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Oliveira BG, Lourenço KS, Carvalho JLN, Gonzaga LC, Teixeira MC, Tamara AF, Soares JR, Cantarella H. New trends in sugarcane fertilization: Implications for NH 3 volatilization, N 2O emissions and crop yields. Journal of Environmental Management 2023; 342:118233. [PMID: 37276616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recycling nutrients helps to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture and contributes to alleviating the effects of global climate change. A recent trend in sugarcane cultivation is the application of concentrated vinasse (CV) combined with fertilizers into an organo-mineral formulation to improve logistics, reduce costs and foster the circular economy. However, the implications of the application of such organo-mineral formulation in sugarcane fields are unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the organo-mineral formulation containing granular urea (UR), and a nitrification inhibitor (NI) on crop yields, NH3 volatilization, and N2O emissions. Field experiments were conducted during two fertilization seasons, dry and wet, and the treatments were: control; UR; UR + NI; CV; CV + UR; and CV + UR + NI. CV was applied at 7 m3 ha-1. The treatments (except control and CV) were balanced to receive the same amount of N and K. Compared with UR, the organo-mineral formulation of CV + UR decreased NH3 volatilization losses from 7% to 4% in the dry season and from 3.5% to 0.5% in the wet season. Conversely, compared with UR, N2O emissions increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in CV + UR in the wet season from 1% to 2% of applied N. In the dry season, no differences were observed. The addition of NI was effective in mitigating N2O emissions in both seasons. Emission reductions ranged from 43 to 48% in the dry season and from 71 to 84%, in the wet season. Fertilization with UR or the organo-mineral formulation influenced sugarcane yield only in the dry season, with the highest yield in CV + UR. NI did not affect crop yield. In general, emission intensities (kg CO2eq Mg-1 of stalk) were highest in CV + UR. We conclude that the organo-mineral formulation reduced NH3 losses and increased N2O emissions compared with regular solid fertilizer and that NI was effective for mitigating N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna G Oliveira
- Soils and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), Av. Barão de Itapura, 1481. Campinas, SP, 13020-970, Brazil.
| | - Késia S Lourenço
- Soils and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), Av. Barão de Itapura, 1481. Campinas, SP, 13020-970, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro C Gonzaga
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Interinstitutional Graduate Program in Bioenergy (USP/UNICAMP/UNESP) - 330 Cora Coralina Street, Cidade Universitária, Campinas/SP, CEP 13083-896, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Teixeira
- Soils and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), Av. Barão de Itapura, 1481. Campinas, SP, 13020-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Tamara
- Soils and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), Av. Barão de Itapura, 1481. Campinas, SP, 13020-970, Brazil
| | - Johnny R Soares
- Soils and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), Av. Barão de Itapura, 1481. Campinas, SP, 13020-970, Brazil
| | - Heitor Cantarella
- Soils and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), Av. Barão de Itapura, 1481. Campinas, SP, 13020-970, Brazil
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Monteiro LA, Allee AM, Campbell EE, Lynd LR, Soares JR, Jaiswal D, de Castro Oliveira J, Dos Santos Vianna M, Morishige AE, Figueiredo GKDA, Lamparelli RAC, Mueller ND, Gerber J, Cortez LAB, Sheehan JJ. Assessment of yield gaps on global grazed-only permanent pasture using climate binning. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:1820-1832. [PMID: 31730282 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
To meet rising demands for agricultural products, existing agricultural lands must either produce more or expand in area. Yield gaps (YGs)-the difference between current and potential yield of agricultural systems-indicate the ability to increase output while holding land area constant. Here, we assess YGs in global grazed-only permanent pasture lands using a climate binning approach. We create a snapshot of circa 2000 empirical yields for meat and milk production from cattle, sheep, and goats by sorting pastures into climate bins defined by total annual precipitation and growing degree-days. We then estimate YGs from intra-bin yield comparisons. We evaluate YG patterns across three FAO definitions of grazed livestock agroecosystems (arid, humid, and temperate), and groups of animal production systems that vary in animal types and animal products. For all subcategories of grazed-only permanent pasture assessed, we find potential to increase productivity several-fold over current levels. However, because