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Fu T, Huan T, Rahman G, Zhi H, Xu Z, Oh TG, Guo J, Coulter S, Tripathi A, Martino C, McCarville JL, Zhu Q, Cayabyab F, Low B, He M, Xing S, Vargas F, Yu RT, Atkins A, Liddle C, Ayres J, Raffatellu M, Dorrestein PC, Downes M, Knight R, Evans RM. Paired microbiome and metabolome analyses associate bile acid changes with colorectal cancer progression. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112997. [PMID: 37611587 PMCID: PMC10903535 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is driven by genomic alterations in concert with dietary influences, with the gut microbiome implicated as an effector in disease development and progression. While meta-analyses have provided mechanistic insight into patients with CRC, study heterogeneity has limited causal associations. Using multi-omics studies on genetically controlled cohorts of mice, we identify diet as the major driver of microbial and metabolomic differences, with reductions in α diversity and widespread changes in cecal metabolites seen in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. In addition, non-classic amino acid conjugation of the bile acid cholic acid (AA-CA) increased with HFD. We show that AA-CAs impact intestinal stem cell growth and demonstrate that Ileibacterium valens and Ruminococcus gnavus are able to synthesize these AA-CAs. This multi-omics dataset implicates diet-induced shifts in the microbiome and the metabolome in disease progression and has potential utility in future diagnostic and therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tao Huan
- Department of Chemistry, UBC Faculty of Science, Vancouver Campus, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Gibraan Rahman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hui Zhi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhenjiang Xu
- UCSD Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tae Gyu Oh
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Chemistry, UBC Faculty of Science, Vancouver Campus, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sally Coulter
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Anupriya Tripathi
- UCSD Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cameron Martino
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; UCSD Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Justin L McCarville
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Laboratory, Gene Expression Laboratory, NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Qiyun Zhu
- UCSD Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Fritz Cayabyab
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Brian Low
- Department of Chemistry, UBC Faculty of Science, Vancouver Campus, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mingxiao He
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shipei Xing
- Department of Chemistry, UBC Faculty of Science, Vancouver Campus, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Fernando Vargas
- UCSD Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ruth T Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Annette Atkins
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Janelle Ayres
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Laboratory, Gene Expression Laboratory, NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; UCSD Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunity, Allergy, and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- UCSD Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; UCSD Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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2
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Sanchez KK, McCarville JL, Stengel SJ, Snyder JM, Williams AE, Ayres JS. Age-dependent roles of cardiac remodeling in sepsis defense and pathogenesis. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.14.532695. [PMID: 36993409 PMCID: PMC10055033 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.14.532695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Disease tolerance is a defense strategy essential for survival of infections, limiting physiological damage without killing the pathogen. The disease course and pathology a pathogen may cause can change over the lifespan of a host due to the structural and functional physiological changes that accumulate with age. Since successful disease tolerance responses require the host to engage mechanisms that are compatible with the disease course and pathology caused by an infection, we predicted that this defense strategy would change with age. Animals infected with a lethal dose 50 (LD50) of a pathogen often display distinct health and sickness trajectories due to differences in disease tolerance, and thus can be used to delineate tolerance mechanisms. Using a polymicrobial sepsis model, we found that despite having the same LD50, old and young susceptible mice exhibited distinct disease courses. Young survivors employed a cardioprotective mechanism via FoxO1-mediated regulation of the ubiquitin-proteosome system that was necessary for survival and protection from cardiomegaly. This same mechanism was a driver of sepsis pathogenesis in aged hosts, causing catabolic remodeling of the heart and death. Our findings have implications for the tailoring of therapy to the age of an infected individual and suggest that disease tolerance alleles may exhibit antagonistic pleiotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina K. Sanchez
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Gene Expression Lab, University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Justin L. McCarville
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Gene Expression Lab, University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Sarah J. Stengel
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Gene Expression Lab, University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Jessica M. Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - April E. Williams
- The Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Janelle S. Ayres
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Gene Expression Lab, University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Washington, Seattle WA
