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Gao X, Bian J, Luo J, Guo K, Xiang Y, Liu H, Ding J. Radiomics-based distinction of small (≤2 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma and precancerous lesions based on unenhanced MRI. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:e659-e664. [PMID: 38341345 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2024.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM To assess the feasibility of a radiomics model based on unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to differentiate small hepatocellular carcinoma (S-HCC) (≤2 cm) and pre-hepatocellular carcinoma (Pre-HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and fourteen histopathologically confirmed 114 hepatic nodules were analysed retrospectively. All patients had undergone MRI before surgery using a 3 T MRI system. Each nodule was segmented on unenhanced MRI sequences (T1-weighted imaging [T1] and T2WI with fat-suppression [FS-T2]). Radiomics features were extracted and the optimal features were selected using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). The support vector machine (SVM) was used to establish the radiomics model. One abdominal radiologist performed the conventional qualitative analysis for classification of S-HCC and Pre-HCC. The diagnostic performances of the radiomics and radiologist models were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULT Radiomics features (n=1,223) were extracted from each sequence and the optimal features were selected from T1, FS-T2, and T1+FS-T2 to construct the radiomics models. The radiomics model based on T1+FS-T2 showed the best performance among the three models, with areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) of 0.95 (95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.875-0.986) and 0.942 (95 % CI, 0.775-0.985), accuracies of 86 % and 88.5 %, sensitivities of 94.12 % and 100 %, and specificities of 85.48 % and 85.19 %, respectively. The radiomics model on FS-T2 showed better performance on a single sequence than that of the T1-based model. The diagnostic performance for the radiomic model was significantly higher than that for the radiologist (AUC = 0.518, p<0.05). CONCLUSION This study suggested that a radiomics model based on unenhanced MRI may serve as a feasible and non-invasive tool to classify S-HCC and Pre-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Gao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - J Bian
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - J Luo
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - K Guo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Y Xiang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - H Liu
- Yizhun Medical AI Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - J Ding
- Yizhun Medical AI Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
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Zhang QY, Zhang LX, Han DH, Jiao XC, Zheng Z, Guo K, Yang YS. [Expression of endosialin in human hypertrophic scars and its regulation on fibroblast phenotype]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Yu Chuang Mian Xiu Fu Za Zhi 2023; 39:1168-1174. [PMID: 38129304 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20231030-00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the expression of endosialin, i.e., CD248 in human hypertrophic scars (HSs) and its regulatory effect on the phenotype of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs). Methods: The method of experimental research was used. From March to May, 2023, 3 pediatric patients with HS were admitted to the Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, including 2 females and 1 male, aged one year ten months to two years. The HS tissue resected during the surgery and the remaining full-thickness skin graft, i.e., normal skin tissue after full-thickness skin grafting were collected from the aforementioned pediatric patients for subsequent experiments. Using the aforementioned two types of tissue, the histological structures were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, collagen distribution was observed by Masson staining, and the expression of CD248 was observed and measured by immunohistochemical staining. The primary HSFs were isolated from HS tissue using explant culture technique, and the 3rd to 5th passages of HSFs were used in subsequent experiments. According to the random number table, HSFs were divided into immunoglobulin G78 (IgG78)-treated group and IgG control group, which were treated with 200 nmol/L human CD248 monoclonal antibody IgG78 and human IgG control antibody for 24 h, respectively. The mRNA expressions of collagen type Ⅰ (Col Ⅰ) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in HSFs were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the protein expressions of Col Ⅰ and α-SMA in HSFs were detected by Western blotting, and the intracellular location and protein expressions of Col Ⅰ and α-SMA were detected by immunofluorescence method. The number of samples in each experiment was 3. Data were statistically analyzed with paired sample t test and independent sample t test. Results: Compared with those in normal skin tissue, the epidermis and dermis in HS tissue were significantly thicker, with massive accumulation and disordered arrangement of collagen in the dermis. The expression of CD248 in HS tissue was significantly upregulated compared with that in normal skin tissue (t=5.29, P<0.05). At post treatment hour 24, the mRNA expressions of Col Ⅰ and α-SMA of HSFs in IgG78-treated group were 0.39±0.05 and 0.56±0.09, respectively, which were significantly lower than 1.00±0.07 and 1.00±0.08 in IgG control group, respectively (with t values of 11.87 and 6.49, respectively, P values all <0.05). The protein expressions of Col Ⅰ and α-SMA of HSFs in IgG78-treated group were 0.617±0.011 and 0.67±0.14, respectively, which were significantly lower than 1.259±0.052 and 1.23±0.16 in IgG control group, respectively (with t values of 20.92 and 4.52, respectively, P values all <0.05). At post treatment hour 24, immunofluorescence staining showed that Col Ⅰ and α-SMA mainly located in the cytoplasm of HSFs in the two groups, and the protein expressions of Col Ⅰ and α-SMA of HSFs in IgG78-treated group were obviously downregulated compared with those in IgG control group. Conclusions: The expression of CD248 is significantly upregulated in human HS. Targeted blockade of CD248 can significantly inhibit the collagen synthesis by HSFs and the transdifferentiation of HSFs into myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Y Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China The Third Student Battalion, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - L X Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - D H Han
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - X C Jiao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Z Zheng
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - K Guo
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Y S Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Deng X, Shang X, Zhou L, Li X, Guo K, Xu M, Hou L, Hui X, Li S. Efficacy and Safety of Probiotics in Geriatric Patients with Constipation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:1140-1146. [PMID: 37997737 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-2028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics may be an effective alternative to traditional drug therapy for constipation in the elderly. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of probiotics in managing constipation among the elderly. METHODS Eight databases were queried for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating probiotics' efficacy in addressing constipation among the elderly until January 2023. The meta-analysis was conducted employing R software version 4.2.2. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was utilized to evaluate the risk of bias, and the GRADE approach was employed to assess the credibility of the evidence concerning the efficacy of probiotics in treating constipation in older individuals. RESULTS A total of six RCTs involving 444 patients were included. Two studies were rated as low risk of bias. The meta-analysis findings revealed that probiotics, when compared to a placebo, led to an increase in stool frequency (MD = 1.02,95% CI [0.21, 2.07], p<0.05, very low quality), the probiotic group exhibited a notable impact on ameliorating symptoms associated with constipation (OR = 11.28, 95%CI [7.21, 17.64], p < 0.05, very low quality), no significant disparities were observed in terms of efforts to evacuate, manual maneuvers, and the incidence of adverse events (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The available evidence indicates a degree of uncertainty, ranging from low-to-very low, suggesting the efficacy of probiotics in augmenting bowel frequency and ameliorating constipation-related symptoms among elderly patients with constipation. Nevertheless, given the quality of the studies included, it is advisable to conduct further well-designed investigations with substantial sample sizes to substantiate the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Deng
- Shuangping Li, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, 2 Xiaoxihu East Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, China. Emails:
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Qiu Z, Zhang H, Xia M, Gu J, Guo K, Wang H, Miao C. Programmed Death of Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: Autophagy, Ferroptosis, and Pyroptosis. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2023; 10:95-103. [PMID: 36641613 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2023.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline, amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that the damage of cell plays an important role in AD. Cell death is a critical phenomenon for physiological functions, which promotes AD pathogenesis. Programmed cell death, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis, have been discovered that have unique biological functions and pathophysiological characteristics. Here, we review the available evidence detailing the mechanisms of programmed microglial death, including pyroptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. We also highlight the role of programmed death of microglia during the process of AD and focus on the connection between the disease and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Qiu
- Changhong Miao, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
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Yan C, Zhao L, Geng S, Guo K. LB1000 Potential role of cold atmospheric plasma in improving drug resistance of BRAFi/MEKi and immune checkpoint blockade agents in melanoma cells. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Zhang X, Che D, Guo K, Geng S. LB975 The role of gut flora metabolite butyrate in inhibiting mast cell activation via deacetylase in chronic spontaneous urticaria. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhao L, Yan C, Zhang X, Jia T, Geng S, Guo K. LB1001 Effectiveness and differentially expressed genes analysis of melanoma cells treated with cold atmospheric plasma. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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Conlon DM, Schneider CV, Ko YA, Rodrigues A, Guo K, Hand NJ, Rader DJ. Sortilin restricts secretion of apolipoprotein B-100 by hepatocytes under stressed but not basal conditions. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:144334. [PMID: 35113816 PMCID: PMC8920325 DOI: 10.1172/jci144334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants at the SORT1 locus in humans, which cause increased SORT1 expression in the liver, are significantly associated with reduced plasma levels of LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apoB). However, the role of hepatic sortilin remains controversial, as genetic deletion of sortilin in mice has resulted in variable and conflicting effects on apoB secretion. Here, we found that Sort1-KO mice on a chow diet and several Sort1-deficient hepatocyte lines displayed no difference in apoB secretion. When these models were challenged with high-fat diet or ER stress, the loss of Sort1 expression resulted in a significant increase in apoB-100 secretion. Sort1-overexpression studies yielded reciprocal results. Importantly, carriers of SORT1 variant with diabetes had larger decreases in plasma apoB, TG, and VLDL and LDL particle number as compared with people without diabetes with the same variants. We conclude that, under basal nonstressed conditions, loss of sortilin has little effect on hepatocyte apoB secretion, whereas, in the setting of lipid loading or ER stress, sortilin deficiency leads to increased apoB secretion. These results are consistent with the directionality of effect in human genetics studies and suggest that, under stress conditions, hepatic sortilin directs apoB toward lysosomal degradation rather than secretion, potentially serving as a quality control step in the apoB secretion pathway in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Conlon
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Carolin V Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Amrith Rodrigues
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Kathy Guo
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J Hand
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
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Du H, Gao X, Chen Z, Guo K, Li M. A new approach for contralateral C7 nerve transfer via retrospinal route. Hand Surg Rehabil 2022; 41:171-175. [PMID: 35033731 DOI: 10.1016/j.hansur.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anterior and posterior approaches exist for the treatment of spinal pathologies. Anatomically, the 7th cervical spinal nerve(C7)crosses the C6-C7 intervertebral foramen bilaterally, allowing contralateral prevertebral or posterior C7 nerve transfer to be used. The advantage of the posterior rather than the anterior spinal approach is that it does not require retraction of important blood vessels, nerves, or other structures. In this paper, we describe transfer of the contralateral C7 nerve using a posterior approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661, Huanghe 2(nd) Road, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, 256600, China.