productivity of grazed pasture systems is generally low, even large relative increases in yield translated to small absolute gains in global protein production. In our dataset, milk-focused production systems were found to be seven times as productive as meat-focused production systems regardless of animal type, while cattle were four times as productive as sheep and goats regardless of animal output type. Sustainable intensification of pasture is most promising for local development, where large relative increases in production can substantially increase incomes or "spare" large amounts of land for other uses. Our results motivate the need for further studies to target agroecological and economic limitations on productivity to improve YG estimates and identify sustainable pathways toward intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo A Monteiro
- School of Agricultural Engineering (FEAGRI), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrew M Allee
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Eleanor E Campbell
- School of Agricultural Engineering (FEAGRI), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Lee R Lynd
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Interdisciplinary Center of Energy Planning (NIPE), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Johnny R Soares
- School of Agricultural Engineering (FEAGRI), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Deepak Jaiswal
- School of Agricultural Engineering (FEAGRI), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Ashley E Morishige
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Rubens A C Lamparelli
- Interdisciplinary Center of Energy Planning (NIPE), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Nathaniel D Mueller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - James Gerber
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Luis A B Cortez
- Interdisciplinary Center of Energy Planning (NIPE), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - John J Sheehan
- School of Agricultural Engineering (FEAGRI), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Sales IF, Alcici ME, Athayde GRSA, Ribeiro VT, Diamantino TD, Silva LCB, Macedo FVB, Spalaor BCM, Valente PVS, Soares JR, Lucas LJ, Pereira Nunes MC. P4718Inadequate response of pulmonary artery pressure after percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty: determinant factors and prognostic impact. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Pulmonary hypertension (HP) has long been known to be a marker of poor outcome in patients with mitral stenosis (MS). Percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (PMV) is currently the treatment of choice for MS, which results in improvement in HP. However, despite the successful valve opening, the regression of PH may be incomplete. This has been attributed to irreversible morphologic changes within the pulmonary vasculature.
Purpose
To assess the clinical, echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters associated with an inadequate response of the pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) immediately after a successful PMV, and also the impact of residual PH on long-term outcome in these patients.
Methods
181 patients undergoing PMV for rheumatic MS were enrolled. Invasive hemodynamic and echocardiographic measures were examined in all patients. Inadequate response of PAP was defined as the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) values unchanged at the end of the procedure. Long-term outcome was a composite endpoint of death, mitral valve replacement, repeat PMV, new onset of atrial fibrillation (AF), or stroke.
Results
The mean age was 44.1±12.6 years, and 157 patients were women (86.7%). In the overall population, mPAP decreased from 33.4±13.1 mmHg pre to 27.6±9.8 mmHg post (p<0.001), as mitral valve increased from 0.96±0.2 cm2 pre to 1.68±0.2 cm2 post (p<0.001) PMV. Following PMV, 10 patients developed severe mitral regurgitation and were excluded from the analysis. Of the 171 patients analyzed, 52 (30%) did not present reduction of mPAP immediately after the PMV. Transmitral pressure gradients were significantly greater and mitral valve area was smaller in those patients with unchanged mPAP after PMV than in those whose PAP had decreased. Systolic, diastolic and mPAP pressures as well as left atrial pressure were higher in those patients who had improvement in pulmonary pressures after PMV. Multivariate analysis revealed the following independent predictors of unchanged mPAP: AF (Odds ratio [OR] 2.7, 95% [confidence interval] CI 1.1 to 6.4), mitral valve area (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.5), maximum mitral valve leaflets displacement (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7 to 0.9), and left ventricular compliance after PMV (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.6 to 0.9). During a mean follow-up of 28 months, the endpoint was reached in 48 patients (26%). The pulmonary pressure response to PMV was not predictor of long-term events.
