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Loke J, Upasani V, Gaskell C, Fox S, Fletcher R, Thomas C, Hopkins L, Kumari A, Tang T, Yafai E, Boucher R, Homer V, Toth A, Chan YLT, Randall K, Rider T, O'Nions J, Drew V, Pillai A, Dungarwalla M, Murray D, Khan A, Wandroo F, Moore S, Krishnamurthy P, Huang YWJ, Knapper S, Byrne J, Zhao R, Craddock C, Parry H, Moss P, Stanworth SJ, Lowe DM. Defective T-cell response to COVID-19 vaccination in acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. Br J Haematol 2023; 202:498-503. [PMID: 37303189 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Limited data exist on COVID-19 vaccination efficacy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplasia with excess blasts (AML/MDS-EB2). We report results from a prospective study, PACE (Patients with AML and COVID-19 Epidemiology). 93 patients provided samples post-vaccine 2 or 3 (PV2, PV3). Antibodies against SARS-COV-2 spike antigen were detectable in all samples. Neutralization of the omicron variant was poorer than ancestral variants but improved PV3. In contrast, adequate T-cell reactivity to SARS-COV-2 spike protein was seen in only 16/47 (34%) patients PV2 and 23/52 (44%) PV3. Using regression models, disease response (not in CR/Cri), and increasing age predicted poor T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Loke
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Sonia Fox
- CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rachel Fletcher
- CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Catherine Thomas
- CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Louise Hopkins
- CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anita Kumari
- CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tina Tang
- CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emily Yafai
- CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rebecca Boucher
- CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Victoria Homer
- CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Arpad Toth
- Clatterbridge Cancer Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Katie Randall
- South Warwickshire University NHS Foundation Trust, Warwick, UK
| | - Tom Rider
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Farooq Wandroo
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, West Bromwich, UK
| | - Sally Moore
- Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK
| | | | | | | | - Jenny Byrne
- Nottingham University Hospitals Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Charles Craddock
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helen Parry
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon J Stanworth
- Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, UK
| | - David M Lowe
- University College London, London, UK
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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2
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Harrison CN, Nangalia J, Boucher R, Jackson A, Yap C, O'Sullivan J, Fox S, Ailts I, Dueck AC, Geyer HL, Mesa RA, Dunn WG, Nadezhdin E, Curto-Garcia N, Green A, Wilkins B, Coppell J, Laurie J, Garg M, Ewing J, Knapper S, Crowe J, Chen F, Koutsavlis I, Godfrey A, Arami S, Drummond M, Byrne J, Clark F, Mead-Harvey C, Baxter EJ, McMullin MF, Mead AJ. Ruxolitinib Versus Best Available Therapy for Polycythemia Vera Intolerant or Resistant to Hydroxycarbamide in a Randomized Trial. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:3534-3544. [PMID: 37126762 PMCID: PMC10306428 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.01935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycythemia vera (PV) is characterized by JAK/STAT activation, thrombotic/hemorrhagic events, systemic symptoms, and disease transformation. In high-risk PV, ruxolitinib controls blood counts and improves symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS MAJIC-PV is a randomized phase II trial of ruxolitinib versus best available therapy (BAT) in patients resistant/intolerant to hydroxycarbamide (HC-INT/RES). Primary outcome was complete response (CR) within 1 year. Secondary outcomes included duration of response, event-free survival (EFS), symptom, and molecular response. RESULTS One hundred eighty patients were randomly assigned. CR was achieved in 40 (43%) patients on ruxolitinib versus 23 (26%) on BAT (odds ratio, 2.12; 90% CI, 1.25 to 3.60; P = .02). Duration of CR was superior for ruxolitinib (hazard ratio [HR], 0.38; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.61; P < .001). Symptom responses were better with ruxolitinib and durable. EFS (major thrombosis, hemorrhage, transformation, and death) was superior for patients attaining CR within 1 year (HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.78; P = .01); and those on ruxolitinib (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.94; P = .03). Serial analysis of JAK2V617F variant allele fraction revealed molecular response was more frequent with ruxolitinib and was associated with improved outcomes (progression-free survival [PFS] P = .001, EFS P = .001, overall survival P = .01) and clearance of JAK2V617F stem/progenitor cells. ASXL1 mutations predicted for adverse EFS (HR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.47 to 6.17; P = .003). The safety profile of ruxolitinib was as previously reported. CONCLUSION The MAJIC-PV study demonstrates ruxolitinib treatment benefits HC-INT/RES PV patients with superior CR, and EFS as well as molecular response; importantly also demonstrating for the first time, to our knowledge, that molecular response is linked to EFS, PFS, and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire N. Harrison
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jyoti Nangalia
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Boucher
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aimee Jackson
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Yap
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer O'Sullivan
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Fox
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Isaak Ailts
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Amylou C. Dueck
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Holly L. Geyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Ruben A. Mesa
- Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, TX
| | - William G. Dunn
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene Nadezhdin
- Wellcome Sanger Institute Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Curto-Garcia
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Green
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bridget Wilkins
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Coppell
- Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - John Laurie
- Worthing Hospital, Western Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, United Kingdom
| | - Mamta Garg
- University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Ewing
- Birmingham Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Knapper
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ioannis Koutsavlis
- Western General Hospital, Lothian Health Board, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Godfrey
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Siamak Arami
- London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Drummond
- The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Byrne
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Clark
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elizabeth Joanna Baxter
- Haematology, Cambridge Blood and Stem Cell Biobank NHS-BT Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adam J. Mead
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Shanthikumar S, Kim S, Giacalone V, Rao P, Ranganathan S, Karpievitch Y, Stick S, Boucher R, Tirouvanziam R, Chandler J, Esther C. 446 Metabolites in early life bronchoalveolar fluid associate with future bronchiectasis risk in children with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)01136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sternberg A, Boucher R, Coulthard HC, Raghavan M, Culligan D, Jackson A, Cargo C, Dennis M, Metzner M, O'Sullivan J, Moore R, Bowen D, Vyas P. Phase Ib study of eltrombopag and azacitidine in patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes and related disorders (the ELASTIC study). Br J Haematol 2022; 199:222-229. [PMID: 35918828 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Treating adverse risk myelodysplastic syndromes with azacitidine exacerbates thrombocytopenia. We report a study of eltrombopag in combination with azacitidine using a 3 + 3 cohort design. Patients with baseline platelets of <150 × 109 /l received eltrombopag ranging from 25 to 300 mg. An 8-day pre-phase of eltrombopag was followed by two cycles of combined therapy. Amongst 31 patients, there were no dose-limiting toxicities. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 300 mg. Transient increases in bone marrow blasts at day 8 were common but no patient had protocol-defined progression following eltrombopag monotherapy. Marrow response rates after three and six treatment cycles were 32% and 29% respectively. In all, 70% of patients treated below and 36% treated at the MTD achieved a modified International Working Group 2006 platelet response at the end of cycle two. Of the platelet transfusion independent patients at baseline, 67% treated at the MTD became transfusion dependent during the first two cycles of treatment. Apart from lack of disease progression, our findings concur with a previously reported Phase III study (A StUdy of eltromboPag in myelodysPlastic SyndrOmes Receiving azaciTidine [SUPPORT]). We conclude that eltrombopag/azacitidine is safe in terms of conventional measures defined by adverse-event reporting. However, in light of SUPPORT and our own descriptive findings regarding efficacy, further combination studies in high-risk disease should be considered with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Boucher