| | - X Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661, Huanghe 2(nd) Road, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, 256600, China
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661, Huanghe 2(nd) Road, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, 256600, China
| | - K Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661, Huanghe 2(nd) Road, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, 256600, China
| | - M Li
- Electromyography room, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661, Huanghe 2(nd) Road, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, 256600, China.
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Wang K, Guo K, Ji Z, Liu Y, Chen F, Wu S, Zhang Q, Yao Y, Zhou Q. Association of Preeclampsia with Incident Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease among Women in the Framingham Offspring Study. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2022; 9:725-730. [DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2022.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zhang Y, Lian X, Ma D, Wu L, Guo K. Male urethral diverticulum squamous cell carcinoma containing a calculus: a rare entity. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2021; 104:e6-e8. [PMID: 34730412 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Male urethral diverticula with calculi have a low incidence. It is extremely rare when the diverticulum accompanied with carcinoma. We report a case of diverticulum of the male urethra containing giant calculi which developed into squamous cell carcinoma. The patient initially presented with lower urinary tract symptoms and a hard, painless perineal mass. We believe that the process of diagnosis and treatment is of great significance in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- First Hospital of Jilin University, China
| | - X Lian
- First Hospital of Jilin University, China
| | - D Ma
- Qianwei Hospital of Jilin Province, China
| | - L Wu
- First Hospital of Jilin University, China
| | - K Guo
- First Hospital of Jilin University, China
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Ma XH, Guo K, Dong WL, Jiang J. [Efficacy and safety of paclitaxel liposomes compared to paclitaxel combined with platinum in concurrent chemoradiotherapy for unresectable cervical carcinoma: a Meta-analysis]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2021; 43:1132-1139. [PMID: 34695906 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20210422-00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of paclitaxel liposomes compared to paclitaxel with platinum in concurrent chemoradiotherapy for unresectable cervical carcinoma. Methods: SinoMed, CNKI, WanFang MED ONLINE, VIP, PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched to collect the papers or clinical studies of paclitaxel liposomes and paclitaxel combined with platinum in concurrent chemoradiotherapy for unresectable cervical carcinoma from the inception to January 15th 2021 in Chinese and English. Two independent reviewers screened the literatures, extracted the data and assessed the bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 and R software. Results: Totally 9 papers involving 666 patients with unresectable cervical carcinoma were included. The results of meta-analysis indicated that compared to paclitaxel combined with platinum in concurrent chemoradiotherapy for unresectable cervical carcinoma, paclitaxel liposomes combined with platinum exhibited superiority in near-term efficacy (complete response + partial response) [81.4%(272/334) vs 68.7%(228/332), RR=1.19; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.29, P=0.000 1]; substantially decreased the incidence rates of blood system disorders [myelosuppressio, 50.3%(168/334)vs 65.1%(216/332)], gastrointestinal disorders [34.4%(115/334) vs 55.1%(183/332)], alopecia [42.2%(94/223)vs 63.3%(140/221)], allergic reaction [11.6% (23/198)vs 27.6%(54/196), P≤0.000 1], peripheral neuritis [43.0%(52/121) vs 54.9%(67/122)], or joint and muscle pain [20.3%(16/79) vs 34.6%(28/81), P<0.050 0]. Conclusion: Compared to paclitaxel combined with platinum in concurrent chemoradiotherapy for unresectable cervical carcinoma, paclitaxel liposomes is superior in near-term efficacy, and exhibits better safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Ma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250063, China
| | - K Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250063, China
| | - W L Dong
- Department of Data Science and Big Data Statistics, School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - J Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250063, China
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Guo K, McCool L, Wang H, Guo D, Guo D. The Modified Ultrasound-Guided Distal-to-Proximal Carpal Tunnel Injection With Median Nerve Hydrodissection: A Retrospective Safety Review of 827 Procedures. Hand (N Y) 2021; 16:407-409. [PMID: 31288592 PMCID: PMC8120585 DOI: 10.1177/1558944719861715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this report is to describe a new ultrasound guided technique for carpal tunnel injection and median nerve hydrodissection using distal to proximal approach. Methods: From 2015 to 2019, 827 consecutive injections by distal-to-proximal approach were included using coding information to check for post-procedural skin hypopigmentation, hematoma, seroma, nerve injury, or vascular injury. Results: There were no occurrences of post-procedural skin-hypopigmentation, hematoma or seroma formation, or neurovascular injury. Conclusions: The distal approach carpal tunnel injection is a safe and effective method. It may directly inject the medication into carpal tunnel to avoid skin hypopigmentation from steroid side effect with previous report method, also it may release adhesion of median nerve with surrounding soft tissue by hydrodissection. It helps median nerve compression at outlet of carpal tunnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Guo
- St. George’s University, Grenada, West Indies
| | | | - Hao Wang
- Guilford Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Center, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Danzhu Guo
- Department of Pain & Rehab Medicine, BayCare Clinic, Green Bay, WI, USA
| | - Danqing Guo
- Department of Pain & Rehab Medicine, BayCare Clinic, Green Bay, WI, USA,Danqing Guo, Department of Pain & Rehab Medicine, BayCare Clinic 2401 Holmgren Way, Green Bay, WI 54304, USA.
