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Rahman A, Strong J, Mondal PP, Maynard A, Haque T, Moore AM, Afsana K. Perceptions and attitudes of Rohingya community stakeholders to pregnancy termination services: a qualitative study in camps of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. Confl Health 2024; 18:19. [PMID: 38433199 PMCID: PMC10910813 DOI: 10.1186/s13031-024-00574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rohingya women suffer from inaccessibility to sexual and reproductive health services in Myanmar. After the forcible displacement of the Rohingya from Myanmar to Bangladesh in 2017, pregnancy termination services have been increasingly important and desired, while knowledge gaps and obstacles to access services still exist. The role of community stakeholders is critical as gatekeepers and decision-makers to improve and strengthen pregnancy termination services for women in camps. However, there is paucity of evidence on their perspectives about pregnancy termination. This qualitative study aims to understand the perception and attitudes of Rohingya community stakeholders to pregnancy termination in the camps of Cox's Bazar. METHODS We used purposive sampling to select 48 participants from the community stakeholders, 12 from each group: majhis (Rohingya leaders), imams (religious leaders), school teachers, and married men. We conducted in-depth interviews of all the participants between May-June 2022 and October-November 2022. Data were coded on Atlas.ti and analysed using a thematic content analysis approach. RESULTS Multiple socio-cultural and religious factors, gendered norms and stigma associated with pregnancy termination acted as barriers to women seeking services for it. From a religious stance, there was greater acceptance of pregnancy termination in the earlier period than in the later period of pregnancy. We observed that pregnancy termination among community stakeholders in earlier stages of pregnancy than later. However, circumstances, such as a woman's marital status, whether she sought her husband's permission or her ability of childcare capacity, were often framed by community stakeholders as 'acceptable' for pregnancy termination. Health concerns and social and contextual factors can influence community stakeholders supporting pregnancy termination. CONCLUSIONS The community stakeholders perspectives on barriers and enablers of pregnancy termination were variable with the context. These perspectives may support or impede women's ability to choice to seek pregnancy termination services. To improve women's choice to pregnancy termination, it is critical to consider roles of community stakeholders in creating their supporting attitudes to women's choice and access, and to designing targeted culturally appropriate interventions with communities support and engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiya Rahman
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Joe Strong
- London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | | | | | - Tasnima Haque
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Kaosar Afsana
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Strong J. "Even when you write with a pencil there is an eraser to clean it": Examining men's conceptualisations of and involvement in emergency contraceptive use in Accra, Ghana. Soc Sci Med 2024; 344:116635. [PMID: 38324975 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Emergency contraceptive pills are an essential and unique post-coital method to avoid a pregnancy, with evidence showing the significant role men can have in procurement and decisions to use. Global Health recommendations specify that emergency contraceptive pills be used sparingly and under specific conditions. This increasingly misaligns with the myriad conceptualisations and rationales among the public for why they choose to use emergency contraceptive pills. There has been a paucity of research aiming to understanding men's involvement and how they shape women's access, choice, and autonomy. This study interrogates how emergency contraceptive pills are conceptualised by men in James Town, Ghana, and how this intersects with their motivations to be involved in its use. Mixed method data from a survey (n = 270) and in-depth interviews (n = 37) were collected between July 2020 and January 2021. The analysis examines men's framings of emergency contraceptive pills and how these shape their involvement in its use. Men's knowledge of post-coital contraceptives was high, while knowledge of the specific term 'emergency contraception' was lower. While some men understood the pills in ways that aligned to Global Health framings, many more men saw emergency contraceptive pills as another means of pregnancy prevention in line with other contraceptives. This included its conceptualisation as a contraceptive that facilitates pleasurable (condomless) and spontaneous sex. Gendered perceptions of women who use emergency contraceptive pills were bound in sexual stigma, and men indicated that emergency contraceptive pills were a directly observable form of contraception that they could pressure their partner into using. Understanding plural conceptualisations away from 'emergency' are necessary to create policies and programmes that account for men's involvement. This includes understanding how emergency contraceptive pills are located within people's sexual and reproductive lives and gendered power dynamics, to reflect the public's own rationales for and experiences using post-coital contraceptives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Strong
- Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK.