Conclusions
In a large cohort of patients with MS undergoing PMV, mean pulmonary artery pressure values do not reduce immediately after the procedure in 30% of the cases, despite adequate opening of the valve. The factors associated with inadequate PAP response following PMV were presence of AF, larger mitral valve area, reduced valve leaflets mobility and post procedural low left ventricular compliance. The early non-reduction of mPAP after PMV is not associated with adverse outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- I F Sales
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, School of Medicine, Postgraduate Course of Tropical Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - M E Alcici
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, School of Medicine, Postgraduate Course of Tropical Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - G R S A Athayde
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, School of Medicine, Postgraduate Course of Tropical Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - V T Ribeiro
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, School of Medicine, Postgraduate Course of Tropical Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - T D Diamantino
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, School of Medicine, Postgraduate Course of Tropical Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - L C B Silva
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, School of Medicine, Postgraduate Course of Tropical Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - F V B Macedo
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, School of Medicine, Postgraduate Course of Tropical Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - B C M Spalaor
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, School of Medicine, Postgraduate Course of Tropical Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - P V S Valente
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, School of Medicine, Postgraduate Course of Tropical Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - J R Soares
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, School of Medicine, Postgraduate Course of Tropical Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - L J Lucas
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, School of Medicine, Postgraduate Course of Tropical Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - M C Pereira Nunes
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, School of Medicine, Postgraduate Course of Tropical Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Cassman NA, Soares JR, Pijl A, Lourenço KS, van Veen JA, Cantarella H, Kuramae EE. Nitrification inhibitors effectively target N 2 O-producing Nitrosospira spp. in tropical soil. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:1241-1254. [PMID: 30735001 PMCID: PMC6850170 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The nitrification inhibitors (NIs) 3,4-dimethylpyrazole (DMPP) and dicyandiamide (DCD) can effectively reduce N2 O emissions; however, which species are targeted and the effect of these NIs on the microbial nitrifier community is still unclear. Here, we identified the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) species linked to N2 O emissions and evaluated the effects of urea and urea with DCD and DMPP on the nitrifying community in a 258 day field experiment under sugarcane. Using an amoA AOB amplicon sequencing approach and mining a previous dataset of 16S rRNA sequences, we characterized the most likely N2 O-producing AOB as a Nitrosospira spp. and identified Nitrosospira (AOB), Nitrososphaera (archaeal ammonia oxidizer) and Nitrospira (nitrite-oxidizer) as the most abundant, present nitrifiers. The fertilizer treatments had no effect on the alpha and beta diversities of the AOB communities. Interestingly, we found three clusters of co-varying variables with nitrifier operational taxonomic units (OTUs): the N2 O-producing AOB Nitrosospira with N2 O, NO3 - , NH4 + , water-filled pore space (WFPS) and pH; AOA Nitrososphaera with NO3 - , NH4 + and pH; and AOA Nitrososphaera and NOB Nitrospira with NH4 + , which suggests different drivers. These results support the co-occurrence of non-N2 O-producing Nitrososphaera and Nitrospira in the unfertilized soils and the promotion of N2 O-producing Nitrosospira under urea fertilization. Further, we suggest that DMPP is a more effective NI than DCD in tropical soil under sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko A. Cassman
- Department of Microbial EcologyNetherlands Institute for Ecology NIOO‐KNAWWageningenNetherlands
| | - Johnny R. Soares
- Department of Microbial EcologyNetherlands Institute for Ecology NIOO‐KNAWWageningenNetherlands
- Soil Sciences and Fertility, Soil and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of CampinasP.O. Box 28, 13012‐970, CampinasSPBrazil
| | - Agata Pijl
- Department of Microbial EcologyNetherlands Institute for Ecology NIOO‐KNAWWageningenNetherlands
| | - Késia S. Lourenço
- Department of Microbial EcologyNetherlands Institute for Ecology NIOO‐KNAWWageningenNetherlands
- Soil Sciences and Fertility, Soil and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of CampinasP.O. Box 28, 13012‐970, CampinasSPBrazil
| | - Johannes A. van Veen
- Department of Microbial EcologyNetherlands Institute for Ecology NIOO‐KNAWWageningenNetherlands
| | - Heitor Cantarella
- Soil Sciences and Fertility, Soil and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of CampinasP.O. Box 28, 13012‐970, CampinasSPBrazil
