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González‐Calderón A, Escobar J, Deferrari G, Schiavini A. Demographic plasticity in an invasive species: The effects of time since invasion and population management history on beavers in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. González‐Calderón
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC‐CONICET) Ushuaia Tierra del Fuego Argentina
| | - J. Escobar
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC‐CONICET) Ushuaia Tierra del Fuego Argentina
| | - G. Deferrari
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC‐CONICET) Ushuaia Tierra del Fuego Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego Ushuaia Argentina
| | - A. Schiavini
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC‐CONICET) Ushuaia Tierra del Fuego Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego Ushuaia Argentina
- Wildlife Conservation Society Argentinian Representation Buenos Aires Argentina
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Rios-Escobedo R, Ortiz-Santos E, Colín-Luna JA, Díaz de León JN, del Angel P, Escobar J, de los Reyes JA. Anisole Hydrodeoxygenation: A Comparative Study of Ni/TiO2-ZrO2 and Commercial TiO2 Supported Ni and NiRu Catalysts. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Goel N, Needham M, Soler-Ferran D, Cotreau MM, Escobar J, Greenberg S. POS1342 DEPLETION OF KLRG1+ T CELLS IN A FIRST-IN-HUMAN CLINICAL TRIAL OF ABC008 IN INCLUSION BODY MYOSITIS (IBM). Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundInclusion body myositis (IBM), a relentlessly progressive autoimmune skeletal muscle disease, has no effective available pharmacological therapy. A prominent feature of IBM on microscopy is highly differentiated effector CD8+ cytotoxic T (Tc) cells invading non-necrotic myofibers [1]. These Tc cells, known to be relatively resistant to apoptosis, express markers including killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1) [2]. ABC008, a first-in-class humanized, afucosylated monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for KLRG1, selectively depletes these highly differentiated Tc cells while sparing other blood cell populations, e.g., naïve, central memory, and regulatory T cells and B cells. ABC008 has been designed to treat diseases mediated by these Tc cells, including IBM and T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL). IBM and rheumatoid arthritis overlap clinically with T-LGLL and share similar expansions of large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), which also express KLRG1. We report here our preliminary data from our ongoing trial of ABC008 in IBM (NCT04659031).ObjectivesEvaluate the safety, pharmacodynamics (PD), and pharmacokinetics (PK) of ABC008 administered subcutaneously (SC) in adults with IBM.MethodsIn this first-in-human, open-label, single ascending dose trial with 3 + 3 design evaluating ABC008 SC, eligible participants must have clinicopathologically defined, clinically defined, or probable IBM according to the European Neuromuscular Centre 2011 research diagnostic criteria [3] and an IBM Functional Rating Scale (IBMFRS) score ≤38. Four dose cohorts are planned: ABC008 0.1, 0.5, 2.0, and 5.0 mg/kg. PD, PK, safety, and disease severity assessments are performed pre-dose (Day 0) and during the 6-month follow-up period.ResultsFive of the 6 (83.3%) participants were male with baseline mean age = 65.7 years, mean IBM disease duration = 6.8 years, and mean IBMFRS score = 27.5 (Table 1). Each received a single dose of ABC008 SC: Cohorts 1 (C1) and 2 (C2) received 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg and have completed 168 and 56 days of follow-up, respectively.Table 1.Baseline DemographicsBaseline CharacteristicsABC008 SC Treatment GroupsCohort 10.1 mg/kg SC (n=3)Cohort 20.5 mg/kg SC (n=3)ABC008 Overall (N=6)Age (years), mean ± SD64.0 ± 11.3667.3 ± 6.6665.7 ± 8.52Male sex, n (%)3 (100)2 (66.7)5 (83.3)Caucasian3 (100)3 (100)6 (100)Body Mass Index (kg/m2)28.5 ± 3.5828.3 ± 4.2528.4 ± 3.52Disease Duration (years), mean ± SD9.7 ± 5.973.9 ± 4.486.8 ± 5.70IBMFRS score, mean ± SD30.0 ± 4.0825.0 ± 6.1627.5 ± 5.80Abbreviations: IBMFRS, Inclusion Body Myositis Functional Rating Scale; n or N, number; SC, subcutaneous; SD, standard deviation.Maximum depletion of CD8+KLRG1+ cells for C1 and C2 ranged from 46-96% and 98-99%, respectively (Figure 1A), with depletion evident by the next assessment on Day 1. Recovery in C1 began at Day 84 with Day 168 depletion at 29-71%. Other hematologic parameters generally were stable (e.g., T regulatory and B cells). CD8+CD57+ LGLs, mostly KLRG1+, were also depleted (Figure 1B). Preliminary PK showed that ABC008 SC displays a long absorption phase and slow clearance properties typical of mAb therapies. No severe adverse events (AEs) or discontinuations due to AEs have been reported. One unrelated serious AE of fall with muscle tear in a C1 participant with a prior history of falls occurred.Figure 1.Key pharmacodynamic parameters in Study ABC008-IBM-101. Baseline and change (A) of KLRG1+CD8+ T cells and (B) CD8+CD57+ large granular lymphocytes (LGLs). C1 and C2 are Cohorts 1 and 2; P1, P2, and P3 are Participants 1, 2, and 3.ConclusionIn study participants with IBM, single SC doses of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg of ABC008 resulted in the depletion of CD8+KLRG1+ cells and CD8+CD57+ LGLs with clear evidence of a dose response for KLRG1+ T cell depletion and no apparent safety signals. Based on these results, a study evaluating ABC008 for the treatment of T-LGLL is planned.References[1]Engel AG, et al. Ann Neurol. 1984;16:209-15.[2]Greenberg SA, et al. Brain. 2016;139:1348-60.[3]Rose MR, et al. Neuromuscul Disord. 2013;23:1044-55.Disclosure of InterestsNiti Goel Shareholder of: UCB, Abcuro, Inc, Employee of: Abcuro, Inc, Merrilee Needham Consultant of: Abcuro, Inc, Grant/research support from: Abcuro, Inc, Dulce Soler-Ferran Shareholder of: Abcuro, Inc, Employee of: Abcuro, Inc, Monette M. Cotreau Consultant of: Abcuro, Inc, Jorge Escobar Shareholder of: Abcuro, Employee of: Abcuro, Steven Greenberg Shareholder of: Abcuro, Inc, Consultant of: Abcuro, Inc
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De La Llana V, Pellejero S, Fuentemilla N, Mañeru F, Bragado L, Escobar J, Estrada R, Caudepón F, Fernandez A, Perez F, Miquelez S. Automation of tasks for VMAT QA with an in house developed application. Phys Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)00415-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Fernandez A, Raposo V, Miquelez S, Caudepon F, Fuentemilla N, Bragado L, Estrada R, Escobar J. Characterization of the spectral response of CsI flat panel detectors in digital radiography. Phys Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)00221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Salas N, Escobar J, Huepe D. Two Sides of the Same Coin: Fluid Intelligence and Crystallized Intelligence as Cognitive Reserve Predictors of Social Cognition and Executive Functions Among Vulnerable Elderly People. Front Neurol 2021; 12:599378. [PMID: 34867698 PMCID: PMC8639504 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.599378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of cognitive reserve -CR- postulates two forms that prevent cognitive impairment: neural reserve and neural compensation. Both have been primarily linked to the protective role played by genetic factors, educational level, occupation or socioeconomic status. Though it is true that it has been related to executive functions, so far very little attention has been paid to its predictive capacity with other variables more related to social cognition and psychosocial adaptation. Considering socially vulnerable contexts with reduced cultural capital and educational levels, the neural reserve function would be the most relevant and best predictor of aspects related to social cognition and executive functions. We suggest that variables such as fluid and crystallized intelligence influence social cognition and executive functions. This study included a sample of 27 participants over 60 years old from varied contexts of social vulnerability. The procedure included data collection using various cognitive measures. Results show that elderly people with high intelligence-mainly fluid intelligence-have better executive functions, emotional recognition and theory of mind. These results focus on cognitive reserve and its importance because they show that elderly people in vulnerable contexts who strengthen these aspects protect themselves against the deterioration of cognitive skills. This study is the first preliminary research to present a relationship between cognitive reserve and social cognition factors in elderly subjects. Fluid intelligence functions as a highly related factor to protect the performance of executive functions, along with other social-cognitive factors relevant to facilitating the conditions of social adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Salas
