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Newhard DK, Winter RL, Cline KA, Hathcock JT. Anomalous broncho‐oesophageal arteries and peripheral systemic‐to‐pulmonary connections in an asymptomatic puppy. Vet rec case rep 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2016-000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Newhard
- Clinical SciencesAuburn University College of Veterinary MedicineAuburnALUSA
| | - Randolph L Winter
- Clinical SciencesAuburn University College of Veterinary MedicineAuburnALUSA
| | - Kelsey A Cline
- Clinical SciencesAuburn University College of Veterinary MedicineAuburnALUSA
| | - John T Hathcock
- Clinical SciencesAuburn University College of Veterinary MedicineAuburnALUSA
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2
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Reid LE, Dillon AR, Hathcock JT, Brown LA, Tillson M, Wooldridge AA. High-resolution computed tomography bronchial lumen to pulmonary artery diameter ratio in anesthetized ventilated cats with normal lungs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2012; 53:34-7. [PMID: 22093112 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01870.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High-resolution computed tomography (CT) is the preferred noninvasive tool for diagnosing bronchiectasis in people. A criterion for evaluating dilation of the bronchus is the bronchial lumen to pulmonary artery diameter (bronchoarterial ratio [BA ratio]). A ratio of > 1.0 in humans or > 2.0 in dogs has been suggested as a threshold for identifying bronchiectasis. The purpose of this study was to establish the BA ratio in normal cats. Fourteen specific pathogen-free cats were selected for analysis of thoracic CT images. The BA ratios of the lobar bronchi of the left cranial (cranial and caudal parts), right cranial, right middle, left caudal, and right caudal lung lobes were measured. The mean of the mean BA ratio of all lung lobes was 0.71 +/- 0.05. Individual BA ratios ranged from 0.5 to 1.11. Comparing individual lobes for each cat, there was no significant difference (P = 0.145) in mean BA ratio between lung lobes. A mean BA ratio for these normal cats was 0.71 +/- 0.1, which suggests an upper cut-off normal value > 0.91 (mean +/- 2 standard deviations) between normal and abnormal cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Reid
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
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3
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Abstract
An intact, 8-year-old, male Golden Retriever dog was presented for evaluation of a nasal mass and approximately 30 firm, raised, variably ulcerated dermal and subcutaneous masses. Histopathology of both nasal and multiple skin masses revealed multiple nonencapsulated, infiltrative masses comprising clusters, anastomosing trabeculae, and packets of neoplastic, round to ovoid, hyperchromatic cells with marked nuclear molding. Surrounding the neoplastic cells was a marked stromal response in which many of the spindle-shaped cells expressed muscle-specific actin and had ultrastructural features consistent with myofibroblasts. A literature search indicates that this is the first report in a peer-reviewed journal of cutaneous metastasis of a nasal neuroendocrine tumor in any domestic animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Koehler
- Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Auburn, Alabama, USA.
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Kuhnt LA, Jennings RN, Brawner WR, Hathcock JT, Carreno AD, Johnson CM. Magnetic resonance imaging of radiation-induced thymic atrophy as a model for pathologic changes in acute feline immunodeficiency virus infection. J Feline Med Surg 2009; 11:977-84. [PMID: 19540785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The development of a protocol to reproducibly induce thymic atrophy, as occurs in feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection and other immunosuppressive diseases, and to consistently estimate thymic volume, provides a valuable tool in the search of innovative and novel therapeutic strategies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the short tau inversion recovery (STIR) technique, with fat suppression properties, was determined to provide an optimized means of locating, defining, and quantitatively estimating thymus volume in young cats. Thymic atrophy was induced in four, 8-10-week-old kittens with a single, directed 500 cGy dose of 6 MV X-rays from a clinical linear accelerator, and sequential MR images of the cranial mediastinum were collected at 2, 7, 14, and 21 days post irradiation (PI). Irradiation induced a severe reduction in thymic volume, which was decreased, on average, to 47% that of normal, by 7 days PI. Histopathology confirmed marked, diffuse thymic atrophy, characterized by reduced thymic volume, decreased overall cellularity, increased apoptosis, histiocytosis, and reduced distinction of the corticomedullary junction, comparable to that seen in acute FIV infection. Beginning on day 7 PI, thymic volumes rebounded slightly and continued to increase over the following 14 days, regaining 3-35% of original volume. These findings demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of using this non-invasive, in vivo imaging technique to measure and evaluate changes in thymic volume in physiologic and experimental situations. All experimental protocols in this study were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at Auburn University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah A Kuhnt
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela J Beasley
