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Svendsen K, Leithe S, Trewin-Nybråten CB, Balto A, Nes LS, Meland A, Børøsund E, Kiserud CE, Reinertsen KV, Eriksen HR, Gjelsvik YM, Ursin G. How Did Breast Cancer Patients Fare during Different Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Norway Compared to Age-Matched Controls? Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:602. [PMID: 38339359 PMCID: PMC10854821 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Little is known about how health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in breast cancer cases differed from that of controls during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used data from an ongoing, nationwide HRQoL survey of 4279 newly diagnosed breast cancer cases and 2911 controls to investigate how breast cancer patients fared during different phases of the pandemic compared to controls. Responders during 2020-2022 were categorized into three COVID-19-related phases: the social restrictions phase, the high infection rate phase, and the post-pandemic phase. Across phases, breast cancer cases had significantly worse scores in most HRQoL domains compared to controls. Apart from slightly more insomnia in the high infection rate phase for both cases and controls, and better social functioning for young cases in the post-COVID-19 phase, the case-control differences in HRQoL remained consistent across phases. When the phases were assessed as one period, young women and those living with children <18 years of age fared the worst among breast cancer cases, while single women fared the worst among controls. In contrast, controls living with children <18 years of age exhibited better HRQoL than controls without children. In summary, women with breast cancer did not appear to fare differently than controls in terms of HRQoL across COVID-19 phases. However, breast cancer cases with young children fared worse in their HRQoL than other breast cancer cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karianne Svendsen
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (S.L.); (C.B.T.-N.); (A.B.); (Y.M.G.)
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0586 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrid Leithe
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (S.L.); (C.B.T.-N.); (A.B.); (Y.M.G.)
| | - Cassia B. Trewin-Nybråten
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (S.L.); (C.B.T.-N.); (A.B.); (Y.M.G.)
| | - Aina Balto
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (S.L.); (C.B.T.-N.); (A.B.); (Y.M.G.)
| | - Lise Solberg Nes
- Department of Digital Health Research, Division of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0586 Oslo, Norway; (L.S.N.); (E.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Meland
- Department of Social Sciences, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, 0863 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Elin Børøsund
- Department of Digital Health Research, Division of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0586 Oslo, Norway; (L.S.N.); (E.B.)
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, 3054 Drammen, Norway
| | - Cecilie E. Kiserud
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway; (C.E.K.); (K.V.R.)
| | | | - Hege R. Eriksen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Ylva Maria Gjelsvik
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (S.L.); (C.B.T.-N.); (A.B.); (Y.M.G.)
| | - Giske Ursin
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (S.L.); (C.B.T.-N.); (A.B.); (Y.M.G.)
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Olsen T, Stolt E, Øvrebø B, Elshorbagy A, Tore EC, Lee-Ødegård S, Troensegaard H, Johannessen H, Doeland B, Vo AAD, Dahl AF, Svendsen K, Thoresen M, Refsum H, Rising R, Barvíková K, van Greevenbroek M, Kožich V, Retterstøl K, Vinknes KJ. Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction in humans with overweight and obesity: a translational randomized controlled trial. J Transl Med 2024; 22:40. [PMID: 38195568 PMCID: PMC10775517 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04833-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health in animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary SAAR on body weight, body composition, resting metabolic rate, gene expression profiles in white adipose tissue (WAT), and an extensive blood biomarker profile in humans with overweight or obesity. METHODS N = 59 participants with overweight or obesity (73% women) were randomized stratified by sex to an 8-week plant-based dietary intervention low (~ 2 g/day, SAAR) or high (~ 5.6 g/day, control group) in sulfur amino acids. The diets were provided in full to the participants, and both investigators and participants were blinded to the intervention. Outcome analyses were performed using linear mixed model regression adjusted for baseline values of the outcome and sex. RESULTS SAAR led to a ~ 20% greater weight loss compared to controls (β 95% CI - 1.14 (- 2.04, - 0.25) kg, p = 0.013). Despite greater weight loss, resting metabolic rate remained similar between groups. Furthermore, SAAR decreased serum leptin, and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. In WAT, 20 genes were upregulated whereas 24 genes were downregulated (FDR < 5%) in the SAAR group compared to controls. Generally applicable gene set enrichment analyses revealed that processes associated with ribosomes were upregulated, whereas processes related to structural components were downregulated. CONCLUSION Our study shows that SAAR leads to greater weight loss, decreased leptin and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. Further research on SAAR is needed to investigate the therapeutic potential for metabolic conditions in humans. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04701346, registered Jan 8th 2021, https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/study/NCT04701346.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Emma Stolt
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Øvrebø
- Department of Food Safety, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amany Elshorbagy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elena C Tore
- Department of Internal Medicine and CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sindre Lee-Ødegård
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hannibal Troensegaard
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Johannessen
- Department of Paedriatic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Beate Doeland
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna A D Vo
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja F Dahl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karianne Svendsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magne Thoresen
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Kristýna Barvíková
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marleen van Greevenbroek
- Department of Internal Medicine and CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Viktor Kožich
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Svendsen K, Nes LS, Meland A, Larsson IM, Gjelsvik YM, Børøsund E, Rygg CM, Myklebust TÅ, Reinertsen KV, Kiserud CE, Skjerven H, Antoni MH, Chalder T, Mjaaland I, Carlson LE, Eriksen HR, Ursin G. Coping After Breast Cancer (CABC): Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of stress management e-health interventions. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e47195. [PMID: 37103493 DOI: 10.2196/47195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-third or more of breast cancer survivors report stress and other psychological and physical complaints that can negatively impact quality of life. Psychosocial stress-management interventions, shown to mitigate the negative impact of these complaints, can now be delivered as accessible and convenient (for the patient and provider) e-health interventions. In the present randomized controlled trial (RCT), Coping After Breast Cancer (CABC), two modified versions of the stress management e-health intervention program StressProffen were created: one with predominantly cognitive-behavioral stress-management content (Stressproffen-CBI) and one with predominantly mindfulness-based stress-management content (StressProffen-MBI). OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects in breast cancer survivors of using StressProffen-CBI and StressProffen-MBI compared to a control group (treatment as usual). METHODS Women diagnosed with breast cancer (stage I-III, unequivocally HER2+ or ER- tumors) or DCIS aged 21-69 years who completed the Cancer Registry of Norway- initiated health survey on quality of life, are invited to the CABC trial about seven months after diagnosis. Women who give consent to participate are randomized (1:1:1) to: Stressproffen-CBI, Stressproffen-MBI, or control group. Both Stressproffen interventions consist of 10 modules of stress management content delivered through text, sound, video, and images. The primary outcome is between-groups changes in perceived stress at six months, assessed with Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale. Secondary outcomes comprise changes in quality of life, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep, neuropathy, coping, mindfulness and work-related outcomes approximately 1, 2 and 3 years after diagnosis. Long-term effects of the interventions on work participation, comorbidities, relapse or new cancers and mortality will be obtained from national health registries. RESULTS We plan to recruit 430 participants in total (100 in each group). Recruitment is scheduled from January 2021 through May 2023. CONCLUSIONS The CABC trial is possibly the largest ongoing psychosocial e-health RCT in breast cancer patients at current. If one or both interventions prove to be effective in reducing stress and improving psychosocial and physical complains, the StressProffen e-health interventions could be beneficial, inexpensive, and easily implementable tools for breast cancer survivors when coping with late effects after cancer and cancer treatments. CLINICALTRIAL Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT04480203. First posted: July 7th 2020. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04480203.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karianne Svendsen
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo University Hospital, Ullernchausseen 64, Oslo, NO
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, NO
- Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NO
| | - Lise Solberg Nes
- Department of Digital Health Research, Division of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NO
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NO
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, US
| | - Anders Meland