- Facultad de Educación, Psicología y Familia, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Josefina Escobar
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Huepe
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
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Fuentemilla N, Raposo V, Fernandez A, Estrada R, Pellejero S, Bragado L, Caudepon F, Mañeru F, De la Llana V, Miquelez S, Escobar J. PO-0208 Do the results improve when using inverse planning multi-solution tool in HDR prostate BT? Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)06367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fuentemilla N, Fernandez A, Pellejero S, Estrada R, Escobar J, Bragado L, Caudepon F, Mañeru F, Miquelez S, Villafranca E, Barrado M. PO-0202 commissioning of a Venezia applicator: discrepancies between expected and actual source positions. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)06361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fouconnier B, Lopez-Serrano F, Puente Lee RI, Terrazas-Rodriguez JE, Roman-Guerrero A, Barrera MC, Escobar J. Hybrid microspheres and percolated monoliths synthesized via Pickering emulsion
co-polymerization stabilized by in situ surface-modified silica nanoparticles. EXPRESS POLYM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2021.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abdul Rasheed MS, Tiwari UP, Oelschlager ML, Smith BN, Jespersen JC, Escobar J, Olmeda-Geniec N, Dilger RN. Dietary supplementation with anti-IL-10 antibody during a severe Eimeria challenge in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6493-6502. [PMID: 33248564 PMCID: PMC7705005 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Attenuation of host IL-10 activity during Eimeria infection may elicit a robust Th1 response to eliminate the parasite from the gut epithelium. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of feeding IL-10 neutralizing antibody delivered via a dried egg product (DEP) on growth performance, immune responsivity, and gut health outcomes during a severe challenge with either Eimeria acervulina (study 1) or Eimeria tenella (study 2) following FDA CVM #217 protocol to test anticoccidial products. A total of 720 male Ross 308 chicks were used in each study, with 15 replicate cages of 12 birds and the following 4 treatments: sham-inoculated (uninfected) control diet (UCON), Eimeria-infected control diet (ICON), and Eimeria-infected control diet supplemented with DEP at 2 levels (165 [I-165] or 287 [I-287] U/tonne in study 1 and 143 [I-143] or 287 [I-287] U/tonne in study 2). Individual birds assigned to infected treatment groups received a single oral dose of either 200,000 E. acervulina (study 1) or 80,000 E. tenella (study 2) oocysts at 12 d of age (i.e., d post inoculation [DPI] 0), whereas uninfected birds were sham-inoculated with tap water. A one-way ANOVA was performed on outcomes including growth performance, hematology, serum chemistry profiles, immunophenotyping profiles, and intestinal lesion scores. In both studies, DPI 0 to 7 weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were worse (P < 0.05) in all infected groups compared with the UCON group. Compared with ICON, DEP supplementation elicited no differences on overall growth performance. Histopathology and lesion scores revealed severe damage to the gut epithelium owing to the Eimeria challenge, yet DEP supplementation did not improve these outcomes or oocyst shedding, hematological measurements, or serum chemistry. However, DEP supplementation improved (P < 0.05) the percentage of circulating CD3+ cells at 6 DPI in study 2. These results indicate that DEP does not appear to elicit a coccidiostatic effect during a severe infection with E. acervulina or E. tenella.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Abdul Rasheed
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - U P Tiwari
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - M L Oelschlager
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - B N Smith
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - J C Jespersen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - J Escobar
- Nutritional Health, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN 46140, USA
| | - N Olmeda-Geniec
- Nutritional Health, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN 46140, USA
| | - R N Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Colín-Luna J, Zamora-Rodea G, Medina-Mendoza A, Alvarado-Perea L, Angeles-Chávez C, Escobar J, Pacheco-Sosa J, García Martínez J. Zn supported on Zr modified mesoporous SBA-15 as sorbents of pollutant precursors contained in fossil fuels: Si/Zr ratio effect. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Freeman M, Vera G, Escobar J, Rivas P, Vega S, Freeman E, Jaramillo J, Valencia E. Osseous healing followup after intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.03.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Paredes-Carnero X, Escobar J, Galdo J, Babé J. Total knee arthroplasty for treatment of osteoarthritis associated with extra-articular deformity. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2018; 9:125-132. [PMID: 29896014 PMCID: PMC5995007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to review senior author results of TKA in patients with extra-articular angular deformities (correction of mechanical axis was performed without an additional procedure for osteotomy). METHODS Results of TKA in nine knees with osteoarthritis and associated extra-articular angular deformity of femur were reviewed retrospectively. This group was compare with a with a control group of 20 patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis that underwent TKA without extra-articular deformity. Angulation of deformity in patients was 19° in coronal plane (range 15°-25°) and 12° in sagittal plane (range 8°-5°). Knee Score (KS) and Functional Score (FS) were measured pre and post-surgery, likewise arc flexion was reported. Results in KS and FS were correlationed with extra-articular angulation. RESULTS Duration of follow-up averaged 55 months (range, 48-63 months). KS Average and FS increased from 50.5 and 38.4 points, preoperatively, to 96.5 and 84.4 points, respectively, at time of following-up. No statistically significant differences in any postoperative parameters were found between the postoperative group of extra-articular deformities and the control group were found. Positive correlation was obtained between deformity degrees and KS. Arc of motion averaged 86° preoperatively and 118° at time of following-up. No total knee arthroplasty was revised. CONCLUSION In our opinion, best management for extra-articular deformities associated to osteoarthritis is to carry out a knee replacement without corrective osteotomy on condition that planification allow to us avoid ligaments insertions, using an extensive soft-tissue balancing in conjunction with a minimally constrained TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Paredes-Carnero
- Servizo de Cirurxía Ortopédica e Traumatoloxía, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Rúa Ramón Puga 52-54, Ourense cp 32005, Spain,Corresponding author.