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3
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McCarville JL, Ayres JS. Virulence triggered allergies: Pseudomonas gets the Las laugh. Immunity 2022; 55:824-826. [PMID: 35545032 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of how infectious diseases contribute to allergy remain unanswered. In this issue of Immunity, Agaronyan et al. (2022) show that Pseudomonas aeruginosa drives immune deviation through induction of type 2 immune responses, resulting in niche remodeling that incites allergic responses to innocuous antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L McCarville
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, Gene Expression Lab, Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biology Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Janelle S Ayres
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, Gene Expression Lab, Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biology Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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4
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Lamas B, Hernandez-Galan L, Galipeau HJ, Constante M, Clarizio A, Jury J, Breyner NM, Caminero A, Rueda G, Hayes CL, McCarville JL, Bermudez Brito M, Planchais J, Rolhion N, Murray JA, Langella P, Loonen LMP, Wells JM, Bercik P, Sokol H, Verdu EF. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand production by the gut microbiota is decreased in celiac disease leading to intestinal inflammation. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/566/eaba0624. [PMID: 33087499 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba0624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism of tryptophan by the gut microbiota into derivatives that activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) contributes to intestinal homeostasis. Many chronic inflammatory conditions, including celiac disease involving a loss of tolerance to dietary gluten, are influenced by cues from the gut microbiota. We investigated whether AhR ligand production by the gut microbiota could influence gluten immunopathology in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice expressing DQ8, a celiac disease susceptibility gene. NOD/DQ8 mice, exposed or not exposed to gluten, were subjected to three interventions directed at enhancing AhR pathway activation. These included a high-tryptophan diet, gavage with Lactobacillus reuteri that produces AhR ligands or treatment with an AhR agonist. We investigated intestinal permeability, gut microbiota composition determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, AhR pathway activation in intestinal contents, and small intestinal pathology and inflammatory markers. In NOD/DQ8 mice, a high-tryptophan diet modulated gut microbiota composition and enhanced AhR ligand production. AhR pathway activation by an enriched tryptophan diet, treatment with the AhR ligand producer L. reuteri, or pharmacological stimulation using 6-formylindolo (3,2-b) carbazole (Ficz) decreased immunopathology in NOD/DQ8 mice exposed to gluten. We then determined AhR ligand production by the fecal microbiota and AhR activation in patients with active celiac disease compared to nonceliac control individuals. Patients with active celiac disease demonstrated reduced AhR ligand production and lower intestinal AhR pathway activation. These results highlight gut microbiota-dependent modulation of the AhR pathway in celiac disease and suggest a new therapeutic strategy for treating this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lamas
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leticia Hernandez-Galan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather J Galipeau
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco Constante
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra Clarizio
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Jury
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalia M Breyner
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alberto Caminero
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gaston Rueda
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina L Hayes
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin L McCarville
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miriam Bermudez Brito
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julien Planchais
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nathalie Rolhion
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Service de Gastroenterologie, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Joseph A Murray
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Philippe Langella
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Linda M P Loonen
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jerry M Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Premysl Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harry Sokol
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France. .,Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Service de Gastroenterologie, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Elena F Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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5
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Abstract
Metabolism is one of the strongest drivers of interkingdom interactions—including those between microorganisms and their multicellular hosts. Traditionally thought to fuel energy requirements and provide building blocks for biosynthetic pathways, metabolism is now appreciated for its role in providing metabolites, small-molecule intermediates generated from metabolic processes, to perform various regulatory functions to mediate symbiotic relationships between microbes and their hosts. Here, we review recent advances in our mechanistic understanding of how microbiota-derived metabolites orchestrate and support physiological responses in the host, including immunity, inflammation, defense against infections, and metabolism. Understanding how microbes metabolically communicate with their hosts will provide us an opportunity to better describe how a host interacts with all microbes—beneficial, pathogenic, and commensal—and an opportunity to discover new ways to treat microbial-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L. McCarville
