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Hartman J, Dholakia K. An Exploratory Study of Physical Therapists From High-Income Countries Practising Outside of Their Scope in Low and Middle-Income Countries. J Bioeth Inq 2023; 20:543-562. [PMID: 37861947 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify how often physical therapists from high-income countries (HIC) travelling to low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) practise outside their scope of practice, in what circumstances, and their likelihood of doing the same in the future. METHODS An exploratory descriptive study using a survey. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-six licensed physical therapists from around the world participated. Physical therapists typically spent less than a month (73.8 per cent) in LMIC; 67.5 per cent believed that physical therapists practise outside of their scope, and 31.7 per cent reported doing so. Reasons were believing that something is better than nothing (47.5 per cent ), a mismatch between the physical therapist's and host's expectations (40.0 per cent ), and preserving their relationship with the host (25.0 per cent ). It was deemed appropriate by 64.5 per cent to practise outside of their scope in some situations and 53.8% considered repeating the activity in the future. Half of the respondent's first experience in LMIC occurred as a student or in their first decade of practice. CONCLUSIONS Working in LMIC requires a keen understanding of the risks and challenges associated with such experiences. To ensure best practice, a skill set that consists of critical self-reflection, systems thinking, and structural competency combined with clinical competency and accountability is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hartman
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, 5110 Medical Sciences Center, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - K Dholakia
- Institute for Physical Therapy Education, Widener University, One University Place, Chester, PA, 19013, USA
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ALAKWAA F, McCown P, Naik A, Schaub J, Menon R, Otto E, Nair V, Eddy S, Pyle L, Hartman J, Hodgin J, Nelson R, Brosius Division F, Kretzler M, Bjornstad P. WCN23-0471 THE ENHANCEMENT OF METALLOTHIONEIN BIND METAL PATHWAY WITH SGLT2 INHIBITORS IN KIDNEY PROXIMAL TUBULES OF ADOLESCENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES USING SINGLE CELL RNA-SEQ DATA. Kidney Int Rep 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.02.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
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Rönnlund C, Robertson S, Sifakis E, Fredriksson I, Foukakis T, Hartman J. 167P The prognostic importance of high HER2 copy numbers and high HER2/CEP17 ratio in trastuzumab-treated early breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Mao Y, Icyuz M, Santos S, Rab A, Hong J, Sorscher E, Hartman J, Oliver K. 614: Discovery of novel epistatic interactions that influence CFTR folding trajectory. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)02037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Matikas A, Wang K, Lagoudaki E, Acs B, Zerdes I, Hartman J, Azavedo E, Bjöhle J, Carlsson L, Einbeigi Z, Hedenfalk I, Hellström M, Lekberg T, Loman N, Saracco A, von Wachenfeldt A, Rotstein S, Bergqvist M, Bergh J, Hatschek T, Foukakis T. Prognostic role of serum thymidine kinase 1 kinetics during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer. ESMO Open 2021; 6:100076. [PMID: 33714010 PMCID: PMC7957142 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging data support the use of thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) activity as a prognostic marker and for monitoring of response in breast cancer (BC). The long-term prognostic value of TK1 kinetics during neoadjuvant chemotherapy is unclear, which this study aimed to elucidate. Methods Material from patients enrolled to the single-arm prospective PROMIX trial of neoadjuvant epirubicin, docetaxel and bevacizumab for early BC was used. Ki67 in baseline biopsies was assessed both centrally and by automated digital imaging analysis. TK1 activity was measured from blood samples obtained at baseline and following two cycles of chemotherapy. The associations of TK1 and its kinetics as well as Ki67 with event-free survival and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using multivariable Cox regression models. Results Central Ki67 counting had excellent correlation with the results of digital image analysis (r = 0.814), but not with the diagnostic samples (r = 0.234), while it was independently prognostic for worse OS [adjusted hazard ratio (HRadj) = 2.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-6.21, P = 0.02]. Greater increase in TK1 activity after two cycles of chemotherapy resulted in improved event-free survival (HRadj = 0.50, 95% CI 0.26-0.97, P = 0.04) and OS (HRadj = 0.46, 95% CI 0.95, P = 0.04). There was significant interaction between the prognostic value of TK1 kinetics and Ki67 (pinteraction 0.04). Conclusion Serial measurement of serum TK1 activity during neoadjuvant chemotherapy provides long-term prognostic information in BC patients. The ease of obtaining serial samples for TK1 assessment motivates further evaluation in larger studies. This is a correlative analysis of a prospective phase II study on neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Serial measurement of serum TK1 activity during treatment provides independent long-term prognostic information. We demonstrate the validity and clinical utility of both central and automated image analysis-based Ki67 assessment. Finally, we explore the biologic correlations between TK1 and Ki67.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Matikas
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Breast Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - K Wang
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Lagoudaki
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - B Acs
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Zerdes
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Hartman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Azavedo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Bjöhle
- Breast Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Carlsson
- Department of Oncology, Sundsvall General Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Z Einbeigi
- Department of Medicine and Department of Oncology, Southern Älvsborg Hospital, Borås, Sweden; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I Hedenfalk
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Hellström
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Lekberg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Breast Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Loman
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Saracco
- Breast Center, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A von Wachenfeldt
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Rotstein
- Breast Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Bergqvist
- Biovica International, Uppsala Science Park, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Bergh
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Breast Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Hatschek
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Breast Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Foukakis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Breast Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hartman J, Johnston D, Gendo K, Tilles S, Haselkorn T, Jacobs J. P305 ANCILLARY TREATMENT NEEDS OF PATIENTS RECEIVING ORAL IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR FOOD ALLERGY IN CLINICAL PRACTICE. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.08.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Acs B, Rantalainen M, Hartman J. Artificial intelligence as the next step towards precision pathology. J Intern Med 2020; 288:62-81. [PMID: 32128929 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathology is the cornerstone of cancer care. The need for accuracy in histopathologic diagnosis of cancer is increasing as personalized cancer therapy requires accurate biomarker assessment. The appearance of digital image analysis holds promise to improve both the volume and precision of histomorphological evaluation. Recently, machine learning, and particularly deep learning, has enabled rapid advances in computational pathology. The integration of machine learning into routine care will be a milestone for the healthcare sector in the next decade, and histopathology is right at the centre of this revolution. Examples of potential high-value machine learning applications include both model-based assessment of routine diagnostic features in pathology, and the ability to extract and identify novel features that provide insights into a disease. Recent groundbreaking results have demonstrated that applications of machine learning methods in pathology significantly improves metastases detection in lymph nodes, Ki67 scoring in breast cancer, Gleason grading in prostate cancer and tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) scoring in melanoma. Furthermore, deep learning models have also been demonstrated to be able to predict status of some molecular markers in lung, prostate, gastric and colorectal cancer based on standard HE slides. Moreover, prognostic (survival outcomes) deep neural network models based on digitized HE slides have been demonstrated in several diseases, including lung cancer, melanoma and glioma. In this review, we aim to present and summarize the latest developments in digital image analysis and in the application of artificial intelligence in diagnostic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Acs
- From the, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Rantalainen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Hartman