| | - J. Escobar
- Unidad de Cirugía de Rodilla, Hospital Nuestra Señora de Fátima, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - J.M. Galdo
- Servizo de Cirurxía Ortopédica e Traumatoloxía, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - J.G. Babé
- Unidad de Cirugía de Rodilla, Hospital Nuestra Señora de Fátima, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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Paredes-Carnero X, Fernández-Cortiñas A, Escobar J, Galdo J, Babé J. Management of severe valgus knee by total unconstrained arthroplasty: A comparative study with long-term follow-up. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recote.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Paredes-Carnero X, Fernández-Cortiñas AB, Escobar J, Galdo JM, Babé JG. Management of severe valgus knee by total unconstrained arthroplasty: A comparative study with long-term follow-up. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2017; 61:240-248. [PMID: 28526236 DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of unconstrained implants in the correction of large valgus deformities using total knee arthroplasty (TKA). MATERIAL AND METHOD A total of 817 primary TKA operated between 1998 and 2006 were retrospectively assessed. 50 TKA were selected (group A) in 49 patients, with a minimum deformity of 15° of valgus, 41 cases were included. Another 50 ATR were selected (group B), with a maximum deformity of 15° of varus, finally including 44 cases in 42 patients. The same surgeon performed every operation. The minimum follow-up time was 10 years. The Knee Society Score (KS and FS), the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and the Range of Mobility (ROM), both preoperative and postoperative at 1,.5 and 10 years, as well as radiographic evolution and complications were evaluated. RESULTS Preoperative values of KS, FS and OKS were lower in group A (P<.0001, P<.01 and P<.05, respectively), but not ROM. Postoperatively, KS, FS, OKS and ROM were not different between the groups, neither year, nor 5, nor 10 years. There were also no radiological or complications between the two groups. DISCUSSION The use of non-constricted implants in severe valgus was not inferior to the mild varus, implying, in addition, a saving in economic terms, with excellent postoperative results. CONCLUSIONS Correction of severe valgus deformities can be performed with non-constrained primary implants, without obtaining worse results than those obtained in mild deformities.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Paredes-Carnero
- Servizo de Ortopedia e Traumatoloxía, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Ourense, España.
| | | | - J Escobar
- Unidad de Cirugía de Rodilla, Hospital Nuestra Señora de Fátima, Vigo, Pontevedra, España
| | - J M Galdo
- Servizo de Ortopedia e Traumatoloxía, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Pontevedra, España
| | - J G Babé
- Unidad de Cirugía de Rodilla, Hospital Nuestra Señora de Fátima, Vigo, Pontevedra, España
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Tucker H, Hanigan M, Escobar J, Doane P, Donkin S. Hepatic expression of aminoadipate semialdehyde synthase is unchanged by postruminal lysine supply in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:1009-1018. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-10972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Almeida FN, Vázquez-Añón M, Escobar J. 0926 New bacterial 6-phytase expressed in Pseudomonas fluorescens improved growth performance, bone parameters, and P digestibility in growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Almeida FN, Vázquez-Añón M, Escobar J. 0936 Growth performance, bone measurements, and P digestibility in nursery pigs fed diets supplemented with increasing levels of a new bacterial 6-phytase expressed in Pseudomonas fluorescens. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
Addition of cysteine in the mM range to purified oxyhemoglobin, red blood cell lysate or red blood cell suspensions leads to oxidation of the hemoprotein. The rate and extent of the process depend on the initial hemoglobin and cysteine concentrations, and the reaction is limited by the total destruction of the sulfhydryl groups. Similar results are obtained employing glutathione, but the rate of the process is considerably slower. Oxidation of the purified hemoprotein is faster than in the red blood cell lysate. This difference is mainly due to the inhibitory effect of catalase present in the lysate. Addition of sodium azide increases the rate of oxyhemoglobin oxidation in the lysate, while addition of catalase reduces the rate of oxidation of the purified hemoprotein. The results are interpreted in terms of a mechanism comprising the oxidation of the oxyhemoglobin by the -SH group, with concomitant formation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. These species further contribute to the oxyhemoglobin oxidation. A chain oxidation of the thiol, catalyzed by the hemoprotein, explains the extensive cysteine destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lips
- a Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Valparaiso
| | - G Celedón
- a Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Valparaiso
| | - J Escobar
- b Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química y Biología , Universidad de Santiago de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - E A Lissi
- b Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química y Biología , Universidad de Santiago de Chile , Santiago , Chile