- Department of Sport and Social Sciences, School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, NO
| | - Ine Marie Larsson
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo University Hospital, Ullernchausseen 64, Oslo, NO
| | - Ylva M Gjelsvik
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo University Hospital, Ullernchausseen 64, Oslo, NO
| | - Elin Børøsund
- Department of Digital Health Research, Division of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NO
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Drammen, NO
| | - Christine M Rygg
- Department of Digital Health Research, Division of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NO
| | - Tor Åge Myklebust
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo University Hospital, Ullernchausseen 64, Oslo, NO
| | - Kristin V Reinertsen
- National Advisory Unit for Late Effects After Cancer, Department of Oncology, Oslo University hospital, Oslo, NO
| | - Cecilie E Kiserud
- National Advisory Unit for Late Effects After Cancer, Department of Oncology, Oslo University hospital, Oslo, NO
| | - Helle Skjerven
- Section for Breast and Endocrine Surgery Department, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, NO
| | - Michael H Antoni
- Department of Psychology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, US
| | - Trudie Chalder
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, GB
| | - Ingvil Mjaaland
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, NO
| | - Linda E Carlson
- Departments of Oncology and Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, CA
| | - Hege R Eriksen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, NO
| | - Giske Ursin
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo University Hospital, Ullernchausseen 64, Oslo, NO
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, NO
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, LA, US
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Elshorbagy A, Bastani NE, Lee-Ødegård S, Øvrebø B, Haj-Yasein N, Svendsen K, Turner C, Refsum H, Vinknes KJ, Olsen T. The association of fasting plasma thiol fractions with body fat compartments, biomarker profile, and adipose tissue gene expression. Amino Acids 2023; 55:313-323. [PMID: 36542145 PMCID: PMC10038976 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
People with high plasma total cysteine (tCys) have higher fat mass and higher concentrations of the atherogenic apolipoprotein B (apoB). The disulfide form, cystine, enhanced human adipogenesis and correlated with total fat mass in a Middle-Eastern cohort. In 35 European adults with overweight (88.6% women) and with dual-X-ray absorptiometry measurements of regional fat, we investigated how cystine compared to other free disulfides in their association with total regional adiposity, plasma lipid and glucose biomarkers, and adipose tissue lipid enzyme mRNA (n = 19). Most total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) (78%) was protein-bound; 63% of total glutathione (tGSH) was reduced. tCys was 49% protein-bound, 30% mixed-disulfide, 15% cystine, and 6% reduced. Controlling for age and lean mass, cystine and total free cysteine were the fractions most strongly associated with android and total fat: 1% higher cystine predicted 1.97% higher android fat mass (95% CI 0.64, 3.31) and 1.25% (0.65, 2.98) higher total fat mass (both p = 0.005). A positive association between tCys and apoB (β: 0.64%; 95% CI 0.17, 1.12%, p = 0.009) was apparently driven by free cysteine and cystine; cystine was also inversely associated with the HDL-associated apolipoprotein A1 (β: -0.57%; 95% CI -0.96, -0.17%, p = 0.007). No independent positive associations with adiposity were noted for tGSH or tHcy fractions. Plasma cystine correlated with CPT1a mRNA (Spearman's r = 0.68, p = 0.001). In conclusion, plasma cystine-but not homocysteine or glutathione disulfides-is associated with android adiposity and an atherogenic plasma apolipoprotein profile. The role of cystine in human adiposity and cardiometabolic risk deserves investigation. ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT02647970 and NCT03629392.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Elshorbagy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nasser E Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sindre Lee-Ødegård
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Øvrebø
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadia Haj-Yasein
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karianne Svendsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
- The Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cheryl Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway.
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Bjørnøy Urke E, Igland J, Mundal LJ, Holven KB, Retterstøl K, Svendsen K. Individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia have excess risk of eating disorders: a prospectively matched cohort study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:e13-e15. [PMID: 36508605 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eli Bjørnøy Urke
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jannicke Igland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804N-5020 Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Health and Social Sciences, Institute of Health and Caring Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Fosswinckels gate 65007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Liv J Mundal
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo universitetssykehus, Aker, Lipidklinikken Postboks 4959 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- National Advisory Unit on FH, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo universitetssykehus, Aker, NKT for FH, Postboks 4950, Nydalen 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo universitetssykehus, Aker, Lipidklinikken Postboks 4959 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karianne Svendsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo universitetssykehus, Aker, Lipidklinikken Postboks 4959 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 5313 Majorstuen, NO-0304 Oslo, Norway
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Elshorbagy A, Bastani NE, Lee-Ødegård S, Øvrebø B, Haj-Yasein N, Svendsen K, Turner C, Refsum H, Vinknes KJ, Olsen T. Correction to: The association of fasting plasma thiol fractions with body fat compartments, biomarker profile, and adipose tissue gene expression. Amino Acids 2023; 55:547-548. [PMID: 36795350 PMCID: PMC10140132 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amany Elshorbagy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nasser E Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sindre Lee-Ødegård
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Øvrebø
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadia Haj-Yasein
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karianne Svendsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
- The Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cheryl Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway.
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Urke E, Igland J, Mundal L, Holven K, Retterstøl K, Svendsen K. Registry data indicate higher risk of eating disorders in individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia compared with age and sex matched controls. Atherosclerosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Svendsen K, Olsen T, Vinknes K, Mundal L, Holven K, Bogsrud M, Igland J, Retterstøl K. No increased risk of stroke in genetically verified familial hypercholesterolemia: A prospective matched cohort study. Atherosclerosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Svendsen K, Olsen T, Vinknes KJ, Mundal LJ, Holven KB, Bogsrud MP, Leren TP, Igland J, Retterstøl K. Risk of stroke in genetically verified familial hypercholesterolemia: A prospective matched cohort study. Atherosclerosis 2022; 358:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Svendsen K, Mundal L, Holven K, Bogsrud M, Igland J, Leren T, Retterstøl K. Unchanged hazard ratios of incident acute myocardial infarction in patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia during 2001-2017. Atherosclerosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Svendsen K, Vinknes KJ, Retterstøl K, Olsen T. Why we can probably trust public policy dietary guidelines for prevention. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:e209-e210. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karianne Svendsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Building 6, Trondheimsveien 235, 0587 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Building 6, Trondheimsveien 235, 0587 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Hypercholesterolemia, which is a cardiovascular risk factor, may also be associated with dementia risk. The benefit of statin treatment on dementia risk is controversial. OBJECTIVE To determine whether individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), who have been exposed to lifelong hypercholesterolemia, have an excess risk of dementia and whether statin use is associated with dementia risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This was a prospective cohort study performed from 2008 to 2018 in Norway. Statistical analysis was performed from January 2021 to February 2022. This study included individuals with genetically verified FH and age-matched and sex-matched controls obtained from the general Norwegian population. EXPOSURES Dementia was defined according to International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes F00-03 and G30. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incident cases of total dementia, vascular dementia, Alzheimer disease-dementia in Alzheimer disease, and data on lipid-lowering medication were obtained from the Norwegian Patient Registry, Cause of Death Registry, and the Norwegian Prescription Database. Hazard ratios (HRs) for risk of dementia for individuals with FH vs matched controls were calculated using Cox regression. The cumulative sum of defined daily doses (DDDs) of statins prescribed during study follow-up was calculated for individuals with FH and was analyzed as a time-varying covariate with 3 levels: 1 to 4999 DDDs, 5000 to 10 000 DDDs, and more than 10 000 DDDs. RESULTS Among the 3520 individuals with FH (1863 women [52.9%]; mean [SD] age at the start of follow-up, 51.8 [11.5] years) and the 69 713 controls (36 958 women [53.0%]; mean [SD] age at the start of follow-up, 51.7 [11.5] years), 62 patients with FH (39 women [62.9%]) and 1294 controls (801 women [61.9%]) had developed dementia over the course of 10 years of follow-up. Most dementia cases occurred among individuals aged 70 years and older (39 patients with FH [62.9%] and 870 patients [67.2%] in the control group). We found no excess risk of dementia in patients with FH vs matched controls (HR for total dementia, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.7-1.2). There was no association between cumulative DDDs of statins and total dementia in patients with FH with HRs of 1.2 (95% CI, 0.4-3.8) for cumulative DDDs of 5000 to 10 000 and 1.9 (95% CI, 0.7-5.0) for cumulative DDDs greater than 10 000. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that individuals with FH have no excess risk of dementia compared with age-matched and sex-matched controls and that there is no association between use of statins and risk of dementia in patients with FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv J. Mundal
