1
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Umapathysivam MM, Morgan B, Inglis JM, Meyer E, Liew D, Thiruvenkatarajan V, Jesudason D. SGLT2 Inhibitor-Associated Ketoacidosis vs Type 1 Diabetes-Associated Ketoacidosis. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e242744. [PMID: 38497966 PMCID: PMC10949093 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.2744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This cohort study examines the natural history and response to treatment of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor–associated ketoacidosis compared with that of type 1 diabetes–associated ketoacidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh M. Umapathysivam
- Southern Adelaide Diabetes and Endocrine Services, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Endocrine Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
- Endocrine Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bethany Morgan
- Endocrine Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
- Endocrine Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joshua M. Inglis
- Endocrine Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emily Meyer
- Endocrine Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
- Endocrine Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Danny Liew
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - David Jesudason
- Endocrine Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
- Endocrine Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Basil Hetzel Institute Woodville, South Australia, Australia
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2
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Lee WI, Lam L, Bacchi S, Jiang M, Inglis JM, Smith W, Hissaria P. Antibiotic prophylaxis in immunosuppressed patients - Missed opportunities from trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole allergy label. World Allergy Organ J 2024; 17:100856. [PMID: 38235260 PMCID: PMC10793173 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is a broad spectrum antibiotic in use for more than 50 years. It has an important indication as first line agent in the prophylaxis of opportunistic infections, particularly Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), in immunosuppressed patients. For those who have a history of allergy or severe intolerance to TMP-SMX, pentamidine, dapsone or atovaquone may be substituted; however there is evidence that TMP-SMX offers superior coverage for PJP, toxoplasmosis, and nocardiosis. Compared to pentamidine, it has the added benefit of cost-effectiveness and self-administration as opposed to required hospital attendance for administration. Many patients who report a history of allergy or adverse reaction to TMP-SMX (or "sulfur allergy") will be found not to be allergic; and even those who are allergic may be able to be desensitized. The evaluation and, where appropriate, removal of TMP-SMX allergy label enables the use of TMP-SMX for prophylaxis against opportunistic infections. This is a cost-effective intervention to optimize antimicrobial prescribing and reduce the risk of opportunistic infections in immunosuppressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-I Lee
- Department of Immunology, The Canberra Hospital, Yamba Drive, Garran, ACT, 2605, Australia
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Lydia Lam
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Stephen Bacchi
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Melinda Jiang
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Joshua M. Inglis
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
- Flinders Medical Centre and University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - William Smith
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Pravin Hissaria
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology, Frome Rd, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
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3
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Al Naji H, Inglis JM, Tucker E, Rowett D, Larcombe R, Medlin S, Mangoni AA, Thynne T. Prescribing of antivirals for COVID-19 in a South Australian local health network according to statewide guidelines. Intern Med J 2024; 54:183-186. [PMID: 38267381 DOI: 10.1111/imj.16254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Antiviral drugs were rapidly implemented into clinical practice for the treatment of high-risk patients with COVID-19, prompting the development of statewide guidelines. This South-Australian study reviewed guideline adherence, assessed prescribing patterns and highlighted the inappropriate management of relative drug-drug interactions and dosing for renal function. Additionally, it evaluated the impact of inappropriate antiviral drug use and suggested methods to improve quality use of medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Al Naji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joshua M Inglis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emily Tucker
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Debra Rowett
- Drug and Therapeutics Information Service, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rebecca Larcombe
- Pharmacy Services, Flinders Medical Centre, SA Pharmacy, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sophie Medlin
- Pharmacy Services, Flinders Medical Centre, SA Pharmacy, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tilenka Thynne
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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4
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Koopowitz SM, Arnold M, Inglis JM, Hon K, Vanlint A, Koopowitz LF, O'Callaghan G. A community of practice to address system-based issues and promote clinical leadership among trainee medical officers in a large public health service: an evaluation of a trainee-led forum. AUST HEALTH REV 2023; 47:667-670. [PMID: 37899271 DOI: 10.1071/ah23182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Clinical leadership is necessary to improve the performance of large public hospitals. Trainee medical officers (TMOs) are important stakeholders in organisation-wide initiatives that affect the medical workforce and support clinician engagement. This case study describes the development of a representative body known as the 'TMO Forum' within the Central Adelaide Local Health Network as a mechanism to promote engagement between medical trainees and the hospital executive to facilitate escalation and discussion of system-based issues. Over the past 8 years, this group has evolved into a community of practice with steady and sustained growth since inception. Trainees have fostered relationships with the executive, and have engaged in leadership and quality improvement initiatives. Here we explore the evolution, value and barriers to success of the TMO Forum. Our discussion is supplemented with findings from anonymous online evaluation surveys of both the TMO and executive stakeholder groups. We propose that initiatives such as the described may offer reciprocal benefits to both constituent groups regarding communication, and that the development of a dedicated community of practice will enhance engagement of TMOs in health service improvement initiatives and advocacy. However, there are obstacles to overcome in order to attract a greater number of trainees and maximise the benefits from this initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Arnold
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joshua M Inglis
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Road, Adelaide, SA, Australia; and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; and College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kay Hon
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Road, Adelaide, SA, Australia; and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew Vanlint
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Road, Adelaide, SA, Australia; and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; and College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; and Medical Services Division, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Leslie F Koopowitz