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Liu Y, González-Vega JC, Vázquez-Añon M, Zhao J, Escobar J, Almeida FN, Stein HH. 243 Effects of a novel phytase on growth performance and metacarpal bone ash in weanling pigs. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/msasas2016-243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Davin R, Almeida FN, Zhao J, Escobar J, Vázquez-Añon M. 159 Effects of copper source and level on growth performance and bone mineralization in pigs fed phytase-supplemented diets. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/msasas2016-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ma YL, Zanton GI, Zhao J, Wedekind K, Escobar J, Vazquez-Añón M. Multitrial analysis of the effects of copper level and source on performance in nursery pigs. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:606-14. [PMID: 25548207 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A multitrial analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of Cu from either Cu(2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid [HMTBa])2 or CuSO4 on growth performance in nursery pigs. Six nursery trials were conducted from 2007 to 2012 under the same commercial conditions with initial BW of 5.75 ± 0.41 kg at 21 ± 3 d of age; the trials lasted for 42 d with a 3-phase feeding program (7 d in Phase I, 14 d in Phase II, and 21 d in Phase III). Diets were medicated with antibiotics and supplemented with 3,000 mg/kg Zn as ZnO during phases I and/or II. Treatments included a basal diet without added Cu or according to the NRC (1998) and supplemental levels of Cu (50 to 250 mg Cu/kg diet) from either Cu(HMTBa)2 or CuSO4; HMTBa was supplemented to make diets isomethionine. Treatments from each trial included 6 or 9 replicate pens/treatment with 22 to 25 piglets/pen. Mixed model analysis was conducted in which trial was considered a random effect, Cu level was considered a continuous fixed effect, and Cu source was a fixed effect. The basal diet within trial and statistical tests of the intercept between sources were not different, resulting in fitting a common intercept mixed model to the overall responses across phases. Cumulative ADG and ADFI quadratically responded (P < 0.05) with increasing Cu supplementation; predicted optimal ADG and ADFI occurred at 174 and 119 mg/kg, respectively. Increasing Cu supplementation linearly improved G:F (P = 0.054). No differences between sources were observed in ADG or ADFI. Numerically, pigs fed Cu(HMTBa)2 had higher ADG and lower ADFI compared to pigs fed CuSO4, resulting in better G:F for pigs supplemented with Cu(HMTBa)2 compared to pigs supplemented with CuSO4 (P < 0.01). The linear slope for increasing Cu supplementation on G:F was 2.1-fold higher for Cu(HMTBa)2 than that of CuSO4, with larger differences occurring in Phase II. In conclusion, Cu supplementation in nursery diets resulted in improved performance and Cu(HMTBa)2 is more effective than CuSO4 in improving feed efficiency.
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Escobar J, Archila A, Delgado L, Leon A, Atehortua H, Jaimes F. Variables associated with pacemaker implantation in postoperative patients of cardiac surgery in a university hospital. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4798057 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Cháfer-Pericás C, Rahkonen L, Sánchez-Illana A, Kuligowski J, Torres-Cuevas I, Cernada M, Cubells E, Nuñez-Ramiro A, Andersson S, Vento M, Escobar J. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry determination of lipid peroxidation biomarkers in newborn serum samples. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 886:214-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Kuligowski J, Pérez-Guaita D, Lliso I, Escobar J, León Z, Gombau L, Solberg R, Saugstad OD, Vento M, Quintás G. Detection of batch effects in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomic data using guided principal component analysis. Talanta 2014; 130:442-8. [PMID: 25159433 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is a powerful tool for studying dynamic responses of biological systems to different physiological or pathological conditions. Differences in the instrumental response within and between batches introduce unwanted and uncontrolled data variation that should be removed to extract useful information. This work exploits a recently developed method for the identification of batch effects in high throughput genomic data based on the calculation of a δ statistic through principal component analysis (PCA) and guided PCA. Its applicability to LC-MS metabolomic data was tested on two real examples. The first example involved the repeated analysis of 42 plasma samples and 6 blanks in three independent batches, and the second data set involved the analysis of 101 plasma and 18 blank samples in a single batch with a total runtime of 50h. The first and second data set were used to evaluate between and within-batch effects using the δ statistic, respectively. Results obtained showed the usefulness of using the δ statistic together with other approaches such as summary statistics of peak intensity distributions, PCA scores plots or the monitoring of IS peak intensities, to detect and identify instrumental instabilities in LC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - D Pérez-Guaita
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - I Lliso
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Escobar
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Z León
- Analytical Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Gombau
- Leitat Technological Center, Bio In Vitro Division, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Solberg
- Department of Pediatric Research, Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - O D Saugstad
- Department of Pediatric Research, Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Vento
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Division of Neonatology, University & Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - G Quintás
- Leitat Technological Center, Bio In Vitro Division, Valencia, Spain.