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Richardson G, Kichenadasse G, Ganju V, Xu J, Van H, Kong P, Yang F, Wei Y, Lu Y, Guo K, Donato L, Xu T, Coward J. MA06.09 Preliminary Safety, Efficacy Results of KN046 (Bispecific Anti-PD-L1/CTLA4) in Subjects With Rare Thoracic Tumors. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Pacheco-Barcia V, France T, Asselah J, Mondejar R, Zogopoulos G, Serrano R, Donnay O, Rogado J, Del Campo L, Martinez E, Martin E, Arlanzon C, Ochoa P, Guo K, Barrena G, Colomer Bosch R. 153P The Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI) is a prognostic factor that correlates with tumor burden in advanced pancreatic cancer. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Li F, Huangyang P, Burrows M, Guo K, Riscal R, Godfrey J, Lee KE, Lin N, Lee P, Blair IA, Keith B, Li B, Simon MC. FBP1 loss disrupts liver metabolism and promotes tumorigenesis through a hepatic stellate cell senescence secretome. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:728-739. [PMID: 32367049 PMCID: PMC7286794 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Crosstalk between deregulated hepatocyte metabolism and cells within the tumour microenvironment, and consequent effects on liver tumourigenesis, are incompletely understood. We show here that hepatocyte-specific loss of the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1) disrupts liver metabolic homeostasis and promotes tumour progression. FBP1 is universally silenced in both human and murine liver tumours. Hepatocyte-specific Fbp1 deletion results in steatosis, concomitant with activation and senescence of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), exhibiting a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Depleting senescent HSCs by “senolytic” treatment with dasatinib/quercetin or ABT-263 inhibits tumour progression. We further demonstrate that FBP1-deficient hepatocytes promote HSC activation by releasing HMGB1; blocking its release with the small molecule inflachromene limits FBP1-dependent HSC activation, subsequent SASP development, and tumour progression. Collectively, these findings provide genetic evidence for FBP1 as a metabolic tumour suppressor in liver cancer and establish a critical crosstalk between hepatocyte metabolism and HSC senescence that promotes tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuming Li
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peiwei Huangyang
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Helen Diller Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Burrows
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathy Guo
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Romain Riscal
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason Godfrey
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyoung Eun Lee
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nan Lin
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Trinity Partners, LLC, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Pearl Lee
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ian A Blair
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Keith
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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17
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Oo YH, Ackrill S, Cole R, Jenkins L, Anderson P, Jeffery HC, Jones N, Jeffery LE, Lutz P, Wawman RE, Athwal AK, Thompson J, Gray J, Guo K, Barton D, Hirschfield GM, Wong T, Guest P, Adams DH. Liver homing of clinical grade Tregs after therapeutic infusion in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. JHEP Rep 2019; 1:286-296. [PMID: 32039380 PMCID: PMC7001578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immune-mediated disease with no curative treatment. Regulatory T cell (Treg) therapy is potentially curative in AIH given the critical role of Tregs in preventing autoimmunity. To work effectively, adoptively transferred Tregs must migrate to and survive within the inflamed liver. We conducted a proof-of-concept study aiming to assess the safety and liver-homing properties of good manufacturing practice (GMP)-grade autologous Tregs in patients with AIH. METHODS Autologous polyclonal GMP-grade Tregs were isolated using leukapheresis and CliniMACS, labelled with indium tropolonate and re-infused intravenously to 4 patients with AIH. GMP-Treg homing to the liver was investigated with longitudinal gamma camera and SPECT-CT scanning. GMP-Treg immunophenotype, function and immunometabolic state were assessed during the study. RESULTS We observed that the isolated Tregs were suppressive and expressed CXCR3, a chemokine receptor involved in recruitment into the inflamed liver, as well as Treg functional markers CD39, CTLA-4 and the transcription factor Foxp3. Serial gamma camera and SPECT-CT imaging demonstrated that 22-44% of infused Tregs homed to and were retained in the livers of patients with autoimmune hepatitis for up to 72 h. The infused cells did not localise to any off-target organs other than the spleen and bone marrow. GMP-Tregs were metabolically competent and there were no infusion reactions or high-grade adverse effects after Treg infusion. CONCLUSION Our novel findings suggest that the liver is a good target organ for Treg cellular therapy, supporting the development of clinical trials to test efficacy in autoimmune hepatitis and other autoimmune liver diseases. LAY SUMMARY Autoimmune liver diseases occur when the body's immune cells target their own liver cells. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) prevent autoimmunity, thus they are a potential therapy for autoimmune liver diseases. In patients with autoimmune hepatitis, Treg infusion is safe, with nearly a quarter of infused Tregs homing to the liver and suppressing tissue-damaging effector T cells. Thus, Tregs are a potentially curative immune cell therapy for early autoimmune liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Htun Oo
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre
- Liver Transplant and Hepato-biliary Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Ackrill
- Clinical Radiopharmacy, Imaging and Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust; Birmingham
| | - Richard Cole
- Clinical Radiopharmacy, Imaging and Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust; Birmingham
| | - Lee Jenkins
- Clinical Radiopharmacy, Imaging and Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust; Birmingham
| | - Philip Anderson
- Clinical Radiopharmacy, Imaging and Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust; Birmingham
| | - Hannah C. Jeffery
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham
| | - Nicholas Jones
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea
| | - Louisa E. Jeffery
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham
| | - Philipp Lutz
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham
| | - Rebecca E. Wawman
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham
| | | | | | - Joanna Gray
- National Institute of Health Research Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Birmingham
| | - Kathy Guo
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust
| | - Darren Barton
- Cancer Research Clinical Trial Unit, University of Birmingham
| | - Gideon M Hirschfield
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Timothy Wong
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust
| | - Peter Guest
- Clinical Radiopharmacy, Imaging and Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust; Birmingham
| | - David H. Adams
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre
- Liver Transplant and Hepato-biliary Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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18
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Pacheco-Barcia V, Mondejar R, France T, Asselah J, Donnay O, Zogopoulos G, Bouganim N, Guo K, Martin E, Alcindor T, Colomer Bosch R. A systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) correlates with survival and could be a predictive factor for mFOLFIRINOX in metastatic pancreatic cancer (PC). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz239.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Wu Z, Zhong M, Li M, Huang H, Liao J, Lu A, Guo K, Ma N, Lin J, Duan J, Liu L, Xu F, Zhong Z, Chen J. Mutation Analysis of Pre-mRNA Splicing Genes PRPF31, PRPF8, and SNRNP200 in Chinese Families with Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa. Curr Mol Med 2019; 18:287-294. [PMID: 30360737 DOI: 10.2174/1566524018666181024160452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To screen variants in pre-mRNA Splicing genes in 95 Chinese autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) families. METHODS Clinical examination and pedigree analysis were performed. Targeted exome sequencing (TES) and / or Sanger sequencing were performed to detect the variants in genes of Splicing factors and conduct intra-familiar segregation analysis with DNA available. In silico analysis was performed to predict pathogenicity of variants in protein level and in vitro splicing assays were performed to compare splicing variants with their corresponding wildtype about their splicing effect. RESULTS In this study, total nine different variants were identified in PRPF31, SNRNP200, and PRPF8 respectively, including six PRPF31 variants [five novel variants 322+1G>A, c.527+2T>G, c.590T>C(p.Leu197Pro), c.1035_1036insGC (p.Pro346Argfs X18), and c.1224dupG (p.Gln409AlafsX66) plus one reported variant c.1060C>T (p.Arg354X)], a recurrent PRPF8 variant c.6930G>T (p.Arg2310Ser), two SNRNP200 variants [one heterozygous and homozygous SNRNP200 recurrent variant c.3260G>A (p.Ser1087Leu), and a reported heterozygous c.2042G>A(p.Arg681His)]. In family 20009, incomplete penetrance was observed. A novel PRPF31 missense variant c.590T>C (p.Leu197Pro) was predicted to be pathogenic in protein level via in silico analysis and in vitro splicing assay demonstrated that two novel splicing PRPF31 variants c.322+1G>A and c.527+2T>G affect splicing compared with the wildtype. CONCLUSIONS In our studies, RP-causing variants of pre-mRNA Splicing genes (PRPF31, PRPF8 and SNRNP200) were identified in nine of the ninety-five adRP families respectively, which extend the spectra of RP variant and phenotype. And we provide the first example that SNRNP200-related RP can be caused by both heterozygous and homozygous variants of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - M Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology of Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - M Li
- Department of Ophthalmology of The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - H Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology of The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - J Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - A Lu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - K Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - N Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J Duan
- Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology of The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - F Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Z Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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20
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Elzinga S, Murdock BJ, Guo K, Hayes JM, Tabbey MA, Hur J, Feldman EL. Toll-like receptors and inflammation in metabolic neuropathy; a role in early versus late disease? Exp Neurol 2019; 320:112967. [PMID: 31145897 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.112967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathy is a common, morbid complication of the metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and diabetes. Recent studies have indicated a potential role for the immune system in the development of neuropathy. In particular, toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 have been linked to metabolic dysfunction, and blocking TLR4 is proposed as a treatment for neuropathic pain. In the current study, we investigated the role of the immune system, particularly TLRs 2 and 4, in the pathogenesis and progression of neuropathy. Sural or sciatic nerve gene expression arrays from humans and murine neuropathy models of prediabetes and diabetes were first analyzed to identify differentially expressed TLR2- and TLR4-associated genes within the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) database. We observed that genes associated with TLRs 2 and 4, particularly lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LPB) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta (PIK3CB), were dysregulated across species and across multiple murine models of prediabetic and diabetic neuropathy. To further understand the role of these pathways in vivo, TLR 2 and 4 global knockout mice placed on a 60% high fat diet (HFD-TLR2/4-/-) were compared with wild type (WT) mice on a high fat diet (HFD-WT) and WT controls on a standard diet (CON). Mice then underwent metabolic, neuropathic, and immunological phenotyping at two time points to assess the impact of TLR signaling on neuropathy and immunity during metabolic dysfunction over time. We found that HFD-TLR2/4-/- and HFD-WT mice weighed more than CON mice but did not have increased fasting blood glucose levels. Despite normal blood glucose levels, HFD-TLR2/4-/- mice eventually developed neuropathy at the later time point (28 wks of age) but were somewhat protected from neuropathy at the early time point (16 wks of age) as measured by shorter hind paw withdraw latencies. This is in contrast to HFD-WT mice which developed neuropathy within 11 wks of being placed on a high fat diet and were neuropathic by all measures at both the early and late time points. Finally, we immunophenotyped all three mouse groups at the later time point and found differences in the number of peripheral blood Ly6C-myeloid cells as well as F4/80+ expression. These results indicate that TLR signaling influences early development of neuropathy in sensory neurons, potentially via immune modulation and recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Elzinga
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - B J Murdock
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - J M Hayes
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M A Tabbey
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - E L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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21
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Deng B, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Miao Y, Meng X, Guo K. Knockdown of Tripartite Motif Containing 28 suppresses the migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in ovarian carcinoma cells through down-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Neoplasma 2019; 64:893-900. [PMID: 28895414 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2017_611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tripartite motif containing 28 (TRIM28) is a transcriptional corepressor of Kruppel-associated box zinc finger protein, which has been reported to participate in carcinogenesis. Nonetheless, whether TRIM28 plays a role in the metastasis of ovarian carcinoma (OC) is unclear and requires further investigation. In this study, two OC cell lines (A2780 and OVCAR-3) with stable low expression of TRIM28 were established via RNA interference. We found that the migratory and invasive ability of TRIM28-silenced OC cells significantly decreased. The expression and activity of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in these OC cells were inhibited. The TRIM28 shRNA also suppressed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of OC cells as evidenced by the up-regulated E-cadherin and the downregulated Vimentin and N-cadherin. Additionally, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was suppressed in TRIM28-silenced OC cells: the activity of β-catenin was inhibited, the expression of total and nuclear β-catenin, Axin 2, T-cell factor 1 (TCF1) and lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1) were decreased, whereas the phosphorylation of β-catenin at Ser33/37 was enhanced. Further, re-expression of active β-catenin in TRIM28-silenced OC cells partly restored their metastasis in vitro. Taken together, our study demonstrates a contributory role of TRIM28 in OC metastasis in vitro, suggesting TRIM28 as a novel therapeutic target for this malignant tumor.