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity, and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jannicke Igland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Institute of Health and Caring Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karianne Svendsen
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity, and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity, and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond P. Leren
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity, and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Svendsen K, Defaye M, Sharkey KA, Altier C. A36 NON-PSYCHOTROPIC PHYTOCANNABINOIDS ATTENUATE VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY IN DEXTRAN SULFATE SODIUM (DSS)-INDUCED COLITIS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [PMCID: PMC8859311 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are complex chronic diseases that affect an increasing proportion of the population. Abdominal pain is a major clinical symptom, but current treatments are limited and a source of frustration for patients, many of whom seek alternatives such as cannabis. Cannabis contains many compounds with therapeutic potential that do not have the prohibitive psychotropic effects of tetrahydrocannabinol. These non-psychotropic cannabinoids (npCBs) have a variety of effects including analgesia and anti-inflammatory actions and show potentiating effects when administered in combination. The range of actions of these compounds potentially allows for their development as novel therapeutics for treatment of pain in IBD. Aims To investigate the analgesic effects of cannabichromene (CBC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidivarin (CBDV), and cannabigerol (CBG), individually and in combination, in the treatment of colitis-evoked visceral hypersensitivity. Methods The analgesic effects of the npCBs were investigated in an acute dextran sodium sulfate model of colitis. Abdominal pain was quantified by electromyographic recordings of the reflexive contraction of the external oblique muscles in response to colorectal distension. Activation of the spinal cord was assessed using immunohistochemistry for the neuronal activity marker c-Fos in neurons of the spinal dorsal horn. Results CBD reduced pain responses in the functional assay and spinal cord c-Fos activity in a dose-dependent manner. A single intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg, 30 minutes prior to application of the noxious stimulus, reduced pain responses to the level of non-DSS treated control animals. CBDV, and CBG were found to be ineffective in either assay at doses of 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg. Conclusions These results suggest CBD may be a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of colitis–induced visceral hypersensitivity with rapid translational value due to the legalization of cannabis and rapidly growing cannabis industry in Canada. Additionally, CBDV, CBC, and CBG will be further investigated for their analgesic effects and any potentiating effects from administration of multiple npCBs examined. Funding Agencies Alberta Innovates
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Affiliation(s)
- K Svendsen
- University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M Defaye
- University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - K A Sharkey
- University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - C Altier
- University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
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14
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Choi Y, Gallaher DD, Svendsen K, Meyer KA, Steffen LM, Schreiner PJ, Shikany JM, Rana JS, Duprez DA, Jacobs DR. Simple Nutrient-Based Rules vs. a Nutritionally Rich Plant-Centered Diet in Prediction of Future Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke: Prospective Observational Study in the US. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030469. [PMID: 35276828 PMCID: PMC8837984 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand nutrition paradigm shift from nutrients to foods and dietary patterns, we compared associations of a nutrient-based blood cholesterol-lowering diet vs. a food-based plant-centered diet with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Participants were 4701 adults aged 18-30 years and free of cardiovascular disease at baseline, followed for clinical events from 1985 and 86 to 2018. A plant-centered diet was represented by higher A Priori Diet Quality Score (APDQS). A blood cholesterol-lowering diet was represented by lower Keys Score. Proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR). Higher APDQS showed a nutrient-dense composition that is low in saturated fat but high in fiber, vitamins and minerals. Keys Score and APDQS changes were each inversely associated with concurrent plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) change. Over follow-up, 116 CHD and 80 stroke events occurred. LDL-C predicted CHD, but not stroke. APDQS, but not Keys Score, predicted lower risk of CHD and of stroke. Adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for each 1-SD higher APDQS were 0.73 (0.55-0.96) for CHD and 0.70 (0.50-0.99) for stroke. Neither low dietary fat nor low dietary carbohydrate predicted these events. Our findings support the ongoing shift in diet messages for cardiovascular prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuni Choi
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; (Y.C.); (L.M.S.); (P.J.S.)
| | - Daniel D. Gallaher
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Karianne Svendsen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway;
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Katie A. Meyer
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina—Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 28081, USA;
| | - Lyn M. Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; (Y.C.); (L.M.S.); (P.J.S.)
| | - Pamela J. Schreiner
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; (Y.C.); (L.M.S.); (P.J.S.)
| | - James M. Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA;
| | - Jamal S. Rana
- Divisions of Cardiology and Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Department of Medicine, University of California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA;
| | - Daniel A. Duprez
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
- Correspondence: (D.A.D.); (D.R.J.J.); Tel.: +61-2624-4948 (D.A.D.); +61-2624–1818 (D.R.J.J.)
| | - David R. Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; (Y.C.); (L.M.S.); (P.J.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.A.D.); (D.R.J.J.); Tel.: +61-2624-4948 (D.A.D.); +61-2624–1818 (D.R.J.J.)
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15
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Zinöcker MK, Svendsen K, Dankel SN. Reply to A Laila. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:823-824. [PMID: 34337662 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marit Kolby Zinöcker
- From the Bjørknes University College, Department of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Simon Nitter Dankel
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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16
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Choi Y, Gallaher D, Svendsen K, Meyer K, Steffen L, Schreiner P, Duprez D, Shikany J, Rana J, Jacobs DJ. Which Predicts Incident Cardiovascular Disease Better: A Plant-Centered Diet or a Low-Saturated Fat Diet? The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab053_012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
A low-saturated fat diet has been suggested to reduce serum cholesterol and thereby presumably lower the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). We compared associations of a low-saturated fat diet vs a plant-centered diet with lower serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration and risk of incident CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke.
Methods
We followed 4,887 Black and White men and women in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort, ages 18–30 years and free of CVD at baseline from 1985–86 (exam year 0) to 2018 (year 32). The A Priori Diet Quality Score (APDQS), a measure of plant-centered diet quality, was assessed in an interviewer-administered diet history at years 0, 7, and 20. Higher APDQS implies higher intake of nutritionally-rich plant foods with less high-fat meats and unhealthy plant foods. Low-saturated fat diet was judged by lower the Keys score, based on saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, and dietary cholesterol intake. Linear and proportional hazards regression models were used, the latter with time-varying average APDQS and CVD outcomes, both adjusted for age, sex, race, education, energy intake, physical activity, smoking, and parental history of CVD (CVD outcome only).
Results
Higher APDQS had higher dietary fiber and lower total and saturated fat. Keys score and APDQS 7-year changes correlated similarly with lower concurrent LDL-C change. During the 32 year follow-up, we documented 280,135, and 92 incident cases of CVD, CHD, and stroke, respectively. LDL-C predicted CVD and CHD, but not stroke. APDQS, but not Keys score, was associated with a lower risk of each CVD outcome. Multivariable-adjusted HRs per 1-SD increment for the APDQS were 0.81 (95% CI: 0.68 − 0.96) for CVD, 0.78 (95% CI: 0.61 − 1.00) for CHD, and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.52 − 0.98) for stroke. The primary results for APDQS and for LDL-C were not substantially altered in mutually adjusted models.
Conclusions
Both a plant-centered and a low-saturated fat diet were associated with lower LDL-C. A plant-centered diet and LDL-C, but not a low-saturated fat diet, were associated with long-term CVD risk. Our findings imply that dietary strategies aimed solely to lower saturated fat may be less effective in reducing CVD burden than recommendations for a plant-centered diet.