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Laboratory, Gene Expression Laboratory, NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Grischa Y. Chen
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Laboratory, Gene Expression Laboratory, NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Víctor D. Cuevas
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Laboratory, Gene Expression Laboratory, NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Katia Troha
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Laboratory, Gene Expression Laboratory, NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Janelle S. Ayres
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Laboratory, Gene Expression Laboratory, NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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6
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Abstract
During infection, disease tolerance promotes host health without killing the pathogen. In a recent issue of Cell, Luan et al. (2019) identify GDF15 as a central regulator of disease tolerance of bacterial and viral challenges, while preventing cardiac damage, by mediating downstream cross-organ communication via the sympathetic and metabolic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L McCarville
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Laboratory, Gene Expression Laboratory, The Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Janelle S Ayres
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Laboratory, Gene Expression Laboratory, The Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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7
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Caminero A, McCarville JL, Zevallos VF, Pigrau M, Yu XB, Jury J, Galipeau HJ, Clarizio AV, Casqueiro J, Murray JA, Collins SM, Alaedini A, Bercik P, Schuppan D, Verdu EF. Lactobacilli Degrade Wheat Amylase Trypsin Inhibitors to Reduce Intestinal Dysfunction Induced by Immunogenic Wheat Proteins. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:2266-2280. [PMID: 30802444 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Wheat-related disorders, a spectrum of conditions induced by the ingestion of gluten-containing cereals, have been increasing in prevalence. Patients with celiac disease have gluten-specific immune responses, but the contribution of non-gluten proteins to symptoms in patients with celiac disease or other wheat-related disorders is controversial. METHODS C57BL/6 (control), Myd88-/-, Ticam1-/-, and Il15-/- mice were placed on diets that lacked wheat or gluten, with or without wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs), for 1 week. Small intestine tissues were collected and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) were measured; we also investigated gut permeability and intestinal transit. Control mice fed ATIs for 1 week were gavaged daily with Lactobacillus strains that had high or low ATI-degrading capacity. Nonobese diabetic/DQ8 mice were sensitized to gluten and fed an ATI diet, a gluten-containing diet or a diet with ATIs and gluten for 2 weeks. Mice were also treated with Lactobacillus strains that had high or low ATI-degrading capacity. Intestinal tissues were collected and IELs, gene expression, gut permeability and intestinal microbiota profiles were measured. RESULTS In intestinal tissues from control mice, ATIs induced an innate immune response by activation of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling to MD2 and CD14, and caused barrier dysfunction in the absence of mucosal damage. Administration of ATIs to gluten-sensitized mice expressing HLA-DQ8 increased intestinal inflammation in response to gluten in the diet. We found ATIs to be degraded by Lactobacillus, which reduced the inflammatory effects of ATIs. CONCLUSIONS ATIs mediate wheat-induced intestinal dysfunction in wild-type mice and exacerbate inflammation to gluten in susceptible mice. Microbiome-modulating strategies, such as administration of bacteria with ATI-degrading capacity, may be effective in patients with wheat-sensitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Caminero
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin L McCarville
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victor F Zevallos
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marc Pigrau
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xuechen B Yu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer Jury
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather J Galipeau
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra V Clarizio
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Joseph A Murray
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stephen M Collins
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Armin Alaedini
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Premysl Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elena F Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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8
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Wallace M, Green CR, Roberts LS, Lee YM, McCarville JL, Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Meurs N, Gengatharan JM, Hover JD, Phillips SA, Ciaraldi TP, Guertin DA, Cabrales P, Ayres JS, Nomura DK, Loomba R, Metallo CM. Enzyme promiscuity drives branched-chain fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissues. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:1021-1031. [PMID: 30327559 PMCID: PMC6245668 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) predominantly generates straight-chain fatty acids using acetyl-CoA as the initiating substrate. However, monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids (mmBCFAs) are also present in mammals but are thought to be primarily diet derived. Here we demonstrate that mmBCFAs are de novo synthesized via mitochondrial BCAA catabolism, exported to the cytosol by adipose-specific expression of carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT), and elongated by FASN. Brown fat exhibits the highest BCAA catabolic and mmBCFA synthesis fluxes, whereas these lipids are largely absent from liver and brain. mmBCFA synthesis is also sustained in the absence of microbiota. We identify hypoxia as a potent suppressor of BCAA catabolism that decreases mmBCFA synthesis in obese adipose tissue, such that mmBCFAs are significantly decreased in obese animals. These results identify adipose tissue mmBCFA synthesis as a novel link between BCAA metabolism and lipogenesis, highlighting roles for CrAT and FASN promiscuity influencing acyl-chain diversity in the lipidome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Wallace