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22
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Guo K, Kasymjanova G, Wang H, Sakr L, Small D, Cohen V, Pepe C, Spatz A, Agulnik J. P1.04-16 Comparison of Clinical Response to Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced NSCLC with High PD-L1 Expression Tested on Cytology Versus Biopsy Samples. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Tank EM, Figueroa-Romero C, Hinder LM, Bedi K, Archbold HC, Li X, Weskamp K, Safren N, Paez-Colasante X, Pacut C, Thumma S, Paulsen MT, Guo K, Hur J, Ljungman M, Feldman EL, Barmada SJ. Abnormal RNA stability in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2845. [PMID: 30030424 PMCID: PMC6054632 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) share key features, including accumulation of the RNA-binding protein TDP-43. TDP-43 regulates RNA homeostasis, but it remains unclear whether RNA stability is affected in these disorders. We use Bru-seq and BruChase-seq to assess genome-wide RNA stability in ALS patient-derived cells, demonstrating profound destabilization of ribosomal and mitochondrial transcripts. This pattern is recapitulated by TDP-43 overexpression, suggesting a primary role for TDP-43 in RNA destabilization, and in postmortem samples from ALS and FTD patients. Proteomics and functional studies illustrate corresponding reductions in mitochondrial components and compensatory increases in protein synthesis. Collectively, these observations suggest that TDP-43 deposition leads to targeted RNA instability in ALS and FTD, and may ultimately cause cell death by disrupting energy production and protein synthesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Tank
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - C Figueroa-Romero
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - L M Hinder
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - K Bedi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - H C Archbold
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - X Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - K Weskamp
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - N Safren
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - X Paez-Colasante
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - C Pacut
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - S Thumma
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - M T Paulsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - K Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - J Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - M Ljungman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Cellular & Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - E L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Cellular & Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - S J Barmada
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Cellular & Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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24
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Pacheco-Barcia V, France T, Zogopoulos G, Bouganim N, Donnay O, Alcindor T, Solís RM, Guo K, Martin E, Colomer R, Asselah J. Gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel versus modified FOLFIRINOX as first line chemotherapy in metastatic pancreatic cancer: A comparison of toxicity and survival. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy151.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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25
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Conlon DM, Rodrigues A, Guo K, Hand N, Rader D. Abstract 022: Hepatic Sortilin Regulates Apolipoprotein B Secretion only Under Conditions of Secretory StressDependent of the Presence of Secretory Stress. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.38.suppl_1.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
SORT1
is strongly associated with plasma lipid traits and coronary artery disease. The protein it encodes, sortilin is a multi-ligand receptor involved in trafficking of proteins from the Golgi to the lysosome. Hepatic sortilin overexpression reduces VLDL secretion, but the effects of loss of sortilin function on apolipoprotein B100 (apoB) and VLDL secretion have been contradictory and perplexing. Conflicting studies have variously reported increased and decreased apoB/VLDL secretion in response to loss of sortilin, but used a variety of different models and methods of ablating sortilin function. To resolve this, we first measured VLDL secretion in Sort1 knockout (KO) mice on a chow diet and observed no differences in either apoB or TG secretion. ApoB secretion was similarly unaffected in Sort1 KO primary hepatocytes or in McA-RH7777 cells treated with siRNA to knockdown sortilin. We concluded that in a basal secretory state, loss of sortilin alone does not impact apoB secretion, leading us to test if differences in secretory state might explain the discrepancies in published results. We found that when hAPOB was overexpressed, Sort1 knockdown further increased its secretion. The reports of increased VLDL secretion with Sort1 knockout occurred with apoB overexpression, or on high fat diet (HFD); consistent with our hypothesis that secretory overload or metabolic stress are required to uncover the deficiency phenotype. We placed Sort1 KO mice on a 45% HFD for 12 weeks and observed a significant increase in VLDL secretion compared to controls. In addition, when we lipid-loaded hepatocytes with oleic acid or palmitic acid, apoB secretion was increased, and Sort1 knockdown further increased this compared to control. We treated cells with Tunicamycin to induce ER stress, and found that apoB secretion was decreased in the control group was observed, but not in the absence of Sort1, suggesting that sortilin regulates apoB secretion the cell is stressed. Based on these data, we propose that hepatic sortilin regulates the post-ER fate of apoB for either degradation or export; thereby coordinating intracellular apoB metabolism in response to the number and quality of apoB particles that reach the Golgi, and the level of post-ER pre-secretory proteolysis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kathy Guo
- Univ of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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26
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Conlon DM, Rodrigues A, Guo K, Hand N, Rader D. Abstract 087: Hepatic Sortilin Regulates Apolipoprotein B Secretion only Under Conditions of Secretory StressDependent of the Presence of Secretory Stress. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.38.suppl_1.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
SORT1
is strongly associated with plasma lipid traits and coronary artery disease. The protein it encodes, sortilin is a multi-ligand receptor involved in trafficking of proteins from the Golgi to the lysosome. Hepatic sortilin overexpression reduces VLDL secretion, but the effects of loss of sortilin function on apolipoprotein B100 (apoB) and VLDL secretion have been contradictory and perplexing. Conflicting studies have variously reported increased and decreased apoB/VLDL secretion in response to loss of sortilin, but used a variety of different models and methods of ablating sortilin function. To resolve this, we first measured VLDL secretion in Sort1 knockout (KO) mice on a chow diet and observed no differences in either apoB or TG secretion. ApoB secretion was similarly unaffected in Sort1 KO primary hepatocytes or in McA-RH7777 cells treated with siRNA to knockdown sortilin. We concluded that in a basal secretory state, loss of sortilin alone does not impact apoB secretion, leading us to test if differences in secretory state might explain the discrepancies in published results. We found that when hAPOB was overexpressed, Sort1 knockdown further increased its secretion. The reports of increased VLDL secretion with Sort1 knockout occurred with apoB overexpression, or on high fat diet (HFD); consistent with our hypothesis that secretory overload or metabolic stress are required to uncover the deficiency phenotype. We placed Sort1 KO mice on a 45% HFD for 12 weeks and observed a significant increase in VLDL secretion compared to controls. In addition, when we lipid-loaded hepatocytes with oleic acid or palmitic acid, apoB secretion was increased, and Sort1 knockdown further increased this compared to control. We treated cells with Tunicamycin to induce ER stress, and found that apoB secretion was decreased in the control group was observed, but not in the absence of Sort1, suggesting that sortilin regulates apoB secretion the cell is stressed. Based on these data, we propose that hepatic sortilin regulates the post-ER fate of apoB for either degradation or export; thereby coordinating intracellular apoB metabolism in response to the number and quality of apoB particles that reach the Golgi, and the level of post-ER pre-secretory proteolysis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kathy Guo
- Univ of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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27
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Abstract
Microporous membranes have been developed which can remove endotoxins selectively from electrolyte and albumin solutions by regioselective adsorption in the membrane matrix and outside surface of the membrane. The membranes were prepared in the form of hollow fibre membranes in a continuous process. By varying the membrane preparation parameters, different pore sizes and adsorption capacities could be realized, thus broadening applications for biological purification. Dynamic adsorption capacities for endotoxin from albumin and saline solution were determined and were found to be in the range of 0.2 and 0.1 μg endotoxin/g membrane, respectively, suggesting different adsorption mechanisms. (Int J Artif Organs 2007; 30: 589–93)
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Affiliation(s)
- C-M Bell
- Institut für Angewandte Forschung, Hochschule Reutlingen, Fakultät für Angewandte Chemie, Reutlingen, Germany.