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Yáñez J, Escobar J, Irisarri C. Fracturas del extremo distal de la falange proximal. Rev Iberoam Cir Mano 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1607101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Las fracturas del extremo distal de la falange proximal, localizadas en la cabeza o cuello de la misma, son con frecuencia inestables y por su complejidad, suelen ser fracturas difíciles de tratar correctamente. No es por ello infrecuente que se produzcan complicaciones tales como consolidaciones en mala posición, seudoartrosis, artrosis postraumática o rigideces de los dedos afectados. El conocimiento de los distintos patrones de fractura, así como su diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados, son esenciales para conseguir los mejores resultados posibles.Exponemos en este artículo nuestra experiencia con este tipo de lesiones, realizando una revisión de la literatura de las mismas, tanto en niños como en adultos, analizando los diferentes tipos de fracturas, los tratamientos posibles, las complicaciones más frecuentes que hemos observado y nuestras recomendaciones para evitarlas y tratarlas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Yáñez
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología. Hospital do Meixoeiro. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo. España
| | - J. Escobar
- Servicios médicos de Mutua Universal. Vigo. España
| | - C. Irisarri
- Cirugía de la Mano. Centro Médico El Castro. Vigo. España
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Urschel KL, Escobar J, McCutcheon LJ, Geor RJ. Effects of the rate of insulin infusion during isoglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp procedures on measures of insulin action in healthy, mature thoroughbred mares. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2014; 47:83-91. [PMID: 24315754 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether the rate of insulin infusion during isoglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp procedures affected measures of insulin action, including glucose disposal and plasma non-esterified fatty acid, endothelin-1, and nitric oxide concentrations, in mature, healthy horses. Eight thoroughbred mares were studied during a 2-h hyperinsulinemic clamp procedure, conducted at each of 4 rates of insulin infusion: 0 (CON), 1.2 (LOWINS), 3 (MEDINS), and 6 (HIGHINS) mU · kg(-1) · min(-1). The infusion rate of a dextrose solution was adjusted throughout the clamp procedures to maintain blood glucose levels within 10% of baseline glucose concentrations. Plasma insulin concentrations were measured throughout the clamp procedures, and used with the rate of glucose infusion to calculate the plasma insulin concentration-to-rate of glucose infusion ratio, a measure of insulin action on glucose disposal. The rate of glucose infusion increased with rate of insulin infusion (P < 0.05). The plasma insulin concentration-to-rate of glucose infusion ratio was highest for the LOWINS treatment (P < 0.05) and decreased by 62% (P < 0.05) and 84% (P < 0.05) for the MEDINS and HIGHINS treatments, respectively. Although plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were lower than baseline by t = 30 min of the clamp procedures in the LOWINS, MEDINS, and HIGHINS treatments (P < 0.05), the decline was similar for all 3 rates of insulin infusion. Jugular vein plasma nitric oxide and endothelin-1 concentrations were not affected by insulin infusion rate (P > 0.05). The data indicate that it is important to standardize insulin infusion rate if data are to be compared between hyperinsulinemic clamp studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Urschel
- Middleburg Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Middleburg, VA 20117, USA; Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - J Escobar
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - L J McCutcheon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia Tech, Leesburg, VA 20177, USA
| | - R J Geor
- Middleburg Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Middleburg, VA 20117, USA; Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Urschel KL, Escobar J, McCutcheon LJ, Geor RJ. Insulin infusion stimulates whole-body protein synthesis and activates the upstream and downstream effectors of mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling in the gluteus medius muscle of mature horses. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2014; 47:92-100. [PMID: 24315755 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the role insulin plays in regulating whole-body and muscle protein metabolism in horses. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of graded rates of insulin infusion on plasma amino acid concentrations and the activation of factors in the mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway in the skeletal muscle of horses. Isoglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp procedures were conducted in 8 mature, thoroughbred mares receiving 4 rates of insulin infusion: 0 mU · kg(-1) · min(-1) (CON), 1.2 mU · kg(-1) · min(-1) (LOWINS), 3 mU · kg(-1) · min(-1) (MEDINS), and 6 mU · kg(-1) · min(-1) (HIGHINS). Blood samples were taken throughout the clamp procedures to measure plasma amino acid concentrations, and a biopsy from the gluteus medius muscle was collected at the end of the 2-h clamp to measure phosphorylation of protein kinase B, eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1, and riboprotein S6. Plasma concentrations of most of the essential amino acids decreased (P < 0.05) after 120 min of insulin infusion in horses receiving the LOWINS, MEDINS, and HIGHINS treatments, with the largest decreases occurring in horses receiving the MEDINS and HIGHINS treatments. Phosphorylation of protein kinase B, 4E-binding protein 1, and riboprotein S6 increased with all 3 rates of insulin infusion (P > 0.05), relative to CON, with maximum phosphorylation achieved with MEDINS and HIGHINS treatments. These results indicate that insulin stimulates whole-body and muscle protein synthesis in mature horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Urschel
- Middleburg Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Middleburg, VA 20117, USA; Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - J Escobar
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - L J McCutcheon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia Tech, Leesburg, VA 20177, USA
| | - R J Geor
- Middleburg Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Middleburg, VA 20117, USA; Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Aranda FS, Sansogne R, Suarez V, Franco M, Escobar J, Arbiser S. SU-E-T-17: Validation of in House Developed Software Designed Ad Hoc for IMRT QA Analysis Using EPID Based Images. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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30
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Pearce SC, Gabler NK, Ross JW, Escobar J, Patience JF, Rhoads RP, Baumgard LH. The effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on metabolism in growing pigs1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:2108-18. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. C. Pearce
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - N. K. Gabler
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - J. W. Ross
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - J. Escobar
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061
| | - J. F. Patience
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - R. P. Rhoads
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061
| | - L. H. Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
