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Fu J, Bonder MJ, Cenit MC, Tigchelaar EF, Maatman A, Dekens JAM, Brandsma E, Marczynska J, Imhann F, Weersma RK, Franke L, Poon TW, Xavier RJ, Gevers D, Hofker MH, Wijmenga C, Zhernakova A. The Gut Microbiome Contributes to a Substantial Proportion of the Variation in Blood Lipids. Circ Res 2015; 117:817-24. [PMID: 26358192 PMCID: PMC4596485 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 532] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Evidence suggests that the gut microbiome is involved in the development of cardiovascular disease, with the host–microbe interaction regulating immune and metabolic pathways. However, there was no firm evidence for associations between microbiota and metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease from large-scale studies in humans. In particular, there was no strong evidence for association between cardiovascular disease and aberrant blood lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Fu
- From the Department of Pediatrics (J.F., E.B., M.H.H.), Department of Genetics (J.F., M.J.B., M.C.C., E.F.T., A.M., J.A.M.D., J.M., L.F., C.W., A.Z.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (F.I., R.K.W.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.F.T., J.A.M.D., A.Z.); Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (J.M.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (T.W.P., R.J.X., D.G.); and Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (R.J.X.) and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology (R.J.X.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Marc Jan Bonder
- From the Department of Pediatrics (J.F., E.B., M.H.H.), Department of Genetics (J.F., M.J.B., M.C.C., E.F.T., A.M., J.A.M.D., J.M., L.F., C.W., A.Z.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (F.I., R.K.W.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.F.T., J.A.M.D., A.Z.); Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (J.M.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (T.W.P., R.J.X., D.G.); and Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (R.J.X.) and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology (R.J.X.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - María Carmen Cenit
- From the Department of Pediatrics (J.F., E.B., M.H.H.), Department of Genetics (J.F., M.J.B., M.C.C., E.F.T., A.M., J.A.M.D., J.M., L.F., C.W., A.Z.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (F.I., R.K.W.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.F.T., J.A.M.D., A.Z.); Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (J.M.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (T.W.P., R.J.X., D.G.); and Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (R.J.X.) and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology (R.J.X.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Ettje F Tigchelaar
- From the Department of Pediatrics (J.F., E.B., M.H.H.), Department of Genetics (J.F., M.J.B., M.C.C., E.F.T., A.M., J.A.M.D., J.M., L.F., C.W., A.Z.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (F.I., R.K.W.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.F.T., J.A.M.D., A.Z.); Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (J.M.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (T.W.P., R.J.X., D.G.); and Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (R.J.X.) and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology (R.J.X.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Astrid Maatman
- From the Department of Pediatrics (J.F., E.B., M.H.H.), Department of Genetics (J.F., M.J.B., M.C.C., E.F.T., A.M., J.A.M.D., J.M., L.F., C.W., A.Z.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (F.I., R.K.W.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.F.T., J.A.M.D., A.Z.); Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (J.M.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (T.W.P., R.J.X., D.G.); and Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (R.J.X.) and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology (R.J.X.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Jackie A M Dekens
- From the Department of Pediatrics (J.F., E.B., M.H.H.), Department of Genetics (J.F., M.J.B., M.C.C., E.F.T., A.M., J.A.M.D., J.M., L.F., C.W., A.Z.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (F.I., R.K.W.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.F.T., J.A.M.D., A.Z.); Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (J.M.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (T.W.P., R.J.X., D.G.); and Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (R.J.X.) and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology (R.J.X.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Eelke Brandsma
- From the Department of Pediatrics (J.F., E.B., M.H.H.), Department of Genetics (J.F., M.J.B., M.C.C., E.F.T., A.M., J.A.M.D., J.M., L.F., C.W., A.Z.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (F.I., R.K.W.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.F.T., J.A.M.D., A.Z.); Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (J.M.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (T.W.P., R.J.X., D.G.); and Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (R.J.X.) and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology (R.J.X.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Joanna Marczynska
- From the Department of Pediatrics (J.F., E.B., M.H.H.), Department of Genetics (J.F., M.J.B., M.C.C., E.F.T., A.M., J.A.M.D., J.M., L.F., C.W., A.Z.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (F.I., R.K.W.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.F.T., J.A.M.D., A.Z.); Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (J.M.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (T.W.P., R.J.X., D.G.); and Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (R.J.X.) and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology (R.J.X.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Floris Imhann
- From the Department of Pediatrics (J.F., E.B., M.H.H.), Department of Genetics (J.F., M.J.B., M.C.C., E.F.T., A.M., J.A.M.D., J.M., L.F., C.W., A.Z.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (F.I., R.K.W.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.F.T., J.A.M.D., A.Z.); Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (J.M.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (T.W.P., R.J.X., D.G.); and Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (R.J.X.) and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology (R.J.X.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- From the Department of Pediatrics (J.F., E.B., M.H.H.), Department of Genetics (J.F., M.J.B., M.C.C., E.F.T., A.M., J.A.M.D., J.M., L.F., C.W., A.Z.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (F.I., R.K.W.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.F.T., J.A.M.D., A.Z.); Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (J.M.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (T.W.P., R.J.X., D.G.); and Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (R.J.X.) and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology (R.J.X.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Lude Franke