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Strong J, Coast E, Freeman E, Moore AM, Norris AH, Owolabi O, Rocca CH. Pregnancy recognition trajectories: a needed framework. Sex Reprod Health Matters 2023; 31:2167552. [PMID: 36799663 DOI: 10.1080/26410397.2023.2167552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joe Strong
- PhD Candidate, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK. Correspondence:
| | - Ernestina Coast
- Professor of Health and International Development, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Emily Freeman
- Assistant Professorial Research Fellow, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Ann M Moore
- Principal Research Scientist, Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison H Norris
- Associate Professor, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Onikepe Owolabi
- Senior Global Director, MNCH/FP, IntraHealth International, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Corinne H Rocca
- Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health (ANSIRH), University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
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VandeVusse AJ, Mueller J, Kirstein M, Strong J, Lindberg LD. "Technically an abortion": Understanding perceptions and definitions of abortion in the United States. Soc Sci Med 2023; 335:116216. [PMID: 37741188 PMCID: PMC10552775 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Anti-abortion legislation in the United States exploits misinformation and ignores medical definitions to curtail access to essential healthcare. Little is known about how individuals most likely to need this care define abortion, in general or as distinct from miscarriage, and how this might impact access to, utilization of, and experiences of care. Using mixed-method card sort and vignette data from cognitive interviews (n = 64) and a national online survey (n = 2009), we examined individuals' understandings of pregnancy outcomes including abortion and miscarriage. Our findings show that people hold varying ideas of what constitutes an abortion. Many respondents considered 'intent' when classifying pregnancy outcomes and focused on intervention to distinguish between miscarriages and abortions. Particularly, medical intervention was found as a defining feature of abortion. Lack of knowledge regarding pregnancy experiences and ambiguity surrounding early stages of pregnancy also influenced respondents' understanding of abortion. We find that abortion and miscarriage definitions are socially constructed and multi-layered. Advancing our understanding of abortion and miscarriage definitions improves reproductive health research by elucidating potential areas of confusion that may lead to misreporting of reproductive experiences as well as highlighting ways that blurred definitions may be exploited by abortion opponents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Mueller
- Guttmacher Institute, 125 Maiden Lane, 7th Floor, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Joe Strong
- London School of Economics, Department of Social Policy, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK
| | - Laura D Lindberg
- Rutgers School of Public Health, 1 Riverfront Plaza, Suite 1010, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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Strong J, Coast E, Fetters T, Chiweshe M, Getachew A, Griffin R, Tembo L. "I was waiting for my period": understanding pregnancy recognition among adolescents seeking abortions in Ethiopia, Malawi, and Zambia. Contraception 2023:110006. [PMID: 36931547 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2023.110006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES For a person seeking an abortion, the ability to recognise a pregnancy is a critical first step. Pregnancy recognition is complex and shaped by numerous factors. This paper explores the experiences of pregnancy recognition among adolescents in Ethiopia, Malawi, and Zambia. STUDY DESIGN The final sample included three hundred and thirteen adolescents aged 10-19 who had sought abortion-related care at urban public facilities in Ethiopia (N=99), Malawi (N=104), and Zambia (N=110). Researchers collected mixed-method data on how adolescents came to recognise that they were pregnant and thematically analysed qualitative data alongside descriptive statistics from quantitative data. RESULTS Most adolescents reported that their main mode of recognising a pregnancy was medical pregnancy tests or late menstruation. Reasons for not recognising a pregnancy included irregular menses or recent menarche and attribution of signs and symptoms to other medical conditions. Psychological barriers to pregnancy recognition were important, including the refusal to accept a pregnancy and denial of a pregnancy. Timing of recognition shaped the abortion care available for adolescents and the affordability of care. For some adolescents, their capacity to recognise their pregnancy led to involuntary or voluntary disclosure, which decreased their reproductive autonomy. CONCLUSION Adolescent experiences of pregnancy recognition complement existing evidence, illustrating critical barriers across age and context. Interrogating pregnancy recognition among adolescents exposed the critical implications for the availability, accessibility, affordability, and autonomy of their abortion trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Strong
- London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Social Policy, London, UK
| | - Ernestina Coast
- London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of International Development, London, UK
| | | | | | - Abrham Getachew
- St.Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Strong J, Lamptey NLS, Quartey NK, Owoo NKR. "If I Am Ready": Exploring the relationships between masculinities, pregnancy, and abortion among men in James Town, Ghana. Soc Sci Med 2022; 314:115454. [PMID: 36274458 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The ability to exercise full sexual and reproductive health and rights is shaped by the contextual environment, meaning that women and pregnant people must navigate patriarchal norms when seeking care. Despite growing evidence that men are able to influence pregnancy outcomes, there remains a paucity of research on how and why men are able to involve themselves in pregnancy and abortion decision-making. This study interrogates the mechanisms that drive men's involvement in pregnancies and abortions in James Town, Ghana. Data from a survey (n = 296) and in-depth interviews (n = 37) were collected between July 2020 and January 2021. The mixed-method analysis critically examined the relationship between men's support for a pregnancy or abortion and their constructions of masculinities. Findings framed sex and reproduction as both a facilitator and a threat to men's masculinity. Reproduction was an essential component of being a man. Men discussed the need to fulfil masculine ideals of being independent, provide financially, and be in an acceptable relationship in order to be 'ready' for fatherhood. However, men similarly operationalised the notion of 'readiness' as the driving force behind their involvement in abortion decision-making. As being a father without being ready could lead to social ostracism and derision, men discussed forcing their abortion desires onto their sexual partners and other pregnant people. Achieving masculine ideals, therefore, was a critical motivation for controlling women and pregnant people's bodies. Understanding the role of masculinities is critical in acknowledging the contextual and environmental factors that women and pregnant people navigate, which contribute to continued reproductive injustices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Strong
- Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK.