| | - Eiko E. Kuramae
- Department of Microbial EcologyNetherlands Institute for Ecology NIOO‐KNAWWageningenNetherlands
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Soares JR, Cassman NA, Kielak AM, Pijl A, Carmo JB, Lourenço KS, Laanbroek HJ, Cantarella H, Kuramae EE. Nitrous oxide emission related to ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and mitigation options from N fertilization in a tropical soil. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30349. [PMID: 27460335 PMCID: PMC4962081 DOI: 10.1038/srep30349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) from nitrogen fertilizers applied to sugarcane has high environmental impact on ethanol production. This study aimed to determine the main microbial processes responsible for the N2O emissions from soil fertilized with different N sources, to identify options to mitigate N2O emissions, and to determine the impacts of the N sources on the soil microbiome. In a field experiment, nitrogen was applied as calcium nitrate, urea, urea with dicyandiamide or 3,4 dimethylpyrazone phosphate nitrification inhibitors (NIs), and urea coated with polymer and sulfur (PSCU). Urea caused the highest N2O emissions (1.7% of N applied) and PSCU did not reduce cumulative N2O emissions compared to urea. NIs reduced N2O emissions (95%) compared to urea and had emissions comparable to those of the control (no N). Similarly, calcium nitrate resulted in very low N2O emissions. Interestingly, N2O emissions were significantly correlated only with bacterial amoA, but not with denitrification gene (nirK, nirS, nosZ) abundances, suggesting that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, via the nitrification pathway, were the main contributors to N2O emissions. Moreover, the treatments had little effect on microbial composition or diversity. We suggest nitrate-based fertilizers or the addition of NIs in NH4(+)-N based fertilizers as viable options for reducing N2O emissions in tropical soils and lessening the environmental impact of biofuel produced from sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny R Soares
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, 6708 PB, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Soils and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, P.O. Box 28, 13012-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Noriko A Cassman
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, 6708 PB, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Anna M Kielak
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, 6708 PB, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Agata Pijl
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, 6708 PB, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Janaína B Carmo
- Environmental Science Department, Federal University of São Carlos, 1852-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Kesia S Lourenço
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, 6708 PB, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Soils and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, P.O. Box 28, 13012-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Hendrikus J Laanbroek
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, 6708 PB, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Netherlands
| | - Heitor Cantarella
- Soils and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, P.O. Box 28, 13012-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Eiko E Kuramae
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, 6708 PB, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Soares JR, Cantarella H, Vargas VP, Carmo JB, Martins AA, Sousa RM, Andrade CA. Enhanced-efficiency fertilizers in nitrous oxide emissions from urea applied to sugarcane. J Environ Qual 2015; 44:423-430. [PMID: 26023961 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2014.02.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The environmental benefits of producing biofuels from sugarcane have been questioned due to greenhouse gas emissions during the biomass production stage, especially nitrous oxide (NO) associated with nitrogen (N) fertilization. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and a controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) to reduce NO emissions from urea, applied at a rate of 120 kg ha of N. Two field experiments in ratoon cycle sugarcane were performed in Brazil. The treatments were (i) no N (control), (ii) urea, (iii) urea+DCD, (iv) urea+DMPP, and (v) CRF. Measurements of NO fluxes were performed using static chambers with four replications. The measurements were conducted three times per week during the first 3 mo and biweekly afterward for a total of 217 and 382 d in the first and second seasons, respectively. The cumulative NO-N emissions in the first ratoon cycle were 1098 g ha in the control treatment and 1924 g ha with urea (0.7% of the total N applied). Addition of NIs to urea reduced NO emissions by more than 90%, which did not differ from those of the plots without N. The CRF treatment showed NO emissions no different from those of urea. The results were similar in the second ratoon: the treatment with urea showed NO emissions of 0.75% of N applied N. Application of NIs resulted in a strong reduction in NO emissions, but CRF increased emissions compared with urea. We therefore conclude that both NIs can be options for mitigation of greenhouse gas emission in sugarcane used for bioenergy.
