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Othman J, Tiong IS, O'Nions J, Dennis M, Mokretar K, Ivey A, Austin M, Latif AL, Amer M, Chan WY, Crawley C, Crolla F, Cross J, Dang R, Elliot J, Fong CY, Galli S, Gallipoli P, Hogan F, Kalkur P, Khan A, Krishnamurthy P, Laurie J, Loo S, Marshall S, Mehta P, Murthy V, Nagumantry S, Pillai S, Potter N, Sellar R, Taylor T, Zhao R, Russell NH, Wei AH, Dillon R. Molecular MRD is strongly prognostic in patients with NPM1-mutated AML receiving venetoclax-based nonintensive therapy. Blood 2024; 143:336-341. [PMID: 37647641 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Assessment of measurable residual disease (MRD) by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction is strongly prognostic in patients with NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with intensive chemotherapy; however, there are no data regarding its utility in venetoclax-based nonintensive therapy, despite high efficacy in this genotype. We analyzed the prognostic impact of NPM1 MRD in an international real-world cohort of 76 previously untreated patients with NPM1-mutated AML who achieved complete remission (CR)/CR with incomplete hematological recovery following treatment with venetoclax and hypomethylating agents (HMAs) or low-dose cytarabine (LDAC). A total of 44 patients (58%) achieved bone marrow (BM) MRD negativity, and a further 14 (18%) achieved a reduction of ≥4 log10 from baseline as their best response, with no difference between HMAs and LDAC. The cumulative rates of BM MRD negativity by the end of cycles 2, 4, and 6 were 25%, 47%, and 50%, respectively. Patients achieving BM MRD negativity by the end of cycle 4 had 2-year overall of 84% compared with 46% if MRD was positive. On multivariable analyses, MRD negativity was the strongest prognostic factor. A total of 22 patients electively stopped therapy in BM MRD-negative remission after a median of 8 cycles, with 2-year treatment-free remission of 88%. In patients with NPM1-mutated AML attaining remission with venetoclax combination therapies, NPM1 MRD provides valuable prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jad Othman
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ing S Tiong
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Austin Health and Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jenny O'Nions
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Dennis
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adam Ivey
- Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Austin
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Louise Latif
- Department of Haematology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mariam Amer
- Haematology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Yee Chan
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Crawley
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joe Cross
- Haematology Department, University Hospital Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ray Dang
- James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Chun Y Fong
- Austin Health and Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sofia Galli
- Frimley Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Gallipoli
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Anjum Khan
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sun Loo
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott Marshall
- City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Trust, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Priyanka Mehta
- Haematology Department, University Hospital Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Vidhya Murthy
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Srinivas Pillai
- Royal Stoke University Hospital, University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Potter
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Sellar
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Taylor
- Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rui Zhao
- Torbay Hospital, Torquay, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel H Russell
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew H Wei
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard Dillon
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Harrison CN, Nangalia J, Boucher R, Jackson A, Yap C, O'Sullivan J, Fox S, Ailts I, Dueck AC, Geyer HL, Mesa RA, Dunn WG, Nadezhdin E, Curto-Garcia N, Green A, Wilkins B, Coppell J, Laurie J, Garg M, Ewing J, Knapper S, Crowe J, Chen F, Koutsavlis I, Godfrey A, Arami S, Drummond M, Byrne J, Clark F, Mead-Harvey C, Baxter EJ, McMullin MF, Mead AJ. Ruxolitinib Versus Best Available Therapy for Polycythemia Vera Intolerant or Resistant to Hydroxycarbamide in a Randomized Trial. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:3534-3544. [PMID: 37126762 PMCID: PMC10306428 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.01935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycythemia vera (PV) is characterized by JAK/STAT activation, thrombotic/hemorrhagic events, systemic symptoms, and disease transformation. In high-risk PV, ruxolitinib controls blood counts and improves symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS MAJIC-PV is a randomized phase II trial of ruxolitinib versus best available therapy (BAT) in patients resistant/intolerant to hydroxycarbamide (HC-INT/RES). Primary outcome was complete response (CR) within 1 year. Secondary outcomes included duration of response, event-free survival (EFS), symptom, and molecular response. RESULTS One hundred eighty patients were randomly assigned. CR was achieved in 40 (43%) patients on ruxolitinib versus 23 (26%) on BAT (odds ratio, 2.12; 90% CI, 1.25 to 3.60; P = .02). Duration of CR was superior for ruxolitinib (hazard ratio [HR], 0.38; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.61; P < .001). Symptom responses were better with ruxolitinib and durable. EFS (major thrombosis, hemorrhage, transformation, and death) was superior for patients attaining CR within 1 year (HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.78; P = .01); and those on ruxolitinib (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.94; P = .03). Serial analysis of JAK2V617F variant allele fraction revealed molecular response was more frequent with ruxolitinib and was associated with improved outcomes (progression-free survival [PFS] P = .001, EFS P = .001, overall survival P = .01) and clearance of JAK2V617F stem/progenitor cells. ASXL1 mutations predicted for adverse EFS (HR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.47 to 6.17; P = .003). The safety profile of ruxolitinib was as previously reported. CONCLUSION The MAJIC-PV study demonstrates ruxolitinib treatment benefits HC-INT/RES PV patients with superior CR, and EFS as well as molecular response; importantly also demonstrating for the first time, to our knowledge, that molecular response is linked to EFS, PFS, and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire N. Harrison
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jyoti Nangalia
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Boucher
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aimee Jackson
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Yap
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer O'Sullivan
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Fox
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Isaak Ailts
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Amylou C. Dueck
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Holly L. Geyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Ruben A. Mesa
- Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, TX
| | - William G. Dunn
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene Nadezhdin
- Wellcome Sanger Institute Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Curto-Garcia
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Green
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bridget Wilkins
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Coppell
- Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - John Laurie
- Worthing Hospital, Western Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, United Kingdom
| | - Mamta Garg
- University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Ewing
- Birmingham Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Knapper
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ioannis Koutsavlis
- Western General Hospital, Lothian Health Board, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Godfrey
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Siamak Arami
- London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Drummond
- The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Byrne
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Clark
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elizabeth Joanna Baxter
- Haematology, Cambridge Blood and Stem Cell Biobank NHS-BT Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adam J. Mead
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Laurie J, Higgins N, Peynot T, Fawcett L, Roberts J. An evaluation of a video magnification-based system for respiratory rate monitoring in an acute mental health setting. Int J Med Inform 2021; 148:104378. [PMID: 33486356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2021.104378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT One of the most important goals of inpatient psychiatric care is to provide a safe and therapeutic environment for both patients and staff. A small number of aggressive or agitated patients are difficult to sedate, even after multiple doses of sedating antipsychotics. Adverse effects can result in harm to the patient and staff and that observations are conducted without touching the patient. AIM This study aims to determine if motion magnification can improve the feasibility of non-contact respirations monitoring over a video feed. METHODS Registered nurses were invited to view seven pairs of pre-recorded footage of healthy volunteers and count the number of breaths that they observe over a period of one minute for each. One of the paired videos was unprocessed and the other magnified the motion of chest rise and fall. RESULTS Nursing observation of respirations showed an improvement in reduction of count error from 15.7 % to 1.5 % after video magnification of respiratory movement. Nurses also stated that viewing the processed video was much easier to make their observations from. CONCLUSION It is possible to use magnified video to monitor respirations of patients during circumstances where it is potentially difficult to obtain. Further observational studies should be conducted on a larger scale with this type of technique and is urgently needed to inform practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Laurie
- Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia.