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Cardona JF, Manes F, Escobar J, López J, Ibáñez A. Potential consequences of abandonment in preschool-age: neuropsychological findings in institutionalized children. Behav Neurol 2013; 25:291-301. [PMID: 22713373 PMCID: PMC5294271 DOI: 10.3233/ben-2012-110205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Several longitudinal studies had shown that early deprivation and institutionalization during the first six months of life affects the emotional, cognitive, social and neurophysiologic development. Nevertheless, our understanding of possible similar effects of delayed institutionalization, in preschool-age remains unclear to this day. The goal of this study is to evaluate the cognitive performance of institutionalized children with history of preschool-age physical abandonment. Method: 18 male institutionalized children with history of abandonment during the preschool-age (2–5 years old) and comparison group matched by age, handedness, gender, educational and socioeconomic level were tested on multiple tasks of attention, memory and executive functions. Results: We found a cognitive impairment in the institutionalized children in several measures of attention, memory and executive functions. This is the first report of cognitive impairment related to late abandonment and institutionalization effects (after 2 years old), extending the already known effects on early institutionalization. Conclusions: This preliminary study suggests that environmental factors including abandonment and institutional care, can affect not only the infancy period, but also the preschool period providing new insights into our understanding of neurocognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Cardona
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neurology, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Reeves H, Eyk G, Seelenbinder K, Price K, Scheffler T, Gerrard D, Scheffler J, Escobar J. Increased fat and simple carbohydrate consumption results in obese prepubertal pigs without an increase in body weight. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.113.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H.F. Reeves
- Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA
| | - G.R. Eyk
- Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA
| | | | - K.L. Price
- Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA
| | | | - D.E. Gerrard
- Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA
| | | | - J. Escobar
- Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA
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Xie G, Reeves H, Deaver S, Dixon K, Escobar J, Rhoads R, Rhoads M. Influence of dietary carbohydrate source and high fat on reproductive tract characteristics of prepubertal female pigs. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.651.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Xie
- Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA
| | - H.F. Reeves
- Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA
| | - S.E. Deaver
- Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA
| | - K.A. Dixon
- Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA
| | - J. Escobar
- Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA
| | - R.P. Rhoads
- Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA
| | - M.L. Rhoads
- Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA
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Price K, Ramirez E, Lee H, Eyk G, Hanigan M, Escobar J. Amino acid metabolism during endotoxemia in fed pigs. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1013.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K.L. Price
- Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA
| | - E.M. Ramirez
- Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA
| | - H. Lee
- Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA
| | - G.R. Eyk
- Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA
| | | | - J. Escobar
- Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA
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Eyk G, Fisher K, Kasten S, Scheffler T, Price K, Reeves H, Gerrard D, Scheffler J, Escobar J. Dietary fat and sugar induce obesity and impair glucose tolerance in prepubertal pigs. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.113.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G.R. Eyk
- Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA
| | - K.D. Fisher
- Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA
| | - S.C. Kasten
- Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA
| | | | - K.L. Price
- Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA
| | - H.F. Reeves
- Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA
| | - D.E. Gerrard
- Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA
| | | | - J. Escobar
- Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA
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Diaz Vazquez M, Ferraris G, Martinez P, Rafailovici L, Filomia M, Ferraris M, Escobar J, Dosoretz B. Five Year Results of Radiation Therapy in Patients with Previous Breast Silicone Implants. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Appuhamy JADRN, Knapp JR, Becvar O, Escobar J, Hanigan MD. Effects of jugular-infused lysine, methionine, and branched-chain amino acids on milk protein synthesis in high-producing dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:1952-60. [PMID: 21426986 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In addition to lysine and methionine, current ration-balancing programs suggest that branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supply may also be limiting in dairy cows. The objective of this study was to investigate whether BCAA, leucine, isoleucine, and valine become limiting for milk protein synthesis when methionine and lysine supply were not limiting. Nine multiparous Holstein cows with an average milk production of 53.5±7.1 kg/d were randomly assigned to 7-d continuous jugular infusions of saline (CTL), methionine and lysine (ML; 12 g and 21 g/d, respectively), or ML plus leucine, isoleucine, and valine (ML+BCAA; 35 g, 15 g, and 15 g/d, respectively) in a 3×3 Latin square design with 3 infusion periods separated by 7-d noninfusion periods. The basal diet consisted of 40% corn silage, 14% alfalfa hay, and a concentrate mix, and respectively supplied lysine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, and valine as 6.1, 1.8, 4.7, 8.9, and 5.3% of metabolizable protein. Dry matter intake (23.9 kg/d), milk yield (52.8 kg/d), fat content (2.55%), fat yield (1.33 kg/d), lactose content (4.77%), lactose yield (2.51 kg/d), and milk protein efficiency (0.38) were similar across treatments. Protein yield and protein content were not significantly different between ML (1.52 kg/d and 2.88%, respectively) and ML+BCAA (1.51 kg/d and 2.83%, respectively), but they were significantly greater than that of CTL (1.39 kg/d and 2.71%). Cows that received ML+BCAA had less milk urea nitrogen content (10.9 mg/dL) compared with milk of CTL cows (12.4 mg/dL) and ML cows (11.8 mg/dL). Whereas high-producing cows responded positively to methionine and lysine supplementation, no apparent benefits of BCAA supplementation in milk protein synthesis were found. Infusion of BCAA may have stimulated synthesis of other body proteins, probably muscle proteins, as evidenced by decreased milk urea nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A D R N Appuhamy
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Rius AG, Appuhamy JADRN, Cyriac J, Kirovski D, Becvar O, Escobar J, McGilliard ML, Bequette BJ, Akers RM, Hanigan MD. Regulation of protein synthesis in mammary glands of lactating dairy cows by starch and amino acids. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:3114-27. [PMID: 20630229 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate local molecular adaptations proposed to regulate protein synthesis in the mammary glands. It was hypothesized that AA and energy-yielding substrates independently regulate AA metabolism and protein synthesis in mammary glands by a combination of systemic and local mechanisms. Six primiparous mid-lactation Holstein cows with ruminal cannulas were randomly assigned to 4 treatment sequences in a replicated incomplete 4 x 4 Latin square design experiment. Treatments were abomasal infusions of casein and starch in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. All animals received the same basal diet (17.6% crude protein and 6.61 MJ of net energy for lactation/kg of DM) throughout the study. Cows were restricted to 70% of ad libitum intake and abomasally infused for 36 h with water, casein (0.86 kg/d), starch (2 kg/d), or a combination (2 kg/d starch+0.86 kg/d casein) using peristaltic pumps. Milk yields and composition were assessed throughout the study. Arterial and venous plasma samples were collected every 20 min during the last 8h of infusion to assess mammary uptake. Mammary biopsy samples were collected at the end of each infusion and assessed for the phosphorylation state of selected intracellular signaling molecules that regulate protein synthesis. Animals infused with casein had increased arterial concentrations of AA, increased mammary extraction of AA from plasma, either no change or a trend for reduced mammary AA clearance rates, and no change in milk protein yield. Animals infused with starch had increased milk and milk protein yields, increased mammary plasma flow, reduced arterial concentrations of AA, and increased mammary clearance rates and net uptake of some AA. Infusions of starch increased plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-I. Starch infusions increased phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, consistent with changes in milk protein yields and plasma flow, respectively. Phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin was increased in response to starch only when casein was also infused. Thus, cell signaling molecules involved in the regulation of protein synthesis differentially responded to these nutritional stimuli. The hypothesized independent effects of casein and starch on animal metabolism and cell signaling were not observed, presumably because of the lack of a milk protein response to infused casein.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Rius
