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Lee BC, Soh KS. Contrast-enhancing optical method to observe a Bonghan duct floating inside a lymph vessel of a rabbit. Lymphology 2008; 41:178-185. [PMID: 19306664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Novel threadlike structures, so-called Bonghan ducts (BHDs), were recently rediscovered inside large caliber lymphatic vessels using two different staining dyes in rabbits (Janus green B and Alcian blue) and fluorescent nanoparticles in rats. These three methods have the drawback of injecting chemical agents into the lymphatic vessels, which might damage the BHD and hinder further investigation of its physiological function. New methods to observe BHDs without using external chemical agents need to be developed. In the present work, we introduce a contrast enhancing optical method for in vivo observation of BHDs floating inside large caliber lymph vessels. The method uses a low-pass filter above about 650 nm, with an arrangement to minimize the light reflected from the surface of the lymph vessel. We captured films showing movement of a BHD as the animal respired. Applying the previous Alcian blue injection technique, we obtained BHD samples from the lymph vessel and observed the distribution of rod-shape nuclei (the essential feature of a BHD). BHDs can now be observed inside lymph vessels by using contrast-enhancing instrumentation without visualizing chemical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Lee
- Biomedical Physics Laboratory, Frontier Physics Research Division, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Yoon YZ, Kim J, Lee BC, Kim YU, Lee SK, Soh KS. Changes in ultraweak photon emission and heart rate variability of epinephrine-injected rats. Gen Physiol Biophys 2005; 24:147-59. [PMID: 16118469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultraweak photons which are spontaneously emitted from a living body may be applicable as a non-invasive tool to characterize the physiological state of the living body. We investigated changes in the intensity of ultraweak photon emission, body temperature and the cardiovascular autonomic activity induced by epinephrine injection to rats. A high dose of epinephrine can make changes to the cardiovascular autonomic activity or body temperature. Photon emission of the dorsal part, rectal temperature and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured from eight Sprague-Dawley rats. The intensities of photon emissions for saline injections, which were used as a control, decreased from 13042+/-71 counts/min at the start of measurements to 8709+/-915 counts/min at 1 h after the injections. In the case with epinephrine injections, the intensity of photon emission reduced slowly from 13361+/-354 counts/min to 11040+/-433 counts/min. Rectal temperature increased in both saline- and epinephrine-injected rats, but one hour after the injections the temperature in the epinephrine case was slightly higher than that in the saline case. The standard deviation of the QRS wave complex interval (RR interval) increased from 1 to 4 (p<0.05) and the spectral ratio of the low frequency component to the high frequency component in the HRV data LF (0.19 approximately 0.74 Hz) / HF (0.78 approximately 2.50 Hz) decreased from 0.81 to 0.26 (p<0.05) in the case of epinephrine injection while no change was found in the case of saline injection. Thus, ultraweak photon emission was closely related to the cardiovascular autonomic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Z Yoon
- Biomedical Physics Laboratory 25-414, School of Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea.
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Jeong JH, Kim JS, Lee BC, Min YS, Kim DS, Ryu JS, Soh KS, Seo KM, Sohn UD. Influence of exposure to electromagnetic field on the cardiovascular system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 25:17-23. [PMID: 15659150 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-8673.2004.00328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
1 We examined whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) affect the basal level of cardiovascular parameters and influence of drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system. 2 Male rats were exposed to sham control and EMF (60 Hz, 20 G) for 1 (MF-1) or 5 days (MF-5). We evaluated the alterations of blood pressure (BP), pulse pressure (PP), heart rate (HR), and the PR interval, QRS interval and QT interval on the electrocardiogram and dysrhythmic ratio in basal level and dysrhythmia induced by beta-adrenoceptor agonists. 3 In terms of the basal levels, there were no statistically significant differences among control, MF-1 and MF-5 in PR interval, QRS interval, mean BP, HR and PP. However, the QT interval, representing ventricular repolarization, was significantly reduced by MF-1 (P < 0.05). 4 (-)-Dobutamine (beta1-adrenoceptor-selective agonist)-induced tachycardia was significantly suppressed by ELF-EMF exposure in MF-1 for the increase in HR (DeltaHR), the decrease in QRS interval (DeltaQRS) and the decrease in QT (DeltaQT) interval. Adrenaline (nonselective beta-receptor agonist)-induced dysrhythmia was also significantly suppressed by ELF-EMF in MF-1 for the number of missing beats, the dysrhythmic ratio, and the increase in BP and PP. 5 These results indicated that 1-day exposure to ELF-EMF (60 Hz, 20 G) could suppress the increase in HR by affecting ventricular repolarization and may have a down-regulatory effect on responses of the cardiovascular system induced by sympathetic agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
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Johng HM, Cho JH, Shin HS, Soh KS, Koo TH, Choi SY, Koo HS, Park MS. Frequency dependence of impedances at the acupuncture point Quze (PC3). IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag 2002; 21:33-6. [PMID: 12012602 DOI: 10.1109/memb.2002.1000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H M Johng
- School of Physics, Seoul National University.