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gerry O'Callaghan
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Road, Adelaide, SA, Australia; and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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5
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Stretton B, Jiang M, Kovoor J, Inglis JM, Lam L, Tan S, Yuson C, Smith W, Shakib S, Bacchi S. Artificial intelligence-enabled penicillin allergy delabelling: an implementation study. Intern Med J 2023; 53:2119-2122. [PMID: 37997266 DOI: 10.1111/imj.16266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Inaccurate penicillin allergy labels may be delabelled following evaluation. The intervention in this study was an email-based notification system regarding the appropriateness for penicillin allergy evaluation, with a view to delabelling, as identified by a deep learning artificial intelligence algorithm. Of the intervention group (n = 59), three (5.1%) individuals had their penicillin allergies delabelled, which was significantly more than the control group (0%, P = 0.002). Further research to optimise such approaches is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Stretton
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Health and Information, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Melinda Jiang
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joshua Kovoor
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Health and Information, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joshua M Inglis
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lydia Lam
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Health and Information, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sheryn Tan
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Health and Information, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Chino Yuson
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - William Smith
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sepehr Shakib
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen Bacchi
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Health and Information, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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6
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Lam L, Jiang M, Bacchi S, Kovoor J, Inglis JM, Shakib S, Yuson C, Smith W. Prevalence of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Adverse Reaction Mislabelling in Australia. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2023; 184:1225-1229. [PMID: 37673046 DOI: 10.1159/000531975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is an important antibiotic, with the most compelling indications for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus treatment. Previous adverse reactions (AR) to TMP-SMX may limit the usability of TMP-SMX. Electronic medical record (EMR) of AR for other antibiotics has previously been shown to be inaccurate; however, the extent to which this occurs for TMP-SMX is unknown. METHODS A multi-centre retrospective observational study was conducted for consecutive inpatient admissions over a 2.5-year period commencing 2020. Adverse reactions to TMP-SMX recorded in the EMR were collected and reviewed by two independent medical officers using pre-defined expert criteria for the classification of allergies and intolerances. RESULTS TMP-SMX AR were present in the EMR of 759 individuals (prevalence 0.6%). The majority were labelled as allergy (725, 95.5%) rather than intolerance (34, 4.5%). Most common AR were rash, vomiting, and swelling. When classified against the gold-standard expert criteria, there were 437 allergies (57.6%) and 159 intolerances (21.0%). Overall, the number of incorrect EMR AR labels was 133/759 (17.5%). Both medical and surgical specialties had significant numbers of patients with TMP-SMX AR labels and incorrectly classified EMR AR labels. CONCLUSION TMP-SMX AR labels affect inpatients admitted under multiple specialty units. The user-entered categorization as allergy or intolerance labels in EMRs are frequently used incorrectly. These incorrect labels may inappropriately contraindicate the use of TMP-SMX, and formal evaluation of TMP-SMX ARs with immunological assessment and relabelling where appropriate may increase the use of this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Lam
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Melinda Jiang
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Immunology and Allergy Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen Bacchi
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joshua Kovoor
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joshua M Inglis
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sepehr Shakib
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Carlo Yuson
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - William Smith
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Immunology and Allergy Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Abstract
Blocking a protein known as EPAC1 may prevent the development of heart-related side effects caused by a chemotherapy drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Inglis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
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8
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Inglis JM, Kichenadasse G, Mangoni AA. Current and emerging medications for the management of obesity in adults. Med J Aust 2023; 219:187. [PMID: 37402484 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Inglis
- Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA
- Flinders University, Adelaide, SA
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA
| | | | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA
- Flinders University, Adelaide, SA
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9
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Inglis JM, Bacchi S, Troelnikov A, Smith W, Shakib S. Machine learning models automate classification of penicillin adverse drug reaction labels. Intern Med J 2023; 53:1485-1488. [PMID: 37599225 DOI: 10.1111/imj.16194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the appropriate evaluation of penicillin adverse drug reaction (ADR) labels. We have developed machine learning models for classifying penicillin ADR labels using free-text reaction descriptions, and here report external and practical validation. The models performed comparably with expert criteria for the categorisation of allergy or intolerance and identification of high-risk allergies. These models have practical applications in detecting individuals suitable for penicillin ADR evaluation. Implementation studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Inglis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen Bacchi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alexander Troelnikov
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - William Smith
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sepehr Shakib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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10
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Thiruvenkatarajan V, Inglis JM, Meyer E, Umapathysivam MM, Nanjappa N, Van Wijk R, Jesudason D. Peri-colonoscopy Implications of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Therapy: A Mini-review of Available Evidence. Can J Diabetes 2023; 47:287-291. [PMID: 36739255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a class of oral glucose-lowering agents commonly used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. With increased use, there has been an increase in the incidence of the rare but life-threatening complication of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis. A common but underappreciated precipitant is colonoscopy. In this work, we outline the pathophysiology of the interaction between colonoscopy and SGLT2i use, the evidence regarding SGLT2i use in the periprocedural setting and Australian Diabetes Society guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesan Thiruvenkatarajan