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Manoj Raghavan
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dominic Culligan
- Department of Haematology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Aimee Jackson
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Catherine Cargo
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - Mike Dennis
- Department of Haematology, The Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Marlen Metzner
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer O'Sullivan
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachel Moore
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - David Bowen
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - Paresh Vyas
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Livraghi-Butrico A, Grubb B, Carpenter J, Danielsen S, Markovetz M, Chen G, Radicioni G, Saldana-Montavon A, Sun L, Gutay M, Vilar J, Ehre C, Thornton D, Cowley D, O'Neal W, Hill D, Button B, Kesimer M, Rubinstein M, Boucher R. 404 Why are mucins so gigantic, and is it rational to sever them to aid mucus clearance? J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)01094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Loke J, Metzner M, Boucher R, Jackson A, Hopkins L, Pavlu J, Tholouli E, Drummond M, Peniket A, Bishop R, Fox S, Vyas P, Craddock C. Combination romidepsin and azacitidine therapy is well tolerated and clinically active in adults with high-risk acute myeloid leukaemia ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. Br J Haematol 2022; 196:368-373. [PMID: 34490623 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Azacitidine (AZA) is important in the management of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) who are ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. Romidepsin (ROM) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor which synergises with AZA in vitro. The ROMAZA trial established the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of combined ROM/AZA therapy in patients with AML, as ROM 12 mg/m2 on Days 8 and 15, with AZA 75 mg/m2 administered for 7/28 day cycle. Nine of the 38 (23·7%) patients treated at the MTD were classified as responders by Cycle 6 (best response: complete remission [CR]/incomplete CR n = 7, partial response n = 2). Correlative next-generation sequencing studies demonstrated important insights into therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Loke
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, University Hospital Birmingham, UK
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marlen Metzner
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Rebecca Boucher
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Aimee Jackson
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Louise Hopkins
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jiri Pavlu
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London at Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Eleni Tholouli
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark Drummond
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, UK
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andy Peniket
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals Foundation NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Rebecca Bishop
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sonia Fox
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paresh Vyas
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals Foundation NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Charles Craddock
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, University Hospital Birmingham, UK
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Lee R, Okuda K, Gallant S, Grubb B, Rogers T, Nakano S, Pickles R, Boucher R, Randell S. 668: Novel method of ex vivo airway tissue culture to model cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)02091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Esther C, Shanthikumar S, Schultz A, McNally P, Ranganathan S, Stick S, Boucher R. 576: Ivacaftor treatment alters the relationship between mucoinflammation and structural lung disease in preschool-aged children with CF. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mikami Y, Grubb B, Rogers T, Dang H, Kota P, Gilmore R, Okuda K, Asakura T, Kato T, Gentzsch M, Stutts J, Randell S, O’Neal W, Boucher R. 366: Airway Obstruction Produces Hypoxia-Dependent Sodium Absorption in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Asakura T, Okuda K, Chen G, Gilmore R, Kato T, Mikami Y, Cardenas SB, Chua M, Masugi Y, Noone P, Ribeiro C, Doerschuk C, Hasegawa N, Randell S, O’Neal W, Boucher R. 357: Molecular characterization of airway in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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O’Sullivan JM, Hamblin A, Yap C, Fox S, Boucher R, Panchal A, Alimam S, Dreau H, Howard K, Ware P, Cross NC, McMullin MF, Harrison CN, Mead AJ. The poor outcome in high molecular risk, hydroxycarbamide-resistant/intolerant ET is not ameliorated by ruxolitinib. Blood 2019; 134:2107-2111. [PMID: 31578205 PMCID: PMC6917505 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) patients at high-risk of thrombosis require cytoreductive treatment, typically with hydroxycarbamide. Many patients are resistant or intolerant to hydroxycarbamide (HC-RES/INT) and are at increased risk of disease progression. MAJIC-ET is a randomized phase 2 study comparing ruxolitinib (RUX) to best available therapy (BAT) in HC-RES/INT ET, which showed no difference between the two arms in rates of hematological response or disease progression. The impact of additional non-MPN driver mutations (NDM) on the risk of disease complications in HC-RES/INT ET patients is unknown. Since the presence of NDM may influence trial outcomes, we expand the primary MAJIC-ET analysis to serially evaluate NDM in MAJIC-ET patients using a targeted myeloid 32-gene panel. NDM at baseline were detected in 30% of patients, most frequently affecting TET2 (11%) followed by TP53 (6.4%) and SF3B1 (6.4%). The presence of a NDM was associated with inferior 4-year transformation-free survival (TFS; 65.4% [95% CI 53.3 – 75%] vs. 82.8% [95% CI 73.2 – 89.1%], p=0.017). Specifically, TP53 (p=0.01) and splicing factor (SF, SF3B1, ZRSR2, SRSF2 ; p<0.001), but not TET2 mutations were associated with reduced TFS which was not mitigated by RUX treatment. Longitudinal analysis identified new mutations in 19.3% of patients; primarily affecting TET2, TP53 and SF3B1 . We report the first comprehensive mutational analysis of HC-RES/INT ET patients and highlight the clinical/prognostic utility of serial mutation analysis for NDM in HC-RES/INT ET, including the importance of SF and TP53 mutations which identify HC-RES/INT ET patients at increased risk of disease transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. O’Sullivan
- Department of Haematology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory and MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Hamblin
- Oxford Molecular Diagnostics Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Yap
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Fox
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Boucher
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anesh Panchal
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Samah Alimam
- Department of Haematology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helene Dreau
- Oxford Molecular Diagnostics Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran Howard
- Oxford Molecular Diagnostics Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline Ware
- Oxford Molecular Diagnostics Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Claire N. Harrison
- Department of Haematology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J. Mead
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory and MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Hillmen P, Rawstron AC, Brock K, Muñoz-Vicente S, Yates FJ, Bishop R, Boucher R, MacDonald D, Fegan C, McCaig A, Schuh A, Pettitt A, Gribben JG, Patten PE, Devereux S, Bloor A, Fox CP, Forconi F, Munir T. Ibrutinib Plus Venetoclax in Relapsed/Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: The CLARITY Study. J Clin Oncol 2019; 37:2722-2729. [PMID: 31295041 PMCID: PMC6879312 DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been revolutionized by targeted therapies that either inhibit proliferation (ibrutinib) or reactivate apoptosis (venetoclax). Both significantly improve survival in CLL and replace chemoimmunotherapy for many patients. However, individually, they rarely lead to eradication of measurable residual disease (MRD) and usually are taken indefinitely or until progression. We present the CLARITY trial that combined ibrutinib with venetoclax to eradicate detectable CLL with the intention of stopping therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS CLARITY is a phase II trial that combined ibrutinib with venetoclax in patients with relapsed or refractory CLL. The primary end point was eradication of MRD after 12 months of combined therapy. Key secondary end points were response by International Workshop on CLL criteria, safety, and progression-free and overall survival. RESULTS In 53 patients after 12 months of ibrutinib plus venetoclax, MRD negativity (fewer than one CLL cell in 10,000 leukocytes) was achieved in the blood of 28 (53%) and the marrow of 19 (36%). Forty-seven patients (89%) responded, and 27 (51%) achieved a complete remission. After a median follow-up of 21.1 months, one patient progressed, and all patients were alive. A single case of biochemical tumor lysis syndrome was observed. Other adverse effects were mild and/or manageable and most commonly were neutropenia or GI events. CONCLUSION The combination of ibrutinib plus venetoclax was well tolerated in patients with relapsed or refractory CLL. There was a high rate of MRD eradication that led to the cessation of therapy in some patients. The progression-free and overall survival rates are encouraging for relapsed and refractory CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hillmen