- From the Department of Pediatrics (J.F., E.B., M.H.H.), Department of Genetics (J.F., M.J.B., M.C.C., E.F.T., A.M., J.A.M.D., J.M., L.F., C.W., A.Z.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (F.I., R.K.W.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.F.T., J.A.M.D., A.Z.); Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (J.M.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (T.W.P., R.J.X., D.G.); and Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (R.J.X.) and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology (R.J.X.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Tiffany W Poon
- From the Department of Pediatrics (J.F., E.B., M.H.H.), Department of Genetics (J.F., M.J.B., M.C.C., E.F.T., A.M., J.A.M.D., J.M., L.F., C.W., A.Z.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (F.I., R.K.W.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.F.T., J.A.M.D., A.Z.); Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (J.M.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (T.W.P., R.J.X., D.G.); and Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (R.J.X.) and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology (R.J.X.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- From the Department of Pediatrics (J.F., E.B., M.H.H.), Department of Genetics (J.F., M.J.B., M.C.C., E.F.T., A.M., J.A.M.D., J.M., L.F., C.W., A.Z.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (F.I., R.K.W.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.F.T., J.A.M.D., A.Z.); Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (J.M.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (T.W.P., R.J.X., D.G.); and Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (R.J.X.) and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology (R.J.X.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Dirk Gevers
- From the Department of Pediatrics (J.F., E.B., M.H.H.), Department of Genetics (J.F., M.J.B., M.C.C., E.F.T., A.M., J.A.M.D., J.M., L.F., C.W., A.Z.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (F.I., R.K.W.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.F.T., J.A.M.D., A.Z.); Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (J.M.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (T.W.P., R.J.X., D.G.); and Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (R.J.X.) and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology (R.J.X.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Marten H Hofker
- From the Department of Pediatrics (J.F., E.B., M.H.H.), Department of Genetics (J.F., M.J.B., M.C.C., E.F.T., A.M., J.A.M.D., J.M., L.F., C.W., A.Z.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (F.I., R.K.W.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.F.T., J.A.M.D., A.Z.); Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (J.M.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (T.W.P., R.J.X., D.G.); and Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (R.J.X.) and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology (R.J.X.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- From the Department of Pediatrics (J.F., E.B., M.H.H.), Department of Genetics (J.F., M.J.B., M.C.C., E.F.T., A.M., J.A.M.D., J.M., L.F., C.W., A.Z.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (F.I., R.K.W.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.F.T., J.A.M.D., A.Z.); Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (J.M.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (T.W.P., R.J.X., D.G.); and Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (R.J.X.) and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology (R.J.X.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- From the Department of Pediatrics (J.F., E.B., M.H.H.), Department of Genetics (J.F., M.J.B., M.C.C., E.F.T., A.M., J.A.M.D., J.M., L.F., C.W., A.Z.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (F.I., R.K.W.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.F.T., J.A.M.D., A.Z.); Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (J.M.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (T.W.P., R.J.X., D.G.); and Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (R.J.X.) and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology (R.J.X.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
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Marczynska J, Ozga A, Wlodarczyk A, Majchrzak-Gorecka M, Kulig P, Banas M, Michalczyk-Wetula D, Majewski P, Hutloff A, Schwarz J, Chalaris A, Scheller J, Rose-John S, Cichy J. The role of metalloproteinase ADAM17 in regulating ICOS ligand-mediated humoral immune responses. J Immunol 2014; 193:2753-63. [PMID: 25108021 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells regulate cell surface receptor expression during their maturation, activation, and motility. Although many of these receptors are regulated largely at the level of expression, protease-mediated ectodomain shedding represents an alternative means of refashioning the surface of immune cells. Shedding is largely attributed to a family of a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain (ADAM) metalloproteases, including ADAM17. Although ADAM17 is well known to contribute to the innate immune response, mainly by releasing TNF-α, much less is known about whether/how this metalloprotease regulates adaptive immunity. To determine whether ADAM17 contributes to regulating adaptive immune responses, we took advantage of ADAM17 hypomorphic (ADAM17(ex/ex)) mice, in which ADAM17 expression is reduced by 90-95% compared with wild-type littermates. In this study, we show that that ADAM17 deficiency results in spleen and lymph node enlargement, as well as increased levels of Ag-specific class-switched Ig production following immunization with OVA together with anti-CD40 mAbs and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. Moreover, we demonstrate that the costimulatory ligand ICOS ligand (ICOSL) is selectively downregulated on the surface of B cells in an ADAM17-specific manner, although it is not proteolitically processed by recombinant ADAM17 in vitro. Finally, we show that higher cell surface levels of ICOSL in ADAM17(ex/ex) mice may contribute to the development of excessive Ab responses. Therefore, our data suggest a functional link between ADAM17 and ICOSL in controlling adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Marczynska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Ozga
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wlodarczyk
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Majchrzak-Gorecka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Kulig
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Banas
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominika Michalczyk-Wetula
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Pawel Majewski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Andreas Hutloff
- Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; German Rheumatism Research Center, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeanette Schwarz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Christian Albrechts University, 24118 Kiel, Germany; and
| | - Athena Chalaris
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Christian Albrechts University, 24118 Kiel, Germany; and
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Christian Albrechts University, 24118 Kiel, Germany; and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Christian Albrechts University, 24118 Kiel, Germany; and
| | - Joanna Cichy
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
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