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Thompson KMA, Gamble ASD, Kontro H, Lee JB, Burr JF. Low- and high-volume blood-flow restriction treadmill walking both improve maximal aerobic capacity independently of blood volume. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14534. [PMID: 37961932 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM Assess the effect of low- and high-volume blood flow restriction training (BFR) on maximal aerobic capacity (VO2 max) and determine if alteration in VO2 max is mediated through changes in hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and blood volume. METHODS Participants' Hbmass (CO-rebreathe), single, and double-leg VO2 max and blood volume regulating hormonal responses (renin and copeptin) were measured before and after BFR training. Training consisted of treadmill walking either (1) twice-daily for 4week (CON and BFRHV ) or (2) twice-weekly for 6week (BFRLV ). Each session consisted of five intervals (3 min, 5% incline, 5 km/h, 100% of lowest occlusion pressure), with 1 min of standing rest between sets. RESULTS VO2 max increased using both training exposures, in as quickly as 2-weeks (BFRLV baseline to 4week: +315 ± 241 mL (8.7%), p = 0.02; BFRHV baseline to 2week: +360 ± 261 mL (7.9%), p < 0.01), for the BFRLV and BFRHV groups, with no change in CON. Single- and double-leg VO2 max improved proportionately (single/double-leg VO2 max ratio: BFRLV 78 ± 4.9-78 ± 5.8%, BFRHV 79 ± 6.5-77 ± 6.5%), suggesting that the mechanism for increased VO2 max is not solely limited to central or peripheral adaptations. Hbmass remained unchanged across groups (CON: +10.2 ± 34 g, BFRLV : +6.6 ± 42 g, BFRHV : +3.2 ± 44 g; p = 0.9), despite a significant release of blood volume regulating hormones after initial BFR exposure (renin +20.8 ± 21.9 ng/L, p < 0.01; copeptin +22.0 ± 23.8 pmol/L, p < 0.01), which was blunted following BFRHV training (renin: +13.4 ± 12.4 ng/L, p = 0.09; copeptin: +1.9 ± 1.7 pmol/L, p = 0.98). CONCLUSION BFR treadmill walking increases VO2 max irrespective of changes in Hbmass or blood volume despite a large release of blood volume regulating hormones in response to BFR treadmill walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M A Thompson
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - A S D Gamble
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - H Kontro
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - J B Lee
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - J F Burr
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Lee JB, Choi JS. Healthcare workers' epidemiology of occupational exposure to blood-borne viruses, post-exposure prophylaxis, and seroconversion over 10 years. J Hosp Infect 2023; 135:18-27. [PMID: 36805081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers (HCWs) have an increased risk of blood-borne pathogen (BBP) infection due to occupational blood exposures (OBEs). Early reporting, detection, and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) allows for prevention of infections. AIM To investigate the incidence of OBEs, related epidemiological characteristics, PEP completion rate, time and reason for PEP discontinuation, and seroconversion rate reported over 10 years. METHODS We retrospectively analysed 1,086 OBE cases and staff PEP management from January 2012 to December 2021 in a South Korean tertiary hospital. FINDINGS The mean incidence of OBE was 7.82 per 100 beds and 3.0 per 100 HCWs. Among 1,086 cases, 633 (58.3%) required PEP, and 453 (41.7%) did not. After OBEs, 70.1% (444/633) of those subject to PEP completed tracking, and 29.9% (189/633) stopped PEP tracking (p < 0.001). The PEP completion rate showed a significant difference according to gender (p = 0.024), occupation (p < 0.001), and exposure frequency (p < 0.001). None of the 444 HCWs who completed PEP seroconverted to hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, or Treponema pallidum (syphilis). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the need to improve follow-up care among HCWs following OBEs. There is a need for education in healthcare facilities; moreover, establishing a national surveillance system is necessary to ensure that HCWs proactively undergo PEP and complete their follow-up visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Lee
- Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - J S Choi
- Gachon University College of Nursing, Incheon, South Korea.
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3
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Hassan NM, Lee JB. RADIOLOGICAL IMPACT OF USING DECORATIVE GRANITE AS AN ATTENUATOR OF IONIZING RADIATION. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2023; 199:11-19. [PMID: 36309854 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Granite is a widely available rock, which can be used as a shielding material, for bulk in the form of the aggregate in concrete. It has the weakness that it is more radioactive than many other rocks, which can be used in concrete. This paper looks at its properties as a shielding material and the activity level. Thus, the concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, in granite were measured using a high pure germanium detector (HPGe). They were ranged from (15 ± 4 to 49 ± 5) Bq kg-1 for 226Ra, (22 ± 4 to 78 ± 4 Bq kg-1) for 232Th and (791 ± 13 to 1231 ± 15 Bq kg-1) for 40K. Radiological indices of radium equivalent concentration (Raeq), external (Hex), internal (Hin) and annual effective dose were less than worldwide recommended limits. The results emphasized, the granite samples had no radiation hazard. Nevertheless, the mass attenuation coefficients of granite samples were measured for the gamma rays of energy range 122-1408 keV. The mass attenuation coefficients of the studied granite samples were ranged from 0.05 to 0.15 cm2 g-1. In addition, the average the half-value layer of granite was varied from 1.8 cm for 122 keV to 5.2 cm for 1408 keV. The results are that the attenuation characteristics are typical and match the values given by NIST for 'concrete' and that the activity levels of the samples examined are acceptable. Thus the granite may be used as an attenuator for ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil M Hassan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, PO Box 44519, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Bahrain, PO Box 32038, Zallaq, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - J B Lee
- Department of Nuclear and Radiation Safety, University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Britton BM, London JA, Martin-Lopez J, Jones ND, Liu J, Lee JB, Fishel R. Exploiting the distinctive properties of the bacterial and human MutS homolog sliding clamps on mismatched DNA. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102505. [PMID: 36126773 PMCID: PMC9597889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MutS homologs (MSHs) are highly conserved core components of DNA mismatch repair. Mismatch recognition provokes ATP-binding by MSH proteins that drives a conformational transition from a short-lived lesion-searching clamp to an extremely stable sliding clamp on the DNA. Here, we have expanded on previous bulk biochemical studies to examine the stability, lifetime, and kinetics of bacterial and human MSH sliding clamps on mismatched DNA using surface plasmon resonance and single-molecule analysis of fluorescently labeled proteins. We found that ATP-bound MSH complexes bound to blocked-end or very long mismatched DNAs were extremely stable over a range of ionic conditions. These observations underpinned the development of a high-throughput Förster resonance energy transfer system that specifically detects the formation of MSH sliding clamps on mismatched DNA. The Förster resonance energy transfer system is capable of distinguishing between HsMSH2-HsMSH3 and HsMSH2-HsMSH6 and appears suitable for chemical inhibitor screens. Taken together, our results provide additional insight into MSH sliding clamps as well as methods to distinguish their functions in mismatch repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke M Britton
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - James A London
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Juana Martin-Lopez
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nathan D Jones
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jiaquan Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jong-Bong Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea; Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea
| | - Richard Fishel
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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Kim CM, Lee JB, Shin SJ, Ahn JB, Lee M, Kim HS. The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in elderly patients: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100577. [PMID: 36156450 PMCID: PMC9588901 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has improved patient survival in advanced cancers; however, the efficacy of ICIs in elderly patients is still elusive. This study assessed the efficacy of ICIs in elderly patients with advanced cancer in terms of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Materials and methods We carried out a systematic review and identified 30 head-to-head phase II/III randomized controlled trials that compared immunotherapy with the standard of care in advanced solid tumor patients. The data on patients younger or over 65 years of age were indexed from PubMed-Medline, Embase, and Scopus and obtained for meta-analysis. The subgroup analyses were stratified by primary tumor type, line of treatment, or type of immunotherapy, and a meta-regression analysis was carried out after adjusting for all other variables. Results The study included 17 476 patients, comprising 58% (10 119) younger (<65 years old) and 42% (7357) elderly (≥65 years old) patients. The hazard ratio (HR) for OS was 0.77 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70-0.85] and 0.77 (95% CI 0.70-0.85) in the younger and elderly groups, respectively, suggesting similar efficacies of ICIs in these two age groups. The subgroup analyses revealed no significant relationship between age and treatment outcomes, except for the PFS benefit in younger patients with melanoma than in elderly patients (HR 0.44 in younger patients versus 0.65 in elderly patients, P = 0.04). These results were further supported by meta-regression analysis, which showed no statistically significant difference in OS (P = 0.954) and PFS (P = 0.555) between the two age groups. Conclusions The findings suggest that age-associated impairments of the immune system did not affect the efficacy of ICIs in elderly patients compared to younger patients. Therefore, the choice of ICIs for elderly patients can be considered, regardless of chronological age. We evaluated the efficacy of ICI in 17 476 patients, comprising 58% younger and 42% elderly patients. Meta-analysis resulted in the comparable efficacy of ICI between younger and older age groups. Further, meta-regression analysis showed no significant difference in OS and PFS. Our study suggests that chronological age does not lead to immunosenescence in response to ICI in immune-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - J B Lee
- Lung Cancer Clinic, Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul
| | - S J Shin
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - J B Ahn
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - M Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul.