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Newsome PN, Fox R, King AL, Barton D, Than NN, Moore J, Corbett C, Townsend S, Thomas J, Guo K, Hull D, Beard HA, Thompson J, Atkinson A, Bienek C, McGowan N, Guha N, Campbell J, Hollyman D, Stocken D, Yap C, Forbes SJ. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and autologous CD133-positive stem-cell therapy in liver cirrhosis (REALISTIC): an open-label, randomised, controlled phase 2 trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3:25-36. [PMID: 29127060 PMCID: PMC5738975 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(17)30326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results of small-scale studies have suggested that stem-cell therapy is safe and effective in patients with liver cirrhosis, but no adequately powered randomised controlled trials have been done. We assessed the safety and efficacy of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and haemopoietic stem-cell infusions in patients with liver cirrhosis. METHODS This multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled phase 2 trial was done in three UK hospitals and recruited patients with compensated liver cirrhosis and MELD scores of 11·0-15·5. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive standard care (control), treatment with subcutaneous G-CSF (lenograstim) 15 μg/kg for 5 days, or treatment with G-CSF for 5 days followed by leukapheresis and intravenous infusion of three doses of CD133-positive haemopoietic stem cells (0·2 × 106 cells per kg per infusion). Randomisation was done by Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit staff with a minimisation algorithm that stratified by trial site and cause of liver disease. The coprimary outcomes were improvement in severity of liver disease (change in MELD) at 3 months and the trend of change in MELD score over time. Analyses were done in the modified intention-to-treat population, which included all patients who received at least one day of treatment. Safety was assessed on the basis of the treatment received. This trial was registered at Current Controlled Trials on Nov 18, 2009; ISRCTN, number 91288089; and the European Clinical Trials Database, number 2009-010335-41. FINDINGS Between May 18, 2010, and Feb 26, 2015, 27 patients were randomly assigned to the standard care, 26 to the G-CSF group, and 28 to the G-CSF plus stem-cell infusion group. Median change in MELD from day 0 to 90 was -0·5 (IQR -1·5 to 1·1) in the standard care group, -0·5 (-1·7 to 0·5) in the G-CSF group, and -0·5 (-1·3 to 1·0) in the G-CSF plus stem-cell infusion group. We found no evidence of differences between the treatment groups and control group in the trends of MELD change over time (p=0·55 for the G-CSF group vs standard care and p=0·75 for the G-CSF plus stem-cell infusion group vs standard care). Serious adverse events were more frequent the in G-CSF and stem-cell infusion group (12 [43%] patients) than in the G-CSF (three [11%] patients) and standard care (three [12%] patients) groups. The most common serious adverse events were ascites (two patients in the G-CSF group and two patients in the G-CSF plus stem-cell infusion group, one of whom was admitted to hospital with ascites twice), sepsis (four patients in the G-CSF plus stem-cell infusion group), and encephalopathy (three patients in the G-CSF plus stem-cell infusion group, one of whom was admitted to hospital with encephalopathy twice). Three patients died, including one in the standard care group (variceal bleed) and two in the G-CSF and stem-cell infusion group (one myocardial infarction and one progressive liver disease). INTERPRETATION G-CSF with or without haemopoietic stem-cell infusion did not improve liver dysfunction or fibrosis and might be associated with increased frequency of adverse events compared with standard care. FUNDING National Institute of Health Research, The Sir Jules Thorn Charitable Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Noel Newsome
- National Institute for Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Richard Fox
- National Institute for Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; University of Birmingham, NIHR Liver BRU Clinical trials group, Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew L King
- National Institute for Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Darren Barton
- National Institute for Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; University of Birmingham, NIHR Liver BRU Clinical trials group, Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nwe-Ni Than
- National Institute for Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joanna Moore
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher Corbett
- National Institute for Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah Townsend
- National Institute for Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - James Thomas
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kathy Guo
- National Institute for Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Diana Hull
- National Institute for Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Heather A Beard
- National Institute for Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cellular and Molecular Therapies, NHSBlood and Transplant, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jacqui Thompson
- Cellular and Molecular Therapies, NHSBlood and Transplant, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anne Atkinson
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Carol Bienek
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neil McGowan
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neil Guha
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - John Campbell
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dan Hollyman
- Cellular and Molecular Therapies, NHSBlood and Transplant, Birmingham, UK
| | - Deborah Stocken
- Newcastle University, Newcastle Clinical Trial Unit, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle, UK
| | - Christina Yap
- University of Birmingham, NIHR Liver BRU Clinical trials group, Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stuart John Forbes
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Kong XJ, Chai QF, Guo K, Zhao YF, Wang YH. [Analysis of contrast echocardiography for detecting right to left shunt in adults with patent foramen ovale]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 97:3380-3383. [PMID: 29179276 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2017.43.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the contrast echocardiography for detecting right to left shunt in adults with patent foramen ovale(PFO), and study the relationship between PFO and cryptogenic stroke. Methods: Clinical data of forty-six adults patients with PFO diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography(TEE)from March, 2012 to March, 2017 were retrospectively collected, and the patients were divided to 3 groups according to the direction and brightness of the color Doppler shunts: obvious left-to-right shunt (OLRS, group A), weak left-to-right shunt(WLRS, group B), bi-directional shunt(BDS, group C). A right-to-left shunt (RLS) scale was calculated using the method of 10 ml hand-operated saline for contrast echocardiography. Results: There were seventeen cases in group A, four cases (23.5%) showed RLS at level 1, and thirteen cases (76.5%) showed no RLS; there were twenty cases in group B, and all cases (100%) showed RLS, with five cases (25%) at level 1 and fifteen cases (75%) at level 2-3; there were nine cases in group C, and all cases (100%) showed RLS, with two cases (22.2%) at level 1 and seven cases (77.8%) at level 2-3. Anteroposterior diameter of left atrium of patients with no RLS (4.8 cm±0.6 cm) was significantly larger than that of patients with RLS in contrast echocardiography (3.6 cm±0.5 cm)(P=0.000). Conclusions: OLRS of adults with patent foramen ovale and with larger left atrium have less RLS than WLRS and DLRS with normal left atrium in contrast echocardiography.The possibility of paradoxical embolism in WLRS and DLRS is higher than that in OLRS, which should be taken seriously in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Kong
- Department of Ultrasound, 371st Hospital of PLA, Xinxiang 453000, China
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Vu-Augier de Montgrémier M, Chen J, Guo K, Moro MR. Aspects culturels et transculturels des troubles du comportement alimentaire chez des adolescentes et jeunes adultes chinoises. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurenf.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Guo K, Yin G, Zi XH, Zhu HX, Pan Q. Effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on expression of 5-HT1AR and neurotransmitters in rats with vascular dementia. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr-15-04-gmr.15049031. [PMID: 27966748 DOI: 10.4238/gmr15049031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A (5-HT1AR) is closely associated with cognitive functions. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can protect individuals from brain damage following ischemia/hypoxia. To investigate the function of SSRIs in vascular dementia (VD), we established a rat model of VD, and observed the effect of SSRIs on the expression of 5-HT1AR mRNA and neurotransmitters. Male SD rats (6 months) were randomly assigned into sham, model, and SSRI groups (N = 30). VD was achieved by permanent ligation of the bilateral common carotid artery. Escitalopram, a highly selective 5-HT reabsorption inhibitor, was ip injected into the rats for three consecutive weeks. The Morris water-maze was used to test learning and memory. H&E staining for neuronal injury was conducted on cortical and hippocampal tissues. HPLC was used to determine the levels of dopamine (DA), 5-HT, and norepinephrine (NE). RT-PCR was used to determine expression of 5-HT1AR mRNA. As compared to control rats, model animals demonstrated elongated escape latency, lower platform crossing times, and significant injuries to hippocampal CA1 neurons. This was accompanied by reductions in DA, 5-HT, and NE levels in hippocampal tissues, as well as reduced cortical 5-HT and decreased 5-HT1AR mRNA expression (P < 0.05). Escitalopram treatments reduced escape latency, elevated platform crossing times, improved CA1 neuronal damage, increased DA and 5-HT levels in hippocampal and cortical neurons, as well as elevated expression of 5-HT1AR mRNA (P < 0.05). Therefore, SSRIs may improve cognitive dysfunction of VD rats, possibly by stimulating expression of neurotransmitters and protecting neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Guo
- Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - G Yin
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - X H Zi
- Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - H X Zhu
- Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Q Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - K. Guo
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- School of Business, Jinggangshan University, JiAn, China
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Song W, Wang B, Guo K, Zhang W. Structures and magnetic properties of Ni n (n = 36-40) clusters from first-principles calculations. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476616050048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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An J, Li Z, Dong Y, Ren J, Guo K. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus infection exacerbates NSCLC cell metastasis by up-regulating TLR4/MyD88 pathway. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2016; 62:1-7. [PMID: 27545207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is a major public health problem worldwide, which brings to a more great threat for cancer patients. It's necessary to give attentions to lung cancer combined with MRSA. This study mainly focuses on the influences of MRSA on lung cancer cells (A549). We first found that MRSA infection can enhance metastasis ability of A549 cell and increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP2 and MMP9) expressions in MRSA-infected A549 cell. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been reported to play an important role in tumor cell initiation and migration, and regulate the expression of MMPs in tumors. Our further research indicates that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/molecules myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling was up-regulated in MRSA-infected A549 cell. After silencing TLR4 or MyD88 gene, the enhanced metastasis ability of A549 cell by MRSA was decreased significantly; Also, MMP2 and MMP9 expression increase was reversed. In conclusion, MRSA infection can enhance NSCLC cell metastasis by up-regulating TLR4/MyD88 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J An
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Department of Dermatology Xi'an China
| | - Z Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Department of Dermatology Xi'an China
| | - Y Dong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Department of Dermatology Xi'an China
| | - J Ren
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Department of Dermatology Xi'an China
| | - K Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Department of Dermatology Xi'an China
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Gasco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Zootecniche. Università di Torino, Italy
| | - C. Sabia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Zootecniche. Università di Torino, Italy
| | - C. Lussiana
- Dipartimento di Scienze Zootecniche. Università di Torino, Italy