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Zielke J, Strong J, Ahmed F, Miani C, Namer Y, Storey S, Razum O. Towards gender-transformative SRHR: a statement in reply to EUPHA and offer of a working definition. Eur J Public Health 2022; 32:668-669. [PMID: 35972449 PMCID: PMC9527956 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zielke
- Department of Epidemiology & International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Joe Strong
- Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Furqan Ahmed
- Leibniz-Institut für Präventionsforschung und Epidemiologie, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Céline Miani
- Department of Epidemiology & International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Yudit Namer
- Department of Epidemiology & International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Simone Storey
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Oliver Razum
- Department of Epidemiology & International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Abstract
Men’s involvement in abortion is significant, intersecting across the individual, community and macro factors that shape abortion-related care pathways. This scoping review maps the evidence from low- and middle-income countries relating to male involvement in abortion trajectories. Five databases were searched, using search terms, to yield 7493 items published in English between 01.01.2010 and 20.12.2019. 37 items met the inclusion criteria for items relating to male involvement in women’s abortion trajectories and were synthesised using an abortion-related care-seeking framework. The majority of studies were conducted in sub-Saharan Africa and were qualitative. Evidence indicated that male involvement was significant, shaping the ability for a woman or girl to disclose her pregnancy or abortion decision. Men as partners were particularly influential, controlling resources necessary for abortion access and providing or withdrawing support for abortions. Denial or rejection of paternity was a critical juncture in many women’s abortion trajectories. Men’s involvement in abortion trajectories can be both direct and indirect. Contextual realities can make involving men in abortions a necessity, rather than a choice. The impact of male (lack of) involvement undermines the autonomy of a woman or girl to seek an abortion and shapes the conditions under which abortion-seekers are able to access care. This scoping review demonstrates the need for better understanding of the mechanisms, causes and intensions behind male involvement, centring the abortion seeker within this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Strong
- PhD Researcher, Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK. Correspondence:
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Strong J, Mann TN, Tarr GS, Reuter H. Development of active tuberculosis in patients treated with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. S Afr Med J 2022; 112:13498. [PMID: 35139986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) have been shown to be highly effective in the treatment of rheumatic conditions, but may increase the risk of infections. Development of tuberculosis (TB) while on bDMARD therapy is of particular concern in high TB burden settings such as Western Cape Province, South Africa. OBJECTIVES To describe the diagnosis, management and outcome of patients who developed active TB while receiving a bDMARD. RESULTS Ten patients who screened negative for TB prior to initiation of a bDMARD subsequently developed active TB. TB was diagnosed between 10 months and 9 years from bDMARD initiation, suggesting new infection, and included 6 cases of extrapulmonary TB. All patients required multiple tests to confirm the diagnosis of TB, and all were successfully treated. CONCLUSIONS TB can occur in patients on bDMARD therapy despite initial screening, and may have unusual, extrapulmonary manifestations that pose a diagnostic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Strong
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Amano T, Hooley C, Strong J, Inoue M. Strategies for implementing music-based interventions for people with dementia in long-term care facilities: A systematic review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 37. [PMID: 34647348 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research has found that music-based interventions can decrease behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia or behaviors that challenge (BPSD/BtC). However, how to effectively implement these interventions is unclear. This study synthesizes available evidence regarding implementation strategies and outcomes of music-based interventions for people with dementia at residential long-term care facilities. METHODS Study registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020194354). We searched the following databases: PsychInfo, PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria included articles targeting music-based interventions conducted for people with dementia, studies conducted in residential long-term care facilities, and articles that reported implementation strategies and outcomes of the intervention. RESULTS Of the included eight studies, half were studies of music therapy and the other half were on individualized music. 49 implementation strategies were reported. The most frequently reported category of strategies was planning (34.7%), followed by education (24.5%), quality management (24.5%), restructuring (12.2%), and finance (4.1%). No strategies under the category of attending to the policy context were reported. The most frequently reported implementation outcomes were appropriateness (27.3%), followed by adoption (22.7%), fidelity (22.7%), acceptability (9.1%), sustainability (9.1%), and cost (9.1%). No studies measured feasibility or penetration. CONCLUSIONS Although various effective implementation strategies were identified, we were unable to examine the effectiveness of individual implementation strategies due to the designs of the selected studies. Less attention has been paid to strategies that aim at structural changes of intervention delivery systems. Future studies should investigate facilitators and barriers of implementing music-based interventions especially focusing on structural aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Amano
- Rutgers University - Newark, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Joe Strong
- University of North Carolina - Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
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Amano T, Strong J, Hooley C, Inoue M. Strategies for implementing music-based interventions for people with dementia: A systematic review. Innov Aging 2021. [PMCID: PMC8681486 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.2433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), red cell distribution width (RDW), and mean platelet volume (MPV), are easily measured circulating blood cell parameters that reflect chronic peripheral inflammation which increases risk for dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We investigated the cross-sectional association between these blood cell parameters and brain MRI measures, including total cerebral brain volume (TCBV) as percentage of total intracranial volume (TCV) to correct for differences in head size, hippocampal volume (HPV) and log transformed white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) cohorts. We identified 2882 FHS participants 25 to 92 years of age (mean 59 years), 53% women, who attended an exam that included a complete blood cell count sample and received a brain MRI within five years of blood draw. We used linear mixed effect models to examine associations, adjusting for age, age^2, sex, education, cohort, time between blood draw and MRI, prevalent cardiovascular disease, C-reactive protein, APOE-ϵ4 genotype and TCV for HPV and WMH, and accounting for familial correlation using a random effect. We observed significant (p≤0.01) associations between higher RDW and smaller TCBV, and between elevated NLR and larger WMH volume. Analysis on an older subgroup (age ≥60 years, mean 71 years, n=1357) demonstrated larger effect sizes and additional significance between increased RDW with smaller HPV. We conclude that chronic peripheral inflammation as measured by NLR and RDW associates with MRI measures of brain aging (TCBV, HPV) and vascular brain injury (WMH) in FHS, with stronger impact in participants ≥60 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Amano
- Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, New Jersey, United States
| | - Joe Strong
- University of Tennessee - Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Cole Hooley
- Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States
| | - Megumi Inoue
- George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States
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Strong J, Lattof SR, Maliqi B, Yaqub N. Experiences of private sector quality care amongst mothers, newborns, and children in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:1311. [PMID: 34872542 PMCID: PMC8647361 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Experience of care is a pillar of quality care; positive experiences are essential during health care encounters and integral to quality health service delivery. Yet, we lack synthesised knowledge of how private sector delivery of quality care affects experiences of care amongst mothers, newborns, and children. To fill this gap, we conducted a systematic review that examined quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies on the provision of maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) care by private providers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This manuscript focuses on experience of care, including respectful care, and satisfaction with care. Methods Our protocol followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Searches were conducted in eight electronic databases (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, EconLit, Excerpta Medica Database, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, Popline, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science) and two websites and supplemented with hand-searches and expert recommendations. For inclusion, studies examining private sector delivery of quality care amongst mothers, newborns, and children in LMICs must have examined maternal, newborn, and/or child morbidity or mortality; quality of care; experience of care; and/or service utilisation. Data were extracted for descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Results Of the 139 studies included, 45 studies reported data on experience of care. Most studies reporting experience of care were conducted in India, Bangladesh, and Uganda. Experiences of private care amongst mothers, newborns, and children aligned with four components of quality of care: patient-centeredness, timeliness, effectiveness, and equity. Interpersonal relationships with health care workers were essential to experience of care, in particular staff friendliness, positive attitudes, and time spent with health care providers. Experience of care can be a stronger determining factor in MNCH-related decision-making than the quality of services provided. Conclusion Positive experiences of care in private facilities can be linked more broadly to privileges of private care that allow for shorter waiting times and more provider time spent with mothers, newborns, and children. Little is known about experiences of private sector care amongst children. Trial registration This systematic review was registered with the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (registration number CRD42019143383). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-021-06905-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Strong
- Department of International Development, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton St, London, WC2A 2AE, UK
| | - Samantha R Lattof
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Avenue Appiah 20, CH-1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland.