| | - H S Kim
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Lee JB, Choi JS. The effect of an isolation-coping programme on patients isolated for colonization or infection with multidrug-resistant organisms: a quasi-experimental study. J Hosp Infect 2022; 129:31-37. [PMID: 35987316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global increase in the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) among multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) has necessitated contact precaution and isolation in medical institutions. Contact isolation has a negative effect on the mental health of patients, but few interventions have addressed this issue. AIM This study evaluated an isolation-coping programme developed for patients colonized or infected with VRE or CRE. METHODS To mitigate the negative effects of isolation due to having MDRO, an infection control nurse in the present study 1) developed an isolation-coping programme and 2) validated the programme's effect on the uncertainty, anxiety, depression, and knowledge of patients isolated because of MDRO (VRE or CRE) using a pre-post quasi-experimental design. FINDINGS The experimental group (n=56) received education and emotional support via the isolation-coping programme, while the control group (n=55) received only verbal isolation guidelines provided by the medical institution. Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed a reduction in uncertainty (t=-8.925), anxiety (Z=-6.131), and depression (Z=-5.379), and better knowledge (Z=-8.372) (p<.001 for all). CONCLUSION The novel isolation-coping programme is an effective intervention to improve uncertainty, anxiety, depression, and knowledge in patients isolated with VRE or CRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Lee
- Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - J S Choi
- Gachon University College of Nursing, Incheon, South Korea.
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7
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Kim B, Park Y, Hwang HJ, Chang J, Kim YK, Lee JB. Single polysome analysis of mRNP. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 618:73-78. [PMID: 35716598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation is a complex process that involves the interplay of various translation factors to convert genetic information into a specific amino acid chain. According to an elegant model of eukaryotic translation initiation, the 3' poly(A) tail of an mRNA, which is occupied by poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs), communicates with the 5'-cap bound by eIF4E to enhance translation. Although the circularization of mRNA resulting from the communication is widely understood, it has yet to be directly observed. To explore mRNA circularization in translation, we analyzed the level of colocalization of eIF4E, eIF4G, and PABP on individual mRNAs in polysomal and subpolysomal fractions using single polysome analysis. Our results show that the three tested proteins barely coexist in mRNA in either polysomal or subpolysomal fractions, implying that the closed-loop structure generated by the communication between eIF4E, eIF4G, and PAPB may be transient during translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungju Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Yeonkyoung Park
- Creative Research Initiatives Center for Molecular Biology of Translation, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea; School of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Hwang
- Creative Research Initiatives Center for Molecular Biology of Translation, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea; School of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jeeyoon Chang
- Creative Research Initiatives Center for Molecular Biology of Translation, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea; School of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Yoon Ki Kim
- Creative Research Initiatives Center for Molecular Biology of Translation, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea; School of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
| | - Jong-Bong Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea; School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience & Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
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Chang M, Lee OC, Bu G, Oh J, Yunn NO, Ryu SH, Kwon HB, Kolomeisky AB, Shim SH, Doh J, Jeon JH, Lee JB. Formation of cellular close-ended tunneling nanotubes through mechanical deformation. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabj3995. [PMID: 35353579 PMCID: PMC8967236 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj3995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Membrane nanotubes or tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) that connect cells have been recognized as a previously unidentified pathway for intercellular transport between distant cells. However, it is unknown how this delicate structure, which extends over tens of micrometers and remains robust for hours, is formed. Here, we found that a TNT develops from a double filopodial bridge (DFB) created by the physical contact of two filopodia through helical deformation of the DFB. The transition of a DFB to a close-ended TNT is most likely triggered by disruption of the adhesion of two filopodia by mechanical energy accumulated in a twisted DFB when one of the DFB ends is firmly attached through intercellular cadherin-cadherin interactions. These studies pinpoint the mechanistic questions about TNTs and elucidate a formation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhyeok Chang
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - O-chul Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Gayun Bu
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Jaeho Oh
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Na-Oh Yunn
- POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Sung Ho Ryu
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Hyung-Bae Kwon
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Sang-Hee Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02481, Korea
| | - Junsang Doh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Jeon
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
- Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics (APCTP), Pohang 37673, Korea
- Corresponding author. (J.-B.L.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Jong-Bong Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
- Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics (APCTP), Pohang 37673, Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Corresponding author. (J.-B.L.); (J.-H.J.)
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Gu S, Jeon HM, Nam SW, Hong KY, Rahman MS, Lee JB, Kim Y, Jang SK. The flip-flop configuration of the PABP-dimer leads to switching of the translation function. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 50:306-321. [PMID: 34904669 PMCID: PMC8754640 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) is a translation initiation factor that interacts with the poly(A) tail of mRNAs. PABP bound to poly(A) stimulates translation by interacting with the eukaryotic initiation factor 4G (eIF4G), which brings the 3′ end of an mRNA close to its 5′ m7G cap structure through consecutive interactions of the 3′-poly(A)–PABP-eIF4G-eIF4E-5′ m7G cap. PABP is a highly abundant translation factor present in considerably larger quantities than mRNA and eIF4G in cells. However, it has not been elucidated how eIF4G, present in limited cellular concentrations, is not sequestered by mRNA-free PABP, present at high cellular concentrations, but associates with PABP complexed with the poly(A) tail of an mRNA. Here, we report that RNA-free PABPs dimerize with a head-to-head type configuration of PABP, which interferes in the interaction between PABP and eIF4G. We identified the domains of PABP responsible for PABP–PABP interaction. Poly(A) RNA was shown to convert the PABP–PABP complex into a poly(A)–PABP complex, with a head-to-tail-type configuration of PABP that facilitates the interaction between PABP and eIF4G. Lastly, we showed that the transition from the PABP dimer to the poly(A)–PABP complex is necessary for the translational activation function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Gu
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Jeon
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Nam
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Young Hong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Shafiqur Rahman
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Bong Lee
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience & Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physices, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Key Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.,School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience & Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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10
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Kim KJ, Kim IS, Oh SH, Lee SM, Lee HJ, Kang SH, Lee JB, Ryu YL, Chang CL. Evaluation of an automated specimen processing system for staining and culture for acid-fast bacilli. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 25:677-679. [PMID: 34330357 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K J Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - I-S Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - S M Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - H-J Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - J B Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Y L Ryu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - C L Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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El-Domyati M, El-Din WH, Rezk AF, Chervoneva I, Lee JB, Farber M, Uitto J, Igoucheva O, Alexeev V. Systemic CXCL10 is a predictive biomarker of vitiligo lesional skin infiltration, PUVA, NB-UVB and corticosteroid treatment response and outcome. Arch Dermatol Res 2021; 314:275-284. [PMID: 33866437 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-021-02228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary skin disorder that currently lacks standardized treatment and validated biomarkers to objectively evaluate disease state or therapeutic response. Although prior studies have linked vitiligo autoimmunity with CXCL10/CXCL9-mediated recruitment of leukocytes to the skin, only limited clinical data are available regarding CXCL10 as vitiligo biomarker. To evaluate the utility of systemic CXCL10 as a predictor of disease progression and treatment response on a large cohort of vitiligo patients. CXCL10 levels in lesional, perilesional, and unaffected skin of vitiligo patient (n = 30) and in the serum (n = 51) were measured by quantitative ELISA. CXCL10 expression, recruitment of leukocytes, and inflammatory infiltrates were evaluated by histochemical (n = 32) and immunofluorescence (n = 10) staining. Rigorous cross-sectional and longitudinal biostatistical analysis were employed to correlate CXCL10 levels with disease variables, treatment response, and outcome. We demonstrated that elevated CXCL10 level (2 pg/mm2 and higher) in lesional skin correlates with increased leukocytic infiltrate, disease duration (< 2 year), and its higher level in the serum (50 pg/ml and higher). Changes in CXCL10 serum levels in patients treated with psoralen plus UVA (PUVA) phototherapy, narrowband UVB (NB-UVB) phototherapy, and systemic steroids (SS) correlated with changes in the intralesional CXCL10 levels in repigmented skin. NB-UVB and SS regimens provided most consistent CXCL10 mean change, suggesting that these regimens are most effective in harnessing CXCR3-mediated inflammatory response. Serum CXCL10 is a useful vitiligo biomarker, which predicts lesional skin leukocytic infiltration, and vitiligo treatment response and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M El-Domyati
