity and mortality in US and Canadian recreational scuba diving. Public Health 2018; 155:62-68. [PMID: 29306625 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates morbidity and mortality suffered by divers in the USA and Canada. STUDY DESIGN Prospectively recruited probability-weighted sample for estimating the national burden of injury and a weighted retrospective survey for estimating exposure. METHODS The National Electronic Surveillance System and Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP) were searched for scuba diving injuries. The Divers Alert Network diving fatality database was searched for deaths, and Sports and Fitness Industry Association estimates for diving were obtained from annual surveys. RESULTS In the USA, there were an estimated 1394 emergency department (ED) presentations annually for scuba-related injuries. The majority (80%) were treated and/or released. There were an estimated 306 million dives made by the US residents 2006-2015 and concurrently 563 recreational diving deaths, a fatality rate of 0.18 per 105 dives and 1.8 per 105 diver-years. There were 658 diving deaths in the US 2006-2015 and 13,943 ED presentations for scuba injuries, giving a ratio of 47 diving deaths in the USA for every 1000 ED presentations. There were 98 cases of scuba-related injuries identified in the CHIRPP data. The prevalence of scuba-related injuries for patients aged 3-17 years was 1.5 per 105 cases, and the prevalence of scuba-related injuries to patients 18-62 years was 16.5 per 105 cases. DISCUSSION In Canada and the USA, only one out of every 10,000 ED presentations is due to a scuba-related injury. That there are 47 deaths for every 1000 ED presentations for scuba injuries speaks to the relatively unforgiving environment in which scuba diving takes place. For 1.8 deaths per million recreational dives, mortality in scuba diving is nonetheless relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Buzzacott
- Divers Alert Network, 6 Est Colony Place, Durham, NC, 27705, USA; School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, 6009, Australia.
| | - D Schiller
- Sports Marketing Surveys, 6650 W Indiantown Road, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
| | - J Crain
- Injury and Healthy Living Section, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, 7th Floor, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - P J Denoble
- Divers Alert Network, 6 Est Colony Place, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
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Crain J, McFaull S, Rao DP, Do MT, Thompson W. At-a-glance, Emergency department surveillance of thermal burns and scalds, electronic Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program, 2013. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2017; 37:30-31. [PMID: 28102994 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.37.1.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although fatality and hospitalization rates for burns in Canada have declined over time, less serious cases still commonly present to the emergency department (ED). METHODS The Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP) is an injury and poisoning surveillance system administered by the Public Health Agency of Canada, operating in emergency departments of 17 hospitals. RESULTS Overall, cases reported in 2013 were scalds and contact burns from hot objects. The leading direct causes of scalds were hot beverages and hot water. The leading causes of contact burns were stoves/ovens and fireplaces/accessories. While the overall proportion of burns was highest among females, males comprised a higher proportion of burns from all mechanisms except scalds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Crain
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - S McFaull
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - D P Rao
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M T Do
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Thompson
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Do MT, McFaull S, Cheesman J, Mersereau T, Rao DP, Crain J, Thompson W. Emergency department presentations for hoverboard-related injuries: the electronic Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program, 2015 to 2016. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2016; 36:316-317. [PMID: 27977087 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.36.12.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M T Do
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S McFaull
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Cheesman
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Mersereau
- Consumer Product Safety Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - D P Rao
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Crain
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Thompson
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Crain J, McFaull S, Thompson W, Skinner R, Do MT, Fréchette M, Mukhi S. Status report - The Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program: a dynamic and innovative injury surveillance system. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2016; 36:112-117. [PMID: 27284703 PMCID: PMC4910447 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.36.6.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
This status report on the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP), an emergency department-based injury and poisoning surveillance system, describes the result of migrating from a centralized data entry and coding process to a decentralized process, the web-based eCHIRPP system, in 2011. This secure system is improving the CHIRPP's overall flexibility and timeliness, which are key attributes of an effective surveillance system. The integrated eCHIRPP platform enables near real-time data entry and access, has user-friendly data management and analysis tools, and allows for easier communication and connectivity across the CHIRPP network through an online collaboration centre. Current pilot testing of automated data monitoring and trend analysis tools-designed to monitor and flag incoming data according to predefined criteria (for example, a new consumer product)-is revealing eCHIRPP's potential for providing early warnings of new hazards, issues and trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Crain
- Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - S McFaull
- Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Thompson
- Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Skinner
- Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M T Do
- Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Fréchette
- Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Mukhi
- Canadian Network for Public Health Intelligence, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Sokhan VP, Jones A, Cipcigan FS, Crain J, Martyna GJ. Molecular-scale remnants of the liquid-gas transition in supercritical polar fluids. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:117801. [PMID: 26406855 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.117801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An electronically coarse-grained model for water reveals a persistent vestige of the liquid-gas transition deep into the supercritical region. A crossover in the density dependence of the molecular dipole arises from the onset of nonpercolating hydrogen bonds. The crossover points coincide with the Widom line in the scaling region but extend farther, tracking the heat capacity maxima, offering evidence for liquidlike and gaslike state points in a "one-phase" fluid. The effect is present even in dipole-limit models, suggesting that it is common for all molecular liquids exhibiting dipole enhancement in the liquid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Sokhan
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - A Jones
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - F S Cipcigan
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - J Crain
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - G J Martyna
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA
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Corrigan DK, Schulze H, Henihan G, Hardie A, Ciani I, Giraud G, Terry JG, Walton AJ, Pethig R, Ghazal P, Crain J, Campbell CJ, Templeton KE, Mount AR, Bachmann TT. Development of a PCR-free electrochemical point of care test for clinical detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Analyst 2014; 138:6997-7005. [PMID: 24093127 DOI: 10.1039/c3an01319g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An MRSA assay requiring neither labeling nor amplification of target DNA has been developed. Sequence specific binding of fragments of bacterial genomic DNA is detected at femtomolar concentrations using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). This has been achieved using systematic optimisation of probe chemistry (PNA self-assembled monolayer film on gold electrode), electrode film structure (the size and nature of the chemical spacer) and DNA fragmentation, as these are found to play an important role in assay performance. These sensitivity improvements allow the elimination of the PCR step and DNA labeling and facilitate the development of a simple and rapid point of care test for MRSA. Assay performance is then evaluated and specific direct detection of the MRSA diagnostic mecA gene from genomic DNA, extracted directly from bacteria without further treatment is demonstrated for bacteria spiked into saline (10(6) cells per mL) on gold macrodisc electrodes and into human wound fluid (10(4) cells per mL) on screen printed gold electrodes. The latter detection level is particularly relevant to clinical requirements and point of care testing where the general threshold for considering a wound to be infected is 10(5) cells per mL. By eliminating the PCR step typically employed in nucleic acid assays, using screen printed electrodes and achieving sequence specific discrimination under ambient conditions, the test is extremely simple to design and engineer. In combination with a time to result of a few minutes this means the assay is well placed for use in point of care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Corrigan
- Division of Pathway Medicine, Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, Scotland, UK.
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McVey A, Crain J. Nonlinear optical methods for cellular imaging and localization. Methods 2014; 68:371-7. [PMID: 24704357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Of all the ways in which complex materials (including many biological systems) can be explored, imaging is perhaps the most powerful because delivering high information content directly. This is particular relevant in aspects of cellular localization where the physical proximity of molecules is crucial in biochemical processes. A great deal of effort in imaging has been spent on enabling chemically selective imaging so that only specific features are revealed. This is almost always achieved by adding fluorescent chemical labels to specific molecules. Under appropriate illumination conditions only the molecules (via their labels) will be visible. The technique is simple and elegant but does suffer from fundamental limitations: (1) the fluorescent labels may fade when illuminated (a phenomenon called photobleaching) thereby constantly decreasing signal contrast over the course of image acquisition. To combat photobleaching one must reduce observation times or apply unfavourably low excitation levels all of which reduce the information content of images; (2) the fluorescent species may be deactivated by various environmental factors (the general term is fluorescence quenching); (3) the presence of fluorescent labels may introduce unexpected complications or may interfere with processes of interest (4) Some molecules of interest cannot be labelled. In these circumstances we require a fundamentally different strategy. One of the most promising alternative is based on a technique called Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS). CARS is a fundamentally more complex process than is fluorescence and the experimental procedures and optical systems required to deliver high quality CARS images are intricate. However, the rewards are correspondingly very high: CARS probes the chemically distinct vibrations of the constituent molecules in a complex system and is therefore also chemically selective as are fluorescence-based methods. Moreover,the potentially severe problems of fluorescence bleaching and quenching are circumvented and high-resolution three dimensional images can be obtained on completely unlabelled specimens. We review here aspects of CARS and Multiphoton fluorescence techniques to cellular localization and measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A McVey
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - J Crain
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ Scotland, United Kingdom; National Physical Laboratory Teddington, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom.