- From the, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hatschek T, Andersson A, Bjöhle J, Bosch A, Carlsson L, Dreifaldt A, Einbeigi Z, Elinder E, Fredholm H, Isaksson-Friman E, Hellström M, Johansson H, Lekberg T, Lindman H, Zerdes I, Foukakis T, Hartman J, Brandberg Y, Bergh J. 97O PREDIX HER2 trial: Event-free survival and pathologic complete response in clinical subgroups and stromal TILs levels. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Hartman J, Jacobs J, Tilles S, Haselkorn T, Birchwood C, Gendo K, Johnston D. P305 REPORTED PRACTICE LOGISTICS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF SUBCUTANEOUS IMMUNOTHERAPY VERSUS FOOD ORAL IMMUNOTHERAPY AMONG US-BASED ALLERGISTS/IMMUNOLOGISTS. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Hartman J, Renckens R, Kortmann W, Stam F. Massive lymphadenopathy in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Neth J Med 2018; 76:306. [PMID: 30152401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Hartman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
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Wadsten C, Warnberg F, Tolockiene E, Hartman J, Fredriksson I, Garmo H, Sund M. Biomarkers in DCIS associated with breast cancer death. Eur J Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(18)30427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Hartman J, Zhang X, Zhu XR, Frank SJ, Lagendijk JJW, Raaymakers BW. TOPAS Monte Carlo model of MD anderson scanning proton beam for simulation studies in proton therapy. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aab191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Robertson S, Stålhammar G, Wedlund L, Gholizadeh S, Lippert M, Rantaleinen M, Bergh J, Hartman J. Abstract P2-03-07: Digital image analysis of Ki67 in hot spots is superior to alternative proliferation associated markers in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p2-03-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Proliferative activity is one of the most important prognostic parameters in cancer. During the pathological examination of breast tumors, it is routinely evaluated by a count of the number of mitoses. Adding immunohistochemical stains of the nuclear protein Ki67 provides extra prognostic and predictive information. However, the currently used methods for both of these evaluations battle imperfections, primarily in reproducibility. In this study, we make an equally broad and detailed evaluation of mitoses, Ki67 and the more recently described Phosphohistone H3 (PHH3) in primary breast cancer using digital image analysis (DIA). Furthermore, we aim to investigate the prognostic and predictive value of proliferation-associated biomarkers in breast cancer stromal cells in relation to patient outcome.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two cohorts of primary breast cancer specimens (total n=297) with clinicopathological data including >10 years survival data, were sectioned and stained for Ki67, PHH3 and pancytokeratin (CKMNF116) and all glass slides were digitally scanned at x20. The DIA software used was the Visiopharm Integrator System (VIS) by Visiopharm A/S, Hoersholm, Denmark. VIS operates by a 'digital fusion' method that automatically excludes non-epithelial tissue restricting the analysis of the biomarkers (Ki67 and PHH3) to CKMNF116 positive cells. Both manual and DIA scores were compared for sensitivity and specificity for the gene expression based Luminal B versus A subtype, for high versus low transcriptomic grade as well as for their prognostic value in terms of Cox regression hazard ratios and breast cancer specific and overall survival. Further, we investigated whether the expression of Ki67 in the tumors' hot spots, invasive edges or as an average across all regions should be assessed for maximum power in relation to these outcomes. In addition, by inverting the DIA algorithm run by the VIS on the same cohorts, the expression of Ki67 and PHH3 was evaluated in the tumor stromal compartment.
RESULTS
Regardless of tumor region, DIA of Ki67 outperformed the other markers in sensitivity and specificity for gene expression subtypes and transcriptomic grade. In contrast to mitotic counts, tumors with high expression of Ki67 as defined by DIA, had significantly increased hazard ratio for all-cause mortality within 10 years from diagnosis. DIA of Ki67 was superior to manual Ki67 and PHH3 evaluations as well as to mitotic counts in terms of separation of patients with poor versus relatively good survival. Finally, we replaced the manual mitotic counts with DIA of Ki67 in hot spots as the marker for proliferation when determining histological grade. This increased the differences in estimated mean overall survival between the highest and lowest grades and added significantly more prognostic information to the classic Nottingham histological grade.
CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that digital image analysis of Ki67 in hot spots should be suggested as the marker of choice for proliferative activity in breast cancer.
Citation Format: Robertson S, Stålhammar G, Wedlund L, Gholizadeh S, Lippert M, Rantaleinen M, Bergh J, Hartman J. Digital image analysis of Ki67 in hot spots is superior to alternative proliferation associated markers in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-03-07.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Robertson
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden; St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Visiopharm A/S, Hoersholm, Denmark; Cancer Center Karolinska and Karolinska Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Stålhammar
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden; St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Visiopharm A/S, Hoersholm, Denmark; Cancer Center Karolinska and Karolinska Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Wedlund
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden; St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Visiopharm A/S, Hoersholm, Denmark; Cancer Center Karolinska and Karolinska Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Gholizadeh
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden; St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Visiopharm A/S, Hoersholm, Denmark; Cancer Center Karolinska and Karolinska Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Lippert
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden; St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Visiopharm A/S, Hoersholm, Denmark; Cancer Center Karolinska and Karolinska Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Rantaleinen
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden; St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Visiopharm A/S, Hoersholm, Denmark; Cancer Center Karolinska and Karolinska Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Bergh
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden; St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Visiopharm A/S, Hoersholm, Denmark; Cancer Center Karolinska and Karolinska Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Hartman
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden; St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Visiopharm A/S, Hoersholm, Denmark; Cancer Center Karolinska and Karolinska Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Falato C, Eriksson L, Sofiadis A, Taylor S, Nordblom A, Fredriksson I, Hartman J, Bergh J, Foukakis T. Prognosis after loco-regional recurrence of breast cancer: 35 years longitudinal data from the Stockholm cancer register. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx365.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Askari N, Bilbrey A, Blair Humber M, Hertel P, Schier-Anzelmo N, Hartman J, Gallagher-Thompson D. EQUINE GUIDED SUPPORT PROJECT:WORKSHOPS FOR PEOPLE LIVING WITH EARLY STAGE DEMENTIA AND CARE PARTNERS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N. Askari
- Stanford University, Palo Alto, California,
| | | | | | - P. Hertel
- Connected Horse, Rocklin, California
| | | | - J. Hartman
- Stanford University, Palo Alto, California,
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Ullah I, Muralidharan KG, Alkodsi A, Kjällquist U, Stålhammar G, Lövrot J, Martinez NF, Lagergren J, Hautaniemi S, Hartman J, Bergh J. Abstract P6-01-04: Evolutionary analyses of matched primary and metastatic breast cancer reveal both linear and parallel progression with lack of axillary lymph node involvement. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p6-01-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This abstract was withdrawn by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ullah
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - KG Muralidharan
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Alkodsi
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - U Kjällquist
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Stålhammar
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Lövrot
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - NF Martinez
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Lagergren
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Hautaniemi
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Hartman
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Bergh
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Czene K, Ivansson E, Klevebring D, Tobin NP, Lindström LS, Holm J, Prochazka G, Hilliges C, Palmgren J, Törnberg S, Humphreys K, Hartman J, Frisell J, Rantalainen M, Lindberg J, Hall P, Bergh J, Grönberg H, Li J. Abstract P2-03-03: Molecular differences between screen-detected and interval breast cancers are largely explained by PAM50 subtypes. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p2-03-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose:Interval breast cancer is of clinical interest as it exhibits an aggressive phenotype and evades detection by screening mammography. A comprehensive picture of somatic changes that drive tumors to become symptomatic in the screening interval can improve understanding of the biology underlying these aggressive tumors.