- Department of Anaesthesia, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, South Australia, Australia; Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Basil Hetzel Institute, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Joshua M Inglis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emily Meyer
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mahesh M Umapathysivam
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nagesh Nanjappa
- Department of Anaesthesia, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, South Australia, Australia; Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Basil Hetzel Institute, South Australia, Australia
| | - Roelof Van Wijk
- Department of Anaesthesia, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, South Australia, Australia; Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Basil Hetzel Institute, South Australia, Australia
| | - David Jesudason
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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11
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Inglis JM, Yuson C, Smith W. Recording and communicating opioid adverse drug reactions is an important element of opioid stewardship. Intern Med J 2023; 53:454. [PMID: 36972987 DOI: 10.1111/imj.16028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Inglis
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Carlo Yuson
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - William Smith
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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12
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Umapathysivam MM, Inglis JM, Morgan B, Meyer E, Thiruvenkatarajan V, Jesudason D. Letter to the Editor: Response to Hamblin et al body mass index is inversely associated with capillary ketones at the time of colonoscopy: Implications for SGLT2i use. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2023; 98:449-451. [PMID: 35234304 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh M Umapathysivam
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joshua M Inglis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bethany Morgan
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emily Meyer
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Venkatesan Thiruvenkatarajan
- Department of Anaesthesia, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, South Australia and Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Basil Hetzel Institute, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - David Jesudason
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Basil Hetzel Institute, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
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13
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Jiang M, Bacchi S, Lam L, Inglis JM, Gluck S, Smith W, Gilbert T. Antibiotic Prescribing Practices Differ between Patients with Penicillin Intolerance and Penicillin Allergy Labels. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2023; 184:171-175. [PMID: 36380659 DOI: 10.1159/000526424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Penicillin allergy labels are common. However, many penicillin allergy labels have been applied incorrectly and in fact represent penicillin intolerance. Patients with penicillin intolerance can receive penicillin antibiotics. The effect of penicillin intolerance labels on prescribing practices is uncertain. METHODS This multicenter retrospective cohort study included consecutive general medicine patients admitted to two tertiary hospitals over a 12-month period. Electronic medical records were reviewed for allergy and prescribing practices. Instances of penicillin prescription to patients with previously labeled penicillin allergies underwent case note review. RESULTS There were 12,134 individual hospital admissions included in the study. The number of admissions with a previous penicillin allergy label was 1,312 (10.8%) and with a penicillin intolerance label was 60 (0.5%). Penicillin allergy labels were associated with increased likelihood of being prescribed vancomycin (odds ratio 1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.16-1.75, p = 0.001) and moxifloxacin (odds ratio 20.0, 95% confidence interval 13.4-29.9, p < 0.001). Penicillin intolerance was not associated with increased likelihood of receiving these antibiotics. There were 75 admissions during which an individual with a penicillin allergy label was prescribed one of the specified penicillins and only one adverse reaction in this group. These cases included eight deliberate challenges and 15 cases in which allergy history clarification was sufficient to delabel the allergy. CONCLUSIONS This study supports that prescribing practices differ between patients with penicillin allergy labels and intolerance labels. Penicillin challenges may be undertaken safely in the inpatient setting. Further studies are required to investigate how best to interrogate penicillin allergy labels in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen Bacchi
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lydia Lam
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joshua M Inglis
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Samuel Gluck
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - William Smith
- Department of Immunology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Toby Gilbert
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of General Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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14
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Inglis JM, Caughey GE, Smith W, Shakib S. Documentation of adverse drug reactions to opioids in an electronic health record. Intern Med J 2021; 51:1490-1496. [PMID: 33465262 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergy to opioids is the second most common drug allergy label in electronic health records (EHR). Adverse drug reactions (ADR) to opioids cause significant morbidity and contribute to healthcare costs, while incorrect opioid allergy labels may unnecessarily complicate patient management. AIMS To examine the documentation of opioid ADR in a large-scale hospital-based EHR. METHODS A cross-sectional retrospective review of EHR documentation of opioid ADR at four public hospitals in South Australia was conducted. Data were extracted from all ADR entries including the reported allergen, ADR category (allergy or intolerance) and reaction details. Expert criteria were used to determine consistency of ADR categorisation as allergy or intolerance. RESULTS Of 86 727 unique ADR reports, there were 13 781 ADR to opioids with most being entered as allergy (n = 8913, 64.7%) rather than intolerance (n = 4868, 35.3%). The most commonly documented reactions were nausea/vomiting (n = 3912, 28%), rash (n = 647, 5%), itch (n = 642, 5%) and hallucinations (n = 527, 4%). There were 362 (3%) ADR labels of anaphylaxis. Of those ADR containing a reaction description (n = 11 868), 89% of reports entered as allergy had a reaction description that was consistent with intolerance and 8% of the entered intolerances had descriptions consistent with allergy when assessed using predefined criteria. CONCLUSIONS This large EHR-based study demonstrates the high rate of opioid ADR labels in EHR. The majority of these labels were for symptoms suggestive of pharmacological intolerance. Reactions consistent with true allergy were uncommon. Systematic review of ADR by a dedicated clinical service would improve the accuracy of documentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Inglis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gillian E Caughey
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Registry of Senior Australians, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - William Smith