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Cortés-Jacome M, Toledo-Antonio J, Angeles-Chávez C, López-Salinas E, Ferrat G, Escobar J, Montoya de la Fuente J. Role of the residual Na+ ions on the dispersion of WOx species on titania nanotubes by in situ thermo-Raman study. Catal Today 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2009.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Escobar J, Baker L, Wilson E. Percutaneous obstructed hemivagina access (POHVA) to the difficult obstructed hemivagina in the OHVIRA syndrome: a novel minimally invasive technique. Fertil Steril 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.07.846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Solís-Casados D, Escobar J, Orozco IG, Klimova T. Effect of Potassium Content on the Performance of CoMo/Al2O3-MgO-K2O(x) Catalysts in Hydrodesulfurization of Dibenzothiophene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie100682x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Solís-Casados
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 14.5 Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P. 50200, Toluca Estado de México, México
| | - J. Escobar
- Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas 152, San Bartolo Atepehuacan, Gustavo A. Madero, México D.F., México, 07730
| | - I. García Orozco
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 14.5 Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P. 50200, Toluca Estado de México, México
| | - T. Klimova
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, México D. F., 04510, México
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Price KL, Totty HR, Lee HB, Utt MD, Fitzner GE, Yoon I, Ponder MA, Escobar J. Use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on growth performance and microbiota of weaned pigs during Salmonella infection. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:3896-908. [PMID: 20656973 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobically fermented yeast products are a rich source of nutritional metabolites, mannanoligosaccharides, and β-glucans that may optimize gut health and immunity, which can translate into better growth performance and a reduced risk of foodborne pathogens. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (Diamond V Original XPC) inclusion in nursery diets on pig performance and gastrointestinal microbial ecology before, during, and after an oral challenge with Salmonella. Pigs (n = 40) were weaned at 21 d of age, blocked by BW, and assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of diet (control or 0.2% XPC) and inoculation (sterile broth or Salmonella). Pigs were fed a 3-phase nursery diet (0 to 7 d, 7 to 21 d, and 21 to 35 d) with ad libitum access to water and feed. On d 14, pigs were orally inoculated with 10(9) cfu of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 or sterile broth. During d 17 to 20, all pigs were treated with a 5 mg/kg of BW intramuscular injection of ceftiofur-HCl. Growth performance and alterations in the gastrointestinal microbial ecology were measured during preinoculation (PRE; 0 to 14 d), sick (SCK; 14 to 21 d), and postinoculation (POST; 21 to 35 d). Body weight and ADG were measured weekly. Rectal temperature (RT) was measured weekly during PRE and POST, and every 12 h during SCK. Diet had no effect on BW, ADG, or RT during any period (P = 0.12 to 0.95). Inclusion of XPC tended (P < 0.10) to increase Salmonella shedding in feces during SCK. Consumption of XPC altered the composition of the gastrointestinal microbial community, resulting in increased (P < 0.05) populations of Bacteroidetes and Lactobacillus after Salmonella infection. Pigs inoculated with Salmonella had decreased ADG and BW, and increased RT during SCK (P < 0.001). Furthermore, fecal Salmonella cfu (log(10)) was modestly correlated (P = 0.002) with BW (r = -0.22), ADFI (r = -0.27), ADG (r = -0.36), G:F (r = -0.18), and RT (r = 0.52) during SCK. After antibiotic administration, all Salmonella-infected pigs stopped shedding. During POST, an interaction between diet and inoculation (P = 0.009) on ADG indicated that pigs infected with Salmonella grew better when eating XPC than the control diet. The addition of XPC to the diets of weanling pigs resulted in greater compensatory BW gains after infection with Salmonella than in pigs fed conventional nursery diets. This increase in BW gain is likely associated with an increase in beneficial bacteria within the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Price
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061, USA
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Escobar J, Barrera M, de los Reyes J, Toledo J, Santes V, Colín J. Effect of chelating ligands on Ni–Mo impregnation over wide-pore ZrO2–TiO2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2008.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cortés-Jácome M, Ferrat-Torres G, Ortiz LF, Angeles-Chávez C, López-Salinas E, Escobar J, Mosqueira M, Toledo-Antonio J. In situ thermo-Raman study of titanium oxide nanotubes. Catal Today 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2007.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Naranjo J, Poniachik J, Cisco D, Contreras J, Oksenberg D, Valera JM, Díaz JC, Rojas J, Cardemil G, Mena S, Castillo J, Rencoret G, Godoy J, Escobar J, Rodríguez J, Leyton P, Fica A, Toledo C. Oral Ulcers Produced by Mycophenolate Mofetil in Two Liver Transplant Patients. Transplant Proc 2007; 39:612-4. [PMID: 17445557 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oral ulcers are a frequent problem in transplant medicine. It is important to consider infectious etiologies, exacerbated by the immunosuppressive treatment, but other etiologies are also possible, like adverse drug reactions. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an immunosuppressive medication that has been used in combination with calcineurin inhibitors and steroids. Reports of renal transplant patients with oral ulcers related to MMF have appeared lately and herein we have described 2 cases in liver transplant patients. Their oral ulcers resolved quickly after suspension of the medication. Our 2 cases in liver transplant patients represented a unique setting for this type of complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Naranjo
- Gastroenterology Department, Medicine Service, Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
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Pereda J, Gómez-Cambronero L, Alberola A, Fabregat G, Cerdá M, Escobar J, Sabater L, García-de-la-Asuneión J, Viña J, Sastre J. Co-administration of pentoxifylline and thiopental causes death by acute pulmonary oedema in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 149:450-5. [PMID: 16953192 PMCID: PMC1978439 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pentoxifylline exhibits rheological properties that improve microvascular flow and it is widely used in vascular perfusion disorders. It also exhibits marked anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting tumour necrosis factor alpha production. Thiopental is one of the most widely used drugs for rapid induction of anaesthesia. During experimental studies on the treatment of acute pancreatitis, we observed that when pentoxifylline was administered after anaesthesia with thiopental, most of the rats exhibited dyspnea, signs of pulmonary oedema and died. The aim of the work described here was to investigate the cause of the unexpected toxic effect of the combined treatment with thiopental and pentoxifylline. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Pulmonary vascular permeability and arterial blood gases were measured, and a histological analysis was performed. The possible role of haemodynamic changes in the formation of pulmonary oedema was also assessed. KEY RESULTS Co-administration of pentoxifylline and thiopental increased pulmonary vascular permeability and markedly decreased arterial pO2, with one third of rats suffering from hypoxemia. This combined treatment caused death by acute pulmonary oedema in 27% of normal rats and aggravated the respiratory insufficiency associated with acute pancreatitis in which the mortality rate increased to 60%. This pulmonary oedema was not mediated by cardiac failure or by pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Co-administration of pharmacological doses of pentoxifylline and thiopental caused pulmonary oedema and death in rats. Consequently, pentoxifylline should not be administered when anaesthesia is induced with thiopental to avoid any possible risk of acute pulmonary oedema and death in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pereda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia Valencia, Spain