Funding Sources
HFHL, MnDRIVE, NHLBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuni Choi
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota
| | - Daniel Gallaher
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Katie Meyer
- Nutrition Department, University of North Carolina
| | - Lyn Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota
| | - Pamela Schreiner
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota
| | - Daniel Duprez
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota
| | - James Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Jamal Rana
- Divisions of Cardiology and Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland. Department of Medicine, University of California
| | - David Jr Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota
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17
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Zinöcker MK, Svendsen K, Levental KR, Levental I, Dankel SN. Reply to JJ Christensen et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:1712-1713. [PMID: 34060598 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marit K Zinöcker
- From the Department of Health Sciences, Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kandice R Levental
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ilya Levental
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Simon N Dankel
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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18
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Zinöcker MK, Svendsen K, Dankel SN. The homeoviscous adaptation to dietary lipids (HADL) model explains controversies over saturated fat, cholesterol, and cardiovascular disease risk. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:277-289. [PMID: 33471045 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SFAs play the leading role in 1 of the greatest controversies in nutrition science. Relative to PUFAs, SFAs generally increase circulating concentrations of LDL cholesterol, a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, the purpose of regulatory mechanisms that control the diet-induced lipoprotein cholesterol dynamics is rarely discussed in the context of human adaptive biology. We argue that better mechanistic explanations can help resolve lingering controversies, with the potential to redefine aspects of research, clinical practice, dietary advice, public health management, and food policy. In this paper we propose a novel model, the homeoviscous adaptation to dietary lipids (HADL) model, which explains changes in lipoprotein cholesterol as adaptive homeostatic adjustments that serve to maintain cell membrane fluidity and hence optimal cell function. Due to the highly variable intake of fatty acids in humans and other omnivore species, we propose that circulating lipoproteins serve as a buffer to enable the rapid redistribution of cholesterol molecules between specific cells and tissues that is necessary with changes in dietary fatty acid supply. Hence, circulating levels of LDL cholesterol may change for nonpathological reasons. Accordingly, an SFA-induced raise in LDL cholesterol in healthy individuals could represent a normal rather than a pathologic response. These regulatory mechanisms may become disrupted secondarily to pathogenic processes in association with insulin resistance and the presence of other ASCVD risk factors, as supported by evidence showing diverging lipoprotein responses in healthy individuals as opposed to those with metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and obesity. Corresponding with the model, we suggest alternative contributing factors to the association between elevated LDL cholesterol concentrations and ASCVD, involving dietary factors beyond SFAs, such as an increased endotoxin load from diet-gut microbiome interactions and subsequent chronic low-grade inflammation that interferes with fine-tuned signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karianne Svendsen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simon Nitter Dankel
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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19
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Vallières S, Salvadori M, Permogorov A, Cantono G, Svendsen K, Chen Z, Sun S, Consoli F, d'Humières E, Wahlström CG, Antici P. Enhanced laser-driven proton acceleration using nanowire targets. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2226. [PMID: 33500441 PMCID: PMC7838319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-driven proton acceleration is a growing field of interest in the high-power laser community. One of the big challenges related to the most routinely used laser-driven ion acceleration mechanism, Target-Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA), is to enhance the laser-to-proton energy transfer such as to maximize the proton kinetic energy and number. A way to achieve this is using nanostructured target surfaces in the laser-matter interaction. In this paper, we show that nanowire structures can increase the maximum proton energy by a factor of two, triple the proton temperature and boost the proton numbers, in a campaign performed on the ultra-high contrast 10 TW laser at the Lund Laser Center (LLC). The optimal nanowire length, generating maximum proton energies around 6 MeV, is around 1–2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\upmu$$\end{document}μm. This nanowire length is sufficient to form well-defined highly-absorptive NW forests and short enough to minimize the energy loss of hot electrons going through the target bulk. Results are further supported by Particle-In-Cell simulations. Systematically analyzing nanowire length, diameter and gap size, we examine the underlying physical mechanisms that are provoking the enhancement of the longitudinal accelerating electric field. The parameter scan analysis shows that optimizing the spatial gap between the nanowires leads to larger enhancement than by the nanowire diameter and length, through increased electron heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vallières
- INRS-EMT, 1650 blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1P7, Canada. .,CELIA, Univ. of Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33400, Talence, France.
| | - M Salvadori
- INRS-EMT, 1650 blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1P7, Canada.,National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044, Frascati, Rome, Italy.,Univ. of Rome "La Sapienza", P. Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - A Permogorov
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - G Cantono
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - K Svendsen
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Z Chen
- INRS-EMT, 1650 blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - S Sun
- INRS-EMT, 1650 blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - F Consoli
- National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044, Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - E d'Humières
- CELIA, Univ. of Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33400, Talence, France
| | - C-G Wahlström
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - P Antici
- INRS-EMT, 1650 blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1P7, Canada
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20
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Svendsen K, Krogh HW, Igland J, Tell GS, Mundal LJ, Holven KB, Bogsrud MP, Leren TP, Retterstøl K. 2.5-fold increased risk of recurrent acute myocardial infarction with familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 2020; 319:28-34. [PMID: 33465659 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A first-time acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a severe diagnosis that leads to initiation or intensification of lipid-lowering medication to prevent recurrent events. Individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) already use high-intensity lipid-lowering medication at the time of an incident AMI due to their diagnosis. Hence, we hypothesized that compared with matched non-FH controls, individuals with genetically verified FH have increased mortality and risk of recurrent AMI after their first event. METHODS The study population comprised 4871 persons with genetically verified FH, and 96,251 age and sex matched controls randomly selected from the Norwegian population. Data were obtained from the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway Project, the Norwegian Patient Registry and the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. Incidence of AMI, all-cause mortality and recurrent AMI after incident AMI were analyzed for the period 2001-2017. Incidence and mortality were compared using hazard ratios (HR) from Cox regression. Risk of recurrent AMI was compared using sub-hazard ratios (SHR) from competing risk regression with death as a competing event. RESULTS We identified 232 individuals with FH and 2118 controls with an incident AMI [HR 2.10 (95% CI 1.83-2.41)]. Among survivors ≥29 days after the incident AMI, both mortality [HR = 1.45 (95% CI: 1.07-1.95)] and recurrent AMI [SHR = 2.53 (95% CI: 1.88-3.41)] were significantly increased among individuals with FH compared with non-FH controls. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with FH have increased mortality and increased risk of recurrent AMI after the first AMI event compared with controls. These findings call for intensive follow-up of individuals with FH following an AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karianne Svendsen
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Henriette W Krogh
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Jannicke Igland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Health and Social Sciences, Institute of Health and Caring Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway; Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Liv J Mundal
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Martin P Bogsrud
- National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Trond P Leren
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
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21
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Svendsen K, Jacobs DR, Mørch-Reiersen LT, Garstad KW, Henriksen HB, Telle-Hansen VH, Retterstøl K. Evaluating the use of the heart age tool in community pharmacies: a 4-week cluster-randomized controlled trial. Eur J Public Health 2020; 30:1139-1145. [PMID: 32206810 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Joint British Societies have developed a tool that utilizes information on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors to estimate an individual's 'heart age'. We studied if using heart age as an add-on to conventional risk communication could enhance the motivation for adapting to a healthier lifestyle resulting in improved whole-blood cholesterol and omega-3 status after 4 weeks. METHODS A total of 48 community pharmacies were cluster-randomized to use heart age+conventional risk communication (intervention) or only conventional risk communication (control) in 378 subjects after CVD risk-factor assessment. Dried blood spots were obtained with a 4-week interval to assay whole-blood cholesterol and omega-3 fatty acids. We also explored pharmacy-staff's (n=27) perceived utility of the heart age tool. RESULTS Subjects in the intervention pharmacies (n=137) had mean heart age 64 years and chorological age 60 years. In these, cholesterol decreased by median (interquartile range) -0.10 (-0.40, 0.35) mmol/l. Cholesterol decreased by -0.20 (-0.70, 0.30) mmol/l (P difference =0.24) in subjects in the control pharmacies (n=120) with mean chronological age 60 years. We observed increased concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids after 4 weeks, non-differentially between groups. Pharmacy-staff (n=27) agreed that heart age was a good way to communicate CVD risk, and most (n=25) agreed that it appeared to motivate individuals to reduce elevated CVD risk factors. CONCLUSIONS The heart age tool was considered a convenient and motivating communication tool by pharmacy-staff. Nevertheless, communicating CVD risk as heart age was not more effective than conventional risk communication alone in reducing whole-blood cholesterol levels and improving omega-3 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karianne Svendsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Hege Berg Henriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Svendsen K, Langslet G, Krogh HW, Brinck J, Klausen IC, Stenehjem JS, Holven KB, Bogsrud MP, Retterstøl K. Genetic testing is essential for initiating statin therapy in children with familial hypercholesterolemia: Examples from Scandinavia. Atherosclerosis 2020; 316:48-52. [PMID: 33302044 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), statin treatment should be considered from 8 to 10 years of age, but the prevalence of statin use among children is not known. METHODS Statin use (2008-2018) among children aged 10-14 and 15-19 years was obtained from the national prescription databases in Norway, Sweden and Denmark. We assumed that all statin users in these age groups had FH, and that the estimated prevalence of FH is 1 in 250 inhabitants. Changes in prevalence rates of statin use between 2008 and 2018 by country, age and sex were estimated using the Joinpoint Regression Program version 4.8.0.1. Differences in prevalence rate ratio each year between countries were analyzed using Poisson regression. RESULTS Among children aged 10-14 years, there was a significant increase in statin use in Norway and Denmark between 2008 and 2018, while in Sweden an increase was only seen after 2014. Among children aged 15-19 years, an increase in statin use was only observed in Norway and Sweden between 2008 and 2018. Statin use was significantly more prevalent in Norway than in Sweden and Denmark each year, and in 2018 the proportion of children using statins was 4-5 times (10-14 years) and 3 times (15-19 years) higher in Norway compared with Sweden and Denmark. In 2018 in Norway, 19% and 35% of children aged 10-14 years and 15-19 years estimated to have FH used statins respectively; corresponding percentages in Sweden were 4.5% and 10%, and in Denmark 3% and 12%. In Norway, the increase in statin use between 2008 and 2018 roughly corresponded to the increase in children with genetically verified FH. CONCLUSIONS Between 2008 and 2018, statin use increased in children aged 10-19 years in Norway, Sweden and Denmark, but with large differences between the countries; statin use was 3-5 times more prevalent in Norway than in Sweden and Denmark, which may be due to a more widespread use of genetic testing for FH in Norway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karianne Svendsen
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gisle Langslet
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Henriette W Krogh
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas Brinck
- Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska universitetssjukhuset, Sweden; Department of medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | | | - Jo S Stenehjem
- Oslo Centre of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; National advisory unit on familial hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Martin P Bogsrud
- National advisory unit on familial hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
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Svendsen K, Igland J, Krogh H, Tell G, Holven K, Jacobs D, Mundal L, Bogsrud M, Leren T, Retterstøl K. Quantitative assessment of the lifelong, substantial increased risk of coronary revascularization in familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Svendsen K, Igland J, Mundal L, Urke E, Krogh H, Holven K, Bogsrud M, Leren T, Retterstøl K. No increased risk of cognitive impairment in familial hypercholesterolemia compared with controls. Atherosclerosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Svendsen K, Krogh H, Igland J, Tell G, Mundal L, Holven K, Bogsrud M, Leren T, Retterstol K. Individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia have increased risk of re-hospitalization after acute myocardial infarction compared with controls. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and aim
We have previously reported that individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) have a two-fold increased risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) compared with the general population. The consequences of having an AMI on re-hospitalization and mortality are however less known. The aim of the present study was to compare the risk of re-hospitalization with AMI and CHD and risk of mortality after incident (first) AMI-hospitalization between persons with and without FH (controls).