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- St James’s Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kristian Brock
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Rebecca Bishop
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Boucher
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christopher Fegan
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alison McCaig
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Schuh
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Piers E.M. Patten
- Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- King's College London, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Devereux
- Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Bloor
- Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Francesco Forconi
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Talha Munir
- St James’s Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Einarsson G, Sherrard L, Zorn B, Hatch J, McGettigan C, Bradbury I, Campbell C, Johnston E, O'Neill K, McIlreavey L, McGrath S, Gilpin D, Murray M, Lavelle G, McElvaney G, Wolfgang M, Boucher R, Muhlebach M, Elborn J, Tunney M. P140 Microbial community composition in cystic fibrosis patients during treatment for pulmonary exacerbation. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Curto-Garcia N, Baxter J, Harris E, McMullin M, Mead A, Yap C, Boucher R, Fox S, Harrison C. S1607 MOLECULAR ANALYSIS IN MAJIC PV CORRELATION WITH CLINICAL ENDPOINTS. Hemasphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/01.hs9.0000564676.68330.b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Appleby N, Eyre TA, Cabes M, Jackson A, Boucher R, Yates F, Fox S, Rawstron A, Hillmen P, Schuh A. The STELLAR trial protocol: a prospective multicentre trial for Richter's syndrome consisting of a randomised trial investigation CHOP-R with or without acalabrutinib for newly diagnosed RS and a single-arm platform study for evaluation of novel agents in relapsed disease. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:471. [PMID: 31109313 PMCID: PMC6528290 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5717-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLCBL) type Richter's syndrome (RS) carries a dismal prognosis. Standard-of-care chemoimmunotherapy for de novo RS is inadequate with median survival of less than one year. Patients are frequently elderly or have co-morbidities limiting dose-intense chemotherapy. Treatment of relapsed/refractory (R/R) RS and RS emerging after CLL-directed therapy represent urgent unmet clinical needs. Agents targeting Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) deliver improved outcomes for patients with high-risk CLL and expand effective treatments to frailer patients. Acalabrutinib is an oral, second-generation BTK inhibitor with a favourable toxicity profile and demonstrated activity in CLL and B-cell lymphomas. Combination of acalabrutinib with standard-of-care CHOP-R chemoimmunotherapy offers a sound rationale to test in a prospective trial for de novo RS. METHODS The prospective multicentre STELLAR study is designed in two elements, consisting of a randomised study to evaluate the safety and activity of CHOP-R chemoimmunotherapy in combination with acalabrutinib in newly diagnosed RS and single-arm studies of novel agents for other RS patient cohorts. Eligible patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL-type RS are randomised between six cycles of CHOP-R therapy and six cycles CHOP-R plus acalabrutinib, followed by acalabrutinib maintenance. The primary endpoint of the randomised component is progression free survival (PFS). Cohort 1 enrols RS patients with progressive disease following chemoimmunotherapy for acalabrutinib monotherapy. Patients with RS diagnosed while on ibrutinib may enrol in Cohort 2, a single-arm study of CHOP-R plus acalabrutinib. The primary endpoint for the single-arm studies is overall response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints for all cohorts are overall survival (OS), quality of life and proportion of patients proceeding to stem cell transplantation. The study will be accompanied by exploratory analysis of the mutational landscape of RS and the relationship between dynamic changes in sequential circulating tumour DNA samples and clinical outcomes. DISCUSSION The STELLAR randomised trial evaluates the role of CHOP-R plus acalabrutinib in newly diagnosed RS patients. The single-arm platform studies enable the incorporation of promising novel therapies into the protocol. The STELLAR study has potential to identify novel biomarkers of treatment response in this high-risk malignancy. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT: 2017-004401-40 , registered on the 31-Oct-2017. IRSCTN: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN52839057 , registered on the 04-Mar-2019. ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT03899337 , registered on 02-April-2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Appleby
- Molecular Diagnostic Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Toby A. Eyre
- Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Maite Cabes
- Molecular Diagnostic Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aimee Jackson
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rebecca Boucher
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Francesca Yates
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sonia Fox
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Peter Hillmen
- St. James’s Institute of Oncology, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Anna Schuh
- Molecular Diagnostic Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Ramsey K, Hill D, Markovetz M, Garbarine I, Kesimer M, Boucher R, Stick S, Schultz A. EPS1.02 Biochemical and biophysical properties of bronchial mucus from preschool children with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Sherrard L, Einarsson G, Johnston E, O'neill K, Mcilreavey L, Mcgrath S, Gilpin D, Murray M, Lavelle G, Mcelvaney G, Boucher R, Muchlebach M, Elborn J, Tunney M. P053 Use of extended-quantitative culture does not predict an imminent pulmonary exacerbation. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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MCGettigan C, Spence C, Lee A, Sherrard L, Johnston E, Einarsson G, Elborn J, Downey D, Muhlebach M, Boucher R, MCElvaney G, Michelle M, Lavelle G, Tunney M, Gilpin D. P073 Use of qPCR to analyse changes in total bacterial and Pseudomonas aeruginosa load in cystic fibrosis patients when clinically stable and during exacerbations. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30370-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lancini D, Boucher R, Martin P. The Road Less Travelled: Cavo-Tricuspid Isthmus Ablation from a Superior Approach. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Barthelemy
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Centre D’Etudes Nucléaires Boite Postale No. 6, 92260 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - R. Berger
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Centre D’Etudes Nucléaires Boite Postale No. 6, 92260 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - R. Boucher
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Centre D’Etudes Nucléaires Boite Postale No. 6, 92260 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - L. Hayet
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Centre D’Etudes Nucléaires Boite Postale No. 6, 92260 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
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Kuchel O, Buu NT, Hamet P, Guthrie GP, Cuche JL, Boucher R, Genest J. Catecholamines, cyclic AMP and renin in two contrasting forms of essential hypertension. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 8:27-36. [PMID: 19203 DOI: 10.1159/000400611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Essential hypertension (EH) can be subdivided according to the sympathetic and renin activity into two contrasting forms: (1) borderline beta-hyperadrenergic renin hyperresponsive and (2) stable beta-hypoadrenergic renin hyporesponsive EH. These two forms probably represent two expreme poles in the spectrum of EH in which sympathetic and renin hyper- or hyporeactivity cannot be accounted for by catecholamine determinations solely. beta-Adrenergic responsiveness monitored by plasma cyclic AMP determinations revealed plasma cyclic AMP, renin and circulatory hyperresponsiveness to isoproterenol in borderline hyperadrenergic EH while the opposite, cyclic AMP and renin hyporesponsiveness to insulin-induced hypoglycemia have been described in low renin stable EH. The kidney is in the center of the adrenergic abnormality in the two forms of EH with the borderline one excreting into the urine catecholamines not accounted for by their glomerular filtration. Catecholamines solely, however, do not account for the differences in both forms of EH which can probably be attributed to their different beta-adrenergic responsiveness.