Experimental design:Initiated in April 2013, Clinical Sequencing of Cancer in Sweden (Clinseq) is a scientific and clinical platform for the genomic profiling of cancer. The breast cancer pilot study consisted of women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2001-2012 in the Stockholm/Gotland regions. A subset of 318 breast tumors were sequenced, of which 113 were screen-detected and were 60 interval cancers.We applied targeted deep-sequencing of cancer-related genes, low-pass whole-genome sequencing and RNA-sequencing technology to characterize somatic differences in the genomic and transcriptomic architecture by interval cancer status. Mammographic density and PAM50 molecular subtypes were considered.
Results:In the crude analyses, TP53, PPP1R3A, and KMT2B were significantly more frequently mutated in interval cancers than in screen-detected cancers. Acquired somatic copy number aberrations with a frequency difference of at least 15% between the two groups included gains in 17q23-q25.3 and losses in 16q24.2. Gene expression analysis identified 447 significantly differentially expressed genes, of which 120 were replicated in an independent microarray dataset. After adjusting for PAM50, most differences were no longer significant.
Conclusions: Molecular differences by interval cancer status were observed, but they were largely explained by PAM50 subtypes. This work offer new insights into the biological differences between the two tumor groups.
Translational relevance: Although screen-detected cancers are biologically distinct from interval cancers in terms of somatic mutations, copy number aberrations and gene expression, most of the differences are no longer significant after adjusting for breast cancer intrinsic subtypes (PAM50). We also show that the molecular differences appear to form a spectrum from less aggressive (screen-detected) to more aggressive (interval) manifestations of the disease, which can be characterized by PAM50 subtypes, namely, luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched and basal-like, in that order. This work clarifies the picture on what type of breast cancer we are likely to identify through population-based screening, and what type of cancer we are likely to miss. Current knowledge of PAM50 subtype-specific risk factors need to be expanded as our findings might influence how we screen women with a higher risk of basal-like breast cancer for example, beyond known risk groups BRCA1 mutation carriers and women of African-American descent.
Citation Format: Czene K, Ivansson E, Klevebring D, Tobin NP, Lindström LS, Holm J, Prochazka G, Hilliges C, Palmgren J, Törnberg S, Humphreys K, Hartman J, Frisell J, Rantalainen M, Lindberg J, Hall P, Bergh J, Grönberg H, Li J. Molecular differences between screen-detected and interval breast cancers are largely explained by PAM50 subtypes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-03-03.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Czene
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm-Gotland Regional Cancer Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Ivansson
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm-Gotland Regional Cancer Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Klevebring
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm-Gotland Regional Cancer Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - NP Tobin
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm-Gotland Regional Cancer Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - LS Lindström
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm-Gotland Regional Cancer Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Holm
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm-Gotland Regional Cancer Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Prochazka
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm-Gotland Regional Cancer Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Hilliges
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm-Gotland Regional Cancer Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Palmgren
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm-Gotland Regional Cancer Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Törnberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm-Gotland Regional Cancer Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Humphreys
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm-Gotland Regional Cancer Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Hartman
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm-Gotland Regional Cancer Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Frisell
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm-Gotland Regional Cancer Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Rantalainen
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm-Gotland Regional Cancer Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Lindberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm-Gotland Regional Cancer Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Hall
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm-Gotland Regional Cancer Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Bergh
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm-Gotland Regional Cancer Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Grönberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm-Gotland Regional Cancer Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Li
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm-Gotland Regional Cancer Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hartman J, Yazdanpanah AP, Barzilov A, Regentova E. 3D imaging using combined neutron-photon fan-beam tomography: A Monte Carlo study. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 111:110-6. [PMID: 26953978 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The application of combined neutron-photon tomography for 3D imaging is examined using MCNP5 simulations for objects of simple shapes and different materials. Two-dimensional transmission projections were simulated for fan-beam scans using 2.5MeV deuterium-deuterium and 14MeV deuterium-tritium neutron sources, and high-energy X-ray sources, such as 1MeV, 6MeV and 9MeV. Photons enable assessment of electron density and related mass density, neutrons aid in estimating the product of density and material-specific microscopic cross section- the ratio between the two provides the composition, while CT allows shape evaluation. Using a developed imaging technique, objects and their material compositions have been visualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hartman
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
| | | | - A Barzilov
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - E Regentova
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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Kjällquist U, Erlandsson R, Alkodsi A, Tobin N, Karlsson E, Hatschek T, Hartman J, Linnarsson S, Bergh J. Abstract P6-07-09: Somatic mutations in A kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) in metastatic tumors - A potential characteristic of breast cancer metastasis. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p6-07-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Genomic heterogeneity in primary solid tumors has been extensively studied using deep sequencing technologies during the last decade. The heterogeneity of cancer tumors is today a well-established concept partly reflected in the low number of genes being recurrently mutated in over 10% of the tumors. However, most available data relates to the primary breast cancer tumors and little has been described about the mutational profiles of the metastatic lesions and their relation to its original malignant cell population. Prospective and retrospective studies have demonstrated that altered receptor status in the metastatic lesion occurs at high rates during cancer progression and is additionally affected by adjuvant therapy with major implications for management of the metastatic disease. Here, we report the exome sequences of paired primary and metastatic lesions from ten breast cancer patients.
Results
We found a marked heterogeneity of somatic mutations as well as chromosomal aberrations in the metastatic lesions. A number of mutated genes were enriched in the metastases including, significantly, members of the A-kinase anchoring protein family (AKAPs), p < 0.02; Fisher's exact test.
The enrichment of AKAP mutations in metastatic lesions was confirmed in an independent cohort containing 20 patients with paired primary and metastatic lesions, which showed the same mutational pattern. In total, 14 nonsynonymous mutations were found in ten of the fourteen AKAP family members. Out of the totally 30 patients examined, ten (30%) carried one or more mutations in AKAP genes either in primary tumor, metastasis, or both. In seven of these ten patients, the AKAP mutation was found uniquely in the metastatic lesion.