Methods
The original study population comprised 5691 persons diagnosed with FH during 1992–2014 and 119511 age and sex matched controls randomly selected from the general Norwegian population. We identified 221 individuals with FH and 1947 controls with an incident AMI registered in the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR) or the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway Project during 2001–2017. Persons with incident AMI were followed until December 31st 2017 for re-hospitalization with AMI or coronary heart disease (CHD) registered in the NPR, and for mortality through linkage to the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. Risk of re-hospitalization was compared with sub-hazard ratios (SHR) from competing risk regression with death as competing event, and mortality was compared using hazard ratios (HR) from Cox regression. All models were adjusted for age.
Results
Risk of re-hospitalization was 2-fold increased both for AMI [SHR=2.53 (95% CI: 1.88–3.41)] and CHD [SHR=1.82 (95% CI: 1.44–2.28)]. However, persons with FH did not have increased 28-day mortality following an incident AMI (HR=1.05 (95% CI: 0.62–1.78), but the longer-term (>28 days) mortality after first AMI was increased in FH [HR=1.45 (95% CI: 1.07–1.95].
Conclusion
This study yields the important finding that persons with FH have increased risk of re-hospitalization of both AMI and CHD after incident AMI. These findings call for more intensive follow-up of individuals with FH after an AMI.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital
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Affiliation(s)
- K Svendsen
- University of Oslo & Oslo University Hospital, Department of Nutrition and The Lipid Clinic, Oslo, Norway
| | - H.W Krogh
- University of Oslo, Department of Nutrition, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Igland
- University of Bergen, Global Public Health and Primary Care, Bergen, Norway
| | - G.S Tell
- University of Bergen, Global Public Health and Primary Care, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - K.B Holven
- University of Oslo & Oslo University Hospital, Department of Nutrition & Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - T Leren
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Retterstol
- University of Oslo & Oslo University Hospital, Department of Nutrition and The Lipid Clinic, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between use of light rapid or light rail transit (LRT) systems by persons with severe visual impairments and independence in orientation and mobility. It found that orientation and mobility training on LRT systems would resolve many of the difficulties that users of the systems encountered. Modification that would make the systems more easily accessible to visually impaired travelers are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Svendsen
- 21241 Cutler Place, Maple Ridge, British Columbia, V2X 8P8, Canada
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27
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Svendsen K, Olsen T, Nordstrand Rusvik TC, Ulven SM, Holven KB, Retterstøl K, Telle-Hansen VH. Fatty acid profile and estimated desaturase activities in whole blood are associated with metabolic health. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:102. [PMID: 32438926 PMCID: PMC7243306 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to investigate if fatty acid profile and estimated desaturase activities; stearoyl CoA-desaturase (SCD), delta-5-desaturase and delta-6-desaturase (D5D; D6D), differ between individuals with metabolically healthy (MH) and unhealthy (MU) phenotypes. We also explored these associations according to BMI categories. METHODS Men and women at moderately elevated risk of cardiovascular disease were included in this cross-sectional study (n = 321). If subjects met ≥4 out of 5 criteria (elevated triglycerides, total and LDL-cholesterol, HbA1c and low HDL-cholesterol), they were classified as MU (n = 52). If levels were within reference ranges for ≥3 of the same criteria, subjects were classified as MH (n = 150). Utilizing the entire population, a score ranging from 0 to 5 denoting the number of MU criteria met was computed. Estimated desaturase activities were calculated as product-to-precursor ratio of fatty acids in whole blood (SCD16 [16:1n7/16:0], SCD18 [18:1n9/18:0], D5D [18:3n6/18:2n6], D6D [20:4n6/20:3n6]). RESULTS Individuals with MH had lower estimated SCD16 and SCD18 activities, whereas estimated D6D activity was higher compared to MU. Similar, SCD16 and SCD18 increased, whereas D6D decreased with increasing criteria of MU. Trends were similar across BMI categories. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the notion of estimated desaturase activities as possible novel biomarkers of metabolic health irrespectively of BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karianne Svendsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tove C. Nordstrand Rusvik
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M. Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 4 St Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
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28
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Olsen T, Øvrebø B, Haj-Yasein N, Lee S, Svendsen K, Hjorth M, Bastani NE, Norheim F, Drevon CA, Refsum H, Vinknes KJ. Effects of dietary methionine and cysteine restriction on plasma biomarkers, serum fibroblast growth factor 21, and adipose tissue gene expression in women with overweight or obesity: a double-blind randomized controlled pilot study. J Transl Med 2020; 18:122. [PMID: 32160926 PMCID: PMC7065370 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary restriction of methionine and cysteine is a well-described model that improves metabolic health in rodents. To investigate the translational potential in humans, we evaluated the effects of dietary methionine and cysteine restriction on cardiometabolic risk factors, plasma and urinary amino acid profile, serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression in women with overweight and obesity in a double-blind randomized controlled pilot study. Methods Twenty women with overweight or obesity were allocated to a diet low (Met/Cys-low, n = 7), medium (Met/Cys-medium, n = 7) or high (Met/Cys-high, n = 6) in methionine and cysteine for 7 days. The diets differed only by methionine and cysteine content. Blood and urine were collected at day 0, 1, 3 and 7 and subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were taken at day 0 and 7. Results Plasma methionine and cystathionine and urinary total cysteine decreased, whereas FGF21 increased in the Met/Cys-low vs. Met/Cys-high group. The Met/Cys-low group had increased mRNA expression of lipogenic genes in adipose tissue including DGAT1. When we excluded one participant with high fasting insulin at baseline, the Met/Cys-low group showed increased expression of ACAC, DGAT1, and tendencies for increased expression of FASN and SCD1 compared to the Met/Cys-high group. The participants reported satisfactory compliance and that the diets were moderately easy to follow. Conclusions Our data suggest that dietary methionine and cysteine restriction may have beneficial effects on circulating biomarkers, including FGF21, and influence subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression. These results will aid in the design and implementation of future large-scale dietary interventions with methionine and cysteine restriction. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03629392, registration date: 14/08/2018 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03629392.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bente Øvrebø
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadia Haj-Yasein
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sindre Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karianne Svendsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, OUS HF Aker Sykehus, Postboks 4959, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nasser E Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
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29
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Krogh HW, Svendsen K, Igland J, Mundal LJ, Holven KB, Bogsrud MP, Leren TP, Retterstøl K. Lower risk of smoking-related cancer in individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia compared with controls: a prospective matched cohort study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19273. [PMID: 31848411 PMCID: PMC6917694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
According to guidelines, individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) shall receive lifestyle intervention and intensive lipid-lowering treatment from early in life to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. Our aim was to study if treatment of FH also could affect risk of lifestyle-related cancer. We presented cumulative incidence of total cancer and lifestyle-related cancer sites in individuals with genetically verified FH (n = 5531) compared with age and sex matched controls (n = 108354). Individuals with FH had 20% lower risk of smoking-related cancer compared with the control population [HR 0.80 (95% CI, 0.65–0.98)], in particular men with FH at 40–69 years at age of diagnosis with HR 0.69 (95% CI, 0.49–0.97). The FH population and controls had similar rates of total cancer [HR 0.97 (95% CI, 0.86–1.09)], cancer related to poor diet [HR 0.82 (95% CI, 0.59–1.15)], cancer related to physical inactivity [HR 0.93 (95% CI, 0.73–1.18)], alcohol-related cancer [HR 0.98 (95% CI, 0.80–1.22)] and cancer related to obesity [HR 1.03 (95% CI, 0.89–1.21)]. In summary, we found reduced risk of smoking-related cancer in individuals with FH, most likely due to a lower prevalence of smoking. Implications of these findings can be increased motivation and thus compliance to treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette W Krogh
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Karianne Svendsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jannicke Igland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Health and Social Sciences, Institute of Health and caring Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Liv J Mundal
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin P Bogsrud
- National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond P Leren
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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30
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Svendsen K, Walaas Krogh H, Bogsrud MP, Holven KB, Retterstol K. P1224Statin treatment in children with familial hypercholesterolemia in Scandinavia. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
New European guidelines recommend that patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) should initiate treatment with statins at age 8–10 years. The number of children using statins has not yet been investigated. The aim of the present study was to describe the number of statin users <19 years of age in the Scandinavian countries: Sweden, Denmark and Norway.