| | - Blerta Maliqi
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Avenue Appiah 20, CH-1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Nuhu Yaqub
- Child and Adolescent Health Unit, WHO Regional Office for Africa, Cite du Djoue, P.O.Box 06, Brazzaville, Congo
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Strong J, Drummond S, Hanson J, Pole JD, Engstrom T, Copeland K, Lipman B, Sullivan C. Outcomes of rapid digital transformation of large-scale communications during the COVID-19 pandemic. AUST HEALTH REV 2021; 45:696-703. [PMID: 34856118 DOI: 10.1071/ah21125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study examined the content and impact of a new digital communication medium, called a VIDCAST, implemented at a large hospital and health service when the COVID-19 pandemic was announced, and the key concerns held by staff at the time when the health service was preparing for the COVID-19 pandemic to arrive in this health service. Methods A mixed-methods approach was used. Thematic analysis of 20 transcripts of daily VIDCASTS broadcast between 30 March and 24 April 2020 was undertaken, in addition to descriptive analysis of feedback from an anonymous online survey. Results Survey feedback from 322 staff indicated almost universal satisfaction with this new communication method. The VIDCASTS provided a new COVID-safe method for the Executive to connect to staff at a time of uncertainty. Thematic analysis of the content of the VIDCASTS revealed three themes: 'Accurate Information', 'Reassurance and Support' and 'Innovation'. The Executive was able to reassure staff about what the organisation was doing to safeguard the health and wellbeing of all, and enabled an effective response to the pandemic. Conclusions The digital communication channel of VIDCASTS, rapidly operationalised at a major Australian hospital and health service in March 2020, provided important information and support for staff as it prepared for the anticipated COVID-19 surge. What is known about the topic? When the COVID-19 pandemic began, traditional face-to-face staff meetings were disrupted and many hospitals and their staff were left scrambling for information, and for reassurance about their safety, as they prepared to receive increasing numbers of COVID-19 patients. What does this paper add? The implementation of a digital communication tool was able to address many of the concerns raised by hospital staff in other geographic locations dealing with surging COVID-19 cases and underpinned a globally leading COVID-19 response. What are the implications for practitioners? New digitised communication methods provided an effective vehicle to inform and support staff in the early stages of pandemic preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Strong
- Metro North Hospital and Health Services, 7 Butterfield Street, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia. ; ; ; ; ; ; and School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, 84a Services Road, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia; and Corresponding author.
| | - S Drummond
- Metro North Hospital and Health Services, 7 Butterfield Street, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia. ; ; ; ; ;
| | - J Hanson
- Metro North Hospital and Health Services, 7 Butterfield Street, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia. ; ; ; ; ;
| | - J D Pole
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia. ;
| | - T Engstrom
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia. ;
| | - K Copeland
- Metro North Hospital and Health Services, 7 Butterfield Street, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia. ; ; ; ; ;
| | - B Lipman
- Metro North Hospital and Health Services, 7 Butterfield Street, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia. ; ; ; ; ;
| | - C Sullivan
- Metro North Hospital and Health Services, 7 Butterfield Street, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia. ; ; ; ; ; ; and Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia. ;
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Crofton E, Meredith P, Gray P, O'Reilly S, Strong J. Response to letter to the editor: Efficacy of pressure garment on prevention and regression of scars. Burns 2021; 48:247-248. [PMID: 34857417 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Crofton
- The University of Queensland, Australia; Queensland Health, Australia.
| | - P Meredith
- Central Queensland University, Australia.
| | - P Gray
- The University of Queensland, Australia; Queensland Health, Australia.
| | - S O'Reilly
- The University of Queensland, Australia; Queensland Health, Australia.