- Department of Dermatology, STDs and Andrology At Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
| | - W H El-Din
- Department of Dermatology, STDs and Andrology At Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - A F Rezk
- Department of Dermatology, STDs and Andrology At Minia University, Minia, Egypt.,Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, BLSB, Suite 430, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - I Chervoneva
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Biostatistics, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - J B Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, BLSB, Suite 430, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - M Farber
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, BLSB, Suite 430, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - J Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, BLSB, Suite 430, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - O Igoucheva
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, BLSB, Suite 430, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Vitali Alexeev
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, BLSB, Suite 430, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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12
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Chang J, Hwang HJ, Kim B, Choi YG, Park J, Park Y, Lee BS, Park H, Yoon MJ, Woo JS, Kim C, Park MS, Lee JB, Kim YK. TRIM28 functions as a negative regulator of aggresome formation. Autophagy 2021; 17:4231-4248. [PMID: 33783327 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1909835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective recognition and elimination of misfolded polypeptides are crucial for protein homeostasis. When the ubiquitin-proteasome system is impaired, misfolded polypeptides tend to form small cytosolic aggregates and are transported to the aggresome and eventually eliminated by the autophagy pathway. Despite the importance of this process, the regulation of aggresome formation remains poorly understood. Here, we identify TRIM28/TIF1β/KAP1 (tripartite motif containing 28) as a negative regulator of aggresome formation. Direct interaction between TRIM28 and CTIF (cap binding complex dependent translation initiation factor) leads to inefficient aggresomal targeting of misfolded polypeptides. We also find that either treatment of cells with poly I:C or infection of the cells by influenza A viruses triggers the phosphorylation of TRIM28 at S473 in a way that depends on double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase. The phosphorylation promotes association of TRIM28 with CTIF, inhibits aggresome formation, and consequently suppresses viral proliferation. Collectively, our data provide compelling evidence that TRIM28 is a negative regulator of aggresome formation.AbbreviationsBAG3: BCL2-associated athanogene 3; CTIF: CBC-dependent translation initiation factor; CED: CTIF-EEF1A1-DCTN1; DCTN1: dynactin subunit 1; EEF1A1: eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1; EIF2AK2: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 2; HDAC6: histone deacetylase 6; IAV: influenza A virus; IP: immunoprecipitation; PLA: proximity ligation assay; polypeptidyl-puro: polypeptidyl-puromycin; qRT-PCR: quantitative reverse-transcription PCR; siRNA: small interfering RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyoon Chang
- Creative Research Initiatives Center for Molecular Biology of Translation, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Hwang
- Creative Research Initiatives Center for Molecular Biology of Translation, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungju Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Gil Choi
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joori Park
- Creative Research Initiatives Center for Molecular Biology of Translation, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonkyoung Park
- Creative Research Initiatives Center for Molecular Biology of Translation, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ban Seok Lee
- Creative Research Initiatives Center for Molecular Biology of Translation, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heedo Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Yoon
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Woo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungho Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Bong Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.,School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ki Kim
- Creative Research Initiatives Center for Molecular Biology of Translation, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Lee JB, Woo HK. Quality Evaluation of Mobile Applications for Fine dust Management. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Recently, the use of fine dust management mobile applications has been on the rise in South Korea. The aim of this study is to describe the current status of fine dust and air pollution mhealth apps used in Korea and to make qualitative assessments of them.
Methods
App search contents analysis 400 apps were searched using PM2.5, PM10 and yellow dust, the main keywords related to fine dust, referring to the preceding reference from December 30, 2019 to January 2, 2020. Among the apps searched, apps that meet all six criteria, such as those with 1) user score ≥4.0, 2) n of review Top 50, 3) those that do not duplicated, 4) apps that are related to the topic, 5) apps set in Korean, and 6) apps that do not have errors, were selected for the study. App assessment The app evaluation of the study utilizes the MARS scale, an app assessment tool developed overseas. The assessment was conducted for a week from January 3, 2020 to January 10, 2020. Each of the apps averaged scores evaluated over a week for each category and averaged over five categories for an overall quality score.
Results
The standard deviation of the information and functionality of the 30 apps was similar, with 3.62 (SD 0.38) and 3.58 (SD 0.43), respectively. On the other hand, engagement was the lowest with an average of 3.1 (SD 0.44). The average of aesthetics was 3.4 (SD 0.64), indicating that deviations between apps were very large
Conclusions
It is deemed necessary to improve the user interface (UI) and configuration of the app to enhance the application's engagement and aesthetics in order to increase the use of fine dust apps by consumers and gain effect.
Key messages
This research provided information that consumers can reasonably use and select mobile health apps by evaluating and reviewing the contents of fine dust and air pollution mobile health apps. this study is important in that it can serve as a reference for app developers to consider in future app development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Lee
- Health Administration, Kong Ju National University, Gong Ju, South Korea
| | - H K Woo
- Health Administration, Kong Ju National University, Gong Ju, South Korea
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14
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Ryanggeun L, Liu J, Britton BM, Yang K, Lee JB, Fishel R. BIUXX. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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15
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Kim D, Rashid F, Cho Y, Zaher MS, Cho IIH, Hamdan SM, Jeong C, Lee JB. DNA skybridge: 3D structure producing a light sheet for high-throughput single-molecule imaging. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:e107. [PMID: 31340015 PMCID: PMC6765118 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time visualization of single-proteins or -complexes on nucleic acid substrates is an essential tool for characterizing nucleic acid binding proteins. Here, we present a novel surface-condition independent and high-throughput single-molecule optical imaging platform called ‘DNA skybridge’. The DNA skybridge is constructed in a 3D structure with 4 μm-high thin quartz barriers in a quartz slide. Each DNA end is attached to the top of the adjacent barrier, resulting in the extension and immobilization of DNA. In this 3D structure, the bottom surface is out-of-focus when the target molecules on the DNA are imaged. Moreover, the DNA skybridge itself creates a thin Gaussian light sheet beam parallel to the immobilized DNA. This dual property allows for imaging a single probe-tagged molecule moving on DNA while effectively suppressing interference with the surface and background signals from the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehyung Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Fahad Rashid
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yeonmo Cho
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Manal S Zaher
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - I I Hwan Cho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17058, Korea
| | - Samir M Hamdan
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Cherlhyun Jeong
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Bong Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea.,School of Interdisciplinary of Bioscience & Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
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16
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Liu J, Lee R, Britton BM, London JA, Yang K, Hanne J, Lee JB, Fishel R. MutL sliding clamps coordinate exonuclease-independent Escherichia coli mismatch repair. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5294. [PMID: 31757945 PMCID: PMC6876574 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A shared paradigm of mismatch repair (MMR) across biology depicts extensive exonuclease-driven strand-specific excision that begins at a distant single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) break and proceeds back past the mismatched nucleotides. Historical reconstitution studies concluded that Escherichia coli (Ec) MMR employed EcMutS, EcMutL, EcMutH, EcUvrD, EcSSB and one of four ssDNA exonucleases to accomplish excision. Recent single-molecule images demonstrated that EcMutS and EcMutL formed cascading sliding clamps on a mismatched DNA that together assisted EcMutH in introducing ssDNA breaks at distant newly replicated GATC sites. Here we visualize the complete strand-specific excision process and find that long-lived EcMutL sliding clamps capture EcUvrD helicase near the ssDNA break, significantly increasing its unwinding processivity. EcSSB modulates the EcMutL–EcUvrD unwinding dynamics, which is rarely accompanied by extensive ssDNA exonuclease digestion. Together these observations are consistent with an exonuclease-independent MMR strand excision mechanism that relies on EcMutL–EcUvrD helicase-driven displacement of ssDNA segments between adjacent EcMutH–GATC incisions. The mechanics of MMR strand specific excision that begins at a distant ssDNA break are not yet clear. Here the authors have used multiple single molecule imaging techniques to visualize the behavior of MMR components on mismatched DNA substrates and reveal an exonuclease-independent mechanism for E.coli MMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaquan Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ryanggeun Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Brooke M Britton
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - James A London
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Keunsang Yang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Jeungphill Hanne
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jong-Bong Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea. .,School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea.