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10
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Jones A, Crain J, Cipcigan F, Sokhan V, Modani M, Martyna G. Electronically coarse-grained molecular dynamics using quantum Drude oscillators. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.843032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Patrick J, Welch L, Teaff N, Whelan J, Crain J, Wilson M. Comparative assessment of blastocyst conversion rates in sequential vs continuous culture systems. Fertil Steril 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
We introduce an electronically coarse-grained description of water representing all long range, many-body electronic responses via an embedded quantum oscillator. Leading-order response coefficients and gas phase electrostatic moments are exactly reproduced. Molecular dynamics, using electronic path integral sampling, shows that this framework is sufficient for a realistic liquid to emerge naturally with transferability extending further to nonambient state points and to the free water surface. The model allows the strength of many-body dispersion and polarization to be adjusted independently and these are found to have significant effects on the condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jones
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
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13
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Cardinal M, Crain J, Do MT, Fréchette M, McFaull S, Skinner R, Thompson W. Report summary - Injury in Review, 2012 Edition: Spotlight on Road and Transport Safety. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.32.4.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Injury in Review, 2012 Edition: Spotlight on Road and Transport Safety, the first national public health report of its kind, synthesizes road- and transport-related injury statistics from a variety of sources. It profiles injury patterns among Canadians aged up to 24 years, explains risks and protective factors, and makes recommendations for action. The findings inform the development of targeted injury prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cardinal
- Injury Section, Health Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Crain
- Injury Section, Health Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - MT Do
- Injury Section, Health Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Fréchette
- Injury Section, Health Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - S McFaull
- Injury Section, Health Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Skinner
- Injury Section, Health Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Thompson
- Injury Section, Health Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Cardinal M, Crain J, Do MT, Fréchette M, McFaull S, Skinner R, Thompson W. Report summary - injury in review, 2012 edition: spotlight on road and transport safety. Chronic Dis Inj Can 2012; 32:229-230. [PMID: 23046806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Injury in Review, 2012 Edition: Spotlight on Road and Transport Safety, the first national public health report of its kind, synthesizes road- and transport-related injury statistics from a variety of sources. It profiles injury patterns among Canadians aged up to 24 years, explains risks and protective factors, and makes recommendations for action. The findings inform the development of targeted injury prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cardinal
- Injury Section, Health Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Tulip PR, Gregor CR, Troitzsch RZ, Martyna GJ, Cerasoli E, Tranter G, Crain J. Conformational Plasticity in an HIV-1 Antibody Epitope. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:7942-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jp100929n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. R. Tulip
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, U.K., IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, 10598, and National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - C. R. Gregor
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, U.K., IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, 10598, and National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - R. Z. Troitzsch
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, U.K., IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, 10598, and National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - G. J. Martyna
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, U.K., IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, 10598, and National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - E. Cerasoli
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, U.K., IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, 10598, and National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - G. Tranter
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, U.K., IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, 10598, and National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - J. Crain
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, U.K., IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, 10598, and National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, U.K
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Troitzsch RZ, Vass H, Hossack WJ, Martyna GJ, Crain J. Molecular Mechanisms of Cryoprotection in Aqueous Proline: Light Scattering and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:4290-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp076713m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Z. Troitzsch
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, and National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - H. Vass
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, and National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - W. J. Hossack
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, and National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - G. J. Martyna