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Courtney R Green
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay S Roberts
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yujung Michelle Lee
- Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Justin L McCarville
- Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches
- Division of Endocrinology, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Noah Meurs
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jivani M Gengatharan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Justin D Hover
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Susan A Phillips
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Theodore P Ciaraldi
- Virginia San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David A Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Janelle S Ayres
- Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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9
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Miranda PM, De Palma G, Serkis V, Lu J, Louis-Auguste MP, McCarville JL, Verdu EF, Collins SM, Bercik P. High salt diet exacerbates colitis in mice by decreasing Lactobacillus levels and butyrate production. Microbiome 2018; 6:57. [PMID: 29566748 PMCID: PMC5865374 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in hygiene and dietary habits, including increased consumption of foods high in fat, simple sugars, and salt that are known to impact the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota, may explain the increase in prevalence of chronic inflammatory diseases. High salt consumption has been shown to worsen autoimmune encephalomyelitis and colitis in mouse models through p38/MAPK signaling pathway. However, the effect of high salt diet (HSD) on gut microbiota and on intestinal immune homeostasis, and their roles in determining vulnerability to intestinal inflammatory stimuli are unknown. Here, we investigate the role of gut microbiota alterations induced by HSD on the severity of murine experimental colitis. RESULTS Compared to control diet, HSD altered fecal microbiota composition and function, reducing Lactobacillus sp. relative abundance and butyrate production. Moreover, HSD affected the colonic, and to a lesser extent small intestine mucosal immunity by enhancing the expression of pro-inflammatory genes such as Rac1, Map2k1, Map2k6, Atf2, while suppressing many cytokine and chemokine genes, such as Ccl3, Ccl4, Cxcl2, Cxcr4, Ccr7. Conventionally raised mice fed with HSD developed more severe DSS- (dextran sodium sulfate) and DNBS- (dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid) induced colitis compared to mice on control diet, and this effect was absent in germ-free mice. Transfer experiments into germ-free mice indicated that the HSD-associated microbiota profile is critically dependent on continued exposure to dietary salt. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the exacerbation of colitis induced by HSD is associated with reduction in Lactobacillus sp. and protective short-chain fatty acid production, as well as changes in host immune status. We hypothesize that these changes alter gut immune homeostasis and lead to increased vulnerability to inflammatory insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M. Miranda
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Giada De Palma
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
| | - Viktoria Serkis
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
| | - Jun Lu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
| | - Marc P. Louis-Auguste
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
| | - Justin L. McCarville
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
| | - Elena F. Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
| | - Stephen M. Collins
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
| | - Premysl Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
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10
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Abstract
Two distinct defense strategies provide a host with survival to infectious diseases: resistance and tolerance. Resistance is dependent on the ability of the host to kill pathogens. Tolerance promotes host health while having a neutral to positive impact of pathogen fitness. Immune responses are almost inevitably defined in terms of pathogen resistance. Recent evidence has shown, however, that several effects attributed to activation of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, cannot be readily explained with the paradigm of immunity as effectors of microbial destruction. This review focuses on integrating the concept of disease tolerance into recent studies of immune system function related to the regulation and resolution of tissue damage, T cell exhaustion, and tolerance to innocuous antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L McCarville
- Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - J S Ayres
- Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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11