Several copy number variations (CNV), mostly deletions in regions containing AKAP genes were detected. For example, the down-regulation of AKAP12 is often associated with promoter hypermethylation or loss of its locus 6q24-25.2 and has been associated with tumor progression and metastasis. In our data deletion of the AKAP12 locus is present in six out of twenty patients.
Discussion
AKAPs are members of a protein family acting as anchors for Protein Kinase A (PKA) by specifically associate PKA regulatory subunits to cellular organelles and direct its active signal transduction spatially and temporally. Several of the AKAP members have been associated to cancer development and metastatic spread, mostly based on differential expression and effects on migration in in vitro assays but both polymorphisms and somatic mutations have been reported in human tumors.
Our findings indicate that in metastatic lesions, the primary tumor genome is extensively transformed, with enrichment of mutations in a distinct set of genes. Together, these findings suggest the involvement of AKAPs in the metastatic process and provide a potential avenue for targeted therapy directed at metastatic breast cancer. Molecular and genetic characterization of the metastatic lesions is not only important in the clinical setting but should also provide the means to reveal genetic patterns specific for the disseminated malignancy.
Citation Format: Kjällquist U, Erlandsson R, Alkodsi A, Tobin N, Karlsson E, Hatschek T, Hartman J, Linnarsson S, Bergh J. Somatic mutations in A kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) in metastatic tumors - A potential characteristic of breast cancer metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-07-09.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Kjällquist
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institute, Sweden; University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Finland; Radiumhemmet – Karolinska Oncology at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Erlandsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institute, Sweden; University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Finland; Radiumhemmet – Karolinska Oncology at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Alkodsi
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institute, Sweden; University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Finland; Radiumhemmet – Karolinska Oncology at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Tobin
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institute, Sweden; University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Finland; Radiumhemmet – Karolinska Oncology at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Karlsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institute, Sweden; University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Finland; Radiumhemmet – Karolinska Oncology at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Hatschek
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institute, Sweden; University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Finland; Radiumhemmet – Karolinska Oncology at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Hartman
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institute, Sweden; University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Finland; Radiumhemmet – Karolinska Oncology at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Linnarsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institute, Sweden; University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Finland; Radiumhemmet – Karolinska Oncology at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Bergh
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institute, Sweden; University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Finland; Radiumhemmet – Karolinska Oncology at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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van Boekel AW, Hartman J. [A toddler with a red, swollen arm after vaccination]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2016; 160:D161. [PMID: 27334083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An almost 4-year-old girl developed swelling, redness and pruritus of the vaccinated arm 2 days after immunisation with DPTP. The girl had no fever. The reaction spread around the upper arm and the elbow. We made the diagnosis of 'extensive limb swelling'. The symptoms disappeared spontaneously within 1 week.
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Hartman J, Kontaxis C, Bol GH, Frank SJ, Lagendijk JJW, van Vulpen M, Raaymakers BW. Dosimetric feasibility of intensity modulated proton therapy in a transverse magnetic field of 1.5 T. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:5955-69. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/15/5955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Wang J, Tsouko E, Jonsson P, Bergh J, Hartman J, Aydogdu E, Williams C. Abstract P4-07-12: miR-206 inhibits cell migration through direct targeting of the actin-binding protein coronin 1C in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p4-07-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have an overall poor prognosis, which is primarily due to a high metastatic capacity of these tumors. Novel therapeutic approaches to target the signaling pathways that promote metastasis are desirable, in order to improve the outcome of TNBC patients. A loss of function of a microRNA, miR-206, is related to increased metastasis potential in breast cancers but the mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this study, we show that miR-206 was decreased in TNBC clinical tumor samples and cell lines whereas one of its predicted targets, actin-binding protein CORO1C, was increased. Expression of miR-206 significantly reduced proliferation by inducing a G1-S cell cycle arrest and migration and also repressed CORO1C mRNA and protein levels. We demonstrate that miR-206 interacts with the 3’-untranslated region (3’-UTR) of CORO1C and regulates this gene post-transcriptionally. Further, silencing of CORO1C reduced tumor cell migration and affected the actin skeleton and cell morphology, similar to miR-206 expression, but did not reduce proliferation. Our findings suggest that miR-206 targets CORO1C in TNBC cells, thereby affecting the actin filaments which results in a repressed tumor cell migration. This pathway is a novel mechanism offering a mechanistic basis whereby the metastatic potential of TNBC tumors could be targeted.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-07-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX; Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Tsouko
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX; Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Jonsson
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX; Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Bergh
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX; Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Hartman
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX; Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Aydogdu
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX; Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Williams
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX; Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Foukakis T, Hartman J, Stone-Elander S, Jacobsson H, Bergh J. Abstract OT1-2-03: A prospective randomized phase II study to identify predictive biomarkers and mechanisms of resistance in patients with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer treated with the combination of bevacizumab and paclitaxel. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-ot1-2-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Several phase III trials have evaluated the combination of bevacizumab and chemotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). These individual studies as well as a meta-analysis indicate high response rates (RR) and increased progression-free survival (PFS), however no significant gain of overall survival (OS) by the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy. To date, there are no methods to reliably select patients with MBC that benefit from treatment with bevacizumab.
Trial design
This project is a prospective, randomized, 2-arm, open-label, single-center, phase II trial aiming to identify predictive markers and mechanisms of resistance to bevacizumab in MBC by longitudinal biopsies and functional imaging. The study will be initiated with a non-randomized, feasibility stage including ten patients who will be treated with bevacizumab and paclitaxel, in order to determine the safety of metastatic tumor biopsies during therapy with bevacizumab. In a second phase, 20 patients will be randomized (1:1) between two treatment arms: Paclitaxel 80 mg / m2 weekly with or without bevacizumab 15 mg / kg every 3 weeks.
Mandatory, repeated peripheral blood sampling and fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) will be collected at baseline, at day 4 after the first cycle and at progression. At baseline, a core biopsy will be obtained as well. Patients will also undergo two 18F]-fluoro-L-thymidine (FLT) Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/CT scans (18F-FLT PET/CT), at baseline and at day 4 after the first cycle.
Eligibility criteria
Eligible are patients aged 18-70 years, with newly diagnosed HER2-negative MBC (stage IV or recurrent) that are candidates for chemotherapy (ECOG 0-2), with measurable disease and at least one lesion that is accessible for biopsy. Adequate bone marrow, hepatic and renal function are required, as well as absence of thromboembolic disease, bleeding diathesis or second concurrent malignancy. No previous systemic treatment for MBC is allowed.
Specific aims
1. To assess early therapeutic response to bevacizumab in MBC by whole-exome sequencing and gene expression of serial metastatic biopsies and functional imaging.
2. To identify potential biomarkers present in plasma that can be used for patient selection or for monitoring therapy with bevacizumab in MBC.
3. To explore mutations and gene expression alterations as mechanisms of resistance to bevacizumab in MBC.
Statistical methods
The main objective of the study is exploratory. For most of the planned analyses, each patient will serve as her own control and baseline values of potential biomarkers will be compared in pairs with intra-patient, longitudinal samples, which significantly increases the statistical power.