Methods
In the Scandinavian countries, statins are only available by prescription, and there are national registries for the use of perscriptional drugs. In the present study, we assumed that the number of children using statins is equivalent to a positive FH diagnosis in these countries. Using the estimated frequency of FH of 1:250, we calculated the number of expected children with FH per year. Next, the percentage of all FH children who were treated according to the national registries were calculated. We also calculated changes between 2006 and 2016.
Results
As shown in Table 1, 1086 children 5–19 years in Scandinavia used statins in 2016. In the ages 10–19 years, statins were more frequent used in Norwegian FH children than in children from Denmark and Sweden (Figure 1). Nevertheless, the number of children aged 5–19 years using statins increased from about 2% to 4% between 2006 and 2016 in Sweden and Denmark (n=109 and n=136 respectively) and from about 5% to 10% in Norway (n=340).
Discussion
We observed a modest increase in statin users aged 5–19 years in the Scandinavian countries during a 10-year period. Nevertheless, our findings indicate that it will take decades to implement the current Statin-recommendation. Possible reasons for the difference in the degree of treatment between the countries will be discussed during the presentation, in particular with respect to genetic testing and cascade screening.
Table 1. Statin use according to age and gender Age (year) Male, N (%) Female, N (%) Both Sexes, N (%) 5–9 36 (3) 30 (3) 67 (6) 10–14 158 (15) 127 (12) 294 (27) 15–19 327 (30) 395 (36) 725 (67) 0–19 521 (48) 552 (51) 1086 (100)
Figure 1. Percent of FH children using statins
Conclusions
Despite increased statin use during the last years, there is still a severe undertreatment of children with FH in the Scandinavian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Svendsen
- Oslo University Hospital & University of Oslo, The Lipid Clinic & Department of Nutrition, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Walaas Krogh
- University of Oslo, Department of Nutrition, Oslo, Norway
| | - M P Bogsrud
- Oslo University Hospital, National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia & Unit of Cardiac and Cadiovascular Genetic, Oslo, Norway
| | - K B Holven
- University of Oslo & Oslo University Hospital, Department of Nutrition & Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Retterstol
- University of Oslo & Oslo University Hospital, Department of Nutrition and The Lipid Clinic, Oslo, Norway
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Svendsen K, Walaas Krogh H, Igland J, Holven KB, Mundal L, Tell GS, Leren TP, Retterstol K. P818Incidence of coronary heart disease in patients with familiar hypercholesterolemia compared to age- and sex- matched controls. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is caused by mutations leading to high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the blood. The primary aim was to describe mutations in a large sample of individuals with FH, and compare risk of first-time hospitalization for coronary heart disease (CHD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between FH mutation carriers and healthy controls. The secondary aim was to compare risk of death and re-hospitalization among FH mutation carriers and controls with a first event of CHD and AMI.
Methods
This study is a prospective matched cohort study comprising a sample of 5691 persons with FH and 119 511 age- and sex- matched controls randomly selected from the general Norwegian population. Information on CHD and AMI were obtained from Norwegian Patient Registry, the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway project and the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. Endpoints are defined according to the International Classification of Diseases, version 9 (ICD9) or version 10 (ICD10). Risk among persons with FH will be compared to healthy controls in terms of hazard ratios (HR) from Cox regression with follow-up time calculated from time of FH-diagnosis for the person with FH in each matched set.
Results
In total 51.8% (n=61866) of the combined sample were women with mean age 49.0±20.3 years, whereas 48.2% (n=57645) were men with mean age 46.8±19.6 years. There were 236 different FH mutations registered among the FH mutation carriers. The most frequent mutation was 313+1g>A, that accounted for 20.7% (n=1178) of the total, followed by C210G with 12.1% (n=690). Results for incidence of CHD, AMI, and mortality after CHD and AMI and readmission rates are not yet available but will be presented at the conference.
Acknowledgement/Funding
The study is funded by South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority
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Affiliation(s)
- K Svendsen
- Oslo University Hospital & University of Oslo, The Lipid Clinc & Department of Nutrition, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Walaas Krogh
- University of Oslo, Department of Nutrition, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Igland
- University of Bergen, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Bergen, Norway
| | - K B Holven
- University of Oslo & Oslo University Hospital, Department of Nutrition & Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo, Norway
| | - L Mundal
- Oslo University Hospital, The Lipid Clinic, Oslo, Norway
| | - G S Tell
- University of Bergen, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Bergen, Norway
| | - T P Leren
- Oslo University Hospital, Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Retterstol
- Oslo University Hospital & University of Oslo, The Lipid Clinc & Department of Nutrition, Oslo, Norway
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Svendsen K, Jacobs D, Mørch-Reiersen L, Garstad K, Telle-Hansen V, Retterstøl K. Exploring The Effect Of Using Heart Age In A Community-Pharmacy Setting: A Four-Week Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. Atherosclerosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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33
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Svendsen K, Jacobs DR, Røyseth IT, Garstad KW, Byfuglien MG, Granlund L, Mørch-Reiersen LT, Telle-Hansen VH, Retterstøl K. Community pharmacies offer a potential high-yield and convenient arena for total cholesterol and CVD risk screening. Eur J Public Health 2019; 29:17-23. [PMID: 30239673 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Moderately elevated blood total cholesterol (TC), blood glucose (BG) and blood pressure (BP) are rarely symptomatic and as such many individuals remain untreated. We studied the yield of an in-pharmacy screening for identifying undetected high TC and strategies to reach those with absence of prior measurement of TC, BG and BP. Methods A cross-sectional TC screening study with complementary TC measurements and self-administered questionnaire was conducted for 1 week in each of 2012 and 2014 in 148 and 149 BootsTM Norge AS community pharmacies nationwide in Norway. Results Non-medicated adults (n = 21 090) with mean age 54.5 ± 16.0 were included. The study population resembled the Norwegian population in regards to body mass index, educational level, smokers and physical inactivity level, but with an overrepresentation of middle-aged women. Of 20 743 with available data, 11% (n = 2337) were unaware of their high TC ≥7.0 mmol/L, and an additional 8% were unaware of TC ≥6.2 mmol/L. More than 40% of the study sample had not measured TC or BG before. In order for future screenings to reach those who are less likely to have previously measured TC and BG, our results suggest that young, low-educated, overweight men and women should be targeted for TC measurement, whereas normal weigh men in all ages should be targeted for BG measurement. Conclusions In total 19% in an in-pharmacy screening were unaware of their elevated TC of ≥6.2 mmol/L. We also identified characteristics that could be used reach those who are less likely to have measured TC and BG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karianne Svendsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ida Tonning Røyseth
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs plass, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | - Vibeke H Telle-Hansen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs plass, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway.,The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
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Svendsen K, González IG, Hansson M, Svensson JB, Ekerfelt H, Persson A, Lundh O. Optimization of soft X-ray phase-contrast tomography using a laser wakefield accelerator. Opt Express 2018; 26:33930-33941. [PMID: 30650824 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.033930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
X-ray phase-contrast imaging allows for non-invasive analysis in low-absorbing materials, such as soft tissue. Its application in medical or materials science has yet to be realized on a wider scale due to the requirements on the X-ray source, demanding high flux and small source size. Laser wakefield accelerators generate betatron X-rays fulfilling these criteria and can be suitable sources for phase-contrast imaging. In this work, we present the first phase-contrast images obtained by using ionization injection-based laser wakefield acceleration, which results in a higher photon yield and smoother X-ray beam profile compared to self-injection. A peak photon yield of 1.9 × 1011 ph/sr and a source size of 3 μm were estimated. Furthermore, the current laser parameters produce an X-ray spectrum mainly in the soft X-ray range, in which laser-plasma based phase-contrast imaging had yet to be studied. The phase-contrast images of a Chrysopa lacewing resolve features on the order of 4 μm. These images are further used for a tomographic reconstruction and a volume rendering, showing details on the order of tens of μm.