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Caminero A, Galipeau HJ, McCarville JL, Johnston CW, Bernier SP, Russell AK, Jury J, Herran AR, Casqueiro J, Tye-Din JA, Surette MG, Magarvey NA, Schuppan D, Verdu EF. Duodenal Bacteria From Patients With Celiac Disease and Healthy Subjects Distinctly Affect Gluten Breakdown and Immunogenicity. Gastroenterology 2016; 151:670-83. [PMID: 27373514 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Partially degraded gluten peptides from cereals trigger celiac disease (CD), an autoimmune enteropathy occurring in genetically susceptible persons. Susceptibility genes are necessary but not sufficient to induce CD, and additional environmental factors related to unfavorable alterations in the microbiota have been proposed. We investigated gluten metabolism by opportunistic pathogens and commensal duodenal bacteria and characterized the capacity of the produced peptides to activate gluten-specific T-cells from CD patients. METHODS We colonized germ-free C57BL/6 mice with bacteria isolated from the small intestine of CD patients or healthy controls, selected for their in vitro gluten-degrading capacity. After gluten gavage, gliadin amount and proteolytic activities were measured in intestinal contents. Peptides produced by bacteria used in mouse colonizations from the immunogenic 33-mer gluten peptide were characterized by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and their immunogenic potential was evaluated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from celiac patients after receiving a 3-day gluten challenge. RESULTS Bacterial colonizations produced distinct gluten-degradation patterns in the mouse small intestine. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen from CD patients, exhibited elastase activity and produced peptides that better translocated the mouse intestinal barrier. P aeruginosa-modified gluten peptides activated gluten-specific T-cells from CD patients. In contrast, Lactobacillus spp. from the duodenum of non-CD controls degraded gluten peptides produced by human and P aeruginosa proteases, reducing their immunogenicity. CONCLUSIONS Small intestinal bacteria exhibit distinct gluten metabolic patterns in vivo, increasing or reducing gluten peptide immunogenicity. This microbe-gluten-host interaction may modulate autoimmune risk in genetically susceptible persons and may underlie the reported association of dysbiosis and CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Caminero
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather J Galipeau
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin L McCarville
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chad W Johnston
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steve P Bernier
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy K Russell
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Jury
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra R Herran
- Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Javier Casqueiro
- Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Jason A Tye-Din
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael G Surette
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan A Magarvey
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute for Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elena F Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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12
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Rey M, Yang M, Lee L, Zhang Y, Sheff JG, Sensen CW, Mrazek H, Halada P, Man P, McCarville JL, Verdu EF, Schriemer DC. Addressing proteolytic efficiency in enzymatic degradation therapy for celiac disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30980. [PMID: 27481162 PMCID: PMC4969619 DOI: 10.1038/srep30980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease is triggered by partially digested gluten proteins. Enzyme therapies that complete protein digestion in vivo could support a gluten-free diet, but the barrier to completeness is high. Current options require enzyme amounts on the same order as the protein meal itself. In this study, we evaluated proteolytic components of the carnivorous pitcher plant (Nepenthes spp.) for use in this context. Remarkably low doses enhance gliadin solubilization rates, and degrade gliadin slurries within the pH and temporal constraints of human gastric digestion. Potencies in excess of 1200:1 (substrate-to-enzyme) are achieved. Digestion generates small peptides through nepenthesin and neprosin, the latter a novel enzyme defining a previously-unknown class of prolyl endoprotease. The digests also exhibit reduced TG2 conversion rates in the immunogenic regions of gliadin, providing a twin mechanism for evading T-cell recognition. When sensitized and dosed with enzyme-treated gliadin, NOD/DQ8 mice did not show intestinal inflammation, when compared to mice challenged with only pepsin-treated gliadin. The low enzyme load needed for effective digestion suggests that gluten detoxification can be achieved in a meal setting, using metered dosing based on meal size. We demonstrate this by showing efficient antigen processing at total substrate-to-enzyme ratios exceeding 12,000:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martial Rey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Structural Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Menglin Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Linda Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joey G. Sheff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christoph W. Sensen
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Hynek Mrazek
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Halada
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Man
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Justin L McCarville
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Elena F. Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - David C. Schriemer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,
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13