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Abstract
We introduced a new technique of quantification of pulse characteristics in connection with contact pressure. We provided data only for illustrative purposes, deferring statistical analysis of samples of a larger population. This quantification can be useful for diagnostic purposes; for example, by detecting changes of the three quantities according to the health condition or particular disease of a patient, or by analyzing correlations among these quantities and other physiological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Z Yoon
- Department of Physics, Seoul National University
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Bak D, Kim SK, Soh KS, Yee JH. Exact wave functions in a noncommutative field theory. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 85:3087-3090. [PMID: 11019273 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We consider the nonrelativistic field theory with a quartic interaction on a noncommutative plane and compute the 2-->2 scattering amplitude within perturbative analysis to all orders. We regain the results of the perturbative analysis by finding the scattering and the bound state wave functions of the two particle Schrodinger equation. These wave functions unusually have two center positions in the relative coordinates, whose separation is transverse to the total momentum and scales linearly with its magnitude, exhibiting the stringy nature of the noncommutative field theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bak
- Physics Department, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743 Korea
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Hong H, Choi MY, Park K, Yoon BG, Soh KS. Synchronization and resonance in a driven system of coupled oscillators. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1999; 60:4014-20. [PMID: 11970238 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.60.4014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/1999] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
We study the noise effects in a driven system of globally coupled oscillators, with particular attention to the interplay between driving and noise. The self-consistency equation for the order parameter, which measures the collective synchronization of the system, is derived; it is found that the total order parameter decreases monotonically with noise, indicating overall suppression of synchronization. Still, for large coupling strengths, there exists an optimal noise level at which the periodic (ac) component of the order parameter reaches its maximum. The response of the phase velocity is also examined and found to display resonance behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hong
- Department of Physics Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Johng HM, Shin HS, Soh KS. Sine-Gordon solitons coupled with dilaton gravity in two-dimensional spacetime. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1996; 53:801-804. [PMID: 10020062 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.53.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Ji JY, Kim JK, Kim SP, Soh KS. Exact wave functions and nonadiabatic Berry phases of a time-dependent harmonic oscillator. Phys Rev A 1995; 52:3352-3355. [PMID: 9912622 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.3352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Abstract
In the presence of 3 x 10(-6) M captopril, 5 x 10(-7) M des-Asp-Angiotensin I was found to inhibit the electrically (1 and 2 Hz) induced contraction of the rabbit pulmonary artery but had no significant effect on the noradrenaline-stimulated contraction. 2.8 x 10(-6) M indomethacin and 10(-6) M losartan but not 10(-6) M (S) 1-([4-(dimethylamino)-3-methylphenyl]methyl)-5-(diphenylacetyl)-4, 5,6,7- tetrahydro-1H-imidazo(4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid, ditrifluoroacetate, dihydrate (PD123319) attenuated the inhibition. The inhibition of the electrically stimulated contraction by 5 x 10(-7) M des-Asp-angiotensin I coincided with a significant drop in the accompanying evoked 3H overflow from re-uptaken [3H]noradrenaline. The results indicate that des-Asp-angiotensin I acts presynaptically on a subtype of angiotensin receptor that involves the release of prostaglandin(s). In addition, this receptor subtype is susceptible to blockade by angiotensin AT1- but not AT2-specific receptor antagonists. It was suggested that this receptor subtype is identifiable with the recently described angiotensin AT1B receptor subtype found in the brain, pituitary and adrenal glomerulosa. These findings demonstrated a direct action of sub-micromolar concentrations of des-Asp-angiotensin I on a blood vessel and indicate that the nonapeptide is an active angiotensin per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Kim SK, Namgung W, Soh KS, Yee JH. Zero modes of the nonrelativistic SU(2) Chern-Simons solitons. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1992; 46:3544-3549. [PMID: 10015298 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.46.3544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Kim SK, Namgung W, Soh KS, Yee JH. Inversion symmetry and flux quantization in the nonrelativistic Chern-Simons solitons. Int J Clin Exp Med 1992; 46:1882-1883. [PMID: 10015104 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.46.1882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kim SK, Namgung W, Soh KS, Yee JH. Equivalence between the covariant, Weyl, and Coulomb gauges in the functional Schrödinger picture. Int J Clin Exp Med 1991; 43:2046-2049. [PMID: 10013584 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.43.2046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kim SK, Namgung W, Soh KS, Yee JH. Equivalence between the Weyl, Coulomb, and unitary gauges in the functional Schrödinger picture. Int J Clin Exp Med 1990; 41:3792-3795. [PMID: 10012321 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.41.3792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kim SK, Yang J, Soh KS, Yee JH. Gaussian approximation of the Gross-Neveu model in the functional Schrödinger picture. Int J Clin Exp Med 1989; 40:2647-2653. [PMID: 10012108 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.40.2647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kim JS, Soh KS, Kim SK, Yee JH. Zero-point field in a circular-motion frame. II. Spinor and vector fields. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1987; 36:3700-3704. [PMID: 9958155 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.36.3700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Abstract
1 Replacement of ester by amine in series of derivatives of diphenylacetic acid reduces the affinity for muscarine-sensitive acetylcholine receptors of the guinea-pig ileum from 40- to 100-fold. With similar series of phenylacetic acid the reduction is only 2- to 4-fold. In both series changes in the composition of the onium group produce similar changes in the affinity of amides and esters and it appears that the stiffness of the amide bond reduces the binding of the phenyl groups at the far end of the molecule from the onium atom. 2 Replacement of ester by amide in similar series of acetyl compounds reduces activity on the guinea-pig ileum over 1000-fold and on the frog rectus over 50-fold. Compounds with larger onium groups are antagonists on both preparations with log affinity constant around 3. The amides have similar affinity for electric eel acetylcholinesterase. 3 The amides are slightly bigger than the esters in solution and slightly more hydrophilic. 4 Replacement of ester by amide in acetylcholine reduces the proportion of gauche conformer about the C--C--bond from 100% to 39%. 5 The ability of acetylcholine to activate receptors is thought to depend on some degree of flexibility in the --CO--0--bond, though the hydration of the bond may also be important.
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Barlow RB, Berry KJ, Glenton PA, Nilolaou NM, Soh KS. A comparison of affinity constants for muscarine-sensitive acetylcholine receptors in guinea-pig atrial pacemaker cells at 29 degrees C and in ileum at 29 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Br J Pharmacol 1976; 58:613-20. [PMID: 1000135 PMCID: PMC1667484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1976.tb08631.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
1 The affinity of 17 compounds for muscarine-sensitive acetylcholine receptors in atrial pacemaker cells and ileum of the guinea-pig has been measured at 29 degrees C in Ringer-Locke solution. Measurements were also made at 37 degrees C with 7 of them. 2 Some of the compounds had much higher affinity for the receptors in the ileum than for those in the atria. For the most selective compound, 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide, the difference was approximately 20-fold. The receptors in the atria are therefore different the structure from those in the ileum. 3 The effect of temperature on affinity are not the same for all the compounds, tested indicating different enthalpies and entropies of adsorption and accounting for some of the difficulty experienced in predicting the affinity of new compounds.
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Abstract
Abstract
Some 1,1-diary 1–3-aminoprop-1-enes and 1,2-diaryl-4-amino-but-1-and −2-enes, including isomers of triprolidine and pyrrobutamine, have been prepared, their geometrical configurations established by pmr spectroscopy, and their affinities for histamine receptors measured on the guinea-pig ileum. These isomers differed considerably in their affinities and a particularly large difference was observed with the isomers of triprolidine (1170:1). This is because the binding of 3-aminoprop-1-enes is enhanced when α-pyridyl and aminomethyl groups are trans to one another or when p-tolyl and aminomethyl groups are cis, whereas activity is reduced when these groups are in opposite configurations. There is also a considerable difference between the geometrical isomers of pyrrobutamine (ca 200:1) but the most active compounds all have the same configuration whether 3-aminoprop-1-enes or 4-aminobut-2-enes. For high activity it appears necessary to have a trans Ar.C: CH.CH2.NC4H8 arrangement with the aromatic nucleus (α-pyridyl or phenyl) coplanar with the double bond, together with an aromatic function such as p-tolyl, benzyl or p-chlorobenzyl in a position cis to the aminomethyl group. All these compounds have restricted conformations so that the series serves as a useful model for the stereochemical requirements of the antihistamine receptor.
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