| | - J Strong
- The University of Queensland, Australia; Queensland Health, Australia.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Global commitments have established goals of achieving universal sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) access, but critical obstacles remain. Emergency contraception and induced abortion are overlooked in policy and research. Men's roles in the SRHR of others are significant, particularly as obstacles to universal SRHR. Evidence on gender, masculinities and SRHR is essential to understand and reduce the barriers faced by individuals seeking to avoid the conception or continuation of a pregnancy. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study aims to understand men's masculinities and their relationships with emergency contraception and abortion. The protocol presents a multimethod study of men aged over 18 years in James Town, Accra, Ghana. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the research will use two mobile-based methods: a survey and in-depth interviews. Using respondent-driven sampling, an estimated 789 men will be recruited to participate in the survey, asking questions on their knowledge, attitude, behaviours and roles in emergency contraception and abortion. In-depth interviews focused on constructions of masculinity will be conducted with a purposive sample of men who participated in the survey. Data will be analysed concurrently using multiple regression analyses of quantitative data and abductive analysis of qualitative data. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been granted by the London School of Economics and Political Science and the Ghana Health Service. The findings in this study will: engage with emerging research on masculinities and SRHR in Ghana and elsewhere; offer methodological insight for future research; and provide evidence to inform interventions to reduce obstacles for emergency contraception and abortion care seekers. Dissemination will occur at all levels-policy, academic, community-including multiple academic articles, policy briefs, workshops and presentations, conference papers, and theatre/radio-based performances of key messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Strong
- Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
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Abstract
COVID-19 has compromised and disrupted sexual and reproductive health (SRH) across multiple dimensions: individual-level access, health systems functioning, and at the policy and governance levels. Disruptions to supply chains, lockdown measures and travel restrictions, and overburdened health systems have particularly affected abortion access and service provision. The pandemic, rather than causing new issues, has heightened and exposed existing fractures and fissures within abortion access and provision. In this viewpoint, we draw on the concept of "structural violence" to make visible the contributing causes of these ruptures and their inequitable impact among different groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishita Nandagiri
- ESRC Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Methodology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London,
| | - Ernestina Coast
- Professor of health and international development, Department of International Development, London School of Economics and Political Science, London
| | - Joe Strong
- Doctoral candidate, Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London
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Crofton E, Meredith P, Gray P, Strong J. Compression garment wear and sensory variables after burn: a single-site study. Burns 2020; 46:1903-1913. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Strong J. Immersive Virtual Reality and Persons with Dementia: A Literature Review. J Gerontol Soc Work 2020; 63:209-226. [PMID: 32091323 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2020.1733726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dementia of any type is incurable and treatment is primarily focused on slowing its progression and managing symptoms, typically accomplished through a combination of medication and lifestyle factors. Social workers are uniquely positioned to suggest new and innovative strategies for improving the quality of life. Technology opens a variety of options, and virtual reality is one of the more recent additions to the available toolkit. This review describes the state of the literature as it relates to the use of immersive virtual reality technology with persons with dementia. One hundred fifty-eight articles were returned by keyword search, but just three of those used modern virtual reality systems. Each of the three studies found positive results in their respective uses of virtual reality with persons with dementia. VR was well tolerated by participants and engagement was high, though sample sizes were small across studies. Results demonstrated immersive VR is a viable pathway for a variety of novel interventions with this population, but more research using modern immersive devices is required. Social workers in a variety of care settings can build on these early findings and develop an array of novel palliative and leisure-time experiences for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Strong
- College of Social Work, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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Crofton E, Meredith P, Gray P, O’Reilly S, Strong J. Non-adherence with compression garment wear in adult burns patients: A systematic review and meta-ethnography. Burns 2020; 46:472-482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Strong J. "Playthings of the Brain": Phantom Visions in Charles Bonnet Syndrome. J Gerontol Soc Work 2019; 62:586-596. [PMID: 31219409 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2019.1631927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) is a condition of the visually impaired, in which hallucinations - or, more appropriately, visions - of geometric patterns, people, and objects appear within the visual field. Most people with CBS are older adults, a function of increased likelihood of visual deterioration in later life, but the condition can occur at any age. Diagnostic criteria vary among professions, but generally includes awareness that the visions are not real, the absence of other accompanying sensory hallucinations, and the absence of dementia or other neurological condition. The mechanism by which the phenomenon occurs is not well understood, although some speculation exists that it is akin to phantom limb syndrome. Although there has recently been increasing awareness about the condition, many in the fields of medicine, optometry, and social work have not heard of it. As front-line providers for clients, it is important that social workers be well informed about the condition to alleviate anxiety our clients may have about expressing their experiences with the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Strong
- College of Social Work, University of Tennessee , Knoxville , TN , USA
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21
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Coast E, Lattof SR, Strong J. Puberty and menstruation knowledge among young adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review. Int J Public Health 2019; 64:293-304. [PMID: 30740629 PMCID: PMC6439145 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-019-01209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study presents a scoping review of evidence relating to knowledge and experiences of puberty and menstruation among females aged 10–14 years in low- and middle-income countries. Methods Forty-four items from 12 countries were identified from a systematic scoping review and screening of 8083 items. Included studies were quality assessed. Results A majority (40/44) of studies used school-based samples, and fifteen studies reported on interventions. Girls had inadequate knowledge about menstruation; menarche as a trigger for girls learning about menstruation was common. Adolescents struggled with menstrual hygiene. Negative emotions were associated with menarche and menstrual management. A minority of studies dealt explicitly with puberty. Most girls obtained information about menstruation and/or puberty from their mothers, although mothers were not necessarily girls’ preferred source for learning about these topics. Conclusions Young adolescent girls are under-prepared for puberty and menstruation. Predominantly school-based studies mean we know little about young out-of-school adolescents. The evidence base lags behind the rise in interest from practitioners as well as the development (and evaluation) of puberty and/or menstruation interventions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00038-019-01209-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernestina Coast
- Department of International Development, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK.