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Araya RE, Gomez Castro MF, Carasi P, McCarville JL, Jury J, Mowat AM, Verdu EF, Chirdo FG. Mechanisms of innate immune activation by gluten peptide p31-43 in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G40-9. [PMID: 27151946 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00435.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Innate immunity contributes to the pathogenesis of CD, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Although previous in vitro work suggests that gliadin peptide p31-43 acts as an innate immune trigger, the underlying pathways are unclear and have not been explored in vivo. Here we show that intraluminal delivery of p31-43 induces morphological changes in the small intestinal mucosa of normal mice consistent with those seen in CD, including increased cell death and expression of inflammatory mediators. The effects of p31-43 were dependent on MyD88 and type I IFNs, but not Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and were enhanced by coadministration of the TLR3 agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid. Together, these results indicate that gliadin peptide p31-43 activates the innate immune pathways in vivo, such as IFN-dependent inflammation, relevant to CD. Our findings also suggest a common mechanism for the potential interaction between dietary gluten and viral infections in the pathogenesis of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina E Araya
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP)(CONICET-UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Gomez Castro
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP)(CONICET-UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Paula Carasi
- Catedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Justin L McCarville
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Jury
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allan M Mowat
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Elena F Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fernando G Chirdo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP)(CONICET-UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina;
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14
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Abstract
The gut microbiota contributes to the maintenance of health and, when disrupted, may drive gastrointestinal and extragastrointestinal disease. This can occur through direct pathways such as interaction with the epithelial barrier and mucosal immune system or indirectly via production of metabolites. There is no current curative therapy for chronic inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, which are complex multifactorial disorders involving genetic predisposition, and environmental triggers. Therapies are directed to suppress inflammation rather than the driver, and these approaches are not devoid of adverse effects. Therefore, there is great interest in modulation of the gut microbiota to provide protection from disease. Interventions that modulate the microbiota include diet, probiotics and more recently the emergence of experimental therapies such as fecal microbiota transplant or phage therapy. Emerging data indicate that certain bacteria can induce protective immune responses and enhance intestinal barrier function, which could be potential therapeutic targets. However, mechanistic links and specific therapeutic recommendations are still lacking. Here we provide a pathophysiological overview of potential therapeutic applications of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L. McCarville
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alberto Caminero
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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15
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Coulombe G, Langlois A, De Palma G, Langlois MJ, McCarville JL, Gagné-Sanfaçon J, Perreault N, Feng GS, Bercik P, Boudreau F, Verdu EF, Rivard N. SHP-2 Phosphatase Prevents Colonic Inflammation by Controlling Secretory Cell Differentiation and Maintaining Host-Microbiota Homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2529-40. [PMID: 27100271 PMCID: PMC5330278 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the PTPN11 gene encoding for the tyrosine phosphatase SHP‐2 were described in patients with ulcerative colitis. We have recently demonstrated that mice with an intestinal epithelial cell‐specific deletion of SHP‐2 (SHP‐2IEC‐KO) develop severe colitis 1 month after birth. However, the mechanisms by which SHP‐2 deletion induces colonic inflammation remain to be elucidated. We generated SHP‐2IEC‐KO mice lacking Myd88 exclusively in the intestinal epithelium. The colonic phenotype was histologically analyzed and cell differentiation was determined by electron microscopy and lysozyme or Alcian blue staining. Microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S sequencing. Results show that innate defense genes including those specific to Paneth cells were strongly up‐regulated in SHP‐2‐deficient colons. Expansion of intermediate cells (common progenitors of the Goblet and Paneth cell lineages) was found in the colon of SHP‐2IEC‐KO mice whereas Goblet cell number was clearly diminished. These alterations in Goblet/intermediate cell ratio were noticed 2 weeks after birth, before the onset of inflammation and were associated with significant alterations in microbiota composition. Indeed, an increase in Enterobacteriaceae and a decrease in Firmicutes were observed in the colon of these mice, indicating that dysbiosis also occurred prior to inflammation. Importantly, loss of epithelial Myd88 expression inhibited colitis development in SHP‐2IEC‐KO mice, rescued Goblet/intermediate cell ratio, and prevented NFκB hyperactivation and inflammation. These data indicate that SHP‐2 is functionally important for the maintenance of appropriate barrier function and host‐microbiota homeostasis in the large intestine. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2529–2540, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Coulombe
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ariane Langlois
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Giada De Palma
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Langlois
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Justin L McCarville
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Gagné-Sanfaçon
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Perreault
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gen-Sheng Feng