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Soares JR, Nunes MCP, Leite AF, Falqueto EB, Lacerda BERA, Ferrari TCA. Reversible dilated cardiomyopathy associated with amphotericin B therapy. J Clin Pharm Ther 2014; 40:333-5. [PMID: 25487534 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Amphotericin B (AmB) is commonly used to treat a broad spectrum of fungal infections and leishmaniasis. Its use is limited by numerous adverse effects. Reversible dilated cardiomyopathy associated with AmB is a rare disorder with only four previously reported cases, and all of them referring to patients who presented with a predisposing factor for heart failure. CASE SUMMARY A previously healthy 45-year-old man with visceral leishmaniasis treated with AmB developed acute dilated cardiomyopathy. Other causes of heart failure as well-known predisposing factors for this condition were ruled out. As with previously reported cases, the cardiac function of our patient returned to normal shortly after. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION We describe the first case of dilated cardiomyopathy associated with the administration of AmB in a patient without any known predisposing factor for developing cardiac dysfunction. Available evidence suggests that AmB may induce cardiotoxicity. Further investigations are needed to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Soares
- Hospital das Clinicas of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to assess whether near-total laryngectomy (NTL) could successfully reach the cure and preserve the voice in advanced laryngeal cancer, we studied 28 patients with T3/T4 squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx treated with NTL in our institution. METHODS A retrospective analysis has been carried out from 1990 through 1994. We classified 24 patients as Stage III and 4 patients as Stage IV. All patients had lateral neck dissection. Survival was analyzed under the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Twenty-six patients achieved voice preservation. Two patients in the bilateral neck dissection group had a metastatic lymph node on the opposite side. No patient had local recurrence. Three patients died of the disease, and 1 patient was salvaged with neck dissection. Three-year disease-free survival was 85%. CONCLUSION This technique is useful in the treatment of selected cases of advanced laryngeal cancer and achieves local control of the lesion in all cases. The survival is comparable with that of patients submitted to total laryngectomy, regarding the extent of lesion. Voice preservation can be achieved in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Lima
- Head and Neck Service, Hospital do Cancer, National Cancer Institute/INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
The antioxidant activities of methanol and ethyl ether extracts obtained from Thymus zygis, collected during the flowering or non-flowering period, were evaluated and compared. To investigate this potential, extracts were tested on their capacity to react with diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in a homogeneous medium, and to inhibit Fe2+/ascorbate-induced membrane lipid peroxidation, as estimated by the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). Although methanol extracts reduce DPPH radicals more efficiently than ethyl ether extracts, suggesting a potent radical scavenger activity, the ethyl ether extracts were found to be most active in inhibiting lipid peroxidation in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes. In addition, both extracts present peroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging activities. Peroxyl radicals were generated by the water soluble 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) azoinitiator, and the scavenging activities of the extracts were measured by the inhibition of cis-parinaric acid (PnA) fluorescence decay in SR. Superoxide radicals were generated either by an enzymatic or a non-enzymatic system, and the scavenger ability was evaluated by the inhibition of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction. Methanolic extracts are more potent as scavengers of peroxyl and superoxide radicals than the ethyl ether extracts. Apparently, there is a relationship between antioxidant potency and the total phenolic groups content in each extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Soares
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
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Kligerman J, Olivatto LO, Lima RA, Freitas EQ, Soares JR, Dias FL, Melo LE, Sá GM, Duccini E. Elective neck dissection in the treatment of T3/T4 N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Am J Surg 1995; 170:436-9. [PMID: 7485727 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9610(99)80324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study analyzed pathologic findings of clinically occult cervical lymph nodes of T3/T4 N0 squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma and their impact on locoregional failures and overall survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of 76 patients with T3/T4 N0 laryngeal carcinoma was carried out between 1981 and 1989. Sixty-seven patients had transglottic tumor, 31 patients had extralaryngeal spread, 56 patients were T3 N0, and 20 patients were T4 N0. Seventy-five patients had total laryngectomy and 1 had near total laryngectomy. All patients had bilateral elective neck dissection. The chi-square test was applied to factors related to neck metastasis and locoregional failure. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier actuarial method; differences were tested using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS Eighteen patients had positive surgical margins. Occult neck metastasis was observed in 30%. Univariate analysis showed that cancer stage and cartilage status were not significant to predict neck metastasis. Locoregional recurrence was observed in 28% of patients. Surgical margins, cervical metastasis, lesion extension, and cartilage invasion had significant impact on disease-free survival. The 5-year overall survival was 52%; disease-free survival was 57%. CONCLUSION The elective bilateral neck dissection performed in T3/T4 N0 patients yielded a 30% incidence of occult neck metastasis. Classification of transglottic carcinomas into endolaryngeal and exolaryngeal provides a better parameter for predicting neck metastasis than does T status. Disease-free and overall survival were significantly affected by neck metastasis, T stage, exolaryngeal tumor, cartilage infiltration, and surgical margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kligerman