- Small Animal Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Tieber LM, Axlund TW, Simpson ST, Hathcock JT. Survival of a Suspected Case of Central Nervous System Cuterebrosis in a Dog: Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2006; 42:238-42. [PMID: 16611938 DOI: 10.5326/0420238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 3-year-old, spayed female rat terrier was evaluated for acute onset of stupor, disorientation, and tetraparesis. Clinical signs progressed over 3 weeks to eventual right-sided hemiparesis and circling to the left. A Cuterebra spp. larva was discovered in the vomitus of the dog 2 weeks after the onset of clinical signs. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed chronic inflammation, and magnetic resonance imaging supported a diagnosis of a parasitic tract through the left cerebral hemisphere. Medical management included a tapering anti-inflammatory dose of prednisone. Clinical signs improved slowly over time. This is the first description of a presumptive antemortem diagnosis of canine cuterebrosis in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Tieber
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36830, USA
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8
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Fitch RB, Hathcock JT, Montgomery RD. RADIOGRAPHIC AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF THE CANINE INTERCONDYLAR FOSSA IN NORMAL STIFLES AND AFTER NOTCHPLASTY IN STABLE AND UNSTABLE STIFLES. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1996.tb01229.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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9
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Jones JC, Sorjonen DC, Simpson ST, Coates JR, Lenz SD, Hathcock JT, Agee MW, Bartels JE. COMPARISON BETWEEN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC AND SURGICAL FINDINGS IN NINE LARGE-BREED DOGS WITH LUMBOSACRAL STENOSIS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1996.tb01226.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Hathcock JT, Pechman RD, Dillon AR, Knecht CD, Braund KG. COMPARISON OF THREE RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST PROCEDURES IN THE EVALUATION OF THE CANINE LUMBOSACRAL SPINAL CANAL. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1988.tb01739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lauten SD, Cox NR, Brawner WR, Goodman SA, Hathcock JT, Montgomery RD, Kincaid SA, Morrison NE, Spano JS, Lepine AJ, Reinhart GA, Baker HJ. Influence of dietary calcium and phosphorus content in a fixed ratio on growth and development in Great Danes. Am J Vet Res 2002; 63:1036-47. [PMID: 12118666 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the musculoskeletal development of Great Dane puppies fed various dietary concentrations of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in fixed ratio by use of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), determination of serum insulin-like growth factor 1 and parathyroid hormone concentrations, radiography, and blood chemistry analysis results. ANIMALS 32 purebred Great Dane puppies from 4 litters. PROCEDURE At weaning, puppies were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 diets. Blood was collected for biochemical analyses and hormone assays, and radiography and DEXA were performed through 18 months of age. Changes in body weight, bone mineral content, fat tissue weight, lean mass, result of serum biochemical analyses, hormonal concentrations, and radius lengths were analyzed through 18 months of age. RESULTS Bone mineral content of puppies correlated positively with Ca and P content of the diets fed. Significant differences between groups in bone mineral content, lean mass, and body fat were apparent early. The disparity among groups increased until 6 months of age and then declined until body composition was no longer different at 12 months of age. Accretion rates for skeletal mineral content, fat, and lean tissue differed from each other and by diet group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ca and P concentrations in the diet of young Great Dane puppies are rapidly reflected in the bone mineral content of the puppies until 5 to 6 months of age, after which hormonal regulation adjusts absorption and excretion of these minerals. Appropriate Ca and P concentrations in diets are important in young puppies < 6 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Lauten
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- K Marioni
- Department of Small Animal Surgery and Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849-5523, USA
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Abstract
Premortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in two cats with brain stem abscessation confirmed post mortem by histology and recovery of multiple bacterial species. The MRI features of the abscesses were distinctive and included a thick and marked enhancement of the abscess capsule and extension of the lesion from a tympanic bulla in one cat. A focal area of increased signal intensity was present on T2-weighted images. A circumscribed area of decreased signal intensity was surrounded by a ring of increased signal intensity on precontrast T1-weighted images. A center of decreased signal intensity with a thick, markedly enhanced abscess capsule was observed on post contrast T1-weighted images. These findings are compared to the current experimental and clinical literature of brain abscess. The underlying pathogenesis of MRI features is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Klopp
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana 61802, USA
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15
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Hathcock JT, Newton JC. Computed tomographic characteristics of multilobular tumor of bone involving the cranium in 7 dogs and zygomatic arch in 2 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2000; 41:214-7. [PMID: 10850869 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2000.tb01480.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) images of nine dogs with a multilobular tumor of bone of the head were reviewed. The CT characteristics of the neoplasms involving the calvarium (n = 7) were rounded, well defined with a fine granular, nonhomogeneous bone opacity usually in the occipital region. Cranial vault invasion (5 of 7) was commonly found with a significant portion of the mass within the vault. The neoplasms involving the zygomatic arch (n = 2) were also generally rounded and well defined but with a more coarse granular appearance. The common CT findings were best seen when the images were viewed in a bone window.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Hathcock
