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He R, Mowery SA, Chabenne J, Finan B, Mayer JP, DiMarchi RD. A Facile Procedure for One-Pot Stable Conjugation of Two Proglucagon Cysteine-Containing Peptide Analogs. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:693958. [PMID: 34484114 PMCID: PMC8416343 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.693958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimization of peptides for therapeutic purposes often includes chemical conjugation or modification with substituents that serve to broaden pharmacology or improve pharmacokinetics. We report a convenient and rapid procedure for one-pot, site-specific conjugation of two cysteine-containing peptides that utilizes a bivalent linker comprising maleimide and iodoacetyl functional groups. Following maleimide-mediated peptide conjugation the linker was converted from an unstable thiosuccinimide to a stable thioether bond suitable for biological study by mild aqueous hydrolysis. The procedure is exemplified by peptide-peptide, peptide-small molecule, and peptide-fatty acid conjugations. The method provides a facile approach to search for enhanced biological outcomes through additive and sustained peptide pharmacology unencumbered by the prospect of chemical rearrangement in the course of biological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjun He
- Novo Nordisk Research Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Joseph Chabenne
- Novo Nordisk Research Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Brian Finan
- Novo Nordisk Research Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - John P. Mayer
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Richard D. DiMarchi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Richard D. DiMarchi,
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Kim T, Holleman CL, Nason S, Arble DM, Ottaway N, Chabenne J, Loyd C, Kim JA, Sandoval D, Drucker DJ, DiMarchi R, Perez-Tilve D, Habegger KM. Hepatic Glucagon Receptor Signaling Enhances Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Disposal in Rodents. Diabetes 2018; 67:2157-2166. [PMID: 30150304 PMCID: PMC6198333 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon receptor (GCGR) agonists cause hyperglycemia but also weight loss. However, GCG-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R)/GCGR mixed agonists do not exhibit the diabetogenic effects often attributed to GCGR activity. Thus, we sought to investigate the effect of glucagon agonism on insulin action and glucose homeostasis. Acute GCGR agonism induced immediate hyperglycemia, followed by improved glucose tolerance and enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Moreover, acute GCGR agonism improved insulin tolerance in a dose-dependent manner in both lean and obese mice. Improved insulin tolerance was independent of GLP1R, FGF21, and hepatic glycogenolysis. Moreover, we observed increased glucose infusion rate, disposal, uptake, and suppressed endogenous glucose production during euglycemic clamps. Mice treated with insulin and GCGR agonist had enhanced phosphorylation of hepatic AKT at Ser473; this effect was reproduced in isolated mouse primary hepatocytes and resulted in increased AKT kinase activity. These data reveal that GCGR agonism enhances glucose tolerance, in part, by augmenting insulin action, with implications for the use of GCGR agonism in therapeutic strategies for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teayoun Kim
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Cassie L Holleman
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Shelly Nason
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Deanna M Arble
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Nickki Ottaway
- Metabolic Diseases Institute and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Christine Loyd
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jeong-A Kim
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Daniel J Drucker
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard DiMarchi
- Novo Nordisk Research Center, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Diego Perez-Tilve
- Metabolic Diseases Institute and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Kirk M Habegger
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Clemmensen C, Chabenne J, Finan B, Sullivan L, Fischer K, Küchler D, Sehrer L, Ograjsek T, Hofmann SM, Schriever SC, Pfluger PT, Pinkstaff J, Tschöp MH, Dimarchi R, Müller TD. GLP-1/glucagon coagonism restores leptin responsiveness in obese mice chronically maintained on an obesogenic diet. Diabetes 2014; 63:1422-7. [PMID: 24379349 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported restoration of leptin responsiveness in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice using a pharmacologically optimized, polyethylene-glycolated (PEG)-leptin analog in combination with exendin-4 or FGF21. However, the return of leptin action required discontinuation of high-fat diet (HFD) exposure. Here we assess whether a single peptide possessing balanced coagonism at the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucagon receptors can restore leptin responsiveness in DIO mice maintained on a