| | - Samantha R Lattof
- Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Joe Strong
- Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
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Hinrichs KL, Strong J. CARING FOR LGBT VETERANS AND FAMILIES AT END-OF-LIFE: A CASE FROM A VA HOSPICE UNIT. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K L Hinrichs
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, Massachusetts, United States
| | - J Strong
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, USA
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23
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Moye J, Wynn M, Strong J, Carpenter B. DEVELOPING THE EDUCATOR WORKFORCE: DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A NATIONAL WEBINAR ON GERIATRIC EDUCATION. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Moye
- VA Medical Center, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, United States
| | - M Wynn
- Washington University, St. Louis MA, USA
| | - J Strong
- VA New England GRECC, Boston MA, USA
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Bamonti P, Strong J. DEVELOPMENT OF A TRAINING CLINIC IN CAPACITY ASSESSMENT. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Bamonti
- VA Boston Healthcare, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - J Strong
- Advanced Fellow in Geriatrics, New England GRECC, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
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Tran Q, Strong J, Al Rebh H, Gatz J, Pope K, Jenkins R, Nguyen T, Tuteja G, Vuchula S, Chang WT. 123 Emergency Providers Adequately Manage Mechanical Ventilation in Critically Ill Patients With Spontaneous Intracranial Hemorrhage and Elevated Intracranial Pressure. Ann Emerg Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.07.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
A longitudinal study of 55 adults with severe traumatic brain injury was conducted to investigate the development of self-awareness, emotional distress and motivation during the first year after injury. Cluster analysis was performed on data gathered at one year post-Injury. Three clusters labelled ‘high self-awareness’, ‘low self-awareness’ and ‘good recovery’ were retrieved. A case study is presented from each cluster, contrasting the stages in the development of self-awareness of deficits over the year. This research suggests that clients with acquired brain injury can be classified on the basis of level of self-awareness. Issues for the rehabilitation of and occupational therapy with clients from the three groups are raised.
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Johnston V, Strong J, Gargett S, Jull G, Ellis N. Enhancing the vocational outcomes of people with chronic disabilities caused by a musculoskeletal condition: development and evaluation of content of self-management training modules. Work 2016; 49:455-64. [PMID: 24004780 DOI: 10.3233/wor-131722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No self-management interventions have been developed to empower those chronically disabled by a musculoskeletal condition to find and/or remain at work. OBJECTIVE Developand evaluate the content of two self-management training modules to improve vocational outcomes for those with chronic musculoskeletal disorders. METHODS Stanford University's Chronic Disease Self-Management Program provided the framework for the new modules. Focus groups with the eightpersons with workdisabilities and concept-mapping sessions with the 12 experienced vocational rehabilitation professionals were conducted to identify factors and themes contributing to workers remaining/returning to work post-injury. Five experienced self-management trainers reviewed the modules for consistency with self-management principles. RESULTS Two new self-management modules: 'Navigating the System' and 'Managing a Return to Work' were developed.The persons with work disabilitiesgenerated four themes: accepting and coping with injury; skills to manage pain and life; positive working relationships and, re-inventing self, whereas the rehabilitation professionals identified three themes:communication and support of others; the injured worker's abilities and resources, and knowledge and education. CONCLUSIONS Anintervention developed to enhance self-management skills and facilitate positive vocational outcomes of those seeking to return to work post-injury was confirmed as relevant by persons with work disabilities, rehabilitation professionals and self-management trainers.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Johnston
- Division of Physiotherapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J Strong
- Division of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S Gargett
- Institute for Safety, Compensation and Recovery Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - G Jull
- Division of Physiotherapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - N Ellis
- Institute for Safety, Compensation and Recovery Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Chien CW, Bagraith K, Khan A, Deen M, Syu JJ, Strong J. Establishment of cutpoints to categorize the severity of chronic pain using composite ratings with Rasch analysis. Eur J Pain 2016; 21:82-91. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C.-W. Chien
- Occupational Therapy Division; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Kowloon Hong Kong (SAR) China
| | - K.S. Bagraith
- Occupational Therapy Division; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
- Interdisciplinary Persistent Pain Centre; Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service; Gold Coast Qld Australia
| | - A. Khan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - M. Deen
- Metro South Persistent Pain Management Service; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Woolloongabba Qld Australia
| | - J.-J. Syu
- School of Public Health; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - J. Strong
- Occupational Therapy Division; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
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Strong J, Chipchase L, Allen S, Eley D, McAllister L, Davidson B. Interprofessional Learning during an International Fieldwork Placement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.11120/pblh.2014.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the implementation of recommendations from a prior review of functional capacity evaluation practice in a regionalised rehabilitation service. The evaluation considered the acceptance of the recommendations and the current level of consistency of approach in practice. STUDY DESIGN The study was qualitative in nature, using a descriptive survey and a focus group. Participants were occupational therapists of a major rehabilitation provider in Queensland, Australia. Eighteen of 48 therapists (38%) responded to the questionnaire. Eight therapists participated in the focus group. RESULTS The results indicated some acceptance of the recommendations for functional capacity evaluation in areas such as procedure, reporting, equipment and model of evaluation. Further research into the reliability and validity of functional capacity evaluation was indicated. DISCUSSION The low response rate did not allow conclusive results. However, the findings provided some evidence of consistency in functional capacity evaluation practice. The results are discussed in relation to current issues in functional capacity evaluation practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gibson
- Department of Occupational Therapy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - J Strong