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Boucher R, Abrams K, Lambert PC. Simulating Individual Patient Level Data To Address Treatment Switching When Only Summary Data Are Available. Value Health 2014; 17:A579. [PMID: 27201954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Boucher
- University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - K Abrams
- University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of multiple wavelength pulse CO-oximetry (SpCO) to screen for environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in children. BACKGROUND Exposure to ETS is associated with an increased risk of perioperative respiratory complications in children. It is often difficult to obtain an accurate history for ETS exposure, so a preoperative screening tool is desirable. Carbon monoxide is a measurable product of tobacco combustion. Multiple wavelength pulse CO-oximetry is a recently developed point-of-care monitor. METHODS Following IRB approval and parental consent, 220 children aged 1-16 years having outpatient surgical procedures were enrolled. SpCO was measured preoperatively three times with the Radical-7 Rainbow SET CO-oximeter (Masimo, Irvine, CA, USA). Immediately following induction of anesthesia, a blood sample for laboratory measurement of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and serum cotinine was obtained. Regression analysis determined the correlation of SpCO with serum cotinine values. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves analyzed the discriminating ability of SpCO or COHb to predict ETS exposure based on cotinine cutoff values known to be present in children exposed to ETS. Agreement of SpCO and COHb values was assessed using Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS SpCO did not correlate with cotinine (R(2) = 0.005). Both SpCO and COHb had poor discriminating ability for ETS exposure (area under the ROC curve = 0.606 and 0.562, respectively). SpCO values had poor agreement with COHb values. CONCLUSIONS The point-of-care multiple wavelength pulse CO-oximeter does not appear to be a useful preoperative screening tool for ETS exposure in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Cardwell
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children’s Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Zhaoxing Pan
- Department of Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Rebecca Boucher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children’s Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeannie Zuk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children’s Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert H. Friesen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children’s Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Abstract
Handedness and eye-dominance are undoubtedly associated statistically, although a previous meta-analysis has found that the precise relationship is difficult to explain, with about 35% of right-handers and 57% of left-handers being left eye dominant. Of particular difficulty to genetic or other models is that the proportions are distributed asymmetrically around 50%. The present study asked whether this complicated pattern of association occurred because, following Peters, it is necessary to divide right-and left-handers into consistent handers (who write and throw with the same hand) and inconsistent handers (who write and throw with opposite hands). In an analysis of 10,635 subjects from questionnaire studies, 28.8% of left-handers and 1.6% of right-handers by writing were inconsistent for throwing. Our results also showed that writing hand and throwing hand both relate independently to eyedness, that throwing hand is somewhat more strongly associated with eyedness, and that the awkward asymmetry around 50% is now removed, 24.2% of consistent right-handers being left eye dominant compared with 72.3% of consistent left-handers, and 55.4% of inconsistent right-handers compared with 47.0% of inconsistent left-handers. We conclude that eyedness is phenotypically secondary to writing and throwing handedness. In our discussion we note that eyedness runs in families, we present new data suggesting that writing hand and throwing hand are co-inherited, and we argue that further data are now required to model properly the associations of writing hand, throwing hand, and eyedness, as well as probably also footedness and language dominance.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C McManus
- Dept. of Psychology, University College London, UK
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Perrier CPK, Boucher R, Etchegary H, Sadava SW, Molnar DS. The overlapping contributions of attachment orientation and social support in predicting life-events distress. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement 2010. [DOI: 10.1037/a0018337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dadachova E, Revskaya E, Sesay MA, Damania H, Boucher R, Sellers RS, Howell RC, Burns L, Thornton GB, Natarajan A, Mirick GR, DeNardo SJ, DeNardo GL, Casadevall A. Pre-clinical evaluation and efficacy studies of a melanin-binding IgM antibody labeled with 188Re against experimental human metastatic melanoma in nude mice. Cancer Biol Ther 2008; 7:1116-27. [PMID: 18535406 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.7.7.6197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently there is no satisfactory treatment for metastatic melanoma. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) uses the antigen-antibody interaction to deliver lethal radiation to target cells. Recently we established the feasibility of targeting melanin in tumors with 188-Rhenium ((188)Re)-labeled 6D2 mAb to melanin. Here we carried out pre-clinical development of (188)Re-6D2 to accrue information necessary for a Phase I trial in patients with metastatic melanoma. RESULTS TCEP proved to be effective in generating a sufficient number of -SH groups on 6D2 to ensure high radiolabeling yields with (188)Re and preserved its structural integrity. (188)Re-6D2 was quickly cleared from the blood with the half-life of approximately 5 hrs and from the body--with the half-life of 10 hr. The doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mCi significantly (p < 0.05) slowed down A2058 tumor growth in nude mice, also causing release of melanin into the extracellular space which could provide additional target for repeated treatments. Transient effects of RIT on WBC and platelet counts resolved by Day 14 post-treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tris(2-Carboxyethyl) Phosphine Hydrochloride (TCEP) was evaluated as potential agent for generation of -SH groups on 6D2 mAb. TCEP-treated 6D2 mAb was radiolabeled with (188)Re and its radiochemical purity and stability was measured by ITLC and HPLC and its immunoreactivity--by melanin-binding ELISA. The pharmacokinetics, therapeutic efficacy and acute hematologic toxicity studies were performed in nude mice bearing lightly pigmented A2058 human metastatic melanoma tumors. CONCLUSIONS We have developed radiolabeling and quality control procedures for melanin-binding (188)Re-6D2 mAb which made possible currently an on-going Phase I clinical trial in patients with metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Dadachova
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
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27
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Abstract
Based on the hypothesis that low-threshold calcium conductance in the thalamus might be involved in the pathophysiology of parkinsonian tremor, ethosuximide was given chronically to a monkey previously treated with MPTP and displaying exceptionally a typical rest tremor. After 5 days of daily treatment, the tremor was reduced by 60%. Diltiazem and verapamil which act on different calcium channels had no such effect. Ethosuximide also potentiated the anti-tremor effect of the dopamine D2 agonist LY-171555.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gomez-Mancilla
- Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Québec, Canada
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Abstract
The antitremor effect of the D2 agonist LY 171555 and of the D1 agonist CY 208-243 alone and in combination was tested in a monkey previously rendered parkinsonian by MPTP and displaying exceptionally a rest tremor in the limbs. The D2 agonist suppressed rest tremor in a dose-dependent fashion. The D1 agonist by itself had no effect but it potentiated the effect of a small dose of LY 171555.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gomez-Mancilla
- Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Québec, Canada