- Department of Pathology and Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Premysl Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - François Boudreau
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elena F Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathalie Rivard
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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16
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McCarville JL, Caminero A, Verdu EF. Pharmacological approaches in celiac disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 25:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Galipeau HJ, McCarville JL, Huebener S, Litwin O, Meisel M, Jabri B, Sanz Y, Murray JA, Jordana M, Alaedini A, Chirdo FG, Verdu EF. Intestinal microbiota modulates gluten-induced immunopathology in humanized mice. Am J Pathol 2015; 185:2969-82. [PMID: 26456581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. The recent increase in CD incidence suggests that additional environmental factors, such as intestinal microbiota alterations, are involved in its pathogenesis. However, there is no direct evidence of modulation of gluten-induced immunopathology by the microbiota. We investigated whether specific microbiota compositions influence immune responses to gluten in mice expressing the human DQ8 gene, which confers moderate CD genetic susceptibility. Germ-free mice, clean specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice colonized with a microbiota devoid of opportunistic pathogens and Proteobacteria, and conventional SPF mice that harbor a complex microbiota that includes opportunistic pathogens were used. Clean SPF mice had attenuated responses to gluten compared to germ-free and conventional SPF mice. Germ-free mice developed increased intraepithelial lymphocytes, markers of intraepithelial lymphocyte cytotoxicity, gliadin-specific antibodies, and a proinflammatory gliadin-specific T-cell response. Antibiotic treatment, leading to Proteobacteria expansion, further enhanced gluten-induced immunopathology in conventional SPF mice. Protection against gluten-induced immunopathology in clean SPF mice was reversed after supplementation with a member of the Proteobacteria phylum, an enteroadherent Escherichia coli isolated from a CD patient. The intestinal microbiota can both positively and negatively modulate gluten-induced immunopathology in mice. In subjects with moderate genetic susceptibility, intestinal microbiota changes may be a factor that increases CD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Galipeau
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin L McCarville
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sina Huebener
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Owen Litwin
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marlies Meisel
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bana Jabri
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Joseph A Murray
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Manel Jordana
- Departments of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Armin Alaedini
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Fernando G Chirdo
- Institute of Immunological and Pathophysiological Studies, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Elena F Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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18
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McCarville JL, Clarke ST, Shastri P, Liu Y, Kalmokoff M, Brooks SPJ, Green-Johnson JM. Spaceflight influences both mucosal and peripheral cytokine production in PTN-Tg and wild type mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68961. [PMID: 23874826 PMCID: PMC3707889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight is associated with several health issues including diminished immune efficiency. Effects of long-term spaceflight on selected immune parameters of wild type (Wt) and transgenic mice over-expressing pleiotrophin under the human bone-specific osteocalcin promoter (PTN-Tg) were examined using the novel Mouse Drawer System (MDS) aboard the International Space Station (ISS) over a 91 day period. Effects of this long duration flight on PTN-Tg and Wt mice were determined in comparison to ground controls and vivarium-housed PTN-Tg and Wt mice. Levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) were measured in mucosal and systemic tissues of Wt and PTN-Tg mice. Colonic contents were also analyzed to assess potential effects on the gut microbiota, although no firm conclusions could be made due to constraints imposed by the MDS payload and the time of sampling. Spaceflight-associated differences were observed in colonic tissue and systemic lymph node levels of IL-2 and TGF-β1 relative to ground controls. Total colonic TGF-β1 levels were lower in Wt and PTN-Tg flight mice in comparison to ground controls. The Wt flight mouse had lower levels of IL-2 and TGF-β1 compared to the Wt ground control in both the inguinal and brachial lymph nodes, however this pattern was not consistently observed in PTN-Tg mice. Vivarium-housed Wt controls had higher levels of active TGF-β1 and IL-2 in inguinal lymph nodes relative to PTN-Tg mice. The results of this study suggest compartmentalized effects of spaceflight and on immune parameters in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L. McCarville
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program and Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra T. Clarke
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program and Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Padmaja Shastri
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program and Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi Liu
- Università degil Studi di Genova, Dipartimento di Oncologia, Biologia e Genetica, Genova, Italy
- Istituo Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Martin Kalmokoff
- Atlantic Food and Horticulture Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Julia M. Green-Johnson
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program and Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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