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sepehr Shakib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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15
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Abstract
A 55-year-old man presented with severe right upper quadrant abdominal pain and hypertension up to 231/171 mm Hg on a background of a known adrenal mass, intravenous drug use and recurrent anxiety attacks. CT showed heterogenous lesion of the right adrenal gland but the sudden severe pain remained unexplained. After correction of the blood pressure with analgesia and antihypertensives, the patient developed a type 2 non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction that was treated with aspirin and therapeutic enoxaparin. This resulted in worsening pain and a repeat CT angiogram showed a haemoretroperitoneum around the right adrenal lesion. On review, an occult intra-adrenal haemorrhage was identified on the initial CT scan. Presumably this concealed haemorrhage caused the initial pain crisis and later decompressed into the retroperitoneal space. Raised metanephrine levels confirmed the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and after preoperative optimisation with phenoxybenzamine, an open right adrenalectomy was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Lambrecht
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joshua M Inglis
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert Young
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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16
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Inglis JM, Tan J. Scurvy presenting as lower limb ecchymoses in the setting of metastatic colorectal cancer. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/12/e237507. [PMID: 33370932 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 58-year-old woman presented with a 1-week history of lower limb bruising. She had a medical history of recurrent metastatic colon cancer with a sigmoid colectomy and complete pelvic exenteration leading to colostomy and urostomy formation. She had malignant sacral mass encroaching on the spinal cord. This caused a left-sided foot drop for which she used an ankle-foot orthosis. She was on cetuximab and had received radiotherapy to the sacral mass 1 month ago. On examination, there were macular ecchymoses with petechiae on the lower limbs. There was sparing of areas that had been compressed by the ankle-foot orthosis. Bloods showed mild thrombocytopaenia and anaemia with markedly raised inflammatory markers. Coagulation studies consistent with inflammation rather than disseminated intravascular coagulation. She was found to have Klebsiella bacteraemia secondary to urinary source. Skin biopsy showed dermal haemorrhage without vessel inflammation. Vitamin C levels were low confirming the diagnosis of scurvy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Inglis
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia .,Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jia Tan
- Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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17
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Foreman C, Le TTA, Inglis JM, Smith WB. Penicillin allergy labeling on medical alert jewelry. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020; 124:627-629. [PMID: 32188565 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Foreman
- Medical HQ Glynde, Glynde, South Australia, Australia; The Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Thanh-Thao Adriana Le
- The Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joshua M Inglis
- The Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - William Bernard Smith
- The Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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18
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Caughey GE, Shakib S, Inglis JM, Le TT, Yuson CL, Smith WB. External validation of beta-lactam antibiotic allergy assessment tools: implications for clinical practice and workforce capacity. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2019; 7:2094-2095. [PMID: 31279471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian E Caughey
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Sepehr Shakib
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joshua M Inglis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Thanh-Thao Le
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Carlo L Yuson
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - William B Smith
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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19
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Inglis JM, Wood NK. Breaking the routine of peripheral venous catheter replacement. Intern Med J 2018; 48:606. [PMID: 29722195 DOI: 10.1111/imj.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Inglis
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicola K Wood
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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20
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Inglis JM, Caughey GE, Smith W, Shakib S. Documentation of penicillin adverse drug reactions in electronic health records: inconsistent use of allergy and intolerance labels. Intern Med J 2017; 47:1292-1297. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Inglis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Gillian E. Caughey
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - William Smith
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Sepehr Shakib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
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21
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Kremer KL, Smith AE, Sandeman L, Inglis JM, Ridding MC, Koblar SA. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Human Adult Stem Cells in the Mammalian Brain. Front Neural Circuits 2016; 10:17. [PMID: 27013982 PMCID: PMC4794489 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The burden of stroke on the community is growing, and therefore, so is the need for a therapy to overcome the disability following stroke. Cellular-based therapies are being actively investigated at a pre-clinical and clinical level. Studies have reported the beneficial effects of exogenous stem cell implantation, however, these benefits are also associated with limited survival of implanted stem cells. This exploratory study investigated the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a complementary therapy to increase stem cell survival following implantation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) in the rodent cortex. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and injected with 6 × 105 DPSC or control media via an intracranial injection, and then received real TMS (TMS0.2 Hz) or sham TMS (TMSsham) every 2nd day beginning on day 3 post DPSC injection for 2 weeks. Brain sections were analyzed for the survival, migration and differentiation characteristics of the implanted cells. Results: In animals treated with DPSC and TMS0.2 Hz there were significantly less implanted DPSC and those that survived remained in the original cerebral hemisphere compared to animals that received TMSsham. The surviving implanted DPSC in TMS0.2 Hz were also found to express the apoptotic marker Caspase-3. Conclusions: We suggest that TMS at this intensity may cause an increase in glutamate levels, which promotes an unfavorable environment for stem cell implantation, proliferation and differentiation. It should be noted that only one paradigm of TMS was tested as this was conducted as a exploratory study, and further TMS paradigms should be investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlea L Kremer
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The Robinson Research Institute, The University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia; School of Medicine, The Stroke Research Programme, The University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ashleigh E Smith