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Guo K, Liang Z, Liu L, Li F, Wang H. Flavonoids intake and risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Andrologia 2016; 48:1175-1182. [PMID: 26992118 DOI: 10.1111/and.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the association between total flavonoids/flavonoid subclasses intake and prostate cancer risk. Several databases were searched to select eligible studies with predefined criteria. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used as the effect size. Publication bias and sensitivity analysis were performed. A total of five studies including four prospective cohort studies and one case-control study were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled result demonstrated a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer with higher intake of total flavonoids (RR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.02-1.23, P = 0.013). However, sensitivity analysis indicated that there lacked a significant association after removing the study of Wang et al. (RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.94-1.46). Subgroup analysis stratified by flavonoids subclasses found that higher intake of anthocyanidins and flavan-3-ols were significantly associated with increased prostate cancer risk (RR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03-1.21, P = 0.011; RR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.10-1.32, P < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis also indicated that after removing Wang's study, no significant association between anthocyanidins intake and prostate cancer risk was detected (RR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.97-1.54). In conclusion, higher intake of flavonoids may not be associated with prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Guo
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Z Liang
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - F Li
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Schiavone A, Guo K, Tassone S, Gasco L, Malfatto V, Zoccarato I. Use of natural extract of chestnut (Silvafeed ENC®) in broiler feeding: effect on growth performance. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Schiavone
- Dipartimento di Produzioni AnimaliEpidemiologia e Ecologia. Università di Torino, Italy
| | - K. Guo
- Dipartimento di Scienze ZootecnicheUniversità di Torino, Italy
| | - S. Tassone
- Dipartimento di Scienze ZootecnicheUniversità di Torino, Italy
| | - L. Gasco
- Dipartimento di Scienze ZootecnicheUniversità di Torino, Italy
| | - V. Malfatto
- Dipartimento di Scienze ZootecnicheUniversità di Torino, Italy
| | - I. Zoccarato
- Dipartimento di Scienze ZootecnicheUniversità di Torino, Italy
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Rowe IA, Tully DC, Armstrong MJ, Parker R, Guo K, Barton D, Morse GD, Venuto CS, Ogilvie CB, Hedegaard DL, McKelvy JF, Wong-Staal F, Allen TM, Balfe P, McKeating JA, Mutimer. DJ. Effect of scavenger receptor class B type I antagonist ITX5061 in patients with hepatitis C virus infection undergoing liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2016; 22:287-97. [PMID: 26437376 PMCID: PMC4901184 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry inhibitors have been hypothesized to prevent infection of the liver after transplantation. ITX5061 is a scavenger receptor class B type I antagonist that blocks HCV entry and infection in vitro. We assessed the safety and efficacy of ITX5061 to limit HCV infection of the graft. The study included 23 HCV-infected patients undergoing liver transplantation. The first 13 "control" patients did not receive drug. The subsequent 10 patients received 150 mg of ITX5061 immediately before and after transplant and daily for 1 week thereafter. ITX5061 pharmacokinetics and plasma HCV RNA were quantified. Viral genetic diversity was measured by ultradeep pyrosequencing (UDPS). ITX5061 was well tolerated with measurable plasma concentrations during therapy. Although the median HCV RNA reduction was greater in ITX-treated patients at all time points in the first week after transplantation, there was no difference in the overall change in the area over the HCV RNA curve in the 7-day treatment period. However, in genotype (GT) 1-infected patients, treatment was associated with a sustained reduction in HCV RNA levels compared to the control group (area over the HCV RNA curve analysis, P = 0.004). UDPS revealed a complex and evolving pattern of HCV variants infecting the graft during the first week. ITX5061 significantly limited viral evolution where the median divergence between day 0 and day 7 was 3.5% in the control group compared to 0.1% in the treated group. In conclusion, ITX5061 reduces plasma HCV RNA after transplant notably in GT 1-infected patients and slows viral evolution. Following liver transplantation, the likely contribution of extrahepatic reservoirs of HCV necessitates combining entry inhibitors such as ITX5061 with inhibitors of replication in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Rowe
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Centre for Human Virology, University of Birmingham, UK,NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, UK,Liver and Hepatobiliary Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Matthew J Armstrong
- NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, UK,Liver and Hepatobiliary Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard Parker
- NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, UK,Liver and Hepatobiliary Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kathy Guo
- NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Darren Barton
- NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, UK,Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Gene D Morse
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and NYS Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, NY, US
| | - Charles S Venuto
- Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, US
| | | | - Ditte L Hedegaard
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Centre for Human Virology, University of Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Todd M Allen
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Harvard, US
| | - Peter Balfe
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Centre for Human Virology, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Jane A McKeating
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Centre for Human Virology, University of Birmingham, UK,NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - David J Mutimer.
- NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, UK,Liver and Hepatobiliary Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Armstrong MJ, Gaunt P, Aithal GP, Barton D, Hull D, Parker R, Hazlehurst JM, Guo K, Abouda G, Aldersley MA, Stocken D, Gough SC, Tomlinson JW, Brown RM, Hübscher SG, Newsome PN. Liraglutide safety and efficacy in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (LEAN): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study. Lancet 2016; 387:679-690. [PMID: 26608256 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00803-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1185] [Impact Index Per Article: 148.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues reduce hepatic steatosis, concentrations of liver enzymes, and insulin resistance in murine models of fatty liver disease. These analogues are licensed for type 2 diabetes, but their efficacy in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is unknown. We assessed the safety and efficacy of the long-acting GLP-1 analogue, liraglutide, in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. METHODS This multicentre, double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial was conducted in four UK medical centres to assess subcutaneous injections of liraglutide (1·8 mg daily) compared with placebo for patients who are overweight and show clinical evidence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) using a computer-generated, centrally administered procedure, stratified by trial centre and diabetes status. The trial was designed using A'Hern's single-group method, which required eight (38%) of 21 successes in the liraglutide group for the effect of liraglutide to be considered clinically significant. Patients, investigators, clinical trial site staff, and pathologists were masked to treatment assignment throughout the study. The primary outcome measure was resolution of definite non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with no worsening in fibrosis from baseline to end of treatment (48 weeks), as assessed centrally by two independent pathologists. Analysis was done by intention-to-treat analysis, which included all patients who underwent end-of-treatment biopsy. The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01237119. FINDINGS Between Aug 1, 2010, and May 31, 2013, 26 patients were randomly assigned to receive liraglutide and 26 to placebo. Nine (39%) of 23 patients who received liraglutide and underwent end-of-treatment liver biopsy had resolution of definite non-alcoholic steatohepatitis compared with two (9%) of 22 such patients in the placebo group (relative risk 4·3 [95% CI 1·0-17·7]; p=0·019). Two (9%) of 23 patients in the liraglutide group versus eight (36%) of 22 patients in the placebo group had progression of fibrosis (0·2 [0·1-1·0]; p=0·04). Most adverse events were grade 1 (mild) to grade 2 (moderate) in severity, transient, and similar in the two treatment groups for all organ classes and symptoms, with the exception of gastrointestinal disorders in 21 (81%) of 23 patients in the liraglutide group and 17 (65%) of 22 patients in the placebo group, which included diarrhoea (ten [38%] patients in the liraglutide group vs five [19%] in the placebo group), constipation (seven [27%] vs none), and loss of appetite (eight [31%] vs two [8%]). INTERPRETATION Liraglutide was safe, well tolerated, and led to histological resolution of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, warranting extensive, longer-term studies. FUNDING Wellcome Trust, National Institute of Health Research, and Novo Nordisk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew James Armstrong
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Liver and Hepatobiliary Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Piers Gaunt
- NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit Clinical Trial group (EDD), CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Guruprasad P Aithal
- NIHR Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Darren Barton
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit Clinical Trial group (EDD), CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Diana Hull
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit Clinical Trial group (EDD), CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard Parker
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Liver and Hepatobiliary Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonathan M Hazlehurst
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Kathy Guo
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit Clinical Trial group (EDD), CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - George Abouda
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK
| | | | - Deborah Stocken
- Newcastle University, Newcastle Clinical Trial Unit, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle, UK
| | - Stephen C Gough
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeremy W Tomlinson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachel M Brown
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stefan G Hübscher
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Philip N Newsome
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Liver and Hepatobiliary Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Armstrong MJ, Hull D, Guo K, Barton D, Hazlehurst JM, Gathercole LL, Nasiri M, Yu J, Gough SC, Newsome PN, Tomlinson JW. Glucagon-like peptide 1 decreases lipotoxicity in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2016; 64:399-408. [PMID: 26394161 PMCID: PMC4713865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Insulin resistance and lipotoxicity are pathognomonic in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues are licensed for type 2 diabetes, but no prospective experimental data exists in NASH. This study determined the effect of a long-acting GLP-1 analogue, liraglutide, on organ-specific insulin sensitivity, hepatic lipid handling and adipose dysfunction in biopsy-proven NASH. METHODS Fourteen patients were randomised to 1.8mg liraglutide or placebo for 12-weeks of the mechanistic component of a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov-NCT01237119). Patients underwent paired hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamps, stable isotope tracers, adipose microdialysis and serum adipocytokine/metabolic profiling. In vitro isotope experiments on lipid flux were performed on primary human hepatocytes. RESULTS Liraglutide reduced BMI (-1.9 vs. +0.04kg/m(2); p<0.001), HbA1c (-0.3 vs. +0.3%; p<0.01), cholesterol-LDL (-0.7 vs. +0.05mmol/L; p<0.01), ALT (-54 vs. -4.0IU/L; p<0.01) and serum leptin, adiponectin, and CCL-2 (all p<0.05). Liraglutide increased hepatic insulin sensitivity (-9.36 vs. -2.54% suppression of hepatic endogenous glucose production with low-dose insulin; p<0.05). Liraglutide increased adipose tissue insulin sensitivity enhancing the ability of insulin to suppress lipolysis both globally (-24.9 vs. +54.8pmol/L insulin required to ½ maximally suppress serum non-esterified fatty acids; p<0.05), and specifically within subcutaneous adipose tissue (p<0.05). In addition, liraglutide decreased hepatic de novo lipogenesis in vivo (-1.26 vs. +1.30%; p<0.05); a finding endorsed by the effect of GLP-1 receptor agonist on primary human hepatocytes (24.6% decrease in lipogenesis vs. untreated controls; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Liraglutide reduces metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance and lipotoxicity in the key metabolic organs in the pathogenesis of NASH. Liraglutide may offer the potential for a disease-modifying intervention in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Armstrong
- NIHR Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK,Corresponding authors. Addresses: NIHR Centre for Liver Research, 5th Floor IBR, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK (M.J. Armstrong). Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK (J.W. Tomlinson).