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, and National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - J. Crain
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, and National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
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Mountford CP, Buck AH, Campbell CJ, Dickinson P, Ferapontova EE, Terry JG, Beattie JS, Walton AJ, Ghazal P, Mount AR, Crain J. Molecular Recognition with DNA Nanoswitches: Effects of Single Base Mutations on Structure. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:2439-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jp073817o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. P. Mountford
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom, The Division of Pathway Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB Scotland, United Kingdom, School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom, Institute of Integrated Systems, Scottish Microelectronics Centre, School of Engineering and Electronics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9
| | - A. H. Buck
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom, The Division of Pathway Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB Scotland, United Kingdom, School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom, Institute of Integrated Systems, Scottish Microelectronics Centre, School of Engineering and Electronics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9
| | - C. J. Campbell
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom, The Division of Pathway Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB Scotland, United Kingdom, School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom, Institute of Integrated Systems, Scottish Microelectronics Centre, School of Engineering and Electronics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9
| | - P. Dickinson
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom, The Division of Pathway Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB Scotland, United Kingdom, School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom, Institute of Integrated Systems, Scottish Microelectronics Centre, School of Engineering and Electronics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9
| | - E. E. Ferapontova
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom, The Division of Pathway Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB Scotland, United Kingdom, School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom, Institute of Integrated Systems, Scottish Microelectronics Centre, School of Engineering and Electronics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9
| | - J. G. Terry
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom, The Division of Pathway Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB Scotland, United Kingdom, School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom, Institute of Integrated Systems, Scottish Microelectronics Centre, School of Engineering and Electronics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9
| | - J. S. Beattie
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom, The Division of Pathway Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB Scotland, United Kingdom, School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom, Institute of Integrated Systems, Scottish Microelectronics Centre, School of Engineering and Electronics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9
| | - A. J. Walton
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom, The Division of Pathway Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB Scotland, United Kingdom, School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom, Institute of Integrated Systems, Scottish Microelectronics Centre, School of Engineering and Electronics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9
| | - P. Ghazal
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom, The Division of Pathway Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB Scotland, United Kingdom, School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom, Institute of Integrated Systems, Scottish Microelectronics Centre, School of Engineering and Electronics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9
| | - A. R. Mount
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom, The Division of Pathway Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB Scotland, United Kingdom, School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom, Institute of Integrated Systems, Scottish Microelectronics Centre, School of Engineering and Electronics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9
| | - J. Crain
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom, The Division of Pathway Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB Scotland, United Kingdom, School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom, Institute of Integrated Systems, Scottish Microelectronics Centre, School of Engineering and Electronics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9
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Whitfield TW, Crain J, Martyna GJ. Structural properties of liquid N-methylacetamide via ab initio, path integral, and classical molecular dynamics. J Chem Phys 2007; 124:94503. [PMID: 16526863 DOI: 10.1063/1.2150432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to better understand the physical interactions that stabilize protein secondary structure, the neat liquid state of a peptidic fragment, N-methylacetamide (NMA), was studied using computer simulation. Three different descriptions of the molecular liquid were examined: an empirical force field treatment with classical nuclei, an empirical force field treatment with quantum mechanical nuclei, and an ab initio density functional theory (DFT) treatment. The DFT electronic structure was evaluated using the BLYP approximate functional and a plane wave basis set. The different physical effects probed by the three models, such as quantum dispersion, many-body polarization, and nontrivial charge distributions on the liquid properties, were compared. Much of the structural ordering in the liquid is characterized by hydrogen bonded chains of NMA molecules. Modest structural differences are present among the three models of liquid NMA. The average molecular dipole in the liquid under the ab initio treatment, however, is enhanced by 60% over the gas phase value.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Whitfield