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The Robinson Research Institute, The University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Science, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South AustraliaAdelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lauren Sandeman
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The Robinson Research Institute, The University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia; School of Medicine, The Stroke Research Programme, The University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joshua M Inglis
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The Robinson Research Institute, The University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia; School of Medicine, The Stroke Research Programme, The University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael C Ridding
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Simon A Koblar
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The Robinson Research Institute, The University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia; School of Medicine, The Stroke Research Programme, The University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
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22
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Abstract
We describe the incidence of respiratory viruses identified in children admitted to an Edinburgh hospital between October 1985 and July 1994. Respiratory syncytial (RS) virus, influenza viruses and parainfluenza viruses showed seasonal activity whereas adenoviruses and rhinoviruses did not. Parainfluenza viruses were the most changeable in their epidemiological behaviour and RS virus the least.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Winter
- Regional Virus Laboratory, City Hospital, Edinburgh, U.K
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23
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Shearman MJ, Cubie HA, Inglis JM. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: early diagnosis by detection of specific IgM by immunofluorescence. Br J Biomed Sci 1993; 50:305-8. [PMID: 8130690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
An indirect immunofluorescent antibody test for early detection of IgM antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae is described, using sera from which IgG antibodies have been removed. The results over a five-year period were studied and compared with complement fixation testing and isolation of the organism. During the epidemic season of November 1990 to April 1991, the immunofluorescent IgM test was used as a first-line test on specimens taken both early and late in the illness to provide a simple, inexpensive and clinically useful test, with 151 positive results being obtained from 886 sera tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Shearman
- Regional Virus Laboratory, City Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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24
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Abstract
AIMS--To compare the sensitivity, specificity, and practicality of recombinant proteins in serological tests for the detection of human parvovirus B19 IgG and IgM. METHODS--Indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assays using B19 structural proteins expressed in Escherichia coli were developed for the detection of B19 specific IgG and IgM (rELISA-G and rELISA-M). Cells infected with baculovirus expressing B19 structural proteins were also used in an indirect immunofluorescence assay for IgG and IgM antibodies (IFA-G and IFA-M). Antibody capture radioimmunoassays for IgG and IgM (GACRIA and MACRIA) were used as comparative assays. RESULTS--Twenty nine pools of intravenous immunoglobulin were clearly positive for B19 IgG by rELISA-G and contained low IgG titres by GACRIA. From 113 samples tested by all methods, sensitivities of 92% (77/84) and 97% (68/70) were obtained for ELISA and immunofluorescence, respectively, when compared with GACRIA. One hundred and sixteen samples from patients presenting with rash or arthralgia were compared by MACRIA, rELISA-M, and IFA-M. Sensitivities of both recombinant tests were more than 95%. Despite pretreatment to remove IgG or rheumatoid factor, false positive results were a problem in the rELISA-M but were not seen with the IFA-M. CONCLUSIONS--The limited supply of native antigen has severely restricted the wide application of serology for parvovirus B19. The use of recombinant antigens permitted the introduction of local screening tests which had many advantages, including quicker results and relief of the burden on the Reference Laboratory. The use of rELISA-M for sensitivity and IFA-M for specificity and confirmation proved a useful and practical combination for diagnosis of recent infection with B19, and rELISA-G allowed the immune response to be determined in selected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Cubie
- Regional Virus Laboratory, City Hospital, Edinburgh
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25
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Abstract
Direct detection of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus antigen in nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) provides the most rapid diagnostic test for RS infection, but more sensitive methods might be more beneficial in the study of virus shedding. RS virus RNA was extracted from cells stored at -70 degrees C either in suspension with added RNAse inhibitor or as a pellet without inhibitor. The RNA was reverse transcribed, the resultant cDNA amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and detected by ethidium bromide staining after electrophoresis through agarose gel (RT-PCR). Of 217 specimens tested, 106 were positive by antigen detection, 99 by RT-PCR, and 92 by virus isolation. In a series of 97 sequential NPS specimens from 15 infants in whom RS virus induced bronchiolitis was confirmed, antigen detection proved most sensitive in the first week after onset and RT-PCR detected most positive specimens in the second week. Storage of the cells as a pellet proved more satisfactory than storage as a suspension. A further round of amplification using nested primers increased the number of positive results obtained by RT-PCR. The sensitivity of antigen detection using directly labelled monoclonal antibody to RS virus was slightly higher than that of RT-PCR, but the specificity was slightly lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Cubie
- Regional Virus Laboratory, City Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
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26
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Wannan GJ, Cranefield MJ, Cutting WA, Fischer PR, Hargreaves FD, Inglis JM. How many bloods will a 'HIVCHEK' check? Multiple tests for HIV antibody for a single screening kit. Trop Doct 1992; 22:151-4. [PMID: 1440880 DOI: 10.1177/004947559202200403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Detection of HIV infection in blood donors or populations is usually by testing sera for antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2. Screening tests are now highly sensitive and specific, but still expensive and scarce in Africa. We tested the commercially available kits 'HIVCHEK 1 + 2' in two field laboratories, on specimens from blood donors and antenatal women in rural Zaire. We describe a method of using one test kit for up to five serum samples, saving money and time. In 491 antenatal mothers in Eastern Zaire, among whom the HIV seroprevalence was 3.3%, we compared 'HIVCHEK' results with results obtained by ELISA and Western blot. The 'HIVCHEK' multiple-sample method had a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 99.6%. In an area with an HIV seroprevalence of < 4%, using 'HIVCHEK' by the multiple sample method would lead to a saving of about 2,400 pounds for every 1000 individuals tested.