| | - Diana Hull
- NIHR Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kathy Guo
- NIHR Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Darren Barton
- CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonathan M. Hazlehurst
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura L. Gathercole
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Maryam Nasiri
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jinglei Yu
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephen C. Gough
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip N. Newsome
- NIHR Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jeremy W. Tomlinson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK,Corresponding authors. Addresses: NIHR Centre for Liver Research, 5th Floor IBR, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK (M.J. Armstrong). Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK (J.W. Tomlinson).
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Wan L, Qiao K, Sun XN, Di ZC, Fang Z, Li ZJ, Guo K. Benzylation of heterocyclic N-oxides via direct oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling with toluene derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02560a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) of heterocyclic N-oxides with toluene derivatives has been disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Wan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- 30 Puzhu South Road
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - K. Qiao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- 30 Puzhu South Road
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - X. N. Sun
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- 30 Puzhu South Road
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Z. C. Di
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- 30 Puzhu South Road
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Z. Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- 30 Puzhu South Road
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Z. J. Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- 30 Puzhu South Road
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - K. Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- 30 Puzhu South Road
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
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Li BK, Guo K, Li CY, Li HL, Zhao PP, Chen K, Liu CX. Influence of suppression of CapG gene expression by siRNA on the growth and metastasis of human prostate cancer cells. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:15769-78. [PMID: 26634544 DOI: 10.4238/2015.december.1.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated CapG gene expression in prostate cancer cell lines; in addition, we explored the effects of CapG suppression on DU145 cell growth, and the underlying mechanism with which CapG affects DU145 cell growth and invasiveness. The expression of CapG and 18 related genes in DU145 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), CCK8 assay, western blot, and the trans-well assay. DU145 cells were transfected with designed small interfering RNA (siRNA). CapG expression was quantified by qPCR and western blot. DU145 cell proliferation and invasiveness was analyzed using the CCK8, flow cytometric, and trans-well assays. CapG, TMPRSS1, EGFR, ETS-1, ERBB2, AKT, Cyclin D1, P21, Bcl-2, and Bak1 gene and Bcl-2, Cyclin D1, and CapG protein expressions were significantly lower in the siRNA group compared to the negative control group (P < 0.05). The proliferation of CapG siRNA DU145 cells was lower than that of the two control groups, 48 h after transfection. The cell inhibition rate was 24.5, 35.4, and 16,5% at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. The growth curve indicated that CapG siRNA DU145 cells showed a significantly slower proliferation rate (P < 0.05). The trans-well assay showed a significant decrease in the migratory and invasive capacities of DU145 cells in the siRNA group (P < 0.05). The suppression of CapG expression caused a significant decrease in the proliferation, invasiveness, and metastasis of DU145 cells. The mechanism with which CapG, with other oncogenes, influences cancer cell cycle remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Li
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - K Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - C Y Li
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - H L Li
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - P P Zhao
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - K Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - C X Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Wang H, Liu B, Al-Aidaroos AQO, Shi H, Li L, Guo K, Li J, Tan BCP, Loo JM, Tang JP, Thura M, Zeng Q. Dual-faced SH3BGRL: oncogenic in mice, tumor suppressive in humans. Oncogene 2015; 35:3303-13. [PMID: 26455318 PMCID: PMC4929482 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite abundant data supporting c-Src as a metastasis-promoting oncogene, activating mutations of c-Src are rare. This suggests that trans-interacting proteins may have a critical role in regulating c-Src activation. Here, we first report the discovery of Src homology 3 (SH3) domain-binding glutamic acid-rich-like protein (SH3BGRL), a novel c-Src activator in mice. Ectopic expression of murine SH3BGRL (mSH3BGRL) strongly promoted both tumor cell invasion and lung metastasis. Molecularly, mSH3BGRL specifically bound the inactive form of c-Src phosphorylated at Tyr527, promoting Tyr416 phosphorylation of c-Src and subsequent FAK-mediated activation of ERK and AKT signaling pathways. Targeting endogenous c-Src alone was sufficient to abolish mSH3BGRL-induced cancer metastasis in vivo. Unexpectedly, human SH3BGRL (hSH3BGRL) in turn suppressed tumorigenesis and metastasis in nature. We attempted site-specific reversion of hSH3BGRL amino-acid sequence to mSH3BGRL and found V108A substitution sufficient to restore SH3BGRL function as a c-Src activator and metastasis promoter. Notably, the somatic mutation R76C of hSH3BGRL can similarly act as hSH3BGRL-V108A and mSH3BGRL in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Our results uncover an evolutionarily controversial role of SH3BGRL in driving tumor metastasis through c-Src activation, and suggests that hSH3BGRL mutation status could be relevant to cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - B Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - A Q O Al-Aidaroos
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - H Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - L Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - K Guo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - J Li
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - B C P Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - J M Loo
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J P Tang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - M Thura
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Q Zeng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Teo P, Guo K, Alayoubi N, Kehler K, Pistorius S. SU-E-J-58: Comparison of Conformal Tracking Methods Using Initial, Adaptive and Preceding Image Frames for Image Registration. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
Clouston syndrome (CS; also termed hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic skin disorder, characterized by alopecia, nail dystrophy, and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. Mutations in the GJB6 gene, which encodes the gap junction protein connexin 30, have been shown to cause this disorder. To date, four mutations of GJB6 have been found in patients with CS: G11R, V37E, D50N and A88V. Mutations in GJA1 (V41L) and GJB2 (R127H) are also related to CS. We found a novel missense mutation, N14S, in GJB6 and the previously identified F191L mutation in GJB2 (Cx26) in a proband with CS in a Han Chinese pedigree; these mutations were not found in 200 ethnically matched nonconsanguineous Han Chinese controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - K Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - W H Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - S M Geng
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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King A, Barton D, Beard HA, Than N, Moore J, Corbett C, Thomas J, Guo K, Guha I, Hollyman D, Stocken D, Yap C, Fox R, Forbes SJ, Newsome PN. REpeated AutoLogous Infusions of STem cells In Cirrhosis (REALISTIC): a multicentre, phase II, open-label, randomised controlled trial of repeated autologous infusions of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) mobilised CD133+ bone marrow stem cells in patients with cirrhosis. A study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e007700. [PMID: 25795699 PMCID: PMC4368910 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver disease mortality and morbidity are rapidly rising and liver transplantation is limited by organ availability. Small scale human studies have shown that stem cell therapy is safe and feasible and has suggested clinical benefit. No published studies have yet examined the effect of stem cell therapy in a randomised controlled trial and evaluated the effect of repeated therapy. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Patients with liver cirrhosis will be randomised to one of three trial groups: group 1: Control group, Standard conservative management; group 2 treatment: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; lenograstim) 15 µg/kg body weight daily on days 1-5; group 3 treatment: G-CSF 15 µg/kg body weight daily on days 1-5 followed by leukapheresis, isolation and aliquoting of CD133+ cells. Patients will receive an infusion of freshly isolated CD133+ cells immediately and frozen doses at days 30 and 60 via peripheral vein (0.2×10(6) cells/kg for each of the three doses). Primary objective is to demonstrate an improvement in the severity of liver disease over 3 months using either G-CSF alone or G-CSF followed by repeated infusions of haematopoietic stem cells compared with standard conservative management. The trial is powered to answer two hypotheses of each treatment compared to control but not powered to detect smaller expected differences between the two treatment groups. As such, the overall α=0.05 for the trial is split equally between the two hypotheses. Conventionally, to detect a relevant standardised effect size of 0.8 point reduction in Model for End-stage Liver Disease score using two-sided α=0.05(overall α=0.1 split equally between the two hypotheses) and 80% power requires 27 participants to be randomised per group (81 participants in total). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The trial is registered at Current Controlled Trials on 18 November 2009 (ISRCTN number 91288089, EuDRACT number 2009-010335-41). The findings of this trial will be disseminated to patients and through peer-reviewed publications and international presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A King
- NIHR Centre for Liver Research and Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Liver Unit, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Barton
- NIHR Liver BRU Clinical trials group (EDD), CRUK clinical trials unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - H A Beard