| | - Richard Fishel
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Single-molecule techniques have been used successfully to visualize real-time enzymatic activities, revealing transient complex properties and heterogeneity of various biological events. Especially, conventional force spectroscopy including optical tweezers and magnetic tweezers has been widely used to monitor change in DNA length by enzymes with high spatiotemporal resolutions of ~ nanometers and ~ milliseconds. However, DNA metabolism results from coordination of a number of components during the processes, requiring efficient monitoring of a complex of proteins catalyzing DNA substrates. In this min-review, we will introduce a simple and multiplexed single-molecule assay to detect DNA substrates catalyzed by enzymes with high-throughput data collection. We conclude with a perspective of possible directions that enhance capability of the assay to reveal complex biological events with higher resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryanggeun Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Keunsang Yang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Jong-Bong Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
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18
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Hanne J, Britton BM, Park J, Liu J, Martin-Lopez J, Jones N, Schoffner M, Klajner P, Bundschuh R, Lee JB, Fishel R. Muts Homolog Sliding Clamps Shield the DNA from Binding Proteins. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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19
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Liu J, Lee RG, Britton B, London J, Hanne J, Lee JB, Fishel R. DNA Mismatch Repair Relies Entirely on Stochastic Transactions. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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20
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Kim D, Fishel R, Lee JB. Coordinating Multi-Protein Mismatch Repair by Managing Diffusion Mechanics on the DNA. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:4469-4480. [PMID: 29792877 PMCID: PMC6388638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) corrects DNA base-pairing errors that occur during DNA replication. MMR catalyzes strand-specific DNA degradation and resynthesis by dynamic molecular coordination of sequential downstream pathways. The temporal and mechanistic order of molecular events is essential to insure interactions in MMR that occur over long distances on the DNA. Biophysical real-time studies of highly conserved components on mismatched DNA have shed light on the mechanics of MMR. Single-molecule imaging has visualized stochastically coordinated MMR interactions that are based on thermal fluctuation-driven motions. In this review, we describe the role of diffusivity and stochasticity in MMR beginning with mismatch recognition through strand-specific excision. We conclude with a perspective of the possible research directions that should solve the remaining questions in MMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehyung Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Richard Fishel
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Jong-Bong Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea; Interdisciplinary Bioscience & Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea.
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21
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Hanne J, Britton BM, Park J, Liu J, Martín-López J, Jones N, Schoffner M, Klajner P, Bundschuh R, Lee JB, Fishel R. MutS homolog sliding clamps shield the DNA from binding proteins. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14285-14294. [PMID: 30072380 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sliding clamps on DNA consist of evolutionarily conserved enzymes that coordinate DNA replication, repair, and the cellular DNA damage response. MutS homolog (MSH) proteins initiate mismatch repair (MMR) by recognizing mispaired nucleotides and in the presence of ATP form stable sliding clamps that randomly diffuse along the DNA. The MSH sliding clamps subsequently load MutL homolog (MLH/PMS) proteins that form a second extremely stable sliding clamp, which together coordinate downstream MMR components with the excision-initiation site that may be hundreds to thousands of nucleotides distant from the mismatch. Specific or nonspecific binding of other proteins to the DNA between the mismatch and the distant excision-initiation site could conceivably obstruct the free diffusion of these MMR sliding clamps, inhibiting their ability to initiate repair. Here, we employed bulk biochemical analysis, single-molecule fluorescence imaging, and mathematical modeling to determine how sliding clamps might overcome such hindrances along the DNA. Using both bacterial and human MSH proteins, we found that increasing the number of MSH sliding clamps on a DNA decreased the association of the Escherichia coli transcriptional repressor LacI to its cognate promoter LacO. Our results suggest a simple mechanism whereby thermal diffusion of MSH sliding clamps along the DNA alters the association kinetics of other DNA-binding proteins over extended distances. These observations appear generally applicable to any stable sliding clamp that forms on DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeungphill Hanne
- From the Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Brooke M Britton
- From the Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Jonghyun Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784 Korea
| | - Jiaquan Liu
- From the Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Juana Martín-López
- From the Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Nathan Jones
- From the Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210.,Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Matthew Schoffner
- From the Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Piotr Klajner
- From the Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Ralf Bundschuh
- Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, .,Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and
| | - Jong-Bong Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784 Korea, .,School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784 Korea
| | - Richard Fishel
- From the Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, .,Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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22
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Achita P, Dervovic D, Ly D, Lee JB, Haug T, Joe B, Hirano N, Zhang L. Infusion of ex-vivo expanded human TCR-αβ + double-negative regulatory T cells delays onset of xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 193:386-399. [PMID: 30066399 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the demonstration of potent immunosuppressive function of T cell receptor (TCR)-αβ+ double-negative regulatory T cells (DN Tregs ), scarce numbers and lack of effective expansion method limit their clinical applications. Here we describe an approach that allows for ∼3500-fold ex-vivo expansion of human DN Tregs within 3 weeks with > 97% purity. Ex-vivo-expanded DN Tregs suppress proliferation of polyclonally stimulated autologous T and B cells in vitro through direct cell-to-cell contact. In vivo, we demonstrate for the first time that infusion of human DN Tregs delayed an onset of xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) significantly in a humanized mouse model. Furthermore, preincubation of ex-vivo-expanded DN Tregs with a mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin enhanced their immune regulatory function further. Taken together, this study demonstrates that human DN Tregs can be expanded ex vivo to therapeutic numbers. The expanded DN Tregs can suppress proliferation of T and B cells and attenuate GVHD, highlighting the potential clinical use of DN Tregs to mitigate GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Achita
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Dervovic
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Ly
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J B Lee
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - T Haug
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - B Joe
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - N Hirano
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Zhang
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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23
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Kim SK, You HR, Kim SH, Yun SJ, Lee SC, Lee JB. Skin photorejuvenation effects of light-emitting diodes (LEDs): a comparative study of yellow and red LEDs in vitro and in vivo. Clin Exp Dermatol 2018; 41:798-805. [PMID: 27663159 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red-coloured light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can improve skin photorejuvenation and regeneration by increasing cellular metabolic activity. AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of visible LEDs with specific wavelengths for skin photorejuvenation in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) from neonatal foreskin were cultured and irradiated in vitro by LEDs at different wavelengths (410-850 nm) and doses (0-10 J/cm(2) ). In vivo experiments were performed on the skin of hairless mice. Expression of collagen (COL) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was evaluated by semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR (semi-qRT-PCR), western blotting and a procollagen type I C-peptide enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Haematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome stains were performed to evaluate histological changes. RESULTS In HDFs, COL I was upregulated and MMP-1 was downregulated in response to LED irradiation at 595 ± 2 and 630 ± 8 nm. In the EIA, a peak result was achieved at a dose of 5 J/cm(2) with LED at 595 ± 2 nm. In vivo, COL I synthesis was upregulated in a dose-dependent manner to both 595 and 630 nm LED irradiation, and this effect was prolonged to 21 days after a single irradiation with a dose of 100 J/cm(2) . These histological changes were consistent with the results of semi-qRT-PCR and western blots. CONCLUSION Specific LED treatment with 595 ± 2 and 630 ± 8 nm irradiation was able to modulate COL and MMPs in skin, with the effects persisting for at least 21 days after irradiation. These findings suggest that yellow and red LEDs might be useful tools for skin photorejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Kim
- Namak Oracle Dermatology Clinic, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Korea
| | - H R You
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S J Yun
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S C Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - J B Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
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24
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Hwang YJ, Kim N, Lee HS, Lee JB, Choi YJ, Yoon H, Shin CM, Park YS, Lee DH. Reversibility of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia after Helicobacter pylori eradication - a prospective study for up to 10 years. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 47:380-390. [PMID: 29193217 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia are premalignant conditions for gastric cancer. Their reversibility by Helicobacter pylori eradication remains controversial. AIM To evaluate the reversibility of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia by H. pylori eradication with long-term follow-up. METHODS 598 subjects were prospectively enrolled and followed for up to 10 years. They were categorised as H. pylori-negative (n = 65), H. pylori non-eradicated (n = 91), and H. pylori-eradicated (n = 442). Histological assessment was performed for antrum and corpus by Sydney classification. RESULTS Histological follow-up was performed regularly at 1, 2, 3-4 and ≥5 years, with mean follow-up of 1.07 ± 0.21, 2.29 ± 0.83, 3.93 ± 1.02, and 6.45 ± 1.28 years, respectively. Atrophic gastritis in antrum and corpus gradually and significantly (both P < .05 for all timepoints) improved only in the H. pylori-eradicated group compared to that at baseline. Significant difference in atrophic gastritis between H. pylori-eradicated and H. pylori-negative groups disappeared from 1-year follow-up. Similarly, intestinal metaplasia in antrum and corpus improved significantly (both P < .05 for all timepoints) only in the H. pylori-eradicated group in comparison with that at baseline. Significant difference in intestinal metaplasia between H. pylori-eradicated and H. pylori-negative groups disappeared from ≥5 years of follow-up in the antrum and from 3 years of follow-up in the corpus. CONCLUSION H. pylori eradication may be a preventative strategy for intestinal-type gastric cancer by regression of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-J Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam, South Korea
| | - N Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Liver Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H S Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam, South Korea
| | - J B Lee
- Division of Statistics in Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam, South Korea
| | - Y J Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam, South Korea
| | - H Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam, South Korea
| | - C M Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam, South Korea
| | - Y S Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam, South Korea
| | - D H Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Liver Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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25
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Chang M, Oh J, Kim Y, Hohng S, Lee JB. Extended depth of field for single biomolecule optical imaging-force spectroscopy. Opt Express 2017; 25:32189-32197. [PMID: 29245882 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.032189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Real-time optical imaging combined with single-molecule manipulation broadens the horizons for acquiring information about the spatiotemporal localization and the mechanical details of target molecules. To obtain an optical signal outside the focal plane without unintended interruption of the force signal in single-molecule optical imaging-force spectroscopy, we developed an optical method to extend the depth of field in a high numerical aperture objective (≥ 1.2), required to visualize a single fluorophore. By axial scanning, using an electrically tunable lens with a fixed sample, we were successfully able to visualize the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) moving along the three-dimensionally elongated filamentous actin bundles connecting cells (intercellular nanotube), while another EGFR on the intercellular nanotube was trapped by optical tweezers in living cells. Our approach is simple, fast and inexpensive, but it is powerful for imaging target molecules axially in single-molecule optical imaging-force spectroscopy.