| | - N Higgins
- Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Mental Health, Herston, Australia
| | - T Peynot
- Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - L Fawcett
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Mental Health, Herston, Australia; Australian Catholic University, Banyo, Australia
| | - J Roberts
- Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
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Abstract
Recent advances in genome engineering are revolutionizing crop research and plant breeding. The ability to make specific modifications to a plant's genetic material creates opportunities for rapid development of elite cultivars with desired traits. The plant genome can be altered in several ways, including targeted introduction of nucleotide changes, deleting DNA segments, introducing exogenous DNA fragments and epigenetic modifications. Targeted changes are mediated by sequence specific nucleases (SSNs), such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR (clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR associated protein) systems. Recent advances in engineering chimeric Cas nucleases fused to base editing enzymes permit for even greater precision in base editing and control over gene expression. In addition to gene editing technologies, improvement in delivery systems of exogenous DNA into plant cells have increased the rate of successful gene editing events. Regeneration of fertile plants containing the desired edits remains challenging; however, manipulation of embryogenesis-related genes such as BABY BOOM (BBM) has been shown to facilitate regeneration through tissue culture, often a major hurdle in recalcitrant cultivars. Epigenome reprogramming for improved crop performance is another possibility for future breeders, with recent studies on MutS HOMOLOG 1 (MSH1) demonstrating epigenetic-dependent hybrid vigor in several crops. While these technologies offer plant breeders new tools in creating high yielding, better adapted crop varieties, constantly evolving government policy regarding the cultivation of plants containing transgenes may impede the widespread adoption of some of these techniques. This chapter summarizes advances in genome editing tools and discusses the future of these techniques for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Bilichak
- Morden Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada.
| | - Daniel Gaudet
- The University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - John Laurie
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Xin M, Yang R, Li G, Chen H, Laurie J, Ma C, Wang D, Yao Y, Larkins BA, Sun Q, Yadegari R, Wang X, Ni Z. Dynamic expression of imprinted genes associates with maternally controlled nutrient allocation during maize endosperm development. Plant Cell 2013; 25:3212-27. [PMID: 24058158 PMCID: PMC3809528 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.115592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperms, the endosperm provides nutrients for embryogenesis and seed germination and is the primary tissue where gene imprinting occurs. To identify the imprintome of early developing maize (Zea mays) endosperm, we performed high-throughput transcriptome sequencing of whole kernels at 0, 3, and 5 d after pollination (DAP) and endosperms at 7, 10, and 15 DAP, using B73 by Mo17 reciprocal crosses. We observed gradually increased expression of paternal transcripts in 3- and 5-DAP kernels. In 7-DAP endosperm, the majority of the genes tested reached a 2:1 maternal versus paternal ratio, suggesting that paternal genes are nearly fully activated by 7 DAP. A total of 116, 234, and 63 genes exhibiting parent-specific expression were identified at 7, 10, and 15 DAP, respectively. The largest proportion of paternally expressed genes was at 7 DAP, mainly due to the significantly deviated parental allele expression ratio of these genes at this stage, while nearly 80% of the maternally expressed genes (MEGs) were specific to 10 DAP and were primarily attributed to sharply increased expression levels compared with the other stages. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of the imprinted genes suggested that 10-DAP endosperm-specific MEGs are involved in nutrient uptake and allocation and the auxin signaling pathway, coincident with the onset of starch and storage protein accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Xin
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0036
| | - Ruolin Yang
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0036
| | - Guosheng Li
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0036
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0036
| | - John Laurie
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0036
| | - Chuang Ma
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0036
| | - Dongfang Wang
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0036
| | - Yingyin Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Brian A. Larkins
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0036
| | - Qixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ramin Yadegari
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0036
| | - Xiangfeng Wang
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0036
- Address correspondence to