- Department of Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to define the normal gross anatomic appearance of the adult equine tarsus on a low-field magnetic resonance (MR) image. Six radiographically normal, adult, equine tarsal cadavers were utilized. Using a scanner with a 0.064 Tesla magnet, images were acquired in the sagittal, transverse and dorsal planes for T1-weighted and the sagittal plane for T2-weighted imaging sequences. Anatomic structures on the MR images were identified and compared with cryosections of the imaged limbs. Optimal image planes were identified for the evaluation of articular cartilage, subchondral bone, flexor and extensor tendons, tarsal ligaments, and synovial structures. MR images provide a thorough evaluation of the anatomic relationships of the structures of the equine tarsus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Blaik
- Department of Radiology, Auburn University, AL 36849-5522, USA
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17
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Baird DK, Kincaid SA, Hathcock JT, Rumph PF, Kammerman J, Visco DM. Effect of hydration on signal intensity of gelatin phantoms using low-field magnetic resonance imaging: possible application in osteoarthritis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1999; 40:27-35. [PMID: 10023992 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1999.tb01835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Five gelatin phantoms were constructed to study the effect of matrical hydration on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal intensity using a low-field strength imager. Water content of the phantoms ranged from 75 to 95% weight/weight. Signal intensity values of each phantom were measured using five imaging sequences: proton density, T1-weighted, T2-weighted, inversion recovery with short inversion time, and inversion recovery with long inversion time. There was significant positive correlation (p < .05) of signal intensity with differences in hydration using the T2-weighted sequence and the inversion recovery sequence with short inversion time. Significant negative correlations (p < .05) were found with T1-weighted imaging and the inversion recovery sequence with long inversion time. In a second part of the study, in vivo focal variations in MRI signal intensity were evaluated in a canine cranial cruciate ligament deficient model of osteoarthritis. Signal intensity measurements were obtained from multiple areas of articular cartilage to identify an initial stage in osteoarthritis that is characterized in part by increased hydration of articular cartilage. At 6 weeks post-transection of the cranial cruciate ligament, an increase in signal intensity was detected in the articular cartilage of the weight-bearing portion of the lateral femoral condyle and the caudal portion of the medial tibial condyle with T1-weighted imaging. The increase in signal intensity may reflect increased proteoglycan synthesis by chondrocytes that also occurs early in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Baird
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Auburn University, AL 36849-5518, USA
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18
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Baird DK, Hathcock JT, Kincaid SA, Rumph PF, Kammermann J, Widmer WR, Visco D, Sweet D. Low-field magnetic resonance imaging of early subchondral cyst-like lesions in induced cranial cruciate ligament deficient dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1998; 39:167-73. [PMID: 9634181 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1998.tb00334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Six healthy adult male mongrel dogs underwent cranial cruciate ligament transection in the left stifle. Survey radiography of both stifles and low-field (0.064 T) MRI of the left stifle were performed preoperatively and at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Focal changes in signal intensity were seen with MRI in the subchondral bone of the medial tibial condyle at 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively. At 12 weeks postoperative, a cyst-like lesion was detected using MRI in the subchondral bone of the medial tibial condyle in 4 of 6 dogs and a less defined lesion at this site in the remaining 2 dogs. The cyst-like lesion was spherical in shape and showed typical characteristics of fluid with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images, high signal intensity on T2-weighted images and high signal intensity on inversion recovery images. The lesion was seen in the subchondral bone of the caudal medial and/or middle region of the tibial plateau slightly cranial to the insertion of the caudal cruciate ligament. No subchondral cysts were seen in the tibia on radiographs. Histopathologically, the tibia was characterized by a loose myxomatous phase of early subchondral cyst formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Baird
- Department of Radiology, Auburn University, AL 36849-5518, USA
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19
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Abstract