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Jeong GH, Boucher R, Klabunde KJ. Reactions of boron atoms and clusters with methane, methyl bromide, and water under matrix isolation conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00165a012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shepard SR, Boucher R, Johnston J, Boerner R, Koch G, Madsen JW, Grella D, Sim BK, Schrimsher JL. Large-scale purification of recombinant human angiostatin. Protein Expr Purif 2000; 20:216-27. [PMID: 11049746 DOI: 10.1006/prep.2000.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A process for the purification of recombinant human angiostatin (rhAngiostatin), produced by Pichia pastoris fermentation operated at the 2000-L scale, is reported. rhAngiostatin was recovered and purified directly from crude fermentation broth by cation exchange expanded bed adsorption chromatography. Anion exchange chromatography, hydroxyapatite chromatography, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography were used for further purification. Full-length rhAngiostatin was separated from rhAngiostatin molecules fragmented by endoproteolysis. On average, 140 g of rhAngiostatin was produced per batch, with an overall yield of 59% (n = 9). The purification process was completed in approximately 48 h and used only inexpensive and nontoxic raw materials. Methods development, process synthesis, and process scale-up data are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Shepard
- Covance Biotechnology Services Inc., 3000 Weston Parkway, Cary, North Carolina 27513, USA.
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Kerem E, Bistritzer T, Hanukoglu A, Hofmann T, Zhou Z, Bennett W, MacLaughlin E, Barker P, Nash M, Quittell L, Boucher R, Knowles MR. Pulmonary epithelial sodium-channel dysfunction and excess airway liquid in pseudohypoaldosteronism. N Engl J Med 1999; 341:156-62. [PMID: 10403853 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199907153410304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active sodium absorption is the dominant mechanism of ion transport in airway epithelium, but its role in pulmonary physiology and airway host defense is unknown. To address this question, we studied the function of airway epithelial cells and determined the frequency of pulmonary symptoms in patients with systemic pseudohypoaldosteronism, a salt-losing disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the genes for the epithelial sodium channel. METHODS In nine patients 1.5 to 22 years of age who had systemic pseudohypoaldosteronism, we tested for mutations in the genes for the epithelial sodium channel, estimated the rate of sodium transport in the airway, determined the volume and ion composition of airway surface liquid, reviewed clinical features, collected laboratory data pertinent to pulmonary function, and, in three adults, measured mucociliary clearance. RESULTS The patients with systemic pseudohypoaldosteronism had loss-of-function mutations in the genes for the epithelial sodium-channel subunits, no sodium absorption from airway surfaces, and a volume of airway surface liquid that was more than twice the normal value. The mean (+/-SE) mucociliary transport rate was higher in the 3 adult patients than in 12 normal subjects (2.0+/-0.7 vs. 0.5+/-0.3 percent per minute, P=0.009). Young patients (those five years of age or less) all had recurrent episodes of chest congestion, coughing, and wheezing, but no airway infections with Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Older patients (those more than five years of age) had less frequent respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Patients with systemic pseudohypoaldosteronism fail to absorb liquid from airway surfaces; the result is an increased volume of liquid in the airways. These results demonstrate that sodium transport has a role in regulating the volume of liquid on airway surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kerem
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Behar KL, Boucher R, Fritch W, Manuelidis L. Changes in N-acetylaspartate and myo-inositol detected in the cerebral cortex of hamsters with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Magn Reson Imaging 1998; 16:963-8. [PMID: 9814779 DOI: 10.1016/s0730-725x(98)00109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The levels of several low-molecular-weight metabolites were measured in 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of extracts of Syrian hamster brain infected with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Metabolite levels were determined in cerebral cortex in CJD-infected and age-matched controls at defined times (40, 65, 85, 105, and 135 days) during the 130- to 135-day incubation period to terminal disease. At 135 days, CJD-infected hamsters showed a significant decrease in N-acetylaspartate of 32% (p < 0.05) and an increase in myo-inositol of 67% (p < 0.001) from age-matched controls. At earlier times (40 to 110 days) levels of N-acetylaspartate and myo-inositol were not significantly different from controls. No significant changes were detected in the cortical levels of glutamate, aspartate, or GABA between 40 and 135 days. The late changes in N-acetylaspartate and myo-inositol in CJD-infected hamsters are similar to those observed in magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of human CJD. Because they also correspond to the changes found in other dementias, including Alzheimer's disease and HIV dementia, these changes indicate converging pathogenetic pathways involved in many neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Behar
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Abstract
Laterality for the processing of melody and timbre was investigated in 64 right-handed non-musicians. In one block of dichotic-listening trials, participants listened for a prespecified target melody, and in a second block they listened for a prespecified target instrument. Females were more accurate on the left ear in the melody task (whereas males tended to show no ear advantage), but there were no significant ear differences in the timbre task for either sex. This supports the idea of a complementary sex-based pattern of lateralization, with males more strongly lateralized for verbal stimuli and females more strongly lateralized for non-verbal stimuli. No relation was observed between lambda measures for the two tasks, suggesting that laterality for melody processing is independent of laterality for timbre processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Boucher
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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Wiliams RC, Boucher R, Brown J, Scull JR, Walker J, Paolini D. Analysis of acetate counter ion and inorganic impurities in pharmaceutical drug substances by capillary ion electrophoresis with conductivity detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1997; 16:469-79. [PMID: 9589406 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(97)00088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis with conductivity detection is a versatile new method for the analysis of counter ions in pharmaceutical drug substances. It is a sensitive and linear technique for determining inorganic ions and short chain carboxylic acids such as acetate. Both acetate counter ion and inorganic impurities can be separated and determined in the same assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Wiliams
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Experimental Station, DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Company, Wilmington, DE 19880-0353, USA
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Hummler E, Barker P, Talbot C, Wang Q, Verdumo C, Grubb B, Gatzy J, Burnier M, Horisberger JD, Beermann F, Boucher R, Rossier BC. A mouse model for the renal salt-wasting syndrome pseudohypoaldosteronism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:11710-5. [PMID: 9326675 PMCID: PMC23605 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.21.11710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone-dependent epithelial sodium transport in the distal nephron is mediated by the absorption of sodium through the highly selective, amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) made of three homologous subunits (alpha, beta, and gamma). In human, autosomal recessive mutations of alpha, beta, or gammaENaC subunits cause pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA-1), a renal salt-wasting syndrome characterized by severe hypovolemia, high plasma aldosterone, hyponatremia, life-threatening hyperkaliemia, and metabolic acidosis. In the mouse, inactivation of alphaENaC results in failure to clear fetal lung liquid at birth and in early neonatal death, preventing the observation of a PHA-1 renal phenotype. Transgenic expression of alphaENaC driven by a cytomegalovirus promoter in alphaENaC(-/-) knockout mice [alphaENaC(-/-)Tg] rescued the perinatal lethal pulmonary phenotype and partially restored Na+ transport in renal, colonic, and pulmonary epithelia. At days 5-9, however, alphaENaC(-/-)Tg mice showed clinical features of severe PHA-1 with metabolic acidosis, urinary salt-wasting, growth retardation, and 50% mortality. Adult alphaENaC(-/-)Tg survivors exhibited a compensated PHA-1 with normal acid/base and electrolyte values but 6-fold elevation of plasma aldosterone compared with wild-type littermate controls. We conclude that partial restoration of ENaC-mediated Na+ absorption in this transgenic mouse results in a mouse model for PHA-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hummler