For the identification of biomarkers, the results of the molecular analyses will be correlated with clinical outcome measurements including RR, PFS, and OS.
Present accrual and target accrual.
The trial was opened for inclusion in May 2013 and one patient has been accrued by June 1st 2013. A total of 30 patients will be included during a period of 2 years.
Contact:
Principal Investigator: Theodoros.Foukakis@ki.se; Study Director: Jonas.Bergh@ki.se.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr OT1-2-03.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Foukakis
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Hartman
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - J Bergh
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The role of thrombophilia in failing arteriovenous fistula (AVF) among patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis is not established. This study aimed to assess whether AVF primary patency is associated with thrombophilia and coagulation abnormalities. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS This observational study screened 219 patients between 2002 and 2004 for thrombophilia before AVF surgery. Thrombophilia included factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations, protein C and antithrombin activities, and protein S. Coagulation abnormalities included high factor VIII:C, homocysteine, fibrinogen, and d-dimer levels; presence of antiphospholipid antibodies; and short thrombin time. We reviewed patient charts for comorbid conditions, AVF maturation and interventions, kidney transplantation, and patient survival (mean follow-up duration, 3.6 [range, 2.3-5.8] years). Primary patency from the AVF placement and functional primary patency from the first AVF cannulation were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Thrombophilia was present in 9% of the patients, and coagulation abnormalities occurred in 77%. One-year primary patency was 68%; 46% of the AVF failures occurred before the initiation of hemodialysis. Female sex (hazard ratio [HR], 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-4.1) and thrombophilia (HR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2-4.2) were independent risk factors for loss of primary patency. Thrombophilia mutations or low antithrombin level (HR, 3.8), female sex (HR, 2.5), and diabetes (HR, 1.9) were associated with shortened functional primary patency of AVF. CONCLUSIONS Against the background of frequent coagulation abnormalities, thrombophilia and female sex predispose patients with ESRD to access failure, mostly due to thrombosis or stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Salmela
- Coagulation Disorders, Department of Hematology, HUSLAB Laboratory Services, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Franz R, Hartman J, Wright M. Comparison of anesthesia technique on outcomes of endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: a five-year review of monitored anesthesia care with local anesthesia vs. general or regional anesthesia. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2011; 52:567-577. [PMID: 22034673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM This retrospective study compares outcomes according to anesthesia technique of a consecutive series of 48 endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) performed by one vascular surgeon at a single institution over a five-year period. METHODS Demographic, pre-procedure, procedure-related, recovery room, surgical unit, and hospital outcome variables were extracted and compared between patients receiving general or regional anesthesia and those receiving monitored anesthesia care (MAC) with local anesthesia. RESULTS Eighteen (37.5%) patients received general or regional anesthesia and 30 (62.5%) patients received MAC with local anesthesia. No statistically significant differences in demographics or pre-procedure variables were calculated between study groups. Conversion to open repair was not required, no intraoperative complications occurred, and conversion from MAC with local anesthesia to general anesthesia was not required. The only significant differences calculated were in length of anesthesia (P=0.001, power 0.962) and time to ambulation (P=0.004, power 0.871), with significantly lower median times in the MAC and local anesthesia groups. Other than one (2.1%) patient in the MAC with local anesthesia group whose death was related to history of severe coronary disease, no other acute medical complications occurred. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that use of MAC with local anesthesia during EVAR of AAAs is comparable to general and regional anesthesia in terms of safety and efficacy. Furthermore, MAC with local anesthesia confers additional outcome benefits versus general and regional anesthesia, as it is less invasive, offers greater hemodynamic stability, and enables better communication with the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Franz
- The Vascular and Vein Center at Grant Medical Center, Columbia, OH, USA.
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Hartman J. Response to Endovascular treatment of 113 cavernous carotid aneurysms (J NeuroIntervent Surg 2010;2:359). J Neurointerv Surg 2011; 3:207; author reply 207. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2011-010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hartman J, Meijboom B, Galema T, Takkenberg H, Schets AM, De Feyter P, Bogers A. Ultrasonographic and DSCT scan analysis of single lima versus arterial T grafts 12 years after surgery. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2010; 51:399-407. [PMID: 20523291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate long-term graft outcome in patients with left internal mammary artery to left anterior descending coronary artery (LIMA-LAD) and T-grafts by ultrasonography and dual source computed tomography (DSCT) and to analyse if ultrasonography can determine graft patency. METHODS Thirty-two patients, 28 males, 50.8+/-8.8 years at operation, were studied. Fifteen patients with single LIMA-LAD and additional vein grafts (group I) and 17 patients with LIMA-free right internal mammary artery (FRIMA) T-grafts (group II) underwent DSCT, transthoracic ultrasonography of the LIMA and an electrocardiogram. Differences were tested with unpaired and paired t tests. RESULTS In group I, 4.1+/-1.1 and in group II, 4.5+/-1.1 anastomoses/patients were performed. DSCT showed three string sign LIMA (20%) grafts and six occluded venous anastomoses (13%) in group I and three (distal) string sign LIMA grafts (18%), seven occluded LIMA anastomoses (23%) and nine occluded FRIMA anastomoses (23%) in group II. Ultrasonographic variables in the proximal part of the LIMA graft did not differ between the groups. No effect was found for proximal string sign LIMA grafts in ultrasonographic graft performance. CONCLUSION Ultrasonography cannot distinguish between string sign and patent single LIMA or T-grafts nor demonstrate distal anastomosis patency in T-grafts 12 years after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hartman
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Thoraxcentre, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands - /
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Millour J, Constantinidou D, Stavropoulou AV, Wilson MSC, Myatt SS, Kwok JMM, Sivanandan K, Coombes RC, Medema RH, Hartman J, Lykkesfeldt AE, Lam EWF. FOXM1 is a transcriptional target of ERalpha and has a critical role in breast cancer endocrine sensitivity and resistance. Oncogene 2010; 29:2983-95. [PMID: 20208560 PMCID: PMC2874720 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the regulation of FOXM1 expression by estrogen receptor α (ERα) and its role in hormonal therapy and endocrine resistance. FOXM1 protein and mRNA expression was regulated by ER-ligands, including estrogen, tamoxifen (OHT), and fulvestrant (ICI182780; ICI) in breast carcinoma cell lines. Depletion of ERα by RNA interference (RNAi) in MCF-7 cells down-regulated FOXM1 expression. Reporter gene assays demonstrated that ERα activates FOXM1 transcription through an estrogen-response element (ERE) located within the proximal promoter region. The direct binding of ERα to the FOXM1 promoter was confirmed in vitro by mobility shift and DNA pull-down assays and in vivo by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis. Our data also revealed that upon OHT treatment ERα recruits histone deacetylases (HDACs) to the ERE site of the FOXM1 promoter, which is associated with a decrease in histone acetylation and transcription activity. Importantly, silencing of FOXM1 by RNAi abolished estrogen-induced MCF-7 cell proliferation and overcame acquired tamoxifen resistance. Conversely, ectopic expression of FOXM1 abrogated the cell cycle arrest mediated by the anti-estrogen OHT. OHT repressed FOXM1 expression in endocrine sensitive but not resistant breast carcinoma cell lines. Further, qRT-PCR analysis of breast cancer patient samples revealed there was a strong and significant positive correlation between ERα and FOXM1 mRNA expression. Collectively, these results demonstrate FOXM1 to be a key mediator of the mitogenic functions of ERα and estrogen in breast cancer cells, and also suggest that the deregulation of FOXM1 may contribute to anti-estrogen insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Millour