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27
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Goldberg DJ, MacKinnon H, Smith R, Patel NB, Scrimgeour JB, Inglis JM, Peutherer JF, Urquhart GE, Emslie JA, Covell RG. Prevalence of HIV among childbearing women and women having termination of pregnancy: multidisciplinary steering group study. BMJ 1992; 304:1082-5. [PMID: 1586820 PMCID: PMC1881927 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.304.6834.1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of HIV among pregnant women, in particular those whose behaviour or that of their partners put them at "low risk" of infection. DESIGN Voluntary named or anonymous HIV testing of pregnant women during 21 months (November 1988 to July 1990). SUBJECTS AND SETTING All women who planned to continue their pregnancy and attended clinics serving the antenatal populations of Edinburgh and Dundee. All women admitted for termination of pregnancy to gynaecology wards serving the pregnant populations of Dundee and outlying rural areas. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Period prevalence of HIV antibody positivity. RESULTS 91% of antenatal clinic attenders and 97% of women having termination of pregnancy agreed to HIV testing on a named or anonymous basis. HIV period prevalences for antenatal clinic attenders and women having termination of pregnancy tested in Dundee were 0.13% and 0.85% respectively, and for antenatal clinic attenders tested in Edinburgh 0.26%. For those at "low risk" rates for antenatal clinic attenders and women having termination of pregnancy in Dundee were 0.11% and 0.13%, and for antenatal clinic attenders in Edinburgh 0.02%. In Dundee HIV prevalence among women having a termination of pregnancy (0.85%) was significantly greater than that among antenatal clinic attenders (0.13%). CONCLUSIONS HIV infection is undoubtedly occurring among women at "low risk," and it is clear that a policy of selective testing of those at only "high risk" is inadequate for pregnant women living in areas of high prevalence such as Edinburgh and Dundee. Moreover, when studying pregnant populations in such areas there is the need to include those having a termination of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Goldberg
- Communicable Diseases (Scotland) Unit, Ruchill Hospital, Glasgow
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28
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Raza MW, Blackwell CC, Molyneaux P, James VS, Ogilvie MM, Inglis JM, Weir DM. Association between secretor status and respiratory viral illness. BMJ 1991; 303:815-8. [PMID: 1932971 PMCID: PMC1671169 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.303.6806.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether non-secretion of blood group antigens is associated with respiratory virus diseases. DESIGN Study of secretor status in patients with respiratory virus diseases determined by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) developed to identify Lewis (Le) blood group antigen phenotypes (Le(a) non-secretor; Le(b) secretor). SUBJECTS Patients aged 1 month to 90 years in hospital with respiratory virus diseases (584 nasal specimens). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Criteria for validation of ELISA (congruence between results on ELISA testing of 1155 saliva samples from a previous study and previously established results on haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) testing, proportions of Le(a), Le(b), and Le- phenotypes in 872 samples of nasal washings from a previous study compared with the normal population). Secretor status of patients determined by ELISA and viruses isolated. RESULTS Agreement between HAI and ELISA for 1155 saliva samples was 97%. Lewis antigens were detected by ELISA in 854 (97.9%) of nasal washings (Le(a) 233 (26.7%), Le(b) 621 (71.2%), and Le- 18 (2.1%)) in proportions predicted for a northern European population. Secretors were significantly overrepresented among patients from whom influenza viruses A and B (55/64, 86%; p less than 0.025), rhinoviruses (63/72, 88%; p less than 0.01), respiratory syncytial virus (97/109, 89%; p less than 0.0005), and echoviruses (44/44, p less than 0.0005) had been isolated compared with the distribution of secretors in the local population. CONCLUSION Secretion of blood group antigens is associated with respiratory virus diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Raza
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Edinburgh Medical School
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29
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Cubie HA, Inglis JM, McGowan AM. Detection of respiratory syncytial virus antigen and nucleic acid in clinical specimens using synthetic oligonucleotides. J Virol Methods 1991; 34:27-35. [PMID: 1955489 DOI: 10.1016/0166-0934(91)90118-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rapid detection of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus in nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) was carried out on cytospin cell preparations using a directly labelled monoclonal antiserum to RS virus to detect viral antigen and digoxigenin-labelled synthetic oligonucleotides to detect viral nucleic acid. Sequences of 27 and 30 bases in length from within the fusion protein and nucleocapsid genes respectively were selected for use as probes. The oligonucleotide in situ hybridization test was easy to perform and could be completed within 24 hours, but antigen detection was much more rapid and more sensitive. During 1989-1990, more positive results were obtained by antigen detection (193) than by isolation (185), but of 43 confirmed RS-virus-positive specimens, only 21 (49%) were detected by ISH. Antigen detection remains the most suitable single method of rapid detection of RS virus for a diagnostic laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Cubie
- Regional Virus Laboratory, City Hospital, Edinburgh, U.K
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30
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Abstract
The combined use of fluorescein-labelled monoclonal antibody and a cytocentrifuge for preparation of cell spots greatly reduced the time for rapid diagnosis, and improved the sensitivity and ease of detection of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus antigen in specimens of nasopharyngeal secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Cubie
- Regional Virus Laboratory, City Hospital, Edinburgh, U.K
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31
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Abstract
Forty nine infants of HIV seropositive women were followed up for a median of 24 months, together with 24 controls. The infection status of 11 index children under 18 months of age was indeterminate; 34 were presumed uninfected while four showed clinical and laboratory evidence of HIV disease. Based on current definitions of HIV infection and excluding children under 18 months old as well as those who had not been studied from birth, two out of 28 children were infected. The estimated rate of maternofetal transmission was therefore 7.1%. In children with proved infection, sequential laboratory data showed that hypergammaglobulinaemia was noted as early as 6 months and often predated clinical signs. This observation, in the presence of non-specific clinical findings, was helpful in alerting the paediatrician to a diagnosis of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Mok