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Toxicologie de l'Université, Rue du Bugnon 27, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hummler
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Toxicologie de l'Université, Lausunne, Switzerland
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37
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Farman N, Talbot CR, Boucher R, Fay M, Canessa C, Rossier B, Bonvalet JP. Noncoordinated expression of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-subunit mRNAs of epithelial Na+ channel along rat respiratory tract. Am J Physiol 1997; 272:C131-41. [PMID: 9038819 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1997.272.1.c131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Na+ reabsorption from the epithelial surface of the respiratory tract plays a fundamental role in respiratory physiology. As in the epithelia of the renal collecting tubule and distal colon, Na+ enters across the luminal surface of respiratory epithelial cells via a recently cloned amiloride-sensitive multisubunit (alpha, beta, gamma) epithelial Na+ channel. We have examined the cellular expression at the mRNA level of the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-subunits of rat epithelial Na+ channel (rENaC) in the rat lung and upper airway epithelial cells using in situ hybridization. A large prevalence of alpha- and gamma-rENaC subunit expression (over beta) was found in tracheal epithelium, in a subpopulation of alveolar cells, presumably type II pneumocytes, and in nasal and tracheal gland acini. In contrast, equivalent levels of expression of all three subunits were detected in bronchiolar epithelium and in rat nasal gland ducts. This diversity of expression may reflect cell-specific functions of the amiloride-sensitive Na+ channel along the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Farman
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U. 246, Faculté de Médecine X. Bichat, Paris, France
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38
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Hummler E, Barker P, Gatzy J, Beermann F, Verdumo C, Schmidt A, Boucher R, Rossier BC. Early death due to defective neonatal lung liquid clearance in alpha-ENaC-deficient mice. Nat Genet 1996; 12:325-8. [PMID: 8589728 DOI: 10.1038/ng0396-325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 661] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel, ENaC, is a heteromultimeric protein made up of three homologous subunits (alpha, beta and gamma) (1,2). In vitro, assembly and expression of functional active sodium channels in the Xenopus oocyte is strictly dependent on alpha-ENaC--the beta and gamma subunits by themselves are unable to induce an amiloride-sensitive sodium current in this heterologous expression system (2). In vivo, ENaC constitutes the limiting step for sodium absorption in epithelial cells that line the distal renal tubule, distal colon and the duct of several exocrine glands. The adult lung expresses alpha, beta and gamma ENaC (3,4), and an amiloride-sensitive electrogenic sodium reabsorption has been documented in upper and lower airways (3-7), but it is not established whether this sodium transport is mediated by ENaC in vivo. We inactivated the mouse alpha-ENaC gene by gene targeting. Amiloride-sensitive electrogenic Na+ transport was abolished in airway epithelia from alpha-ENaC(-/-) mice. Alpha-ENaC(-/-) neonates developed respiratory distress and died within 40 h of birth from failure to clear their lungs of liquid. This study shows that ENaC plays a critical role in the adaptation of the newborn lung to air breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hummler
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Toxicologie de l'Université, Lausanne, Switzerland
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39
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Abstract
We attempted to relieve the marked overactivity known to occur in the lateral segment of the globus pallidus (GPL) in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) by unilateral stereotaxic ibotenic acid lesioning of the GPL in 4 monkeys with MPTP-induced parkinsonism. Two already dyskinetic animals were pallidotomized to counteract LID once established, while 2 L-DOPA-naive MPTP-treated animals were pallidotomized before L-DOPA was ever administered in an attempt to prevent the development of the process conductive to LID. Acutely after the lesion, more prominent akinesia (particularly in the contralateral limbs) with contraversive body deviation and circling behavior were seen for 48 h. Flexor posturing of the contralateral forelimb persisted to a variable degree. When L-DOPA treatment was resumed or instituted 1 week postoperatively, ipsiversive circling behavior occurred in all animals and contralateral dyskinesia worsened in 3, whether L-DOPA or a selective dopamine D2 agonist was administered. Lesions in these 3 cases were fairly restricted to the GPL histologically. One monkey kept L-DOPA-naive before pallidotomy never developed LID contralaterally to the lesion despite treatment for several months. The lesion this time involved the entire GP. The fact that ablation of the GPL worsened LID suggests that a complex rearrangement of the balance of functional capacity between the GP and the subthalamic nucleus takes place in LID which is not amenable to correction merely by a lateral pallidotomy. Our observations also suggest that functional redundancy exists in striatopallidal circuits and that no single pathway is responsible for LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Blanchet
- Neurobiology Research Centre, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Québec, Canada
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40
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Gomez-Mancilla B, Boucher R, Gagnon C, Di Paolo T, Markstein R, Bédard PJ. Effect of adding the D1 agonist CY 208-243 to chronic bromocriptine treatment. I: Evaluation of motor parameters in relation to striatal catecholamine content and dopamine receptors. Mov Disord 1993; 8:144-50. [PMID: 8474480 DOI: 10.1002/mds.870080205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A group of four cynomolgus monkeys previously rendered parkinsonian by the toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl,1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) were observed in locomotion cages equipped with photocells during four periods of 7 days during which they received saline or two doses of the D1 agonist CY 208-243. The larger dose of 0.5 mg/kg produced a significant increase in locomotion in three of four animals. A second group of eight monkeys also previously rendered parkinsonian by MPTP and having received no other treatment were given a daily treatment of bromocriptine 1.66 mg/kg orally daily during 4 weeks. In four of the animals, after a week on bromocriptine alone, the D1 agonist CY 208-243 was added in increasing doses of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg/kg. The motor response as measured by locomotion, hand dexterity, and a disability score improved progressively at least in some of the animals on bromocriptine alone. The addition of CY 208-243 produced a more striking improvement of all three parameters, which appeared to be dose dependent. Biochemical analysis of the brain of these animals plus one control and one MPTP untreated monkey showed a > 90% loss of dopamine in the striatum in six of the eight treated monkeys. Both D2 and D1 dopamine receptors were increased in density by denervation, but both treatments abolished this increase for the D2 receptors while increasing the affinity of the D1 receptors.