HFD. DIO mice were treated with PEG-GLP-1/glucagon (30 nmol/kg every fourth day) to induce an ∼15% body weight loss, upon which they were randomized to continue PEG-GLP-1/glucagon therapy or reassigned to receive supplemental daily PEG-leptin (185 nmol/kg/day). The addition of PEG-leptin to PEG-GLP-1/glucagon resulted in an ∼18% greater weight loss as compared with PEG-GLP-1/glucagon alone and was accompanied by further decreases in food intake and improved glucose and lipid metabolism. The beneficial effect of PEG-leptin supplementation occurred after an initial body weight loss similar to what we previously reported following reduced dietary fat along with PEG-leptin and exendin-4 or FGF21 cotreatment. In summary, we report that GLP-1/glucagon coagonism restores leptin responsiveness in mice maintained on a HFD, thus emphasizing the translational value of this polypharmacotherapy for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Clemmensen
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Chabenne J, Chabenne MD, Zhao Y, Levy J, Smiley D, Gelfanov V, Dimarchi R. A glucagon analog chemically stabilized for immediate treatment of life-threatening hypoglycemia. Mol Metab 2014; 3:293-300. [PMID: 24749059 PMCID: PMC3986664 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For more than half a century glucagon has been used as a critical care medicine in the treatment of life-threatening hypoglycemia. It is commercially supplied as a lyophilized powder intended to be solubilized in dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid immediately prior to administration. We have envisioned a “ready-to-use” glucagon as a drug of more immediate and likely use. Through a series of iterative changes in the native sequence we have identified glucagon analogs of appreciably enhanced aqueous solubility at physiological pH, and of chemical stability suitable for routine medicinal use. The superior biophysical properties were achieved in part through adjustment of the isoelectric point by use of a C-terminal Asp-Glu dipeptide. The native glutamines at positions 3, 20 and 24 as well as the methionine at 27 were substituted with amino acids of enhanced chemical stability, as directed by a full alanine scan of the native hormone. Of utmost additional importance was the dramatically enhanced stability of the peptide when Ser16 was substituted with alpha,aminoisobutyric acid (Aib), a substitution that stabilizes peptide secondary structure. The collective set of changes yield glucagon analogs of comparable in vitro and in vivo biological character to native hormone but with biophysical properties much more suitable for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Chabenne
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | | | - Yan Zhao
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jay Levy
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - David Smiley
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Vasily Gelfanov
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Richard Dimarchi
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Massoud W, Eschwege P, Hajj P, Awad A, Iaaza LA, Chabenne J, Hammoudi Y, Droupy S, Benoit G. Hydronephrosis secondary to sliding inguinal hernia containing the ureter. Urol J 2011; 8:333-334. [PMID: 22090058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Walid Massoud
- Department of Urology, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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Massoud W, Hajj P, Awad A, Chabenne J, Eschwege P, Droupy S, Hammoudi Y, Benoît G. External genitalia entrapment: a case report. Urol J 2010; 7:136-137. [PMID: 20535704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Walid Massoud
- Urology Department, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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Massoud W, Saheb N, Iliescu B, Kreitmann L, Chabenne J, Campeggi A, Molinie V, Baumert H. [Giant retroperitoneal hydatid cyst]. Prog Urol 2009; 19:442-5. [PMID: 19467467 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2008] [Revised: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydatidosis is an endemic, widely distributed anthropozoonosis, which involves the liver, lung and other organs [Int J Urol 13 (2006) 76-9]. We reported the case of a large retroperitoneal hydatid cyst, which is a rare situation [Hepatogastroenterology 48 (2001) 1037-9; Int Urol Nephrol 32 (2000) 41-6; J Urol (Paris) 94 (1988) 445-8]. Diagnosis was suspected with blood tests and radiological examinations. A wide incision in the right iliac fossa (such in renal graft) was performed. The cyst wall was excised partially. Before, during and following the operation, the patient was given albendazole tablets (15mg/kg per day) for 3 weeks (1 week before and 2 weeks after the surgery) with blood count and liver enzyme monitorization. Especially in the endemic areas, hydatid cyst should be remembered when evaluating cystic masses in the retroperitoneum. It can be treated successfully with surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Massoud
- Service d'urologie, CHU de Bicêtre, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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