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Fenger-Eriksen C, Christiansen K, Laurie J, Sørensen B, Rea C. Fibrinogen concentrate and cryoprecipitate but not fresh frozen plasma correct low fibrinogen concentrations following in vitro haemodilution. Thromb Res 2013; 131:e210-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Laurie J, Linning R, Wong P, bakkeren G. Do TE activity and counteracting genome defenses, RNAi and methylation, shape the sex lives of smut fungi? Plant Signal Behav 2013; 8:e23853. [PMID: 23425853 PMCID: PMC7030187 DOI: 10.4161/psb.23853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The availability of three genomes from smut fungi differing in mating, TE load, and genome defense mechanisms, allowed a comparative analyses and a discussion on evolutionary forces shaping them. A complex balance of selective forces seems at play. A bipolar mating system in Ustilago hordei promotes selfing, advantageous for successful niche occupation but favoring accumulation of repetitive DNA, including TEs. TE activity may have caused genome variations necessary for these obligate parasites under high host selection pressures. Higher TE activity is balanced by genome defenses through recombination, RNAi, methylation and RIP mutagenesis. In tetrapolar U. maydis, lacking silencing and possibly methylation mechanisms, reduced inbreeding potential favors removal of repetitive DNA, presumably by its highly-efficient recombination system.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Laurie
- Agriculture &Agri-Food Canada; Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre; Summerland, BC Canada
| | - Rob Linning
- Agriculture &Agri-Food Canada; Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre; Summerland, BC Canada
| | - Philip Wong
- Helmholtz Zentrum München; German Research Center for Environmental Health; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology; Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Guus bakkeren
- Agriculture &Agri-Food Canada; Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre; Summerland, BC Canada
- Correspondence to: Guus bakkeren,
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Yapa HMN, McLornan DP, Raj K, Streetly M, Kazmi M, Cuthill K, Laurie J, Menon PA, Macmahon E. Pneumonitis post-haematopoeitic stem cell transplant - cytopathology clinches diagnosis. J Clin Virol 2012; 55:278-81. [PMID: 22959064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary BK virus (BKV) infection is probably acquired by the respiratory route in childhood, and latent virus persists principally in the urinary tract. BKV reactivation is implicated in late onset haemorrhagic cystitis (HC) post Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT). There is emerging evidence that BKV can cause life-threatening pneumonitis in immunocompromised individuals. OBJECTIVES To describe the first known case of BKV pneumonitis in an adult HSCT recipient. STUDY DESIGN/RESULTS A 19-year old male underwent an ABO-incompatible, volunteer unrelated donor allogeneic HSCT for high risk AML. The post-transplant period was complicated by moderate-severe cutaneous and gut acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and severe HC, attributable to BKV. Treatment encompassed intensification of immunosupression for aGVHD and weekly intravenous (IV) cidofovir (2.5mg/Kg) for BK viruria. He was readmitted with presumed septic shock and acute renal failure. After a transient improvement on broad spectrum antibacterials, he suffered significant respiratory deterioration. CT imaging revealed diffuse 'ground-glass' attenuation. Cytopathological assessment of a broncho-alveolar sample (BAL) was consistent with polyomavirus pneumonitis. No other cause was found to account for the respiratory deterioration. He did not respond to therapy and died of multi-organ failure. CONCLUSIONS BKV is implicated in haemorrhagic cystitis in HSCT recipients but not routinely considered as a cause of pneumonitis. There are just 5 other cases in the literature, including 3 patients with AIDS. BKV should be considered as a possible cause of pneumonitis in HSCT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Manisha N Yapa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Criscuolo F, Monaghan P, Proust A, Skorpilová J, Laurie J, Metcalfe NB. Costs of compensation: effect of early life conditions and reproduction on flight performance in zebra finches. Oecologia 2011; 167:315-23. [PMID: 21472417 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-1986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Conditions experienced in early life have been shown to affect the development or programming of physiological processes. While animals may recover from earlier periods of adversity, this process can carry long-term costs. Such long-term effects are likely to be most evident when individuals are placed in demanding situations that require high performance. Escape flight speed in passerine birds is crucial to predator evasion and requires very rapid take-off. Here, we examine whether the ability to maintain escape flight performance during the immediate post-breeding period is influenced by conditions in early life. We manipulated the early life conditions experienced by zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) by rearing them on either low or high quality food through the growth period, or by changing conditions halfway through the nestling period, moving from high to low or vice versa. While there was no difference amongst the treatment groups in body size attained by adulthood, amongst the birds that experienced low quality food, the body size of those that were switched to a high quality diet halfway through the nestling growth period recovered faster than those that had low quality food until fledging. We found no differences amongst the dietary groups in flight performance at adulthood prior to breeding, and all groups showed a decline in average escape flight performance over the breeding period. However, the magnitude of the post-breeding decline in flight performance for a given level of reproductive output was significantly greater for those females that had experienced a switch from a low to a high quality diet during the nestling phase. These results suggest that this diet-induced rapid recovery of body size, which may have immediate competitive advantages, nonetheless carries locomotory costs in later life manifest in the capacity to sustain the high performance escape response during the post-reproductive recovery phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Criscuolo