| | - L Gómez-Cambronero
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia Valencia, Spain
| | - A Alberola
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia Valencia, Spain
| | - G Fabregat
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Universitary Clinic Hospital Valencia, Spain
| | - M Cerdá
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia Valencia, Spain
| | - J Escobar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia Valencia, Spain
| | - L Sabater
- Department of Surgery, Universitary Clinic Hospital Valencia, Spain
| | - J García-de-la-Asuneión
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Universitary Clinic Hospital Valencia, Spain
| | - J Viña
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia Valencia, Spain
| | - J Sastre
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia Valencia, Spain
- Author for correspondence:
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Escobar J, Toepfer-Berg TL, Chen J, Van Alstine WG, Campbell JM, Johnson RW. Supplementing drinking water with Solutein did not mitigate acute morbidity effects of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in nursery pigs. J Anim Sci 2006; 84:2101-9. [PMID: 16864870 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2005-616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether providing nursery pigs drinking water supplemented with spray-dried animal plasma (Solutein, American Protein Corporation Inc., Ankeny, IA) would reduce the detrimental impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. Sixty-four pigs were subjected to 1 of 4 treatment combinations (2 x 2 factorial arrangement) of Solutein [0 or 2.5% (wt/wt) in drinking water] and PRRSV (sterile medium or 5 mL of tissue culture infectious dose of high-virulence strain ATCC VR-2385). Pigs were provided the water treatments during a 1-wk period before inoculation as well as during a 2-wk period after inoculation. Growth performance was determined throughout the study, and several indicators of the immunological response to PRRSV and disease pathology were assessed in blood and tissue samples collected from pigs killed 7 or 14 d after inoculation. Before inoculation, pigs provided water supplemented with Solutein tended to eat less (P = 0.08) but tended to gain more BW (P = 0.13) than pigs provided tap water. Thus, Solutein markedly improved G:F (P < 0.01), after accounting for the DM provided by Solutein. Inoculation with PRRSV reduced ADG and ADFI (P < 0.01) irrespective of water treatment; however, the beneficial effects of Solutein on G:F persisted. Infection with PRRSV also reduced (P < 0.009) villus height and crypt depth in cranial, medial, and caudal segments of the small intestine and increased (P < 0.05) lung and spleen weight, the number of leukocytes in lung lavage fluid, and serum concentrations of interferon-gamma and IL-1beta regardless of water treatment. Collectively, these results indicate that supplementing water with spray-dried animal plasma improved feed efficiency but did not afford nursery pigs protection from the effects of PRRSV on growth and certain hematological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Escobar
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
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Díaz S, Camilión C, Escobar J, Deferrari G, Roy S, Lacoste K, Demers S, Belzile C, Ferreyra G, Gianesella S, Gosselin M, Nozais C, Pelletier E, Schloss I, Vernet M. Simulation of Ozone Depletion Using Ambient Irradiance Supplemented with UV Lamps. Photochem Photobiol 2006; 82:857-64. [PMID: 17205620 DOI: 10.1562/2005-09-28-ra-700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In studies of the biological effects of UV radiation, ozone depletion can be mimicked by performing the study under ambient conditions and adding radiation with UV-B lamps. We evaluated this methodology at three different locations along a latitudinal gradient: Rimouski (Canada), Ubatuba (Brazil) and Ushuaia (Argentina). Experiments of the effect of potential ozone depletion on marine ecosystems were carried out in large outdoor enclosures (mesocosms). In all locations we simulated irradiances corresponding to 60% ozone depletion, which may produce a 130-1900% increase in 305 nm irradiance at noon, depending on site and season. Supplementation with a fixed percentage of ambient irradiance provides a better simulation of irradiance increase due to ozone depletion than supplementation with a fixed irradiance value, particularly near sunrise and sunset or under cloudy skies. Calculations performed for Ushuaia showed that, on very cloudy days, supplementation by the square-wave method may produce unrealistic irradiances. Differences between the spectra of the calculated supplementing irradiance and the lamp for a given site and date will be a function of the time of day and may become more or less pronounced according to the biological weighting function of the effect under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Díaz
- CADIC/CONICET, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina.
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Richwine AF, Godbout JP, Berg BM, Chen J, Escobar J, Millard DK, Johnson RW. Improved psychomotor performance in aged mice fed diet high in antioxidants is associated with reduced ex vivo brain interleukin-6 production. Brain Behav Immun 2005; 19:512-20. [PMID: 16214022 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2004.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2004] [Revised: 12/15/2004] [Accepted: 12/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychomotor performance is decreased in the aged. This study investigated the relationship between brain oxidative stress, interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by brain tissue ex vivo and psychomotor deficits during aging, and the effects of feeding an antioxidant-rich diet on ex vivo brain IL-6 production and motor function in aged mice. Male BALBc mice reared in SPF conditions and ranging in age from 3 to 24 months were studied. There was a precipitous decline in motor function after 12 months of age and an increase in brain lipid peroxidation and IL-6 production by coronal brain slices ex vivo. In another study, 12-month-old mice were fed diets formulated to provide a disparate range of antioxidants. At 18 months of age psychomotor coordination, motor learning, and ex vivo brain IL-6 production were evaluated. Mice fed an antioxidant-rich diet had improved psychomotor coordination compared to mice fed diet adequate or low in antioxidants. When mice were tested on successive days, only those fed adequate and high antioxidants exhibited motor learning. Analysis of IL-6 production by coronal brain slices indicated that as dietary antioxidants increased, IL-6 production decreased. Collectively, these data indicate that antioxidants improve psychomotor performance in aged mice, and suggest antioxidants may be useful for reducing brain IL-6 production, which has been shown to increase in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Richwine
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Barrera M, Viniegra M, Escobar J, Vrinat M, de los Reyes J, Murrieta F, García J. Highly active MoS2 on wide-pore ZrO2–TiO2 mixed oxides. Catal Today 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2004.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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