- Department of Occupational Therapy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Bagraith K, Hayes J, Strong J. Mapping patient goals to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF): Examining the content validity of the low back pain core sets. J Rehabil Med 2013; 45:481-7. [DOI: 10.2340/16501977-1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Allman MS, Altomare F, Whittaker JD, Cicak K, Li D, Sirois A, Strong J, Teufel JD, Simmonds RW. rf-SQUID-mediated coherent tunable coupling between a superconducting phase qubit and a lumped-element resonator. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:177004. [PMID: 20482130 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.177004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate coherent tunable coupling between a superconducting phase qubit and a lumped-element resonator. The coupling strength is mediated by a flux-biased rf SQUID operated in the nonhysteretic regime. By tuning the applied flux bias to the rf SQUID we change the effective mutual inductance, and thus the coupling energy, between the phase qubit and resonator. We verify the modulation of coupling strength from 0 to 100 MHz by observing modulation in the size of the splitting in the phase qubit's spectroscopy, as well as coherently by observing modulation in the vacuum Rabi oscillation frequency when on resonance. The measured spectroscopic splittings and vacuum Rabi oscillations agree well with theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Allman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305-3328, USA
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34
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Strong J, Mathews T, Sussex R, New F, Hoey S, Mitchell G. Pain language and gender differences when describing a past pain event. Pain 2009; 145:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2009.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Strong J. Quieten your inner critic. CMAJ 2009; 180:208-9. [DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.081970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Ownsworth T, Fleming J, Shum D, Kuipers P, Strong J. Comparison of individual, group and combined intevention formats in a randomized controlled trial for facilitating goal attainment and improving psychosocial function following acquired brain injury. J Rehabil Med 2008; 40:81-8. [DOI: 10.2340/16501977-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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40
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Bennett S, McKenna K, Hoffmann T, McCluskey A, Tooth L, Strong J. In search of evidence for occupational therapy: A new tool. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2004. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2004.11.9.19586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Where is the evidence that occupational therapy intervention can make a difference? In short, it may be found somewhere among thousands of articles, spread over hundreds of journals. It is not surprising that surveys show that a major difficulty facing occupational therapists implementing evidence-based practice is the limited time they have to locate relevant research (Humphris et al, 2000; Bennett et al, 2003).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bennett
- Department of Occupational Therapy The University of Queensland School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - K McKenna
- Department of Occupational Therapy The University of Queensland School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - T Hoffmann
- Department of Occupational Therapy The University of Queensland School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - A McCluskey
- Department of Occupational Therapy The University of Queensland School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - L Tooth
- Department of Occupational Therapy The University of Queensland School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - J Strong
- Department of Occupational Therapy The University of Queensland School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Queensland 4072 Australia
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Abstract
Over the past 30 years there has been increasing pressure for the establishment of a beef, quality grading system in Australia. During this time, many and varied options have been proposed and comparisons have often been made with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Japanese Meat Grading Association (JMGA) systems. Australia has now developed a grading system that is driven by the consumer — Meat Standards Australia (MSA). Although some years (70+) behind the USDA, the Australian model has been scientifically proven to identify product that can achieve a guaranteed level of satisfaction to the consumer. While this paper evaluates the 3 systems and their specific operations, both the USDA and JMGA systems are compared with the potential performance of the MSA system applied on a cut by grade by cooking method basis.
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42
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Cherstniakova S, Garcia G, Strong J, Helbling N, Bi D, Roy M, Cantilena L. Simultaneous Determination of N,N-Diethyl-M-Toluamide and Permethrin by GC-MS and Pyridostigmine Bromide by HPLC in Human Plasma. Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9236(03)90453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Absence of CD4 impairs the efficiency of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling in response to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-presented peptides. Here we use mice carrying a conditional Cd4 allele to study the consequences of impaired TCR signaling after the completion of thymocyte development. We show that loss of CD4 decreases the steady-state proliferation of T cells as monitored by in vivo labeling with bromo-deoxyuridine. Moreover, T cells lacking CD4 compete poorly with CD4-expressing T cells during proliferative expansion after transfer into lymphopenic recipients. The data suggest that T cells compete with one another during homeostatic proliferation, and indicate that the basis of this competition is TCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414, USA
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Janicak PG, Keck PE, Davis JM, Kasckow JW, Tugrul K, Dowd SM, Strong J, Sharma RP, Strakowski SM. A double-blind, randomized, prospective evaluation of the efficacy and safety of risperidone versus haloperidol in the treatment of schizoaffective disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2001; 21:360-8. [PMID: 11476119 DOI: 10.1097/00004714-200108000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The relative efficacy and safety of risperidone versus haloperidol in the treatment of schizoaffective disorder was studied. Sixty-two patients (29 depressed type; 33 bipolar type) entered a three-site, randomized, double-blind, 6-week trial of risperidone (up to 10 mg/day) or haloperidol (up to 20 mg/day). Trained raters assessed baseline, weekly, and end-of-study levels of psychopathology with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D-24) and the Clinician-Administered Rating Scale for Mania (CARS-M). The authors were unable to statistically distinguish between risperidone and haloperidol in the amelioration of psychotic and manic symptoms. In addition, there was no difference in worsening of mania between the two agents in either subgroup (i.e., depressed or bipolar subgroups). For the total PANSS, risperidone produced a mean decrease of 16 points from baseline compared with a 14-point decrease with haloperidol. For the total CARS-M scale, risperidone and haloperidol produced mean change scores of 5 and 8 points, respectively, and for the CARS-M Mania subscale, 3 and 7 points, respectively. Additionally, risperidone produced a mean decrease of 13 points from the baseline 24-item HAM-D, compared with an 8-point decrease with haloperidol. In those patients who had more severe depressive symptoms (i.e., HAM-D baseline score >20), risperidone produced at least a 50% mean improvement in 12 (75%) of 16 patients in comparison to 8 (38%) of 21 patients receiving haloperidol. Haloperidol produced significantly more extrapyramidal side effects and resulted in more dropouts caused by any side effect. There was no difference between risperidone and haloperidol in reducing both psychotic and manic symptoms in this group of patients with schizoaffective disorder. Risperidone did not demonstrate a propensity to precipitate mania and was better tolerated than haloperidol. In those subjects with higher baseline HAM-D scores (i.e., >20), risperidone produced a greater improvement in depressive symptoms than haloperidol.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Janicak
- The Psychiatric Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612, USA.