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA
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Whitfield TW, Martyna GJ, Allison S, Bates SP, Vass H, Crain J. Structure and hydrogen bonding in neat N-methylacetamide: classical molecular dynamics and Raman spectroscopy studies of a liquid of peptidic fragments. J Phys Chem B 2007; 110:3624-37. [PMID: 16494418 DOI: 10.1021/jp053140+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The results of classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and Raman spectroscopy studies of neat liquid N-methylacetamide (NMA), the simplest model system relevant to the peptides, are reported as a function of temperature and pressure. The MD simulations predict that near ambient conditions, the molecules form a hydrogen bond network consisting primarily of linear chains. Both the links between molecules within the hydrogen-bonded chains and the associations between chains are stabilized by weak methyl-donated "improper" hydrogen bonds. The three-dimensional structural motifs observed in the liquid show some similarity to protein beta-sheets. The temperature and pressure dependence of the hydrogen bond network, as probed by the mode frequency of the experimentally determined amide-I Raman band, blue shifts on heating and red shifts under compression, respectively, suggesting weakened and enhanced hydrogen bonding in response to temperature and pressure increases. Disruption of the hydrogen-bonding network is clearly observed in the simulation data as temperature is increased, whereas the improper hydrogen bonding is enhanced under compression to reduce the energetic cost of increasing the packing fraction. Because of the neglect of polarizability in the molecular model, the computed dielectric constant is underestimated compared to the experimental value, indicating that the simulation may underestimate dipolar coupling in the liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Whitfield
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA
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21
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Troitzsch RZ, Martyna GJ, McLain SE, Soper AK, Crain J. Structure of Aqueous Proline via Parallel Tempering Molecular Dynamics and Neutron Diffraction. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:8210-22. [PMID: 17592868 DOI: 10.1021/jp0714973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The structure of aqueous L-proline amino acid has been the subject of much debate centering on the validity of various proposed models, differing widely in the extent to which local and long-range correlations are present. Here, aqueous proline is investigated by atomistic, replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations, and the results are compared to neutron diffraction and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) data, which have been reported recently (McLain, S.; Soper, A.; Terry, A.; Watts, A. J. Phys. Chem. B 2007, 111, 4568). Comparisons between neutron experiments and simulation are made via the static structure factor S(Q) which is measured and computed from several systems with different H/D isotopic compositions at a concentration of 1:20 molar ratio. Several different empirical water models (TIP3P, TIP4P, and SPC/E) in conjunction with the CHARMM22 force field are investigated. Agreement between experiment and simulation is reasonably good across the entire Q range although there are significant model-dependent variations in some cases. In general, agreement is improved slightly upon application of approximate quantum corrections obtained from gas-phase path integral simulations. Dimers and short oligomeric chains formed by hydrogen bonds (frequently bifurcated) coexist with apolar (hydrophobic) contacts. These emerge as the dominant local motifs in the mixture. Evidence for long-range association is more equivocal: No long-range structures form spontaneously in the MD simulations, and no obvious low-Q signature is seen in the SANS data. Moreover, associations introduced artificially to replicate a long-standing proposed mesoscale structure for proline correlations as an initial condition are annealed out by parallel tempering MD simulations. However, some small residual aggregates do remain, implying a greater degree of long-range order than is apparent in the SANS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Z Troitzsch
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
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22
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Mount AR, Mountford CP, Evans SAG, Su TJ, Buck AH, Dickinson P, Campbell CJ, Keane LM, Terry JG, Beattie JS, Walton AJ, Ghazal P, Crain J. The stability and characteristics of a DNA Holliday junction switch. Biophys Chem 2006; 124:214-21. [PMID: 16716492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2006.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2006] [Accepted: 03/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A Holliday junction (HJ) consists of four DNA double helices, with a branch point discontinuity at the intersection of the component strands. At low ionic strength, the HJ adopts an open conformation, with four widely spaced arms, primarily due to strong electrostatic repulsion between the phosphate groups on the backbones. At high ionic strength, screening of this repulsion induces a switch to a more compact (closed) junction conformation. Fluorescent labelling with dyes placed on the HJ arms allows this conformational switch to be detected optically using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), producing a sensitive fluorescent output of the switch state. This paper presents a systematic and quantitative survey of the switch characteristics of such a labelled HJ. A short HJ (arm length 8 bp) is shown to be prone to dissociation at low switching ion concentration, whereas an HJ of arm length 12 bp is shown to be stable over all switching ion concentrations studied. The switching characteristics of this HJ have been systematically and quantitatively studied for a variety of switching ions, by measuring the required ion concentration, the sharpness of the switching transition and the fluorescent output intensity of the open and closed states. This stable HJ is shown to have favourable switch characteristics for a number of inorganic switching ions, making it a promising candidate for use in nanoscale biomolecular switch devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Mount