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26
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Park J, Jergic S, Jeon Y, Cho WK, Lee R, Dixon NE, Lee JB. Dynamics of Proofreading by the E. coli Pol III Replicase. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 25:57-66.e4. [PMID: 29104063 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The αɛθ core of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III (Pol III) associates with the β2 sliding clamp to processively synthesize DNA and remove misincorporated nucleotides. The α subunit is the polymerase while ɛ is the 3' to 5' proofreading exonuclease. In contrast to the polymerase activity of Pol III, dynamic features of proofreading are poorly understood. We used single-molecule assays to determine the excision rate and processivity of the β2-associated Pol III core, and observed that both properties are enhanced by mutational strengthening of the interaction between ɛ and β2. Thus, the ɛ-β2 contact is maintained in both the synthesis and proofreading modes. Remarkably, single-molecule real-time fluorescence imaging revealed the dynamics of transfer of primer-template DNA between the polymerase and proofreading sites, showing that it does not involve breaking of the physical interaction between ɛ and β2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghyun Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Slobodan Jergic
- Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong & Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Yongmoon Jeon
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Won-Ki Cho
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Ryanggeun Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Nicholas E Dixon
- Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong & Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Jong-Bong Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea; School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea.
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27
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Yang S, Park J, Lee H, Lee JB, Lee BU, Oh BH. Error rate of automated calculation for wound surface area using a digital photography. Skin Res Technol 2017; 24:117-122. [PMID: 28718523 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although measuring would size using digital photography is a quick and simple method to evaluate the skin wound, the possible compatibility of it has not been fully validated. PURPOSE To investigate the error rate of our newly developed wound surface area calculation using digital photography. METHODS Using a smartphone and a digital single lens reflex (DSLR) camera, four photographs of various sized wounds (diameter: 0.5-3.5 cm) were taken from the facial skin model in company with color patches. The quantitative values of wound areas were automatically calculated. The relative error (RE) of this method with regard to wound sizes and types of camera was analyzed. RESULTS RE of individual calculated area was from 0.0329% (DSLR, diameter 1.0 cm) to 23.7166% (smartphone, diameter 2.0 cm). In spite of the correction of lens curvature, smartphone has significantly higher error rate than DSLR camera (3.9431±2.9772 vs 8.1303±4.8236). However, in cases of wound diameter below than 3 cm, REs of average values of four photographs were below than 5%. In addition, there was no difference in the average value of wound area taken by smartphone and DSLR camera in those cases. CONCLUSION For the follow-up of small skin defect (diameter: <3 cm), our newly developed automated wound area calculation method is able to be applied to the plenty of photographs, and the average values of them are a relatively useful index of wound healing with acceptable error rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yang
- Medical Physics Division, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA
| | - J Park
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Lee
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J B Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - B U Lee
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B H Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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28
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Pensabene V, Crowder SW, Balikov DA, Lee JB, Sung HJ. Optimization of electrospun fibrous membranes for in vitro modeling of blood-brain barrier. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2017; 2016:125-128. [PMID: 28268295 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7590656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a critical role in brain homeostasis at the cellular and global level. Mimicking the selective permeability and transport properties of the BBB to specific molecules and cells remains a significant challenge towards the development of a physiologically relevant in vitro BBB model. In this study, we developed electrospun poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) copolymer membranes that supported different cellular components of the neurovascular unit including human-derived endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes. Comparative analyses of thickness, morphology, biocompatibility and permeability of membranes were also conducted. We found that collagen coated 4%PEG-96%PCL membranes supported the growth of a confluent and tight endothelium confirmed by transendothelial electrical resistance measurements (TEER). Based on fabrication process and reported results, we finally discuss the adoption of these electrospun fiber membranes for in vitro and on-a-chip human BBB models.
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29
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Jung S, Park J, Bang J, Kim JY, Kim C, Jeon Y, Lee SH, Jin H, Choi S, Kim B, Lee WJ, Pack CG, Lee JB, Lee NK, Kim S. Light-Induced Fluorescence Modulation of Quantum Dot-Crystal Violet Conjugates: Stochastic Off-On-Off Cycles for Multicolor Patterning and Super-Resolution. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7603-7615. [PMID: 28493679 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photoswitching or modulation of quantum dots (QDs) can be promising for many fields that include display, memory, and super-resolution imaging. However, such modulations have mostly relied on photomodulations of conjugated molecules in QD vicinity, which typically require high power of high energy photons at UV. We report a visible light-induced facile modulation route for QD-dye conjugates. QD crystal violets conjugates (QD-CVs) were prepared and the crystal violet (CV) molecules on QD quenched the fluorescence efficiently. The fluorescence of QD-CVs showed a single cycle of emission burst as they go through three stages of (i) initially quenched "off" to (ii) photoactivated "on" as the result of chemical change of CVs induced by photoelectrons from QD and (iii) back to photodarkened "off" by radical-associated reactions. Multicolor on-demand photopatterning was demonstrated using QD-CV solid films. QD-CVs were introduced into cells, and excitation with visible light yielded photomodulation from "off" to "on" and "off" by nearly ten fold. Individual photoluminescence dynamics of QD-CVs was investigated using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and single QD emission analysis, which revealed temporally stochastic photoactivations and photodarkenings. Exploiting the stochastic fluorescence burst of QD-CVs, simultaneous multicolor super-resolution localizations were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiwon Bang
- Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology , 101 Soho-ro, Jinju-si, Gyeongnam 52851, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chan-Gi Pack
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine & Asan Institute for Life Sciences , Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | | | - Nam Ki Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, South Korea
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30
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Hong KY, Lee SH, Gu S, Kim E, An S, Kwon J, Lee JB, Jang SK. The bent conformation of poly(A)-binding protein induced by RNA-binding is required for its translational activation function. RNA Biol 2017; 14:370-377. [PMID: 28095120 PMCID: PMC5367257 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1280224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent study revealed that poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) bound to poly(A) RNA exhibits a sharply bent configuration at the linker region between RNA-recognition motif 2 (RRM2) and RRM3, whereas free PABP exhibits a highly flexible linear configuration. However, the physiological role of the bent structure of mRNA-bound PABP remains unknown. We investigated a role of the bent structure of PABP by constructing a PABP variant that fails to form the poly(A)-dependent bent structure but maintains its poly(A)-binding activity. We found that the bent structure of PABP/poly(A) complex is required for PABP's efficient interaction with eIF4G and eIF4G/eIF4E complex. Moreover, the mutant PABP had compromised translation activation function and failed to augment the formation of 80S translation initiation complex in an in vitro translation system. These results suggest that the bent conformation of PABP, which is induced by the interaction with 3′ poly(A) tail, mediates poly(A)-dependent translation by facilitating the interaction with eIF4G and the eIF4G/eIF4E complex. The preferential binding of the eIF4G/eIF4E complex to the bent PABP/poly(A) complex seems to be a mechanism discriminating the mRNA-bound PABPs participating in translation from the idling mRNA-unbound PABPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Young Hong
- a Department of Life Sciences , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, Gyeongbuk , South Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Lee
- b School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience & Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, Gyeongbuk , South Korea