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MESH Headings
- 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid/metabolism
- Animals
- Antiparkinson Agents/administration & dosage
- Bromocriptine/administration & dosage
- Corpus Striatum/drug effects
- Corpus Striatum/pathology
- Dopamine/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Homovanillic Acid/metabolism
- Indoles/administration & dosage
- Locomotion/drug effects
- Macaca fascicularis
- Motor Skills/drug effects
- Motor Skills/physiology
- Neurologic Examination
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/chemically induced
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/drug therapy
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/pathology
- Phenanthridines/administration & dosage
- Psychomotor Performance/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine/ultrastructure
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gomez-Mancilla
- School of Pharmacy, Laval University Medical Center, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada
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41
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Grubb B, Lazarowski E, Knowles M, Boucher R. Isobutylmethylxanthine fails to stimulate chloride secretion in cystic fibrosis airway epithelia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1993; 8:454-60. [PMID: 7682824 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb/8.4.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that a combination of an activated adenylyl cyclase and a high concentration of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor (isobutylmethylxanthine [IBMX], 5 mM) stimulates Cl- secretion mediated by the heterologously expressed cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator protein carrying the most common cystic fibrosis (CF) mutation (delta F508). We tested whether Cl- secretion could be stimulated by this protocol in vitro and in vivo in CF airway epithelia expressing endogenous delta F508 CFTR protein. In cultured airway preparations, forskolin (a direct adenylyl cyclase activator) stimulated Cl- secretion in amiloride-pretreated normal (delta Isc = 7.1 +/- 1.7 microA.cm-2) but not CF tissues (delta Isc = -02 +/- 0.1 microA.cm-2). Unexpectedly, IBMX partially inhibited the forskolin-induced Cl- secretion in normal tissues; IBMX addition had no effect on CF tissues. Direct measurements of cell cAMP concentrations revealed that 0.1 mM IBMX and forskolin produced the maximum levels of cell cAMP levels attainable with this drug combination, and 5 mM IBMX was without further effect. The combination of forskolin (10(-5) M) and isoproterenol, an adenylyl cyclase activator (10(-5) M), produced approximately 3 times higher levels of cAMP than forskolin/IBMX but also did not induce Cl- secretion in CF tissues. Studies of Cl- secretion in vivo, assessed by the transepithelial electric potential difference (PD), showed that isoproterenol (10(-5) M) stimulated Cl- secretion (delta PD = -16.3 +/- 4.3 mV; n = 4) in nasal epithelia of normal subjects but not in CF patients homozygous for the delta F508 mutation (delta PD = -2.6 +/- 1.9 mV; n = 5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- B Grubb
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7020
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42
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Boucher R, Livingston GK, Que Hee SS. In vitro micronucleus bioassay of human peripheral lymphocytes for adriamycin in the presence of cyclophosphamide and urines of patients administered anticancer drugs. Environ Mol Mutagen 1993; 21:372-382. [PMID: 8491217 DOI: 10.1002/em.2850210409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an in vitro human peripheral lymphocyte micronucleus bioassay involving phytohemagglutinin stimulant for urines containing adriamycin (ADR) and cyclophosphamide (CP). In vitro studies with defined concentrations of ADR, CP, and fresh urine showed that mitotic indices and micronuclei counts/1,000 cells had to be log (X + 1) transformed to be able to use parametric statistics and that a specific micronucleus assay for ADR in the presence of CP and urine for 5-15 ng ADR/mL had been developed. Whereas CP alone could be detected between 196-522 micrograms/mL, this effect was abolished in the presence of 15 ng ADR/mL. Interdonor variabilities relative to ADR sensitivity and CP linear dynamic range were marked, but intradonor variability was small. The MN bioassay tolerated < 10% urine. Results for urines from nine patients receiving antineoplastic drugs (CP, all; ADR, 3; 5-fluorouracil, 3; methotrexate, 3; vincristine, 4; procarbazine, 1; and megestrol acetate, 1) showed that only 1/3 patients given ADR were detected, and two others not given ADR were positive. All frozen urines from the 12 control subjects and the nine patients exhibited depressed mitotic index, with, however, no control patient urines inducing increased micronuclei. Two patients had urines of undefined genotoxic potential since undepressed mitotic indices were not attainable by dilution. The effects of combination chemotherapy in addition to freezing and storage influences were complex. More research is required to be able to interpret the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Boucher
- Engineered Materials Sector, Allied-Signal, Morristown, New Jersey
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43
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Boucher R. Washington Watch: Indirect costs. Bioscience 1991. [DOI: 10.1093/bioscience/41.8.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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44
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Abstract
The purported alpha 2-adrenergic agonist clonidine was found to inhibit rest tremor at doses of 0.023-0.1 mg/kg in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine monkey model of parkinsonism. The effect was dose dependent, but sedation and reduced mobility were observed. Atropine at doses of 0.1-1 mg/kg also reduced tremor in a dose-dependent fashion, but side-effects in the form of agitation, dilated pupils, and dry mouth were seen. When the two drugs were combined, however, we saw a significant potentiation of the antitremor effect. We could even abolish tremor with doses of atropine and clonidine that by themselves were without effect. The side-effects were almost eliminated by the combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gomez-Mancilla
- Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Québec, Canada
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45
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Wu R, Martin WR, Robinson CB, St George JA, Plopper CG, Kurland G, Last JA, Cross CE, McDonald RJ, Boucher R. Expression of mucin synthesis and secretion in human tracheobronchial epithelial cells grown in culture. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1990; 3:467-78. [PMID: 2223101 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb/3.5.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of culture conditions on growth and differentiation of human tracheobronchial epithelial (HTBE) cells have been defined. Epithelial cells were dissociated from tissues by protease treatment and were plated on tissue culture dishes in F12 medium supplemented with insulin, transferrin, epidermal growth factor, hydrocortisone, cholera toxin, bovine hypothalamus extract, and retinol. HTBE cells did not express any mucociliary function (ciliogenesis or mucin secretion) on tissue culture plastic, but they could be passaged 3 to 5 times with a total of 10 to 25 population doublings. Cells from early passages re-express both these functions when transplanted to tracheal grafts. When tissue culture plates were coated with collagen film or collagen gel substrata, cell attachment and proliferation were stimulated. However, the expression of mucous cell function in culture occurred only when cells were plated on collagen gel substrata and vitamin A (retinol) was present in the medium. Mucous cell differentiation under optimal conditions was defined by ultrastructural studies, by immunologic studies with mucin-specific monoclonal antibodies, and by carbohydrate and amino acid compositional analyses of mucin-like glycoproteins purified from culture medium. These results demonstrate for the first time that HTBE cells can express mucin synthesis and secretion under appropriate culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wu