- School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Clark
- a Department of Physics and Astronomy , The University of Edinburgh , Mayfield Road, EH9 352 , Scotland
| | - C. J. Adam
- a Department of Physics and Astronomy , The University of Edinburgh , Mayfield Road, EH9 352 , Scotland
| | - H. C. Hsueh
- a Department of Physics and Astronomy , The University of Edinburgh , Mayfield Road, EH9 352 , Scotland
| | - F. Pu
- a Department of Physics and Astronomy , The University of Edinburgh , Mayfield Road, EH9 352 , Scotland
- b Institute of High Temperature and Pressure Physics, Chengdu University of Science and Technology , P. R. China
| | - J. Crain
- a Department of Physics and Astronomy , The University of Edinburgh , Mayfield Road, EH9 352 , Scotland
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Mountford CP, Mount AR, Evans SAG, Su TJ, Dickinson P, Buck AH, Campbell CJ, Terry JG, Beattie JS, Walton AJ, Ghazal P, Crain J. Time-Resolved FRET and FLIM of Four-way DNA Junctions. J Fluoresc 2006; 16:839-45. [PMID: 17031573 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-006-0125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2006] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Conformational transitions in a 4-way DNA junction when titrated with ionic solutions are studied using time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Parameters characterising the transition in terms of critical ion concentration (c1/2) and the Hill coefficient for ion binding are obtained by fitting a simple two-state model using steady-state spectra. Data obtained from a fluorescence lifetime plate reader and analysed by fitting a single exponential to donor fluorescence lifetime decays are shown to be in good agreement with the parameters obtained from steady-state measurements. Fluorescence lifetimes, however, offer advantages, particularly in being independent of fluorophore concentration, output intensity, inhomogeneity in the excitation source and output wavelength. We demonstrate preliminary FRET-FLIM images of DNA junction solutions obtained using a picosecond gated CCD which are in agreement with results from a fluorescence lifetime plate reader. The results suggest that time-resolved FRET-FLIM is sensitive to subtle structural changes and may be useful in assays based on 4-way DNA junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Mountford
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Room 4606 James Clerk Maxwell Building, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, UK
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Anderson A, Graff K, Distefano J, Whelan J, Crain J. Early Syngamy; A Case Study Report. Fertil Steril 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Anderson A, Whelan J, Crain J. Age-Matched Comparison of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Conventional Blastocyst Transfers. Fertil Steril 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Dougan L, Hargreaves R, Bates SP, Finney JL, Réat V, Soper AK, Crain J. Segregation in aqueous methanol enhanced by cooling and compression. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:174514. [PMID: 15910052 DOI: 10.1063/1.1888405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular segregation in methanol-water mixtures is studied across a wide concentration range as a function of temperature and pressure. Cluster distributions obtained from both neutron diffraction and molecular dynamics simulations point to significantly enhanced segregation as the mixtures are cooled or compressed. This evolution toward greater molecular heterogenity in the mixture accounts for the observed changes in the water-water radial distribution function and there are indications also of a change in the topology of the water clusters. The observed behavior is consistent with an approach to an upper critical solution point. Such a point would appear to be "hidden" below the freezing line, thereby precluding observation of the two-fluid region.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dougan
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, UK
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Dougan L, Bates SP, Hargreaves R, Fox JP, Crain J, Finney JL, Reat V, Soper AK. Methanol-water solutions: A bi-percolating liquid mixture. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:6456-62. [PMID: 15446945 DOI: 10.1063/1.1789951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An extensive series of neutron diffraction experiments and molecular dynamics simulations has shown that mixtures of methanol and water exhibit extended structures in solution despite the components being fully miscible in all proportions. Of particular interest is a concentration region (methanol mole fraction between 0.27 and 0.54) where both methanol and water appear to form separate, percolating networks. This is the concentration range where many transport properties and thermodynamic excess functions reach extremal values. The observed concentration dependence of several of these material properties of the solution may therefore have a structural origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dougan