| | - Sohyun Gu
- a Department of Life Sciences , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, Gyeongbuk , South Korea
| | - Eunah Kim
- a Department of Life Sciences , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, Gyeongbuk , South Korea
| | - Sihyeon An
- a Department of Life Sciences , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, Gyeongbuk , South Korea
| | - Junyoung Kwon
- a Department of Life Sciences , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, Gyeongbuk , South Korea
| | - Jong-Bong Lee
- b School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience & Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, Gyeongbuk , South Korea.,c Department of Physics , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, Gyeongbuk , South Korea
| | - Sung Key Jang
- a Department of Life Sciences , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, Gyeongbuk , South Korea.,b School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience & Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, Gyeongbuk , South Korea
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31
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Liu J, Hanne J, Britton BM, Bennett J, Kim D, Lee JB, Fishel R. Cascading MutS and MutL sliding clamps control DNA diffusion to activate mismatch repair. Nature 2016; 539:583-587. [PMID: 27851738 PMCID: PMC5845140 DOI: 10.1038/nature20562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mismatched nucleotides arise from polymerase misincorporation errors, recombination between heteroallelic parents and chemical or physical DNA damage. Highly conserved MutS (MSH) and MutL (MLH/PMS) homologues initiate mismatch repair and, in higher eukaryotes, act as DNA damage sensors that can trigger apoptosis. Defects in human mismatch repair genes cause Lynch syndrome or hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer and 10-40% of related sporadic tumours. However, the collaborative mechanics of MSH and MLH/PMS proteins have not been resolved in any organism. We visualized Escherichia coli (Ec) ensemble mismatch repair and confirmed that EcMutS mismatch recognition results in the formation of stable ATP-bound sliding clamps that randomly diffuse along the DNA with intermittent backbone contact. The EcMutS sliding clamps act as a platform to recruit EcMutL onto the mismatched DNA, forming an EcMutS-EcMutL search complex that then closely follows the DNA backbone. ATP binding by EcMutL establishes a second long-lived DNA clamp that oscillates between the principal EcMutS-EcMutL search complex and unrestricted EcMutS and EcMutL sliding clamps. The EcMutH endonuclease that targets mismatch repair excision only binds clamped EcMutL, increasing its DNA association kinetics by more than 1,000-fold. The assembly of an EcMutS-EcMutL-EcMutH search complex illustrates how sequential stable sliding clamps can modulate one-dimensional diffusion mechanics along the DNA to direct mismatch repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaquan Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Jeungphill Hanne
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Brooke M Britton
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Jared Bennett
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Daehyung Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Jong-Bong Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 790-784, Korea
| | - Richard Fishel
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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32
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Kim BC, Kim YE, Chang HJ, Lee SH, Youk EG, Lee DS, Lee JB, Lee EJ, Kim MJ, Sohn DK, Oh JH. Lymph node size is not a reliable criterion for predicting nodal metastasis in rectal neuroendocrine tumours. Colorectal Dis 2016; 18:O243-51. [PMID: 27166857 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The study was designed to assess the correlation between lymph node (LN) size and LN metastasis in patients with rectal neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). METHOD Forty patients who underwent curative resection with lymphadenectomy for a rectal NET between January 2007 and December 2012 were included. The short and long diameters of entire nodes were microscopically measured using a slide gauge. RESULTS In all, 1052 LNs were collected from the 40 patients, with 49 (4.7%) showing evidence of metastasis. Metastasis-positive LNs had significantly greater long and short diameters (P < 0.001) than metastasis-negative LNs. Of the 49 metastatic LNs, 29 (59.2%) were ≤ 5 mm in largest diameter. In five patients, the largest metastatic LN was only 2-3 mm in diameter. In clinically node-negative (cN0) patients, 18 (51.4%) patients had metastatic LNs (pN1). CONCLUSION The size of LNs containing metastasis varied widely, with some being very small. LN size alone is therefore not a sufficient predictor of tumour metastasis in rectal NETs. Radical surgery with lymphadenectomy should be considered for patients with rectal NETs with high risk factors for LN metastasis, even those without LN enlargement.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Kim
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Y E Kim
- Department of Pathology, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - H J Chang
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Department of Pathology, Daehang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - E G Youk
- Department of Surgery, Daehang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - D-S Lee
- Department of Surgery, Daehang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - J B Lee
- Department of Surgery, Daehang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - E-J Lee
- Department of Surgery, Daehang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - M J Kim
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - D K Sohn
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - J H Oh
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
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Jones ND, Lopez MA, Hanne J, Peake MB, Lee JB, Fishel R, Yoder KE. Retroviral intasomes search for a target DNA by 1D diffusion which rarely results in integration. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11409. [PMID: 27108531 PMCID: PMC4848512 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroviruses must integrate their linear viral cDNA into the host genome for a productive infection. Integration is catalysed by the retrovirus-encoded integrase (IN), which forms a tetramer or octamer complex with the viral cDNA long terminal repeat (LTR) ends termed an intasome. IN removes two 3'-nucleotides from both LTR ends and catalyses strand transfer of the recessed 3'-hydroxyls into the target DNA separated by 4-6 bp. Host DNA repair restores the resulting 5'-Flap and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) gap. Here we have used multiple single molecule imaging tools to determine that the prototype foamy virus (PFV) retroviral intasome searches for an integration site by one-dimensional (1D) rotation-coupled diffusion along DNA. Once a target site is identified, the time between PFV strand transfer events is 470 ms. The majority of PFV intasome search events were non-productive. These observations identify new dynamic IN functions and suggest that target site-selection limits retroviral integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Jones
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,The Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Miguel A Lopez
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Jeungphill Hanne
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Mitchell B Peake
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Jong-Bong Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea.,Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Richard Fishel
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,The Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Kristine E Yoder
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Chang M, Oh J, Lee R, Lee JB. Single-Molecule Approaches to Membrane Nanotubes. Biophys J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.3426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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35
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Jeon Y, Kim D, Martín-López J, Lee R, Oh J, Hanne J, Fishel R, Lee JB. Single-Molecule Studies on EXOI Excision during DNA Mismatch Repair. Biophys J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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36
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Liu J, Hanne J, Britton BM, Shoffner M, Albers AE, Bennett J, Zatezalo R, Barfield R, Rabuka D, Lee JB, Fishel R. An Efficient Site-Specific Method for Irreversible Covalent Labeling of Proteins with a Fluorophore. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16883. [PMID: 26582263 PMCID: PMC4652282 DOI: 10.1038/srep16883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorophore labeling of proteins while preserving native functions is essential for bulk Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) interaction and single molecule imaging analysis. Here we describe a versatile, efficient, specific, irreversible, gentle and low-cost method for labeling proteins with fluorophores that appears substantially more robust than a similar but chemically distinct procedure. The method employs the controlled enzymatic conversion of a central Cys to a reactive formylglycine (fGly) aldehyde within a six amino acid Formylglycine Generating Enzyme (FGE) recognition sequence in vitro. The fluorophore is then irreversibly linked to the fGly residue using a Hydrazinyl-Iso-Pictet-Spengler (HIPS) ligation reaction. We demonstrate the robust large-scale fluorophore labeling and purification of E.coli (Ec) mismatch repair (MMR) components. Fluorophore labeling did not alter the native functions of these MMR proteins in vitro or in singulo. Because the FGE recognition sequence is easily portable, FGE-HIPS fluorophore-labeling may be easily extended to other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaquan Liu