- Head and Neck Service, Hospital do Cancer/INCa., Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kligerman J, Lima RA, Soares JR, Prado L, Dias FL, Freitas EQ, Olivatto LO. Supraomohyoid neck dissection in the treatment of T1/T2 squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity. Am J Surg 1994; 168:391-4. [PMID: 7977957 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9610(05)80082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies in patients with previously untreated T1 and T2 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue and floor of the mouth have shown a relationship between tumor thickness, neck metastasis, and survival. Our study was conducted to determine the indication of elective neck dissection in patients with early oral cavity SCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-seven patients were stratified by stage (T1 and T2 NO), and those in each stage were randomized to receive one of two types of treatment; resection alone (RA) or resection plus elective supraomohyoid neck dissection (RSOND). Fifty-two patients (78%) were men and 15 (22%) were women. The median age was 57 years old (range 34 to 95). RESULTS Twenty-six (39%) patients had tumor in the floor of the mouth and 41 (61%), in the tongue. Using the criteria of the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC), 1987, we classified 31 tumors (46%) as T1 lesions and 36 (54%) as T2 lesions. Thirty patients had a tumor thickness < or = 4 mm and 37 had a tumor thickness > 4 mm. Thirty-three (49%) patients were treated with RA, and 34 patients (51%) were treated with RSOND. Seven (21%) patients of the RSOND group had occult cervical metastasis. There were recurrences in 14 (42%) patients of the RA group and 8 (24%) patients of the RSOND group. The disease-free survival rates at 3.5 years for RA and RSOND patients were 49%, and 72%, respectively. The impact of sex, age, site, cancer stage, and tumor thickness was assessed by the Mantel-Haenszel chi-square procedure. Later stage (P = 0.05) and increased tumor thickness (P = 0.005) were significantly associated with treatment failures. CONCLUSION Neck dissection remains mandatory in the early stage of oral SCC, because of better survival rates compared to RA and the poor salvage rate. In particular, patients with tumor thickness > 4 mm treated with RSOND had significant benefit on disease-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kligerman
- Head and Neck Service, Hospital do Cancer/INCa., Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Simasko SM, Soares JR, Weiland GA. Two components of carbamylcholine-induced loss of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function in the neuronal cell line PC12. Mol Pharmacol 1986; 30:6-12. [PMID: 3724745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of responsiveness of the neuronal-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) on PC12 cells, a cell line derived from a rat pheochromocytoma, was induced by exposure to carbamylcholine (carbachol). Nicotinic receptor function was assessed by carbachol-induced 22Na+ uptake. We found that, in addition to classically described desensitization, a second process occurs which results in a nonrecoverable loss of nAChR activity. This second process, which we have labeled inactivation, has a slower onset than the classically described desensitization (t1/2 = 14.7 min for inactivation and 0.78 min for desensitization at 1 mM carbachol). Inactivation could not be explained by inadequate washing, a loss of electrochemical driving force, or a loss of cell viability. The onset of inactivation is dependent on the concentration of desensitizing ligand and is blocked by nicotinic antagonists. No recovery of the loss of activity from inactivation was observed even after 2 hr of incubation in recovery buffer. Inactivation does not appear to require formation of a desensitized state since desensitization was reduced in the absence of Ca2+ whereas inactivation was not affected by the absence of Ca2+. The mechanism which underlies inactivation remains to be determined; however, it is possible that inactivation is the first step in nAChR down-regulation and it may also explain previous observations of rapid and prolonged tolerance to the effects of nicotinic agonists.
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Simasko SM, Soares JR, Weiland GA. Structure-activity relationship for substance P inhibition of carbamylcholine-stimulated 22Na+ flux in neuronal (PC12) and non-neuronal (BC3H1) cell lines. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1985; 235:601-5. [PMID: 2416906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of carbamylcholine-stimulated 22Na+ flux by substance P and various peptide analogs was examined in PC12 cells, a line which contains a neuronal-type nicotinic receptor, and BC3H1 cells, a line which contains a muscle-type nicotinic receptor. Substance P produces a noncompetitive inhibition of carbamylcholine-stimulated 22Na+ influx in both cell lines (IC50 = 1.2 microM on PC12 cells and 8.2 microM on BC3H1 cells). The structure-activity relation for substance P analogs was qualitatively similar in both cell lines; however, there were quantitative differences. Substance P was the most potent peptide tested. Analogs of substance P with amino acids removed from the N-terminus resulted in significant decreases in potency, whereas removal of amino acids from the C-terminus resulted in analogs virtually devoid of activity. Compounds purported to be substance P antagonists had actions similar to substance P in reducing carbamylcholine-stimulated 22Na+ flux. The related tachykinins physalaemin and eledoisin had low potencies on both cell lines. These results indicate that the site through which substance P exerts its inhibitory effects on activation of nicotinic receptors is different from the receptors described previously for substance P in more classical systems. In addition, our results indicate that substance P has an effect on both the neuronal-type nicotinic receptor (alpha-bungarotoxin insensitive) expressed on PC12 cells and the muscle-type nicotinic receptor (alpha-bungarotoxin sensitive) expressed on BC3H1 cells.