- Infectious Diseases Unit, City Hospital, Edinburgh
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32
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33
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Mok JY, Hague RA, Taylor RF, Brettle RP, Hargreaves FD, Inglis JM, Yap PL. The management of children born to human immunodeficiency virus seropositive women. J Infect 1989; 18:119-24. [PMID: 2708829 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(89)91066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Increasing numbers of children born to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody-positive women are being identified, but guidelines as to their management are lacking. We have therefore established a paediatric counselling and screening clinic for managing such children in Edinburgh. During a period of 3 years, 49 infants and children of 43 HIV seropositive women have been seen. After a median follow-up period of 23 months, four children were found to have clinical evidence of HIV disease which was non-specific and could have been missed had they not been regularly monitored. Thus, close surveillance of infants born to seropositive women is important. Identifying a single clinic where this is done has allowed experience to accumulate on issues beyond the medical management of these infants as well as contributing to the clinical care of infants with symptoms. Based on this experience, we have developed guidelines for managing children born to HIV antibody-positive women.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Mok
- City Hospital, Edinburgh, U.K
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34
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Burns SM, Hargreaves FD, Inglis JM, Brettle RP. Antibody detection of HIV envelope and core proteins. AIDS 1988; 2:403-4. [PMID: 3146275 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-198810000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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France AJ, Skidmore CA, Robertson JR, Brettle RP, Roberts JJ, Burns SM, Foster CA, Inglis JM, Galloway WB, Davidson SJ. Heterosexual spread of human immunodeficiency virus in Edinburgh. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1988; 296:526-9. [PMID: 3126891 PMCID: PMC2545169 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.296.6621.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was investigated in 123 subjects with no apparent risk factor for infection other than having had heterosexual intercourse with a person who was either infected with HIV or at high risk of being infected with it. Seven subjects were found to be infected with the virus. Risk factors for transmission included being the regular sexual partner of an abuser of intravenous drugs and having a sexual relationship of more than 18 months' duration. Anal intercourse was not a risk factor in the three subjects who admitted to it. There were 41 regular partnerships with abusers of intravenous drugs in which the antibody state and history were fully known for both partners. In these partnerships male to female transmission of the virus occurred in five out of 34 (15%) and female to male in one out of seven. In 30 couples in whom one partner was known to be positive for HIV and an abuser of intravenous drugs four female partners were found to be seropositive at first testing, but there were no new positive results on subsequent serial testing. In six of these 30 couples both partners abused intravenous drugs but the partner who was negative for HIV remained so. Few of the partnerships always practised safe sexual techniques, even after a partner was known to be positive for HIV. Heterosexual transmission of HIV occurred but was incomplete and may be related to the timing of the relationship with the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J France
- City Screening Clinic, City Hospital, Edinburgh
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Brettle RP, Bisset K, Burns S, Davidson J, Davidson SJ, Gray JM, Inglis JM, Lees JS, Mok J. Human immunodeficiency virus and drug misuse: the Edinburgh experience. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987; 295:421-4. [PMID: 3115484 PMCID: PMC1247280 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.295.6595.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
During 1985 many drug abusers who lived in Edinburgh were found to be infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). As a result an alternative counselling and screening clinic for testing for antibodies to HIV was established for use by drug abusers. Four hundred and forty one patients were counselled in the first year, and over 60% were either drug abusers or their sexual contacts. One hundred and fourteen (26%) patients were positive for HIV antibody, and 100 (88%) of these were current or former drug abusers. The HIV seropositivity rate in drug abusers was 52% but was only 7% in their sexual contacts. Services were provided for these people as well as counselling before and after the test. The cost of this counselling service for the first year was 27,000 pounds or 61.22 pounds per patient. The unexpected mobility of 23% of the Edinburgh drug abusers, particularly to other areas of Britain, suggests that similar services need to be set up elsewhere.
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Abstract
The temporal incidence of respiratory viruses identified in children admitted to an Edinburgh hospital over a period of 14 years, 1972-1985, is described, Respiratory syncytial (RS) virus was identified most often, usually (but not in 1979 and 1985) with single peaks of activity in the winter months. Influenza virus infections were seen in the winter and spring but we failed to find evidence of interference between RS and influenza virus. Of the viruses studied, the parainfluenza viruses were the least predictable in their epidemiological behaviour. The results of this study are compared with those of others and the role of certain aspects of the weather is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Winter
- Regional Virus Laboratory, City Hospital, Edinburgh
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Winter GF, Inglis JM, Cubie HA. Rapid diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infections in conventional and shell vial cell cultures using monoclonal antibodies. J Virol Methods 1987; 15:329-30. [PMID: 3034946 DOI: 10.1016/0166-0934(87)90156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
One hundred specimens for herpes simplex virus (HSV) isolation were tested in parallel by conventional and by centrifugation-enhanced cell culture, followed by identification using monoclonal antibodies to HSV-1 and HSV-2. Sensitivity was comparable by the two methods; conventional culture was only marginally slower and was easier to fit into the routine of a busy laboratory. It is, therefore, advocated for HSV detection in clinical specimens.