- IPHC, Département d'Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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Abstract
Since the inception of blood banking, refinements in laboratory processes have allowed for progressively longer storage times of red blood cells. Whilst advantageous for the logistics of stock management, the clinical impact of the duration of red blood cell storage prior to transfusion remains uncertain, and a topic of growing interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Laurie
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Laurie J, Kennedy G, Rutherford G. Administration of antiretroviral post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to decrease HIV infection in individuals exposed to HIV. Hippokratia 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd002835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Prior to re-housing a colony of laboratory short-tail grey opossums, the animals were found to harbour salmonella. This paper describes an unsuccessful attempt to eradicate the infection from the colony by means of antibiotic treatment and hygienic measures. A pilot treatment of five animals which received enrofloxacin 10 mg/kg for 5 days appeared to be successful in that no salmonellae were recovered from faeces or organs sampled after treatment. The process was repeated on the whole colony prior to a change of accommodation but 2 animals were found to be still infected, 5 weeks after cessation of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Wilkinson
- Department of Biological Services, Veterinary Research Facility, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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Laurie J. Automation: the next step for dentistry. Dent Today 2000; 19:36, 42-3. [PMID: 15027285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
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McCabe JF, Murray ID, Laurie J, Kelly PJ. A method for scoring denture plaque. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 1996; 4:59-64. [PMID: 9171023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have reported on the comparative efficiency of denture cleaning materials in their ability to remove deposits from dentures, but because of the variety of scoring methods used it is often difficult to make direct comparisons between materials. It is important that any measurements obtained should not only be accurate, reliable and reproducible but that inter-examiner error should be kept to a minimum. In this work three operators were asked to score 'blind' the total amount of disclosed plaque on a whole denture using a 0-10 scale. The overall conclusions of this test was that of poor inter-examiner agreement. A second test was therefore undertaken at a later date using the same three operators and protocol but on this occasion each surface of the denture was evaluated by reference to a series of standard reference dentures painted to simulate plaque scores in the 0-10 range. This test showed there to be no significant difference in the plaque scores recorded by the three operators and that the plaque scores recorded on the polished surfaces were significantly lower than those on the teeth and fitting surfaces (F = 10.55, P < 0.001).
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Jones RD, Symonds RP, Habeshaw T, Watson ER, Laurie J, Lamont DW. A comparison of remote afterloading and manually inserted caesium in the treatment of carcinoma of cervix. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 1990; 2:193-8. [PMID: 2261414 DOI: 10.1016/s0936-6555(05)80167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Between 1982 and 1985, 240 patients with carcinoma of cervix were treated by radical radiotherapy, 140 using the selectron at the Royal Beatson Memorial Hospital (RBMH) and 100 with conventional caesium at the Western Infirmary. To allow for the increased dose rate to point A (1.2-1.4 Gy/h) during selectron treatment the overall intracavity dose was reduced by a mean value of 25%. Local recurrence rates were similar: 15% (selectron) against 14% (conventional). Three-year survival with local control was somewhat worse in the selectron group (77% against 81%) mainly because of an increased frequency of metastatic disease with local control (19.3% against 12.0%. The use of remote afterloading has not increased late morbidity (15.7% selectron, 15.0% conventional). The introduction of the selectron has brought about a marked reduction in staff radiation exposure. At the RBMH the mean recorded dose to nurses fell from 19 mSv in 1981 to 2.4 mSv in 1985.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Jones
- Beatson Oncology Centre, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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Baillie AJ, Coombs GH, Dolan TF, Laurie J. Non-ionic surfactant vesicles, niosomes, as a delivery system for the anti-leishmanial drug, sodium stibogluconate. J Pharm Pharmacol 1986; 38:502-5. [PMID: 2875149 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1986.tb04623.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Liver and serum concentrations of antimony in the mouse have been determined after administration of sodium stibogluconate in the free, liposomal and niosomal form. High liver and low serum values were attained by the use of both vesicular formulations. Niosomal sodium stibogluconate was shown to be more active than free drug against experimental murine visceral leishmaniasis, an effect apparently dependent on maintaining high drug levels in the infected reticuloendothelial system.