- School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Single molecule fluorescence imaging incorporated with optical tweezers and a laminar flow cell has been used to monitor the kinetic process of DNA condensation induced by spermidine. It was found that at least two steps were involved in the condensation process of the hydrodynamically-stretched linear DNA; a lag period followed by a rapid collapse of DNA. The lag time increased with the flow speed and the collapse time remained short within the range of the flow speed studied. The effect of salt concentration on the condensation process was examined, and the results suggest that the longer lag time observed in the higher salt buffer probably results from the displacement of bound cations and rearrangement of spermidine on the DNA. The flow-speed dependence of the lag time suggests that a nucleation event at the free end of the DNA, i.e. formation of a loop, may play a vital role in the kinetic process of condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Su
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Abstract
When a simple alcohol such as methanol or ethanol is mixed with water, the entropy of the system increases far less than expected for an ideal solution of randomly mixed molecules. This well-known effect has been attributed to hydrophobic headgroups creating ice-like or clathrate-like structures in the surrounding water, although experimental support for this hypothesis is scarce. In fact, an increasing amount of experimental and theoretical work suggests that the hydrophobic headgroups of alcohol molecules in aqueous solution cluster together. However, a consistent description of the details of this self-association is lacking. Here we use neutron diffraction with isotope substitution to probe the molecular-scale structure of a concentrated alcohol water mixture (7:3 molar ratio). Our data indicate that most of the water molecules exist as small hydrogen-bonded strings and clusters in a 'fluid' of close-packed methyl groups, with water clusters bridging neighbouring methanol hydroxyl groups through hydrogen bonding. This behaviour suggests that the anomalous thermodynamics of water alcohol systems arises from incomplete mixing at the molecular level and from retention of remnants of the three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network structure of bulk water.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dixit
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK
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Meeker SP, Poon WC, Crain J, Terentjev EM. Colloid-liquid-crystal composites: An unusual soft solid. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 61:R6083-R6086. [PMID: 11088356 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.61.r6083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mixing model colloidal particles with a thermotropic nematic liquid crystal results in a soft solid with significant storage modulus (G' approximately 10(3)-10(5) Pa). The soft solid comprises a network of particle aggregates, formed by the exclusion of particles from emergent nematic domains as the mixture is cooled below the isotropic-nematic transition. The unusually high storage modulus of the colloid-liquid-crystal composites may be due to the local frustration of nematic order within the particle aggregates. The birefringent soft solid is potentially important as a switchable electro-optical material that can be readily handled and processed.
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Affiliation(s)
- SP Meeker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
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Twidale N, Manda V, Holliday R, Boler S, Sparks L, Crain J, Carrier S. Mitral regurgitation after atrioventricular node catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation and heart failure: acute hemodynamic features. Am Heart J 1999; 138:1166-75. [PMID: 10577449 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8703(99)70084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiofrequency catheter ablation of the atrioventricular node and pacemaker insertion have been associated with occasional development of mitral regurgitation (MR). Ventricular pacing might result in MR if (1) left ventricular (LV) compliance is decreased and/or (2) mitral valve leaflet apposition is disturbed. We studied acute hemodynamic changes resulting from initiation of ventricular pacing in patients undergoing ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirteen patients (10 men and 3 women) with a mean age of 73.4 +/- 8. 6 years, with chronic atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure, had permanent ventricular pacemaker insertion with lead placement at the right ventricular (RV) apex. The following hemodynamic recordings were obtained before ablation (during atrial fibrillation) and then immediately after ablation (during RV pacing): heart rate, mean arterial pressure, LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, V-wave amplitude, and cardiac index. Presence of MR was assessed by V-wave amplitude and the results of LV angiography. In patients who had MR, recordings were also obtained during temporary ventricular pacing from the RV outflow tract (RVOT). As a group there were no significant changes in any hemodynamic measurement. Before ablation, mild MR by LV angiogram was present in 5 patients, but none had large V-wave amplitude. After ablation, mild MR was present by LV angiogram in 6 patients, and in 3 of these patients large V-wave amplitude developed (mean amplitude 42.7 +/- 2.2 mm Hg; assigned to group 1). This was associated with a rise in LVEDP in 1 patient (consistent with reduced LV compliance), but LVEDP was unchanged in the other 2 patients (suggesting abnormal mitral valve leaflet apposition). All patients in group 1 exhibited a fall in V-wave amplitude when the pacing site was moved to the RVOT. CONCLUSIONS Both reduced LV compliance and disturbed mitral valve leaflet apposition contribute to MR after ablation. MR is reduced by pacing from the RVOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Twidale
- Bass Baptist Hospital, Enid, OK, USA