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Gross SJ, Worthy TE, Nerder L, Zimmermann EG, Soares JR, Lomax P. Detection of recent cannabis use by saliva delta 9-THC radioimmunoassay. J Anal Toxicol 1985; 9:1-5. [PMID: 2984463 DOI: 10.1093/jat/9.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A non-invasive saliva sample delta 9-THC radioimmunoassay has been applied to 352 samples from 25 male and 10 female marijuana users after administration of one-half to two standard cigarettes (27 mg delta 9-THC/cigarette) and 72 control negative subjects who ingested a large variety of foods, condiments, or medications in an attempt to demonstrate interferences. The shortest duration of a positive was 2 hrs and the longest was 5 hrs after administration of the cannabis. No positives occurred in control subjects.
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Abstract
Paired serum and saliva samples, obtained from 100 emergency department patients suspected of phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication, were analyzed using a specific PCP radioimmunoassay (RIA). Seventy-four of the 100 saliva samples and 75 of the paired serum samples were positive for PCP. The final clinical diagnosis was PCP intoxication in 79 cases. Of these, both serum and saliva tests were positive in 70 cases, only serum was positive in two cases, and both serum and saliva samples were negative in seven cases. The concentration of PCP in the samples did not correlate with the severity of PCP intoxication. In the remaining 21 cases, with no clinical evidence of PCP intoxication, PCP assays were negative in both serum and saliva in 17 cases, three patients had positive saliva and serum tests, and one other patient had a positive PCP saliva assay. Thus, saliva would appear to be as reliable as serum as a specimen for PCP analysis.
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Parreira ML, Zamorano WM, Araújo CA, Soares JR, Ribeiro A. [Prevalence of the DMF index in students of various socioeconomic levels: statistical study]. Arq Cent Estud Curso Odontol 1984; 21-22:25-42. [PMID: 6599744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Zimmerman EG, Yeager EP, Soares JR, Hollister LE, Reeve VC. Measurement of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in whole blood samples from impaired motorists. J Forensic Sci 1983; 28:957-62. [PMID: 6313845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The major psychoactive cannabinoid in marihuana, delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was measured in 1792 randomly selected blood specimens from erratic motorists arrested for impairment who submitted to blood alcohol sampling. Of these specimens, 14.4% were positive for THC (greater than or equal to 5.5 ng/mL). In those erratic driver specimens negative for alcohol THC positives rose to 23%. Drivers who used marihuana covered a broad age range. Aliquots of hemolyzed blood (10 microL) were analyzed by a sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) not requiring extraction. RIA accuracy and specificity were validated by gas liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GLC/MS) split pair analysis (correlation coefficient = 0.93). This initial experience should facilitate and amplify a program designed to set forth the epidemiology of marihuana use in motorists and possible behavioral correlates.
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Reeve VC, Robertson WB, Grant J, Soares JR, Zimmermann EG, Gillespie HK, Hollister LE. Hemolyzed blood and serum levels of delta 9-THC: effects on the performance of roadside sobriety tests. J Forensic Sci 1983; 28:963-71. [PMID: 6313846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A pilot study was conducted to ascertain the range of induced hemolyzed blood/serum delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) concentrations in 58 human subjects. Subjects were tested within 5 min of smoking a delta 9-THC cigarette and then at half-hour intervals to 150 min. The subjects initially demonstrated a broad range of delta 9-THC hemolyzed blood levels, which settled within an hour to levels comparable to those measured in California drivers who had been stopped for impaired driving, arrested, and tested for delta 9-THC. Serum levels, when correlated with performance or roadside sobriety tests, demonstrated a broad range (5 to 183 ng/mL) of delta 9-THC levels and an "adaptation" effect in the subjects' perception of their own impairment. Although this preliminary study was not a double-blind placebo experiment, the overall performance of human subjects demonstrated the "adaptation" effect, which may be a significant factor in making judgments while performing such complex tasks as driving. Also, the effects of the drug extended beyond the period of elevated delta 9-THC blood levels, perhaps because of THC metabolites that may contribute to impairment or the persistence of THC in the central nervous system. This pilot study will lay the groundwork for a program designed to determine the epidemiology and behavior correlates of marijuana use in motorists.