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Windschitl H, Scott M, Schutt A, McCormack G, Everson L, Cullinan S, Gerstner J, Krook J, Laurie J, Shreck R. Randomized phase II studies in advanced colorectal carcinoma: a North Central Cancer Treatment Group study. Cancer Treat Rep 1983; 67:1001-1008. [PMID: 6640551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
5-FU, semustine (MeCCNU), triazinate (TZT), and razoxane (ICRF-159) have each shown activity against advanced colorectal cancer in studies by at least two investigative groups. Objective response rates, however, have been low, without evidence of increased patient survival. The hope of this study was that enhanced activity might result from giving these agents in two-drug combinations. There were 167 eligible and evaluable patients randomized among the programs: 5-FU at a dose of 500 mg/m2/day by iv push X 5 (F); 5-FU at a dose of 400 mg/m2/day iv X 5 plus TZT at a dose of 175 mg/m2/day iv X 3 (FT); 5-FU at a dose of 400 mg/m2/day plus ICRF-159 at a dose of 600 mg/m2/day orally X 3 (FI); MeCCNU at a dose of 150 mg/m2/day orally plus TZT at a dose of 200 mg/m2/day iv X 3 (MT); MeCCNU at a dose of 150 mg/m2 orally plus ICRF-159 at a dose of 500 mg/m2/day orally X 3 (MI); and ICRF-159 at a dose of 425 mg/m2/day orally X 3 plus TZT at a dose of 125 mg/m2/day iv X 3 (IT). Patients with limiting conditions (serum creatinine greater than 1.5 mg/dl or elevated bilirubin) were randomized among programs F, FI, and MI. Objective response rates by treatment arm were: F--13% (four of 31 patients); FT--13% (four of 31); FI--15% (four of 27); MT--11% (three of 28); MI--13% (four of 32); and IT--6% (one of 17). Response rates of combination arms were not significantly larger than those of 5-FU alone. With regard to survival, patients initially treated with 5-FU alone had the most favorable experience (median, 10.8 mos). Multivariate analysis showed the following factors to have a significant and independent influence on survival: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score, grade, site of indicator lesion, and the presence of 5-FU in the treatment regimen. Toxic effects most frequently seen were nausea, vomiting, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, diarrhea, stomatitis, alopecia, and dermatitis. The incidence and severity of toxicity were roughly comparable among the six treatment arms.
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Abstract
An osteogenic sarcoma arose in the right orbit of a 7-year-old boy some 5 years after the right orbit had been treated by four courses of radiotherapy (total dose approximately 13,000 rads) for a multicentric retinoblastoma. Death occurred 6 months after the orbital tumor was first detected. Study of the orbital tumor by electron microscopy revealed a cell population of varied morphology in which two main types were identified. In one group, the cells were large with radiolucent cytoplasm, which contained long branching segments of rough endoplasmic reticulum. In the second group, the cells were smaller with irregular nuclei and an electron-dense cytoplasm, which contained short segments of dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and numerous mitochondria. The first group of cells closely resembled osteoblasts, while the second group had some features of osteoclasts or their percursors. The branching processes of the tumor cells were separated by an amorphous ground substance, which contained collagen-like fibrils and hydroxyapatite crystals. Crystal deposition was in some instances in close relation to extracellular membrane-bound vesicles.
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Cowell MA, Laurie J. The treatment of carcinoma of the cervix uteri, stages I and II, with radium and 4 MeV supplementary x rays. A preliminary communication. Br J Radiol 1967; 40:43-7. [PMID: 4959299 DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-40-469-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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