- California Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis 95616
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46
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Abstract
The effect of a selective agonist of the dopamine D1 receptor (SKF 38393) and of the D2 receptor (LY-171555) was tested acutely in normal and in monkeys with a parkinsonian syndrome induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The D2 agonist induced a strong locomotor response and lingual dyskinesia in both normal and parkinsonian monkeys. The D1 agonist however had no locomotor effect by itself but induced tongue protrusions in normal monkeys only. It appeared to potentiate the dyskinetic effect of LY 171555 in MPTP monkeys but it antagonized the locomotor action of the D2 agonist in both normal and MPTP monkeys. The selective D1 and D2 antagonists SCH 23390 and sulpiride were also tested. Both compounds were able to suppress the dyskinetic action of the combined agonists in normal animals but only the D2 antagonist was effective in the same conditions in MPTP monkeys. These findings emphasize the importance of the D2 receptor in mediating the locomotor response as well as dyskinesia in monkeys.
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MESH Headings
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
- 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Benzazepines/pharmacology
- Dopamine Agents/pharmacology
- Dopamine Antagonists
- Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced
- Ergolines/pharmacology
- Female
- Macaca fascicularis
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/chemically induced
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/physiopathology
- Quinpirole
- Receptors, Dopamine/physiology
- Receptors, Dopamine D1
- Sulpiride/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Bédard
- Département d'anatomie et Laboratoire de Neurobiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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47
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Abstract
The currently available phenytoin (PHT) solution has many disadvantages stemming from poor aqueous solubility of PHT. A novel approach to solve the problem has been the synthesis of a phosphate ester of PHT (PHT prodrug ACC-9653). This water-soluble compound is metabolized rapidly into PO4 and PHT. A four center open-label, baseline-controlled study of 43 patients with epilepsy maintained on oral twice-daily PHT monotherapy was performed to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetic profile of the prodrug. Patients received an i.v. or i.m. dose of ACC-9653 at a dose equivalent to the patients' morning dose of PHT. Intravenous dosages were infused at a rate of 75 mg/min, and i.m. dosages were given as one or two injections. After a period of 6 days, during which patients were again maintained with oral PHT, they were given a dose of ACC-9653 via whichever route they had not yet received. The Tmax of the prodrug averaged 5.7 and 36 min (0.095 and 0.606 h) after i.v. and i.m. administrations, respectively. The elimination half-life of ACC-9653 (conversion from prodrug to PHT) after i.v. and i.m. administration was 8.4 and 32.7 min (0.140 and 0.545 h), respectively, and both were independent of the dose. The plasma clearance of ACC-9653 was not dependent on dose or route of administration and averaged 19.8 +/- 1.16 and 17.8 +/- 0.83 L/h after i.v. and i.m. administrations, respectively. The area under curve ratio of PHT after i.m. and i.v. ACC-9653 was 1.17 +/- 0.13 which was not significantly different from 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Leppik
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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48
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Hoy F, Boucher R, Brody A. Uterine leiomyosarcoma with cardiac metastases. Can J Surg 1988; 31:418-20. [PMID: 3179851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma metastatic to the heart is rare and is usually fatal. The authors present the case of a 58-year-old woman who had a history of uterine leiomyosarcoma. Echocardiography and cardiac catheterization revealed a large right ventricular mass. Computed tomography confirmed the presence of the mass which extended into the pulmonary artery. The inferior vena cava was free of disease. At operation, a large tumour originating in the right ventricle and protruding through the pulmonary valve was found. Histologically, it was a leiomyosarcoma. Because there were numerous septal and intramural foci of tumour, complete resection was impossible, but palliative resection was performed successfully and the patient was alive and active 1 year after operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hoy
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria
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49
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Iannuzzi MC, Weber JL, Yankaskas J, Boucher R, Collins FS. The introduction of biologically active foreign genes into human respiratory epithelial cells using electroporation. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 138:965-8. [PMID: 2849346 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm/138.4.965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A simple method for introducing genes into respiratory epithelial cells would assist molecular studies of a variety of pulmonary disorders. Several different techniques for introducing foreign DNA into cells have been described but have either not been useful for respiratory epithelial cells or are difficult and cumbersome to perform. Electroporation is a simple technique that consists of exposing a cell-DNA suspension to an electric shock. Although it has been used to introduce genes into a variety of cell types, it has not previously been applied to respiratory epithelial cells. Human nasal epithelial cells were transfected with the plasmid pRSVCAT, which is an expression vector containing the origin of replication of pBR322 coupled to the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) long terminal repeat (LTR) region driving the coding sequence for the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. The CAT gene is useful for determining optimal conditions for electroporation since it is not normally present in eukaryotic cells, and CAT activity correlates with the level of CAT mRNA; this provides a measure of expression of introduced foreign genes. Successful expression of the CAT gene was demonstrated by electroporation, whereas calcium phosphate transfection resulted in very low CAT activity. Optimal conditions for electroporation of respiratory epithelial cells were determined. Electroporating nasal epithelial cells using 500 volts, a DNA concentration of 10 micrograms/ml, and a sucrose buffer yielded the highest CAT activity, which peaked at 48 h after electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Iannuzzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109
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50
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Bédard PJ, Boucher R, DiPaolo T. [Animal models of tardive dyskinesia]. Encephale 1988; 14 Spec No:163-6. [PMID: 2905644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
It is possible to induce in monkeys abnormal movements of the mouth and tongue resembling strikingly tardive dyskinesia. Such movements can be induced by chronic treatment with neuroleptics or by lesions placed in the habenular interpeduncular tract or nucleus parafascicularis thalami. Dopaminergic D1 and D2 receptors are involved in the modulation of such movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Bédard
- Département d'Anatomie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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