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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Strom A, Hartman J, Lam E, Lin C, Gustafsson J, Gustafsson J. Function of HES6 an Inhibitor of HES1, in the Breast Cancer Cell Lines T47D and MCF-7 Is to Up-Regulate E2F-1 and Increased Proliferation. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-2153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Hormone resistance remains as a major obstacle in breast cancer treatment. The majority of breast tumors are dependent on estrogens to grow, therefore anti-estrogens such as Tamoxifen is an effective treatment option. We have found that a transcription factor Hes6, earlier described in the nervous tissue, is up-regulated in hormone-independent breast cancer cells compared to normal estrogen sensitive breast cancer cells. By using a lenti-virus system, we have over-expressed Hes6 in T47D cells which are estrogen sensitive. This resulted in increased proliferation. We also found that estrogen treatment of MCF-7 breast cancer cells induced expression of endogenous Hes6 in the G1-phase. We could not find any binding of estrogen receptor α to the HES6 gene but instead found a binding site up-steam of the promoter in the ASCL1 gene. ASCL1 is a known inducer of HES6 and we are showing that ASCL1 is up-regulated by 17β-estradiol in MCF-7 cells. To find the mechanism behind the tumorogenic effects of Hes6, we analysed important factors of the cell-cycle. We found that the G1-phase factor E2F-1 was up-regulated in response to increased Hes6 expression. Since HES6 have been shown to be an inhibitor of HES1, this is in agreement with a previous study where we found that HES1 inhibited proliferation by binding to the promoter of and down-regulating E2F-1 expression. E2F-1 is an important limiting factor in late G1-phase of the cell cycle and can drive cell proliferation.We believe that the HES1-HES6 interplay is important in antiestrogen-resistant breast cancer. Studies are now ongoing to investigate if Hes6 is up-regulated in estrogen-independent human breast cancer samples.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2153.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Hartman
- 2Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - E. Lam
- 3Cancer Research-UK Labs, United Kingdom
| | - C. Lin
- 4Brigham Young University, UT,
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Weselius EM, Hartman J. [Vascular access surgery--technique and teamwork]. Duodecim 2009; 125:415-423. [PMID: 19358419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
With the growing number of diabetics and patients with multiple problems vascular access surgery increases and therapies become more challenging. If haemodialysis is the therapy of choice for renal failure, veins of the patient's upper limbs should be preserved. Autologic fistula of the upper limb--most commonly between the radial artery and the cephalic vein--is the best option with the lowest complication risks. The purpose of vascular access surgery is to reconstruct and maintain the function of a vascular access, in collaboration with nephrologists and radiologists. To achieve this the nursing and medical personnel should be educated to use dupplex ultrasound in the diagnosis of malfunctioning accesses and needling problems during haemodialysis.
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Ortega J, Hartman J, Rodriguez J, Maitland D. Post-treatment hemodynamics of a basilar aneurysm and bifurcation. Ann Biomed Eng 2008; 36:1531-46. [PMID: 18629647 PMCID: PMC2704058 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-008-9535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether or not a successful aneurysm treatment procedure can subject a parent artery to harmful hemodynamic stresses, computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed on a patient-specific basilar aneurysm and bifurcation before and after a virtual endovascular treatment. Prior to treatment, the aneurysm at systole is filled with a periodic train of vortex tubes, which form at the aneurysm neck and advect upwards into the dome. Following the treatment procedure however, the motion of the vortex train is inhibited by the aneurysm filling material, which confines the vortex tubes to the region beneath the aneurysm neck. Analysis of the post-treatment flow field indicates that the impingement of the basilar artery flow upon the treated aneurysm neck and the close proximity of a vortex tube to the parent artery wall increase the maximum wall shear stresses to values approximately equal to 50 Pa at systole. Calculation of the time-averaged wall shear stresses indicates that there is a 1.4 x 10(-7) m(2) area on the parent artery exposed to wall shear stresses greater than 37.9 Pa, a value shown by Fry [Circ. Res. 22(2):165-197, 1968] to cause severe damage to the endothelial cells that line the artery wall. The results of this study demonstrate that it is possible for a treatment procedure, which successfully isolates the aneurysm from the circulation and leaves no aneurysm neck remnant, to elevate the hemodynamic stresses to levels that are injurious to the artery wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ortega
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-645, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
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Parker R, Adams J, Ogola G, McBrayer D, Hubbard J, McCullough T, Hartman J, Cleveland T. Current Activity Guidelines for CABG Patients are too Restrictive: Comparison of the Forces Exerted on the Median Sternotomy during a Cough vs. Lifting Activities Combined with Valsalva Maneuver. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008; 56:190-4. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1038470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hartman J, Galbreath M, Chandran R, Beavers K, Hudson G, Serra M, Li R, Jitomir J, Shelmadine B, Nassar E, Wismann J, Parker A, Deike E, Boulton C, Dove J, Buford T, Campbell B, La Bounty P, Cooke M, Rasmussen C, Bowden R, Wilson R, Kreider R. Effects of the Curves® fitness & weight loss program in senior‐aged women: quality of life. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.2_supplement.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Hartman
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - M Galbreath
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - R Chandran
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - K Beavers
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - G Hudson
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - M Serra
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - R Li
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - J Jitomir
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - B Shelmadine
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - E Nassar
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - J Wismann
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - A Parker
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - E Deike
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - C Boulton
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - J Dove
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - T Buford
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - B Campbell
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - P La Bounty
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - M Cooke
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - C Rasmussen
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - R Bowden
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - R Wilson
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - R Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
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Deike E, Galbreath M, Hartman J, Serra M, Li R, Jitomir J, Shelmadine B, Buford T, Nassar E, Wismann J, Chandran R, Beavers K, Hudson G, Parker A, Boulton C, Dove J, Campbell B, La Bounty P, Cooke M, Rasmussen C, Lanning B, Wilson R, Kreider R. Effects of the Curves® fitness & weight loss program in senior‐aged women: body image & self esteem. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.2_supplement.790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Deike
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - M Galbreath
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - J Hartman