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Svendsen K, Telle-Hansen VH, Mørch-Reiersen LT, Garstad KW, Thyholt K, Granlund L, Henriksen HB, Gran JM, Jacobs Jr DR, Retterstøl K. A randomized controlled trial in Norwegian pharmacies on effects of risk alert and advice in people with elevated cardiovascular risk. Prev Med Rep 2018; 12:79-86. [PMID: 30191097 PMCID: PMC6125803 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated if alerting subjects to elevated total cholesterol (TC), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and blood pressure (BP) (cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors that are usually asymptomatic), and if providing advice would result in reduced risk. We conducted a multicenter (50 community pharmacies) parallel three-arm 8-week randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a 52-week follow-up visit. During six days of screening, TC, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, HbA1c, BP and body mass index (BMI) were assessed in 1318 individuals. Of these, 582 with a measured and predefined elevated ad hoc CVD risk score were randomized to either Alert/advice (n = 198) (immediately alerted of their screening result and received healthy lifestyle-advice), Advice-only (n = 185) (received only advice) or Control (n = 199) (not alert, no advice). Changes in risk score and self-reported health-related behaviors (diet, alcohol, physical activity) were assessed in pharmacies after 8 weeks (N = 543; 93%). Although the primary analysis showed no significant difference between groups, the Control group had the largest reduction in risk score of 14%. The total (uncontrolled) sample (N = 543) reduced the risk score by 3.2% beyond estimated regression towards the mean and improved their health-related behaviors. Among the 65% (n = 377) who returned 52 weeks after baseline, 14% reported started using CVD preventive medication after the screening. The study demonstrated that while assessing risk factors and behaviors in pharmacies proved efficient and possibly led to a small risk decrease, alerting people to their screening result did not seem to be more effective than a self-directed approach. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02223793.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karianne Svendsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Kari Thyholt
- Mills AS, P.O. Box 4644 Sofienberg, 0506 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Hege Berg Henriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Michael Gran
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - David R. Jacobs Jr
- Divison of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S. 2nd Street, Minneapolis 55455, MN, United States
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- The Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, P.O. Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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Jacobs DR, Petersen KS, Svendsen K, Ros E, Sloan CB, Steffen LM, Tapsell LC, Kris-Etherton PM. Considerations to facilitate a US study that replicates PREDIMED. Metabolism 2018; 85:361-367. [PMID: 29733820 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The PREDIMED clinical trial provided strong evidence that a Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) could help prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in high risk middle-aged/older people. This report considers the feasibility of replicating PREDIMED in the U.S., including recommendations for dietary and behavioral principles. A 14-point Mediterranean diet Adherence Score (MEDAS) guided the PREDIMED MedDiet recommendations. At baseline MEDAS points were ~8.5. During intervention this score increased to nearly 11 in MedDiet vs. 9 in control. In the MedDiet groups, only about 0.5 points of the net 2 point MEDAS increase was attributable to the gratis supplements of olive oil or nuts. An issue in a U.S. replication is the large difference in typical U.S. versus Spanish diet and lifestyle. A typical U.S. diet would achieve a MEDAS of 1-2. A replication is scientifically feasible with an assumption such as that the MedDiet reflects a continuum of specific food choices and meal patterns. As such, a 2 point change in MEDAS at any point on the continuum would be hypothesized to reduce incident CVD. A conservative approach would aim for a randomized 4 point MEDAS difference, e.g. 5-6 points vs. an average U.S. diet group that achieved only 1-2 points.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
| | - Kristina S Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, College Park, PA, United States
| | - Karianne Svendsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology & Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Carol B Sloan
- California Walnut Board and Commission, 101 Parkshore Drive, Suite 250, Folsom, CA 95630, United States
| | - Lyn M Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Linda C Tapsell
- School of Medicine and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, College Park, PA, United States
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Svendsen K, Henriksen HB, Østengen B, Jacobs DR, Telle-Hansen VH, Carlsen MH, Retterstøl K. Evaluation of a short Food Frequency Questionnaire to assess cardiovascular disease-related diet and lifestyle factors. Food Nutr Res 2018; 62:1370. [PMID: 29720928 PMCID: PMC5917418 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v62.1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Vascular lifestyle-Intervention and Screening in phArmacies (VISA) study investigates diet and lifestyle factors associated with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). As part of the study methodology, a short Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), the VISA-FFQ, was adapted from the Norwegian NORDIET-FFQ. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the VISA-FFQ and its ability to estimate intakes of foods and lifestyle factors in screening for elevated risk of CVD. The evaluation included assessment of relative validity of intake of milk fat and assessment of reproducibility of several foods and lifestyle factors. Design Relative validity of milk fat estimated from the VISA-FFQ was assessed in 307 participants by comparing estimated dietary intake of the fatty acids pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0), from milk fat with whole blood biomarkers 15:0 and 17:0. Reproducibility was evaluated in 122 participants by comparing consistency in intakes of different foods and lifestyle factors reported by the VISA-FFQ and administered twice with a 4-week interval. Results Dietary 15:0 milk fat estimated from the VISA-FFQ correlated positively with whole blood 15:0 (r = 0.32, P < 0.05). Men presented higher correlations than women did. Acceptable and consistent reproducibility (r = 0.44–0.94 and no large difference between test and retest) was observed for most beverages, milk products, spreads on bread and meat (all of which included food items categorised into at least two fat categories) and also for eggs, fruits and vegetables, nuts, pasta and rice, dessert/sweets, smoking and physical activity. Reproducibility did not consistently meet a satisfactory standard (r ≤ 0.41 or large difference between test and retest) for unsweetened cereals, fatty fish, cakes, oils, white-, bread, crispbread and rice. Conclusion The validity of the VISA-FFQ was acceptable for intake of milk fat, and there was an overall satisfactory, though variable, reproducibility for intake of several foods and lifestyle factors in the VISA-FFQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karianne Svendsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hege Berg Henriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Beate Østengen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | | | - Monica H Carlsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.,The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
Science has no clear message regarding health effects of saturated fats, it seems. Different RCTs, prospective cohort studies and meta-analysis have led to contrasting conclusions. The aim of the present commentary is to discuss some possible reasons for an apparently never-ending fat controversy. They are of a purely scientific nature, which is important to recognize, but unfortunately hard to overcome. First is the placebo problem. In pharmaceutical science, evidence-based medicine is often synonymous with data on verified medical events from long-lasting double-blind randomized placebo controlled trials. In nutritional science the lack of double-blind design and lack of placebo food generate less conclusive data than those achieved in pharmaceutical science. Some scientists may apply the same type of scientific criteria used to evaluate the effects of drugs for foods. This leaves an impression of insufficient data since in this respect the fundamental criteria for evidence based medicine are not present. The next scientific problem is the energy balance equation. In contrast to pharmaceuticals, nutrients contain energy. An increased intake of one nutrient will lead to a decreased intake of another. The effect of change in only one nutrient is then difficult to isolate. Lastly, in nutritional science, generalizability is difficult compared to pharmaceutical science. Food culture interferes with lifestyle and food habits change over time. In conclusion, all available knowledge, from molecular experiments to population studies, must be taken in to account, to convert scientific data into dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karianne Svendsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Arnesen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,The Norwegian Heart and Lung Association (LHL), Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Lipid Clinic, Medical Department, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Svendsen K, Telle-Hansen V, Garstad KW, Mørch-Reiersen L, Jacobs D, Retterstøl K. Improved health outcomes by indentifying high cardiovascular risk individuals in a pharmacy setting – A randomized controlled trial. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mellbye A, Svendsen K, Borchgrevink PC, Skurtveit S, Fredheim OMS. Concomitant medication among persistent opioid users with chronic non-malignant pain. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2012; 56:1267-76. [PMID: 22946822 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2012.02766.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent guidelines for opioid treatment of chronic non-malignant pain discourage co-medication with benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-related hypnotics, whereas co-medication with non-opioid analgesics and co-analgesics may offer a beneficial opioid sparing effect, and is recommended. The aim of this study was to describe 1-year periodic prevalence of co-medication with benzodiazepines, benzodiazepine-related hypnotics, non-opioid analgesics, co-analgesics and antidepressants in persistent opioid users with chronic non-malignant pain. METHODS The study is based on data from the Norwegian Prescription Database, covering all drugs dispensed to outpatients in 2008. Concomitant medication levels were compared between users in two definitions of persistent opioid use, all Norwegian adults dispensed opioids in 2008 and the Norwegian background population. RESULTS Of the Norwegian adult population studied, 1.2% met the criteria of persistent opioid use based on prescription pattern and prescription level. Sixty percent of persistent opioid users were dispensed a benzodiazepine or benzodiazepine-related hypnotic in amounts indicating regular use, with 15% dispensed a high amount of both classes. Sixty-two percent of persistent opioid users were dispensed one or more non-opioid analgesics, 47% an antidepressant and 33% were dispensed an antiepileptic drug. CONCLUSION Approximately 60% of persistent opioid users also receive benzodiazepines or benzodiazepine-related hypnotics in amounts indicating regular use. This is in conflict with recent guidelines for the treatment of chronic non-malignant pain and may indicate that these users are at an increased risk of developing problematic opioid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mellbye
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Pain and Palliation Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Bronfort G, Evans R, Anderson A, Svendsen K, Bracha Y, Grimm R. OA14.04. A randomized controlled trial of spinal manipulation, medication or home exercise for acute and subacute neck pain. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012. [PMCID: PMC3373740 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-s1-o56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Maiers M, Bronfort G, Evans R, Hartvigsen J, Svendsen K, Bracha Y, Schulz C, Schulz K, Grimm R. OA06.03. Spinal manipulative therapy, supervised rehabilitative exercise and home exercise for seniors with neck pain. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012. [PMCID: PMC3373326 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-s1-o23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Svendsen K, Skurtveit S, Romundstad P, Borchgrevink PC, Fredheim OMS. Differential patterns of opioid use: defining persistent opioid use in a prescription database. Eur J Pain 2011; 16:359-69. [PMID: 22337119 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2011.00018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to develop definitions to identify persons with clinically different patterns of persistent opioid use based on data from prescription databases. METHODS The study is based on data from the Norwegian Prescription Database using all dispensed opioid prescriptions during 2005-2008. Three definitions of persistent opioid use were developed using the following patient criteria: different levels of dispensed opioid amounts, number of prescriptions and the number of quarters out of the year in which prescriptions were dispensed. The three definitions each have some typical patient characteristics attached to them. The strict definition describes a typical patient using opioids to achieve a continuous serum concentration in the therapeutic range, the intermediate definition represents a typical patient using opioids daily but not around the clock and the wide definition describes a typical patient who uses opioids most of the days. To study whether the definitions accurately represent long-term use, the patient population was followed for 3 years, and the retention rate within each definition was measured. RESULTS The point prevalence of persistent opioid use in Norway (4,681,134 inhabitants) as defined by the strict, intermediate and wide definitions was 0.16% (n = 7663), 0.50% (n = 23,498) and 1.08% (n = 50,791), respectively, as of 31 December 2007. At the end of the 3-year study period, the retention within any of the definitions was 83%, 84% and 68% for patients who met the criteria of the strict, intermediate and wide definitions, respectively. CONCLUSION In the patient populations identified by the three definitions, a high rate of retention was observed, indicating that the proposed definitions can identify patients with long-term persistent use of opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Svendsen
- Pain and Palliation Research Group, Institute of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Svendsen K, Borchgrevink P, Fredheim O, Hamunen K, Mellbye A, Dale O. Choosing the unit of measurement counts: the use of oral morphine equivalents in studies of opioid consumption is a useful addition to defined daily doses. Palliat Med 2011; 25:725-32. [PMID: 21378066 DOI: 10.1177/0269216311398300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Defined daily dose (DDD) is the most common measurement unit used in drug consumption studies. The DDD for opioids may not reflect their relative clinical potencies. The aim of this study was to explore whether opioid consumption data may be interpreted differently when adding oral morphine equivalent (OMEQ) dose as a measurement unit compared with using DDD. METHODS The equianalgesic ratio of each opioid relative to morphine was tabulated. Data on opioid consumption expressed in DDD were converted to OMEQs using the equianalgesic ratios. The opioid consumption was compared in three different study settings: clinical data from an opioid switching study, trends within one country and a comparison between countries. RESULTS Using DDD, the opioid consumption in Norway between 2004-2008 increased of 6.7%, while the increase was 23.6% using OMEQ. While DDD/1000 inhabitants/day showed that Sweden had the highest consumption of opioids among the Nordic countries, OMEQ/1000 inhabitants/day showed that Denmark had the highest consumption. In the switching study DDD indicated a reduction in analgesic dosing and OMEQ an increase when switching from WHO step II to III. CONCLUSION OMEQ reflects clinical dosing better than DDD, and can give additional insight into opioid consumption when combined with DDD. Using OMEQ can also lead to different conclusions in opioid consumption studies compared with using DDD alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Svendsen
- Department of Pain and Complex Disorders, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
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Hilt B, Svendsen K, Syversen T, Aas O, Qvenild T, Sletvold H, Melø I. Occurrence of cognitive symptoms in dental assistants with previous occupational exposure to metallic mercury. Neurotoxicology 2009; 30:1202-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sjaastad AK, Svendsen K. Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Mutagenic Aldehydes, and Particulate Matter in Norwegian a la Carte Restaurants. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 2009; 53:723-9. [DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mep059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Svendsen K, Mellbye A, Fredheim O, Borchgrevink P, Dale O. 433 MONITORING THE OPIOID CONSUMPTION: MORPHINE‐EQUIVALENT DEFINED DAILY DOSE AS A SUPPLEMENT TO DDD. Eur J Pain 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1090-3801(09)60436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Svendsen
- Department of Circulation and Imaging, Medical Faculty, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - A. Mellbye
- Department of Circulation and Imaging, Medical Faculty, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - O.M.S. Fredheim
- Department of Circulation and Imaging, Medical Faculty, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - P. Borchgrevink
- Department of Circulation and Imaging, Medical Faculty, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - O. Dale
- Department of Circulation and Imaging, Medical Faculty, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Hilt B, Qvenild T, Holme J, Svendsen K, Ulvestad B. Increase in interleukin-6 and fibrinogen after exposure to dust in tunnel construction workers. Occup Environ Med 2002; 59:9-12. [PMID: 11836462 PMCID: PMC1740202 DOI: 10.1136/oem.59.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To see if there is any change in blood concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and fibrinogen during a working shift in tunnel construction workers. METHODS 12 Tunnel construction workers were followed up during a 24 hours period after returning from a 9 day work free period. The first blood sample was taken on Monday afternoon before starting the shift. Another was taken around midnight after 8 hours of work, and another the next afternoon after about 12 hours of rest. Exposure to respirable dust was measured by personal samplers. RESULTS The exposure of the workers to respirable dust, in terms of an 8 hour time weighted average, varied between 0.3 and 1.9 mg/m(3). For IL-6, there was an increase in the median serum concentration from 1.14 ng/l before starting the shift to 4.86 ng/l after 8 hours of work (p=0.002). For fibrinogen, there was an increase in the median concentration from 3.40 g/l before entering the shift to 3.70 g/l 24 hours later (p=0.044). There was a positive correlation between values of IL-6 at the end of the working shift and the fibrinogen concentrations the next afternoon (Pearson's R=0.73, p=0.007). The observed increase in IL-6 was significant for both smokers and non-smokers. CONCLUSION The study shows an increase in both IL-6 and fibrinogen concentrations during a working shift for both smoking and non-smoking tunnel construction workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hilt
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Trondheim, N-7006 Trondheim, Norway.
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