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Brettle RP, Burns S, Inglis JM. AIDS publicity. West J Med 1987. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.294.6569.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zealley H, Edmond E, Inglis JM, Shepherd WM, Langford DT. A comparison of the reactivity and immunogenicity of RA 27/3 strain rubella vaccine prepared in WI-38 or MRC5 human diploid cells. J Biol Stand 1986; 14:213-6. [PMID: 3759997 DOI: 10.1016/0092-1157(86)90005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The immunogenicity and clinical reactivity of rubella vaccine derived from WI-38 or MRC5 human diploid cells was compared in 125 seronegative adolescent females. Seroconversion rates, assessed by single radial haemolysis testing of paired pre- and post-vaccination samples exceeded 98% (56/57 and 68/68 vaccinees, respectively) for both vaccines. Quantitative assessment of rubella-specific antibodies in 53 post-vaccination sera by an ELISA technique also failed to reveal any difference in immunogenicity between the vaccines. Assessable calendar records documenting the occurrence of local and systemic signs and symptoms in the four weeks following vaccination were returned by 106 subjects. No important statistically significant difference in parameters of clinical reactivity between the vaccine groups was observed although the incidence of pain at the injection site was found to be significantly higher for vaccinees receiving WI-38 derived vaccine.
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Robertson JR, Bucknall AB, Welsby PD, Roberts JJ, Inglis JM, Peutherer JF, Brettle RP. Epidemic of AIDS related virus (HTLV-III/LAV) infection among intravenous drug abusers. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1986; 292:527-9. [PMID: 3081158 PMCID: PMC1339512 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.292.6519.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Stored blood samples from 164 intravenous drug abusers who attended a Scottish general practice were tested for HTLV-III/LAV (human T cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy associated virus) infection. Of those tested, 83 (51%) were seropositive, which is well above the prevalence reported elsewhere in Britain and Europe and approaches that observed in New York City. The timing of taking samples of negative sera and continued drug use suggest that as many as 85% of this population might now be infected. The infection became epidemic in late 1983 and early 1984, thereafter becoming endemic. The practice of sharing needles and syringes correlated with seropositivity, which, combined with the almost exclusive intravenous use of heroin and other behavioural patterns, may explain the high prevalence of HTLV-III/LAV infection in the area. Rapid and aggressive intervention is needed to control the spread of infection.
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Fergusson RJ, Shaw TR, Kitchin AH, Matthews MB, Inglis JM, Peutherer JF. Subclinical chronic Q fever. Q J Med 1985; 57:669-76. [PMID: 4080956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Seven patients are described in whom chronic Q fever was detected by serology (Coxiella burneti phase I antibody titre greater than 1:200) during routine screening at admission for cardiac catheterisation. None had clinical evidence of endocarditis, hepatitis or other foci of infection. Three of the patients were kept under observation without antibiotic treatment for periods of six, 18 and 20 months. In two patients of this group, cardiac tissue was obtained at operation and in one patient seroconversion following guinea-pig inoculation indicated the presence of Coxiella burneti infection. Four patients were given antibiotic treatment when Q fever was confirmed by serology. Courses of antibiotic treatment with a combination of two drugs were maintained for four to six years and in three of these patients phase I antibody titres fell to very low levels with no appearance of overt infection. The fourth patient died after resection of an aortic aneurysm, seven months after starting antibiotic treatment. Cases reported in the literature indicate that while endocarditis is the most common manifestation of chronic Q fever, the infection can persist at other sites. Of the seven cases of subclinical chronic Q fever reported here, the infection was localised in only one. Patients with this subclinical form of infection pose the therapeutic dilemma of whether or not they should receive antibiotic treatment.
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McKinlay AW, White N, Buxton D, Inglis JM, Johnson FW, Kurtz JB, Brettle RP. Severe Chlamydia psittaci sepsis in pregnancy. Q J Med 1985; 57:689-96. [PMID: 4080958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Two patients with severe chlamydial sepsis in pregnancy are described and compared with previously published case reports. The infections appear to have been zoonotic, the patients acquiring their infections as a result of exposure to enzootic abortion of ewes. This is an important but poorly recognised human infection which because of its severity in pregnancy deserves consideration in patients with an appropriate occupational history.
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Cubie HA, Burns SM, Hargreaves FD, Inglis JM, Edmond E, Zealley H. Rubella: immunity and vaccination in schoolgirls. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1985; 290:1827-8. [PMID: 3924276 PMCID: PMC1415942 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.290.6484.1827-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Snodgrass DR, Herring AJ, Campbell I, Inglis JM, Hargreaves FD. Comparison of atypical rotaviruses from calves, piglets, lambs and man. J Gen Virol 1984; 65 ( Pt 5):909-14. [PMID: 6327887 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-65-5-909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Some rotaviruses from calves, piglets, and lambs were detected by electron microscopic examination of faeces but not by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which relies on detection of group antigen. On further examination by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, these viruses had 11 segments of dsRNA, as had typical rotaviruses, but arranged in atypical patterns. From humans, three rotaviruses with atypical electrophoretypes were also detected. Gnotobiotic animals were infected with atypical calf, piglet and lamb rotaviruses, and used to provide antigen and antiserum for an immunofluorescent comparison of these rotaviruses with conventional rotaviruses and other previously described atypical rotaviruses from piglets and chickens. Two atypical rotaviruses from humans failed to infect gnotobiotic piglets. The atypical rotaviruses could be tentatively categorized into two groups serologically distinct from each other and from conventional rotaviruses, and these distinctions were consistent with electrophoretypes . The atypical chicken rotavirus may form a fourth distinct group. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that rotaviruses belong to at least four separate groups definable by serology and electrophoretype .
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