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - M Serra
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - R Li
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - J Jitomir
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - B Shelmadine
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - T Buford
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - E Nassar
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - J Wismann
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - R Chandran
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - K Beavers
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - G Hudson
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - A Parker
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - C Boulton
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - J Dove
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - B Campbell
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - P La Bounty
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - M Cooke
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - C Rasmussen
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - B Lanning
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - R Wilson
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - R Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
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Hartman J, Small W, Wilson TS, Brock J, Buckley PR, Benett WJ, Loge JM, Maitland DJ. Embolectomy in a rabbit acute arterial occlusion model using a novel electromechanical extraction device. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007; 28:872-4. [PMID: 17494660 PMCID: PMC8134337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A prototype endovascular electromechanical clot-extraction device was fabricated using a combination of shape memory polymer and shape memory nickel-titanium alloy (nitinol). Five embolic vascular occlusions were created in 4 rabbits by injecting thermally coagulated blood through a 4F catheter in the common carotid artery. Angiography immediately after clot injection showed complete or partial occlusion of the common carotid artery. Posttreatment angiography showed complete (2/5), partial (2/5), or no (1/5) restoration of blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hartman
- Department of Radiology, University of California-Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Noailles P, Graham D, Hartman J, Pfieffer K, Becker K, Cadet J. [P18]: The molecular consequences of
in utero
METH exposure on early development of the rat cortex. Int J Dev Neurosci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2006.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Hartman J, Lindberg K, Inzunza J, Wan J, Ström A, Gustafsson J. Estrogen receptor β represses breast tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.10101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
10101 Background: Estrogens are well known stimulators of breast cancer cell growth in vitro as well as in vivo. Two different estrogen receptors exist, namely estrogen receptor (ER) α and β. ERα mediates the proliferative effect of estrogen in breast cancer cells and we have earlier shown that ERβ inhibits cell-cycle progression in vitro. Estrogens are well known stimulators of in vivo breast cancer cell growth as well as angiogenesis, and the effect is mediated through ERα. The function of ERβ in this context is not well understood. Methods: We have used ERα-positive T47D breast cancer cells stably transfected with a Tet/Off regulated ERβ expression vector system. The ERβ-inducible tumor cells are studied in vitro as well as in vivo. Results: By transplanting ERβ-inducible breast cancer cells into SCID-mice, we show that ERβ inhibits tumor growth and reduces the volume of established tumors. Furthermore, we show by immunohistochemistry, that the number of blood microvessels in the tumor periphery is decreased by ERβ expression, counteracting the well-known pro-angiogenic effect of ERα. By Western blot analysis on tumor extracts, we show that the concentration of the important pro-angiogenic growth factors VEGF and bFGF, normally expressed by breast tumor cells, is decreased in the ERβ-expressing tumors compared to the normal tumors. To exclude that the observed anti-angiogenic effect is just a result of reduced tumor growth, we incubated Tet/Off regulated ERβ expressing cells in vitro, during non-hypoxic conditions. We found that the expression of ERβ leads to decreased expression of VEGF and PDGFβ at the mRNA and protein-levels. In transient transfection assays, we found estrogen-ERα mediated up regulation of VEGF, PDGFβ and bFGF-promoter activities in T47D cells, and these activities were all suppressed following co-transfection with an ERβ-expression vector. Conclusions: We conclude that ERβ inhibits growth factor expression at transcriptional level in breast cancer cells; taken together, our data indicates that ERβ inhibits growth and angiogenesis of tumors formed by T47D breast cancer cells. This makes ERβ an interesting therapeutic target in breast cancer and perhaps treatment with the newly designed ERβ-selective ligands might work as a new anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Hartman
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - J. Inzunza
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J. Wan
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Ström
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Hemodialysis (HD) is an intermittent procedure during which large fluid and electrolyte shifts occur. We hypothesized that sudden death occurrences in HD patients are related to the timing of HD, and that they occur more frequently in the 12 h period starting with dialysis and in the 12 h period at the end of the dialysis-free weekend interval. In a retrospective study, 228 patient deaths were screened to determine if they met the criteria for sudden death. Information was obtained from clinic charts, dialysis center records, and interview of witnesses of the death event. There were 80 HD patients who met the criteria for sudden death. A bimodal distribution of death occurrences was present, with a 1.7-fold increased death risk occurring in the 12 h period starting with the dialysis procedure and a threefold increased risk of death in the 12 h before HD at the end of the weekend interval (P=0.011). Patients with sudden death had a high prevalence of congestive heart failure and coronary artery disease. Only 40% of patients experiencing sudden death were receiving beta-blockers, and the prior monthly serum potassium value was less than 4 mEq/l in 25%. Sudden death is temporally related to the HD procedure. Every other day HD could be beneficial in preventing sudden death. Careful attention to the usage of beta-blockers and to the maintenance of normal serum potassium values is indicated in HD patients at risk for sudden death.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Bleyer
- Section on Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
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Hartman J, Warndorff D. [Reaction to "Schizophrenia and migration"]. Tijdschr Psychiatr 2006; 48:339-40; author reply 340-1. [PMID: 16955999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
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Heffernan R, Mostashari F, Das D, Besculides M, Rodriguez C, Greenko J, Steiner-Sichel L, Balter S, Karpati A, Thomas P, Phillips M, Ackelsberg J, Lee E, Leng J, Hartman J, Metzger K, Rosselli R, Weiss D. New York City syndromic surveillance systems. MMWR Suppl 2004; 53:23-7. [PMID: 15714622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
New York City's first syndromic surveillance systems were established in 1995 to detect outbreaks of waterborne illness. In 1998, daily monitoring of ambulance dispatch calls for influenza-like illness began. After the 2001 World Trade Center attacks, concern about biologic terrorism led to the development of surveillance systems to track chief complaints of patients reporting to emergency departments, over-the-counter and prescription pharmacy sales, and worker absenteeism. These systems have proved useful for detecting substantial citywide increases in common viral illnesses (e.g., influenza, norovirus, and rotavirus). However, the systems have not detected more contained outbreaks earlier than traditional surveillance. Future plans include monitoring school health and outpatient clinic visits, augmenting laboratory testing to confirm syndromic signals, and conducting evaluation studies to identify which of these systems will be continued for the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Heffernan
- Data Analysis Unit, Bureau of Communicable Disease, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 125 Worth St., Room 318, Box 22A, New York, NY 10013, USA.