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Tooth L, McKenna K, Strong J, Ottenbacher K, Connell J, Cleary M. Rehabilitation outcomes for brain injured patients in Australia: functional status, length of stay and discharge destination. Brain Inj 2001; 15:613-31. [PMID: 11429090 DOI: 10.1080/02699050010013923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the rehabilitation length of stay (LOS), discharge destination and discharge functional status of 149 patients admitted with traumatic brain injury (TBI) to an Australian hospital over a 5-year period. Hospital charts of patients admitted between 1993-1998 were reviewed. Average LOS over the 5-year time period was 61.8 days and only decreased nominally over this time. Longer LOS was predicted by lower admission motor FIM scores and presence of comorbidities. Mean admission and discharge motor FIM scores were 58 and 79, which represented a gain of 21 points. Higher discharge motor FIM scores were predicted by higher admission motor FIM scores and younger age. FIM gain was predicted by cognitive status and age. Most patients, 88%, were discharged back to the community, with 30% changing their living setting or situation. Changing living status was predicted by living alone and having poorer functional status on admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tooth
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Street A, Strong J, Karp S. Improving patient recruitment to multicentre clinical trials: the case for employing a data manager in a district general hospital-based oncology centre. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2001; 13:38-43. [PMID: 11292134 DOI: 10.1053/clon.2001.9212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the most frequently cited reasons for poor recruitment to multicentre randomized clinical trials is the additional workload placed on clinical staff. We report the effect on patient recruitment of employing a data manager to support clinical staff in an English district general hospital (DGH). In addition, we explore the effect data managers have on the quality of data collected, proxied by the number of queries arising with the trial organizers. We estimate that the cost of employing a data manager on a full-time basis is 502 per patient recruited but may amount to 326 if the appointment is part-time. Data quality is high when full responsibility lies with a data manager but falls when responsibility is shared. Whether the costs of employing a data manager to recruit patients from a DGH are worth incurring depends on the value placed on the speed at which multicentre trials can be completed, how important it is to broaden the research base beyond the traditional setting of teaching hospitals, and the amount of evaluative data required.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Street
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, UK.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the incidence of adverse events during hemodialysis treatments as a function of calories and fluid intake. METHODS The study period was August 3-26, 1999. Hemodialysis visits were studied. Twenty-three patients receiving hemodialysis during the 2nd shift on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday were studied. A total of 166 hemodialysis patient visits were studied. Data collected included: amount of fluid and food consumed, blood pressure levels, and mannitol use during each hemodialysis treatment; and any symptoms that occurred either during or after the dialysis treatment (hypotension, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramping, and access problems). RESULTS Using regression analysis, calories and fluids were strong predictors of both hypotension (P =.003) and mannitol use (P =.000), but not of cramping or access problems. Patients were 3 times more likely to have hypotension if taking any fluids (P =.011). Patients consuming >200 calories were 2 times as likely to have hypotension (P =.058). Patients were 5 times more likely to use mannitol if taking any fluids (P =.005). Mannitol use increased significantly (P =.001) with those patients consuming >200 calories. CONCLUSION Patients who ate more than 200 calories and consumed more than 200 mL of fluid during hemodialysis had an increased incident of hypotensive events and increased use of mannitol.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Strong
- Dialysis Center of Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68510, USA
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Fisher I, Strong J, Tyack Z. Development, reliability, and concurrent validity of the modified inventory of potential reconstructive needs. J Burn Care Rehabil 2001; 22:154-62. [PMID: 11302605 DOI: 10.1097/00004630-200103000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Documentation of burn sequelae can be a difficult and time-consuming task. To date a reliable and systematic format for recording postburn trauma is lacking. The purpose of this research was two-fold: first, to develop a Modified Inventory of Potential Reconstructive Needs from the original Inventory of Potential Reconstructive Needs to allow methodical documentation of functional and cosmetic burn sequelae in all body surface areas of children with burns and, second, to establish interrater reliability and concurrent validity of the instrument, thus allowing its clinical application. Two raters scored the Modified Inventory of Potential Reconstructive Needs on 41 children with a range of burns types and severity. Excellent interrater reliability was demonstrated for both total (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.996) and subsection inventory scores. Concurrent validity was also established with total scores showing strong positive correlations (0.73-0.76) with three indicators of burn severity. These findings provide initial support for the tool's clinical applicability, particularly in relation to rehabilitative planning and documentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fisher
- Occupational Therapy Department, The University of Queensland and the Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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