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Kutteh WH, Yetman DL, Chantilis SJ, Crain J. Effect of antiphospholipid antibodies in women undergoing in-vitro fertilization: role of heparin and aspirin. Hum Reprod 1997; 12:1171-5. [PMID: 9221995 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/12.6.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To describe the prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies in women undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and to determine if heparin and aspirin affect implantation rates, 191 women with a history of infertility undergoing IVF were prospectively tested for antiphospholipid antibodies. This was a two-centre, non-randomized comparison of women with positive antiphospholipid antibodies receiving heparin and aspirin versus standard treatment. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with referenced standards and known positive and negative sera on each plate, was utilized to measure antibodies to cardiolipin, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Statistical analyses of results included analysis of variance and Fisher's two-tailed exact test. Antiphospholipid antibodies were detected in 18.8% of patients undergoing IVF compared with only 5.5% in the 200 normal controls, 26% in 200 women with recurrent pregnancy loss, and 32% in 200 women with systemic lupus erythematosus. In conclusion, antiphospholipid antibodies were found more frequently in women undergoing IVF than in the normal control population. Although implantation rates appeared higher in the group of women treated with heparin and aspirin, no statistically significant differences were detected in implantation, pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy rates between those who received standard therapy and those treated with heparin and aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Kutteh
- The University of Tennessee, Memphis Health Science Center, USA
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Maclean J, Hatton PD, Crain J, Harris KDM, Kariuki BM, Wu F, Cernik RJ. High-pressure structures of group V elements and group IV–VI compounds. Acta Crystallogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767396078439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Hsueh HC, Warren MC, Vass H, Ackland GJ, Clark SJ, Crain J. Vibrational properties of the layered semiconductor germanium sulfide under hydrostatic pressure: Theory and experiment. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 53:14806-14817. [PMID: 9983275 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.14806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Crain J, Piltz RO, Ackland GJ, Clark SJ, Payne MC, Milman V, Lin JS, Hatton PD, Nam YH. Erratum: Tetrahedral structures and phase transitions in III-V semiconductors. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 52:16936. [PMID: 9981104 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.16936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Clark SJ, Ackland GJ, Crain J. Theoretical stability limit of diamond at ultrahigh pressure. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 52:15035-15038. [PMID: 9980844 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.15035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Piltz RO, Maclean JR, Clark SJ, Ackland GJ, Hatton PD, Crain J. Structure and properties of silicon XII: A complex tetrahedrally bonded phase. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 52:4072-4085. [PMID: 9981533 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.4072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Crain J, Curole D, Hill G, Hurst B, Metzger D, Murphy A, Perloe M, Reich H, Rowe G, Sanfillipo J. Laparoscopic implant of Gore-Tex surgical membrane. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 1995; 2:417-20. [PMID: 9050595 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-3804(05)80063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Crain
- Women's Specialty Center, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
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Hsueh HC, Vass H, Clark SJ, Ackland GJ, Crain J. High-pressure effects in the layered semiconductor germanium selenide. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 51:16750-16760. [PMID: 9978682 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.16750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hsueh HC, Maclean JR, Guo GY, Lee MH, Clark SJ, Ackland GJ, Crain J. Pressure-induced polymorphism in CuCl: An ab initio study. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 51:12216-12222. [PMID: 9977991 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Crain J, Ackland GJ, Maclean JR, Piltz RO, Hatton PD, Pawley GS. Reversible pressure-induced structural transitions between metastable phases of silicon. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 50:13043-13046. [PMID: 9975487 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Crain J, Piltz RO, Ackland GJ, Clark SJ, Payne MC, Milman V, Lin JS, Hatton PD, Nam YH. Tetrahedral structures and phase transitions in III-V semiconductors. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 50:8389-8401. [PMID: 9974857 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.8389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Clark SJ, Ackland GJ, Crain J. Theoretical study of high-density phases of covalent semiconductors. II. Empirical treatment. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 49:5341-5352. [PMID: 10011486 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.5341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Crain J, Clark SJ, Ackland GJ, Payne MC, Milman V, Hatton PD, Reid BJ. Theoretical study of high-density phases of covalent semiconductors. I. Ab initio treatment. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 49:5329-5340. [PMID: 10011485 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.5329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Nelmes RJ, McMahon MI, Hatton PD, Crain J, Piltz RO. Erratum: Phase transitions in InSb at pressures up to 5 GPa. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 48:9949-9952. [PMID: 10007268 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.9949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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