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Abstract
The maternal serum concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin, pregnancy-specific beta-l-glycoprotein, placental lactogen, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, estradiol and estriol were measured in 13 women who smoked marijuana regularly throughout pregnancy. Cannabinoid use in these women was confirmed by RIA measurements of their serum delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations. These THC using women were matched within 2 1/2 weeks of gestational age with 13 pregnant non-THC using controls drawn from the same population. Placental protein and steroid hormone concentrations were within established normal ranges for gestational age and there were no significant differences between the groups in the concentrations of any of the protein and steroids measured. In addition, no significant differences between THC users were found following linear regression analysis of placental hormone concentrations as a function of gestational age. Thus, this study suggests that marijuana use during pregnancy does not significantly alter the circulating maternal concentrations of trophoblastic protein hormones or major fetoplacental steroid hormones.
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Yeager EP, Goebelsmann U, Soares JR, Grant JD, Gross SJ. delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol by GLC-MS validated radioimmunoassays of hemolyzed blood or serum. J Anal Toxicol 1981; 5:81-4. [PMID: 6264224 DOI: 10.1093/jat/5.2.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A direct radioimmunoassay (RIA) of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) in unextracted hemolyzed blood or serum is described. The dose-response curve in the range of 5-50 ng/mL (serum or blood) was linear on log-logit transformation and iterative weighted regression. Validation studies included testing for precision, accuracy and antibody specificity as well as confirmation of RIA results (marijuana smoker samples) by gas liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GLC-MS). This routine method will greatly augment cannabinoid investigative programs.
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Stanczyk FZ, Miyakawa I, Soares JR, Goebelsmann U. Radioimmunoassay of estriol-16-glucuronide using tritiated and radioiodinated radioligands: direct radioimmunoassay of urinary estriol-16-glucuronide during the menstrual cycle. J Steroid Biochem 1979; 10:443-8. [PMID: 221746 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(79)90333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gross SJ, Soares JR. Separate radioimmune measurements of body fluid delta9-THC and 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta9-THC. NIDA Res Monogr 1976:10-4. [PMID: 967237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Grant JD, Soares JR, Gross SJ. Antibody competition for plasma protein-bound estriol. FEBS Lett 1975; 60:103-8. [PMID: 1227947 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(75)80428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Grant JD, Soares JR, Gross SJ. Separation of high affinity hapten specific and crossreacting IgG populations. Immunochemistry 1975; 12:481-4. [PMID: 1184106 DOI: 10.1016/0019-2791(75)90070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Soares JR, Gross SJ, Bashore RA. Evaluation of azoestriol antisera for estriol measurements in pregnancy plasma directly and after extraction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1975; 40:970-6. [PMID: 1133162 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-40-6-970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
2-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-estriol antisera were employed to quantitate pregnancy plasma estriol in ether extracts by single phase radioimmune assay without chromatography. Utilizing antiserum which crossreacted minimally even with the monoglucosiduronate metabolites, unextracted plasma estriol measurements were identical statistically to ether extract determinations.
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Soares JR, Hite G. Mechanism and stereochemistry of a novel reaction of cyanogen bromide with (+)-1-methyl-3-benzoyl-3-hydroxypiperidine. J Pharm Sci 1974; 63:298-300. [PMID: 4813261 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600630229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Maxwell RE, Chaplin E, Eckhardt SB, Soares JR, Hite G. Conformational similarities between molecular models of phenethylamine and of potent inhibitors of the uptake of tritiated norepinephrine by adrenergic nerves in rabbit aorta. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1970; 173:158-65. [PMID: 4392603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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