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jeungphill Hanne
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Brooke M Britton
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Matthew Shoffner
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | | | - Jared Bennett
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Rachel Zatezalo
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | | | | | - Jong-Bong Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea.,School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea
| | - Richard Fishel
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210.,Physics Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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Kim DH, Zhou K, Kim DK, Park S, Noh J, Kwon Y, Kim D, Song NW, Lee JB, Suh PG, Lee NK, Ryu SH. Analysis of Interactions between the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Soluble Ligands on the Basis of Single-Molecule Diffusivity in the Membrane of Living Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kim YJ, Cho HH, Kim SO, Lee JB, Lee SC. Reconstruction algorithm for nasal basal cell carcinoma with skin involvement only: analysis of 221 cases repaired by minor surgery. Clin Exp Dermatol 2015; 40:728-34. [PMID: 25959078 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) often occurs on the nose. Reconstruction of the nose should yield excellent aesthetic and functional outcomes. AIM We propose a technical algorithm for the reconstruction of surgical defects, based on our analysis of 221 cases of nasal BCC with skin involvement only, which could be repaired by minor surgery. METHODS The aesthetic and functional outcomes for various reconstruction techniques were analysed according to defect location and size. A reconstruction algorithm was proposed with the aim of obtaining the best surgical results. RESULTS Defect location and size were key considerations. Primary closure was the first option for small defects (< 10 mm), with scores of 3.4 for objective aesthetic outcome (OAO), 3.2 for subjective aesthetic outcome (SAO) and 3.3 for subjective functional outcome (SFO). The first option for medium defects (1-20 mm) was the island pedicle flap, with scores of 3.5 for OAO, 3.2 for SAO and 3.7 for SFO. The first option for large defects (> 20 mm) was the transposition flap for the upper nose (scores of 2.0 for OAO and SAO and 3.0 for SFO) and the interpolation flap for the lower nose (2.8 for OAO and 2.9 for SAO and SFO). CONCLUSIONS We have proposed an algorithm to select the optimal technique for repairing nasal BCC surgical defects according to their size and location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - H H Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S O Kim
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - J B Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S C Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Kim DH, Zhou K, Kim DK, Park S, Noh J, Kwon Y, Kim D, Song NW, Lee JB, Suh PG, Lee NK, Ryu SH. Analysis of Interactions between the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Soluble Ligands on the Basis of Single-Molecule Diffusivity in the Membrane of Living Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7028-32. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Düsing R, Attallah A, Braselton WE, Lee JB. Antihypertensive effect of volume depletion: interrelation with renal prostaglandins. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 12:41-53. [PMID: 699606 DOI: 10.1159/000401653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since the original studies of Patak et al. in 1975 revealed that the antihypertensive and natriuretic effects of furosemide were markedly blunted or abrogated by indomethacin in both normotensive and hypertensive man, it has been postulated that the ameliorative effects of furosemide in human essential hypertension might be mediated by release of intrarenal prostaglandins. To study the direct effects of furosemide on prostaglandin biosynthesis and release, slices of rabbit renal medulla were incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer, glucose 10 mM, 1-14C-arachidonic acid (AA) 10 microM, HSA /g/100 ml, 30 min 37 degrees C. Measurements were made of radioactive AA leads to PGE2, and total endogenous immunoreactive PGE2 production (iPGE2) with and without the addition of furosemide (10 microgram/ml) to the media. In the absence of furosemide AA leads to PGE2 was 73 +/- 22 nmol/30 min/g and in the presence of furosemide it fell to 30 +/- 4 nmol/30min/g. iPGE2 was 33 +/- / ng/30 min/mg and decreased to 25 +/- 3 mg with furosemide. These results indicate that the natriuresis and antihypertensive effect of furosemide in vivo, which is associated with a significant increase in urinary PGE2, is not the result of a direct stimulation of furosemide on prostaglandin synthesis but may result from a decrease in PGE metabolism, conversion to another biologically active prostaglandin or possibly be a reflection of events secondary to a direct effect of furosemide on renal hemodynamics and electrolyte excretion.
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Jang SH, Yun SJ, Lee SC, Lee JB. Lichen planus pemphigoides associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Clin Exp Dermatol 2014; 40:868-71. [PMID: 25546603 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lichen planus pemphigoides (LPP) is a rare autoimmune dermatosis with the features of both lichen planus (LP) and bullous pemphigoid (BP). Although in rare cases, LPP has been associated with several medications and conditions, it is generally considered an idiopathic disorder, and its pathogenesis remains uncertain. We report a 56-year-old woman who presented with a 2-year history of flat-topped, polygonal, violaceous-colored papules and some bullae. She was diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which had been treated intermittently with entecavir. Histopathological examination showed the typical features of LP with subepidermal blisters, and with linear deposits of IgG along the basement membrane zone on direct immunofluorescence. Immunoblotting revealed antibodies directed at the BP180 and BP230 antigens. We diagnosed the patient with LPP, and treated the condition with systemic steroids and dapsone. To our knowledge, this is the first report of LPP in a patient with chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jang
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S J Yun
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S C Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - J B Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Park P, Kim WY, Lee JB, Choi SB, Kim WB, Choi SY. Incidental renal cell carcinoma originating from a native kidney after en-bloc resection for adrenal carcinoma in a kidney transplant recipient. Transplant Proc 2014; 46:637-9. [PMID: 24656033 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal transplantation is the best treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. Although there is significantly increased risk of malignancy after renal transplantation, carcinoma of the native kidney is very rare, and moreover, the risk of endocrinologic malignancy after renal transplantation is lower than in the general population and adrenal cortical carcinoma extremely rare. We report a case of incidental renal cell carcinoma originating from a native kidney after en-bloc resection for adrenal carcinoma in a kidney transplant recipient. CASE REPORT A 57 year-old male patient had undergone living-donor kidney transplantation for chronic renal failure from hypertension 15 years earlier and had a right adrenal tumor diagnosed on surveillance abdomen-pelvis computerized tomography. Based on 24-hour catecholamine laboratory findings, nonfunctioning tumor was suspected. The planned en-bloc resection of right adrenal gland and right native kidney combining the perirenal tissue and Gerota fascia was performed, because the tumor was suspicious for malignancy and could possibly invade the perirenal tissue or right kidney. On the final pathology, combined adrenal cortical carcinoma and incidental renal cell carcinoma was confirmed. Renal cell carcinoma was papillary, type I, and stage T1N0M0. Adrenal cortical carcinoma was 7.6 × 6.5 cm in size, had marked nuclear atypia, and was grade IV/IV. Mitotic counts were >10 per high-power field, but it had no capsular invasion or vascular invasion, and free resection margin was confirmed. In the preoperative period, he had taken immunosuppressants FK506 and mycophenolate sodium, but after combined carcinomas were confirmed, the regimen of combination of immunosuppressants was changed to sirolimus with low-dose FK506 and half-dose mycophenolate sodium.
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Lee JB, Bang HJ, Jeong HG. Mechanical properties and microstructure of AZ31 Mg alloy containing Ca element fabricated by various rolling speeds. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014; 14:7929-7932. [PMID: 25942896 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2014.9439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
It was reported that the yield strength (YS) of a rolled Mg-3 wt%, Al-1 wt%, Zn-0.3 wt%, Ca alloy reached 340 MPa. The YS value of a rolled Mg-Al-Zn alloy decreases with increasing the rolling speed but that of a rolled Mg-Al-Zn-Ca alloy remains unchanged until the rolling speed of 5 m/min. Static recrystallization behavior in Mg-Al-Zn alloy occurred as a function of rolling speeds; on the other hand, it did not happen in Mg-Al-Zn-Ca alloy. A number of fine precipitates were observed in the grain of the latter alloy, suggesting that they restrain the dislocations from moving during rolling processes and keep the high strength. From the result of boss-forming test, the Mg-Al-Zn-Ca alloy shows more boss-formability than Mg-Al-Zn alloy.