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Kulldorff M, Zhang Z, Hartman J, Heffernan R, Huang L, Mostashari F. Benchmark data and power calculations for evaluating disease outbreak detection methods. MMWR Suppl 2004; 53:144-51. [PMID: 15714644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early detection of disease outbreaks enables public health officials to implement immediate disease control and prevention measures. Computer-based syndromic surveillance systems are being implemented to complement reporting by physicians and other health-care professionals to improve the timeliness of disease-outbreak detection. Space-time disease-surveillance methods have been proposed as a supplement to purely temporal statistical methods for outbreak detection to detect localized outbreaks before they spread to larger regions. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were twofold: 1) to design and make available benchmark data sets for evaluating the statistical power of space-time early detection methods and 2) to evaluate the power of the prospective purely temporal and space-time scan statistics by applying them to the benchmark data sets at different parameter settings. METHODS Simulated data sets based on the geography and population of New York City were created, including effects of outbreaks of varying size and location. Data sets with no outbreak effects were also created. Scan statistics were then run on these data sets, and the resulting power performances were analyzed and compared. RESULTS The prospective space-time scan statistic performs well for a spectrum of outbreak models. By comparison, the prospective purely temporal scan statistic has higher power for detecting citywide outbreaks but lower power for detecting geographically localized outbreaks. CONCLUSIONS The benchmark data sets created for this study can be used successfully for formal statistical power evaluations and comparisons. If an anomaly caused by an outbreak is local, purely temporal surveillance methods might be unable to detect it, in which case space-time methods would be necessary for early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kulldorff
- Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, 133 Brookline Avenue, 6th Floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Tur-Kaspa I, Hartman M, Hartman J, Hartman A. The prevalence of intracavitary and intramural uterine abnormalities: A prospective study of 1009 consecutive women. Fertil Steril 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hartman A, Hartman M, Hartman J, Tur-Kaspa I. 3D ultrasound vs Sonohysterography for the diagnosis of uterine anomalies: A prospective blinded study of 1000 consecutive women. Fertil Steril 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pillay M, Ssebuliba R, Hartman J, Vuylsteke D, Talengera D, Tushemereirwe W. Conventional breeding strategies to enhance the sustainability of Musa biodiversity conservation for endemic cultivars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.4314/acsj.v12i1.27663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Flowers J, Hartman J, Vaillancourt L. Detection of Latent Sphaeropsis sapinea Infections in Austrian Pine Tissues Using Nested-Polymerase Chain Reaction. Phytopathology 2003; 93:1471-1477. [PMID: 18943610 DOI: 10.1094/phyto.2003.93.12.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sphaeropsis sapinea is the causal agent of Sphaeropsis tip blight disease of pines. Past surveys of diseased and symptomless Austrian and Scots pines revealed that latent infections of symptomless shoots by S. sapinea are common. The role of these latent infections in the tip blight disease is unknown. A sampling technique and nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol were developed to detect latent S. sapinea in symptomless pine shoots. The sampling protocol was designed to be minimally destructive to the shoot so it could be preserved for further studies. The primers that were developed were specific for S. sapinea DNA and did not amplify DNA from any of 13 other endophytic fungal species that were commonly isolated from symptomless pine shoots. The PCR primers also amplified DNA of Botryosphaeria obtusa, which was, however, rare in symptomless Austrian pine tissues. The protocol detected as little as 0.93 pg of S. sapinea DNA in terminal bud samples and 10.4 pg of DNA in bark samples. Correlation (chi-square) analyses indicated that the nested-PCR protocol detected latent S. sapinea infections in both bud and bark samples with an efficiency that was statistically equivalent to isolating the fungus from the tissue. The nested-PCR protocol will make it possible to more quickly identify latent S. sapinea infections in symptomless pine shoots and should be useful in future studies of the latency phenomenon.
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Schermer TR, Jacobs JE, Chavannes NH, Hartman J, Folgering HT, Bottema BJ, van Weel C. Validity of spirometric testing in a general practice population of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Thorax 2003; 58:861-6. [PMID: 14514938 PMCID: PMC1746497 DOI: 10.1136/thorax.58.10.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the validity of spirometric tests performed in general practice. METHOD A repeated within subject comparison of spirometric tests with a "gold standard" (spirometric tests performed in a pulmonary function laboratory) was performed in 388 subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from 61 general practices and four laboratories. General practitioners and practice assistants undertook a spirometry training programme. Within subject differences in forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity (DeltaFEV1 and DeltaFVC) between laboratory and general practice tests were measured (practice minus laboratory value). The proportion of tests with FEV1 reproducibility <5% or <200 ml served as a quality marker. RESULTS Mean DeltaFEV1 was 0.069 l (95% CI 0.054 to 0.084) and DeltaFVC 0.081 l (95% CI 0.053 to 0.109) in the first year evaluation, indicating consistently higher values for general practice measurements. Second year results were similar. Laboratory and general practice FEV1 values differed by up to 0.5 l, FVC values by up to 1.0 l. The proportion of non-reproducible tests was 16% for laboratory tests and 18% for general practice tests (p=0.302) in the first year, and 18% for both in the second year evaluation (p=1.000). CONCLUSIONS Relevant spirometric indices measured by trained general practice staff were marginally but statistically significantly higher than those measured in pulmonary function laboratories. Because of the limited agreement between laboratory and general practice values, use of these measurements interchangeably should probably be avoided. With sufficient training of practice staff the current practice of performing spirometric tests in the primary care setting seems justifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Schermer
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Faltin J, Lodin Z, Hartman J, Foucaud B, Gombos G, Sensenbrenner M. Morphological maturation and survival of chicken and rat embryonic neurons on different culture substrata. Int J Dev Neurosci 2003; 3:111-21. [DOI: 10.1016/0736-5748(85)90002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/1984] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Faltin
- Institute of Physiology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences; Prague Czechoslovakia
| | - Z. Lodin
- Institute of Physiology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences; Prague Czechoslovakia
| | - J. Hartman
- Institute of Physiology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences; Prague Czechoslovakia
| | - B. Foucaud
- Institute of Physiology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences; Prague Czechoslovakia
- Centre de Neurochimie du C.N.R.S.; 5, rue Blaise Pascal 67084 Strasbourg Cédex France
| | - G. Gombos
- Institute of Physiology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences; Prague Czechoslovakia
- Centre de Neurochimie du C.N.R.S.; 5, rue Blaise Pascal 67084 Strasbourg Cédex France
| | - M. Sensenbrenner
- Institute of Physiology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences; Prague Czechoslovakia
- Centre de Neurochimie du C.N.R.S.; 5, rue Blaise Pascal 67084 Strasbourg Cédex France
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Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) regulates IGF availability for glucose homeostasis. The IGFBP-1 promoter shares common regulatory response elements with phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), the expression and activity of which is inhibited by lithium chloride, associated with an inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 activity, in the rat hepatoma cell line H4-II-E. We therefore determined the effect of lithium chloride on IGFBP-1 expression and secretion in H4-II-E cells. Lithium chloride inhibited IGFBP-1 secretion in a dose response and reversible manner by approx 80% during 5-h and 16-h incubations. An inhibitory effect on IGFBP-1 mRNA expression was observed at 2 h. The inhibitory effect of lithium and insulin were not additive when used alone, but inhibition by lithium occurred when insulin action was blocked by activating AMP-activated protein kinase with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-riboside (AICAR). These findings suggest that GSK-3 inhibition, or another pathway activated by lithium, may be involved in a pathway controlling IGFBP-1, inhibiting synthesis when insulin activity is absent or impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Lewitt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-171 76, Stockholm.
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