Low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on the stifle joints of four normal adult mongrel dogs using a 0.064 Tesla scanner. Markers were placed on each stifle joint to serve as reference points for comparing gross sections with the images. A T1-weighted sequence was used to image one stifle joint on each dog in the sagittal plane and the other stifle joint in the dorsal plane. The dogs were euthanized immediately following MRI and the stifle joints frozen intact. Each stifle joint was then embedded in paraffin, again frozen, and sectioned using the markers as reference points. On T1-weighted images, synovial fluid had low signal intensity (dark) compared to the infrapatellar fat pad which had a high signal intensity (bright). Articular cartilage was visualized as an intermediate bright signal and was separated from trabecular bone by a dark line representing subchondral bone. Menisci, fibrous joint capsule, and ligamentous structures appeared dark. In the true sagittal plane, the entire caudal cruciate ligament was often seen within one image slice. The patella was visualized as an intermediate bright signal (trabecular bone) surrounded by a low intensity signal (cortical bone). The trochlea and the intercondylar notch were difficult areas to analyze due to signal volume averaging of the curved surface of these areas and the presence of several types of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Baird
- Department of Radiology, Auburn University, AL, USA
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20
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Hathcock JT. Help wanted: ultrasonographers. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 211:1354-5. [PMID: 9394878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Fitch RB, Wilson ER, Hathcock JT, Montgomery RD. Radiographic, computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of a chronic long digital extensor tendon avulsion in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1997; 38:177-81. [PMID: 9238787 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1997.tb00836.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Long digital extensor tendon avulsion is reported in a 5 month old Great Dane. Clinically the dog presented with a unilateral weight-bearing pelvic limb lameness. Joint effusion was present and there was pain and crepitance associated with flexion of the stifle. Orthopedic evaluation and radiographs were suggestive of a long digital extensor tendon injury which was confirmed by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The injury was surgically repaired with screw and spiked washer fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Fitch
- Department of Surgery, Auburn University, Alabama, USA
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22
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Banfield CM, Bartels JE, Hudson JA, Wright JC, Hathcock JT, Montgomery RD. A retrospective study of canine hip dysplasia in 116 military working dogs. Part I: Angle measurements and orthopedic foundation for animals (OFA) grading. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1996; 32:413-22. [PMID: 8875357 DOI: 10.5326/15473317-32-5-413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The progression of hip dysplasia was investigated in 116 military working dogs. Serial pelvic radiographs were graded for degree of dysplasia and degenerative joint disease (DJD). Norberg angles, angles of inclination, and joint space widths were measured. There was a significant correlation between the Norberg angle and the degree of dysplasia (p less than 0.0001). Angles of inclination and joint space width measurements did not demonstrate a correlation to canine hip dysplasia. Dysplastic dogs had a significant estimated risk for development of DJD compared to normal dogs (p less than 0.0001; odds ratio of 70.2). Dogs with normal hip conformation at 24 months of age or older did not develop moderate nor severe DJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Banfield
- Department of Defense Military Working Dog Veterinary Services, Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas 78236-5631, USA
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23
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Banfield CM, Bartels JE, Hudson JA, Wright JC, Montgomery RD, Hathcock JT. A retrospective study of canine hip dysplasia in 116 military working dogs. Part II: Clinical signs and performance data. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1996; 32:423-30. [PMID: 8875358 DOI: 10.5326/15473317-32-5-423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The progression of hip dysplasia was investigated in 116 military working dogs. Medical records were reviewed for any clinical history of hind-limb lameness. Pelvic radiographs were studied for evidence and degree of hip dysplasia, degenerative joint disease, or both. The number of months each dog worked was determined. Each dog's age at termination from service and cause of death (or euthanasia) were recorded. The mean months of work for normal and dysplastic dogs were evaluated using the Student's t-test. No significant difference was found in the total number of months worked between normal and dysplastic dogs (p greater than 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Banfield
- Department of Defense Military Working Dog Veterinary Services, Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas 78236-5631, USA
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Simpson ST, Klopp L, Hathcock JT. What is your neurologic diagnosis? Neurofibroma of CN V. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1995; 206:621-2. [PMID: 7744679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S T Simpson
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
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26
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Abstract
Abnormal brain stem auditory-evoked responses (BAER) were recorded on 14 dogs with brain lesions confirmed by necropsy (n = 13) or magnetic resonance imaging and surgical biopsy (n = 1). Lesions included brain stem or cerebellar tumors (6 dogs), brain stem trauma (1 dog), forebrain tumors (3 dogs), hydrocephalus (2 dogs), granulomatous meningoencephalitis (1 dog), and meningoencephalitis (1 dog). Five affected dogs were comatose at the time of recording. BAER abnormalities could be classified as (1) absence of some or all of waves I to V, (2) increased latencies, with wave V being most frequently affected, or (3) a reduction in the amplitude ratio of waves V/I.