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Kang EJ, Jung H, Woo OH, Park KH, Woo SU, Yang DS, Kim AR, Lee JB, Kim YH, Kim JS, Seo JH. Association of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 expression and biologically aggressive features in breast cancer. Neoplasma 2014; 61:352-62. [PMID: 24824938 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2014_045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) has been regarded as a breast cancer stem cell marker. Several studies have reported that ALDH1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. We aimed, therefore, to determine the prognostic value of ALDH1 expression and its association with several biomarkers in breast cancer tissue using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we investigated the characteristics of and differences between cellular and stromal expression of ALDH1. We performed tissue microarray (TMA) analysis of 425 breast cancer tissue samples collected during surgery. Immunohistochemical staining was then performed to measure the expression of ALDH1 and other breast cancer biomarkers. Statistical analysis of the relationship between ALDH1 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics was performed for 390 TMA samples. We found that ALDH1 was expressed in 71 cases (18.2%) in the tumor cells and/or stroma. Of these cases, 38 (9.7%) showed ALDH1 expression in tumor cells and 38 (9.7%) showed ALDH1 expression in the stroma. ALDH1 expression was significantly associated with markers of a poor prognosis, such as young age, estrogen receptor negativity, progesterone receptor negativity, a high histological grade, and a high Ki-67 index. However, ALDH1 expression was not associated with p53, transforming growth factor-beta, Gli-1, YKL-40, or sonic hedgehog expression status. With regard to the expression site, the clinical characteristics did not differ between cases of cellular expression and those of stromal expression. However, ALDH1 expression in tumor cells was correlated with hormone receptor status, histological grade, molecular subtype, epidermal growth factor receptor expression status, and cytokeratin 5/6 expression status while stromal expression of ALDH1 was only correlated with hormone receptor status. Overall, these findings suggest that ALDH1 expression in tumor tissue is associated with a biologically aggressive phenotype. KEYWORDS ALDH1, biologically aggressive, breast cancer.
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Lee JB, Cho WK, Park J, Jeon Y, Kim D, Lee SH, Fishel R. Single-molecule views of MutS on mismatched DNA. DNA Repair (Amst) 2014; 20:82-93. [PMID: 24629484 PMCID: PMC4245035 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Base-pair mismatches that occur during DNA replication or recombination can reduce genetic stability or conversely increase genetic diversity. The genetics and biophysical mechanism of mismatch repair (MMR) has been extensively studied since its discovery nearly 50 years ago. MMR is a strand-specific excision-resynthesis reaction that is initiated by MutS homolog (MSH) binding to the mismatched nucleotides. The MSH mismatch-binding signal is then transmitted to the immediate downstream MutL homolog (MLH/PMS) MMR components and ultimately to a distant strand scission site where excision begins. The mechanism of signal transmission has been controversial for decades. We have utilized single molecule Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET), Fluorescence Tracking (smFT) and Polarization Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (smP-TIRF) to examine the interactions and dynamic behaviors of single Thermus aquaticus MutS (TaqMutS) particles on mismatched DNA. We determined that TaqMutS forms an incipient clamp to search for a mismatch in ~1 s intervals by 1-dimensional (1D) thermal fluctuation-driven rotational diffusion while in continuous contact with the helical duplex DNA. When MutS encounters a mismatch it lingers for ~3 s to exchange bound ADP for ATP (ADP→ATP exchange). ATP binding by TaqMutS induces an extremely stable clamp conformation (~10 min) that slides off the mismatch and moves along the adjacent duplex DNA driven simply by 1D thermal diffusion. The ATP-bound sliding clamps rotate freely while in discontinuous contact with the DNA. The visualization of a train of MSH proteins suggests that dissociation of ATP-bound sliding clamps from the mismatch permits multiple mismatch-dependent loading events. These direct observations have provided critical clues into understanding the molecular mechanism of MSH proteins during MMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Bong Lee
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea; School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience & Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Ki Cho
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyun Park
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmoon Jeon
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehyung Kim
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Lee
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience & Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Richard Fishel
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Physics Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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Jin S, Lee JB, Kang K, Yoo CK, Kim BM, Park HB, Lim HT, Cho IC, Maharani D, Lee JH. The Possibility of TBC1D21 as a Candidate Gene for Teat Numbers in Pigs. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 26:1374-8. [PMID: 25049720 PMCID: PMC4093071 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Based on a quantitative traits locus (QTL) study using a F2 intercross between Landrace and Korean native pigs, a significant QTL affecting teat numbers in SSC7 was identified. The strong positional candidate gene, TBC1D21, was selected due to its biological function for epithelial mesenchymal cell development. Sequence analysis revealed six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TBC1D21 gene. Among these, two SNP markers, one silent mutation (SNP01) for g.13,050A>G and one missense mutation (SNP04) for c.829A>T (S277C), were genotyped and they showed significant associations with teat number traits (p value = 6.38E-05 for SNP01 and p value = 1.06E-07 for SNP04 with total teat numbers). Further functional validation of these SNPs could give valuable information for understanding the teat number variation in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jin
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Deajeon 305-764, Korea
| | - J B Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Deajeon 305-764, Korea
| | - K Kang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Deajeon 305-764, Korea
| | - C K Yoo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Deajeon 305-764, Korea
| | - B M Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Deajeon 305-764, Korea
| | - H B Park
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Deajeon 305-764, Korea
| | - H T Lim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Deajeon 305-764, Korea
| | - I C Cho
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Deajeon 305-764, Korea
| | - D Maharani
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Deajeon 305-764, Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Deajeon 305-764, Korea
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Abstract
Sliding DNA clamps are loaded at a ss/dsDNA junction by a clamp loader that depends on ATP binding for clamp opening. Sequential ATP hydrolysis results in closure of the clamp so that it completely encircles and diffuses on dsDNA. We followed events during loading of an E. coli β clamp in real time by using single-molecule FRET (smFRET). Three successive FRET states were retained for 0.3 s, 0.7 s, and 9 min: Hydrolysis of the first ATP molecule by the γ clamp loader resulted in closure of the clamp in 0.3 s, and after 0.7 s in the closed conformation, the clamp was released to diffuse on the dsDNA for at least 9 min. An additional single-molecule polarization study revealed that the interfacial domain of the clamp rotated in plane by approximately 8° during clamp closure. The single-molecule polarization and FRET studies thus revealed the real-time dynamics of the ATP-hydrolysis-dependent 3D conformational change of the β clamp during loading at a ss/dsDNA junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ki Cho
- Department of Physics, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang (Korea)
| | - Slobodan Jergic
- Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, School of Chemistry, University of WollongongWollongong, N.S.W. 2522 (Australia)
| | - Daehyung Kim
- Department of Physics, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang (Korea)
| | - Nicholas E Dixon
- Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, School of Chemistry, University of WollongongWollongong, N.S.W. 2522 (Australia)
| | - Jong-Bong Lee
- Department of Physics, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang (Korea)
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Cho WK, Jergic S, Kim D, Dixon NE, Lee JB. Loading Dynamics of a Sliding DNA Clamp. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jung EJ, Park HB, Lee JB, Yoo CK, Kim BM, Kim HI, Cho IC, Lim HT. Genome-wide association study identifies quantitative trait loci affecting hematological traits in an F2 intercross between Landrace and Korean native pigs. Anim Genet 2014; 45:534-41. [PMID: 24797309 DOI: 10.1111/age.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Changes affecting the status of health and robustness can bring about physiological alterations including hematological parameters in swine. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with eight hematological traits (one leukocyte trait, six erythrocyte traits and one platelet trait), we conducted a genome-wide association study using the PorcineSNP60K BeadChip in a resource population derived from an intercross between Landrace and Korean native pigs. A total of 36 740 SNPs from 816 F2 progeny were analyzed for each blood-related trait after filtering for quality control. Data were analyzed by the genome-wide rapid association using mixed model and regression (GRAMMAR) approach. A total of 257 significant SNPs (P < 1.36 × 10(-6) ) on SSC3, 6, 8, 13 and 17 were identified for blood-related traits in this study. Interestingly, the genomic region between 17.9 and 130 Mb on SSC8 was found to be significantly associated with red blood cell, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Our results include the identification of five significant SNPs within five candidate genes (KIT, IL15, TXK, ARAP2 and ERG) for hematopoiesis. Further validation of these identified SNPs could give valuable information for understanding the variation of hematological traits in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Jung
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
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Chang M, Kwon M, Kim S, Yunn NO, Kim D, Ryu SH, Lee JB. Aptamer-based single-molecule imaging of insulin receptors in living cells. J Biomed Opt 2014; 19:051204. [PMID: 24297059 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.5.051204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a single-molecule imaging platform that quantitatively explores the spatiotemporal dynamics of individual insulin receptors in living cells. Modified DNA aptamers that specifically recognize insulin receptors (IRs) with a high affinity were selected through the SELEX process. Using quantum dot-labeled aptamers, we successfully imaged and analyzed the diffusive motions of individual IRs in the plasma membranes of a variety of cell lines (HIR, HEK293, HepG2). We further explored the cholesterol-dependent movement of IRs to address whether cholesterol depletion interferes with IRs and found that cholesterol depletion of the plasma membrane by methyl-β-cyclodextrin reduces the mobility of IRs. The aptamer-based single-molecule imaging of IRs will provide better understanding of insulin signal transduction through the dynamics study of IRs in the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhyeok Chang
- Pohang University of Science & Technology, Department of Physics, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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