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Finn-Bodner ST, Hathcock JT. Image-guided percutaneous needle biopsy: ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Semin Vet Med Surg Small Anim 1993; 8:258-78. [PMID: 8303103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S T Finn-Bodner
- Department of Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849
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30
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Abstract
This article discusses the production of optimal CT images in small animal patients as well as principles of radiographic interpretation. Technical factors affecting image quality and aiding image interpretation are included. Specific considerations for scanning various anatomic areas are given, including indications and potential pitfalls. Principles of radiographic interpretation are discussed. Selected patient images are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Stickle
- Section of Radiology, Veterinary Medical Center, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing
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31
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Abstract
The final CT image is actually made of a grid of tiny squares called pixels. The scale of grays assigned to each pixel represents the attenuation of x-rays by the structures in the tomographic slice. Manipulation of the gray scale allows optimal visualization of all the tissues within the slice. This control over the gray scale and the absence of structure superimposition are the advantages of CT over conventional x-ray techniques. The steps used to acquire the final CT image are collection of data from the patient (recording of transmitted x-ray intensities from many angles), computer processing of data (mathematical calculation of attenuation of each structure in the tomographic slice), image display (assigning of appropriate gray scale to CT image to evaluate all structures), and data storage (recording series of tomographic images on x-ray film and archiving image data for later review). Common image artifacts that must be identified and interpreted as such include aliasing, ring artifacts, beam hardening effect, metal, motion, partial volume averaging, and streaking from out-of-field objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Hathcock
- Department of Radiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Alabama
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Bentley JF, Simpson ST, Hathcock JT, Brawner WR, Powers RD. Metastatic thyroid solid-follicular carcinoma in the cervical portion of the spine of a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990; 197:1498-500. [PMID: 2272884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A metastatic thyroid solid-follicular carcinoma in the cervical portion of the spine was responsible for severe tetraparesis in a dog. Myelography revealed an extradural compressive lesion dorsal and to the right of the midline of C3. Histologic examination was used to diagnose the mass as a solid-follicular thyroid carcinoma. The primary tumor was not evident on cervical palpation or radiography. A dorsal laminectomy centered over C3 was performed, and all visible tumor was removed from the spine. The owner declined any further treatment for the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Bentley
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849
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Abstract
A new, simple and more consistent method for measuring the projected angle of inclination of the canine femoral neck was devised and tested. This method, based on the principles of symmetric axis (symax) shape analysis, was compared with three other techniques currently in use. Diplomates of the ACVR or ACVS and senior veterinary students were asked to perform measurements of the angle of inclination using the four methods, record their results, and answer several questions about the techniques. Although greater precision was not evident when performed by diplomates, descriptive statistics and a significant difference among the student-derived variances of the four methods demonstrated that the symax-based measurements were most consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Rumph
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama 36849
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Sorjonen DC, Milton JL, Steiss JE, Hathcock JT, Dunbar M. Hip dysplasia with bilateral ischiatic nerve entrapment in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990; 197:495-7. [PMID: 2211295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of both ischiatic nerves was detected in a 5-year-old spayed Labrador Retriever with radiographic evidence of severe bilateral hip dysplasia. Marked hyperflexion of the hip and stifle was evident when the dog walked. Results of electromyography confirmed the ischiatic nerve involvement. At staged operations, both ischiatic nerves were found to be compressed between the sacrotuberous ligament and proliferative tissue around the hip. One year after surgery, electromyographic and physical findings were essentially normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Sorjonen
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849
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Hathcock JT. What is your diagnosis? Osteochrondrosis in the stifle of a mare. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1983; 182:297-8. [PMID: 6826459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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37
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Hathcock JT. What is your diagnosis? Sesamoid bone fractures in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1982; 181:1543-4. [PMID: 7161175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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38
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Hathcock JT. Rupture of cranial cruciate ligament in the hindlimb of a bull. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1982; 181:1437-8. [PMID: 7174497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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39
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Knecht CD, Hathcock JT, Redding RW. Immediate effects of metrizamide myelography on electrographic findings in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1982; 43:2042-3. [PMID: 7181205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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40
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Hathcock JT. Periosteal proliferation with a sequestrum. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1982; 181:935-6. [PMID: 7141998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Hathcock JT. Osseous proliferation on the cranial and caudal borders of the dorsal spinous processes of T4-T6, suggestive of osteitis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1982; 181:609-10. [PMID: 7141957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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42
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Hathcock JT. Craniomandibular osteopathy in an English Bulldog--. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1982; 181:389. [PMID: 7118716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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