- NIHR Centre for Liver Research and Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Cellular and Molecular Therapies, NHS Blood and Transplant, Birmingham, UK
| | - N Than
- NIHR Centre for Liver Research and Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Moore
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Corbett
- NIHR Centre for Liver Research and Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Thomas
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Guo
- NIHR Centre for Liver Research and Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - I Guha
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - D Hollyman
- Cellular and Molecular Therapies, NHS Blood and Transplant, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Stocken
- Newcastle Clinical Trial Unit, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - C Yap
- NIHR Liver BRU Clinical trials group (EDD), CRUK clinical trials unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - R Fox
- NIHR Liver BRU Clinical trials group (EDD), CRUK clinical trials unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S J Forbes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P N Newsome
- NIHR Centre for Liver Research and Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Liver Unit, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Hao N, Mu J, Hu N, Xu S, Yan M, Li Y, Guo K, Xu L. Improvement of l-citrulline production in Corynebacterium glutamicum by ornithine acetyltransferase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 42:307-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 was engineered to produce l-citrulline through a metabolic engineering strategy. To prevent the flux away from l-citrulline and to increase the expression levels of genes involved in the citrulline biosynthesis pathway, the argininosuccinate synthase gene (argG) and the repressor gene (argR) were inactivated. The engineered C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 ∆argG ∆argR (CIT 2) produced higher amounts of l-citrulline (5.43 g/L) compared to the wildtype strain (0.15 g/L). To determine new strategies for further enhancement of l-citrulline production, the effect of l-citrulline on ornithine acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.35; OATase; ArgJ) was first investigated. Citrulline was determined to inhibit Ornithine acetyltransferase; for 50 % inhibition, citrulline concentration was 30 mM. The argJ gene from C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 was cloned, and the recombinant shuttle plasmid pXMJ19-argJ was constructed and expressed in C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 ∆argG ∆argR (CIT 2). Overexpression of the argJ gene exhibited increased OAT activity and resulted in a positive effect on citrulline production (8.51 g/L). These results indicate that OAT plays a vital role during l-citrulline production in C. glutamicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hao
- grid.412022.7 0000000093895210 State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu South Road 211816 Nanjing People’s Republic of China
| | - Jr Mu
- grid.412022.7 0000000093895210 State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu South Road 211816 Nanjing People’s Republic of China
| | - N Hu
- grid.412022.7 0000000093895210 State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu South Road 211816 Nanjing People’s Republic of China
| | - S Xu
- grid.412022.7 0000000093895210 State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu South Road 211816 Nanjing People’s Republic of China
| | - M Yan
- grid.412022.7 0000000093895210 State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu South Road 211816 Nanjing People’s Republic of China
| | - Y Li
- grid.412022.7 0000000093895210 State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu South Road 211816 Nanjing People’s Republic of China
| | - K Guo
- grid.412022.7 0000000093895210 State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu South Road 211816 Nanjing People’s Republic of China
| | - L Xu
- grid.412022.7 0000000093895210 State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu South Road 211816 Nanjing People’s Republic of China
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Armstrong MJ, Hazlehurst JM, Hull D, Guo K, Borrows S, Yu J, Gough SC, Newsome PN, Tomlinson JW. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue insulin resistance and lipolysis in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014; 16:651-60. [PMID: 24962805 PMCID: PMC4190688 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic insulin resistance (IR) is a primary feature in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), however, there remain limited data on tissue-specific insulin sensitivity in vivo. METHODS We examined tissue-specific (adipose, muscle and liver) insulin sensitivity and inflammation in 16 European Caucasian patients with biopsy-confirmed NASH and in 15 healthy controls. All underwent a two-step hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp incorporating stable isotope measurements of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism with concomitant subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) microdialysis. RESULTS Hepatic and muscle insulin sensitivity were decreased in patients with NASH compared with controls, as demonstrated by reduced suppression of hepatic glucose production and glucose disposal (Gd) rates following insulin infusion. In addition, rates of lipolysis were higher in NASH patients with impaired insulin-mediated suppression of free fatty acid levels. At a tissue specific level, abdominal SAT in patients with NASH was severely insulin resistant, requiring >sixfold more insulin to cause ½-maximal suppression of glycerol release when compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, patients with NASH had significantly higher circulating levels of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines than controls. CONCLUSION NASH patients have profound IR in the liver, muscle and in particular adipose tissues. This study represents the first in vivo description of dysfunctional SAT in patients with NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Armstrong
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
- Correspondence to: Dr Matthew J. Armstrong, Wellcome Trust Research Fellow & Hepatology Registrar, NIHR Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, 5th Floor IBR, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK. E-mail:
| | - J M Hazlehurst
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - D Hull
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - K Guo
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - S Borrows
- NIHR/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirmingham, UK
| | - J Yu
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - S C Gough
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford, UK
| | - P N Newsome
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - J W Tomlinson
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
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Roebuck H, Bourke P, Guo K. Role of lateral and feedback connections in primary visual cortex in the processing of spatiotemporal regularity - a TMS study. Neuroscience 2014; 263:231-9. [PMID: 24462610 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our human visual system exploits spatiotemporal regularity to interpret incoming visual signals. With a dynamic stimulus sequence of four collinear bars (predictors) appearing consecutively toward the fovea, followed by a target bar with varying contrasts, we have previously found that this predictable spatiotemporal stimulus structure enhances target detection performance and its underlying neural process starts in the primary visual cortex (area V1). However, the relative contribution of V1 lateral and feedback connections in the processing of spatiotemporal regularity remains unclear. In this study we measured human contrast detection of a briefly presented foveal target that was embedded in a dynamic collinear predictor-target sequence. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to selectively disrupt V1 horizontal and feedback connections in the processing of predictors. The coil was positioned over a cortical location corresponding to the location of the last predictor prior to target onset. Single-pulse TMS at an intensity of 10% below phosphene thresholdwas delivered at 20 or 90ms after the predictor onset. Our analysis revealed that the delivery of TMS at both time windows equally reduced, but did not abolish, the facilitation effect of the predictors on target detection. Furthermore, if the predictors' ordination was randomized to suppress V1 lateral connections, the TMS disruption was significantly more evident at 20ms than at 90-ms time window. We suggest that both lateral and feedback connections contribute to the encoding of spatiotemporal regularity in V1. These findings develop understanding of how our visual system exploits spatiotemporal regularity to facilitate the efficiency of visual perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Roebuck
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - P Bourke
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - K Guo
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK.
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Armstrong MJ, Barton D, Gaunt P, Hull D, Guo K, Stocken D, Gough SCL, Tomlinson JW, Brown RM, Hübscher SG, Newsome PN. Liraglutide efficacy and action in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (LEAN): study protocol for a phase II multicentre, double-blinded, randomised, controlled trial. BMJ Open 2013; 3:e003995. [PMID: 24189085 PMCID: PMC3822302 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is now the commonest cause of chronic liver disease. Despite this, there are no universally accepted pharmacological therapies for NASH. Liraglutide (Victoza), a human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, has been shown to improve weight loss, glycaemic control and liver enzymes in type 2 diabetes. There is currently a lack of prospective-controlled studies investigating the efficacy of GLP-1 analogues in patients with NASH. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Liraglutide efficacy and action in NASH (LEAN) is a phase II, multicentre, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial designed to investigate whether a 48-week treatment with 1.8 mg liraglutide will result in improvements in liver histology in patients with NASH. Adult, overweight (body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2)) patients with biopsy-confirmed NASH were assessed for eligibility at five recruitment centres in the UK. Patients who satisfied the eligibility criteria were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive once-daily subcutaneous injections of either 1.8 mg liraglutide or liraglutide-placebo (control). Using A'Hern's single stage phase II methodology (significance level 0.05; power 0.90) and accounting for an estimated 20% withdrawal rate, a minimum of 25 patients were randomised to each treatment group. The primary outcome measure will be centrally assessed using an intention-to-treat analysis of the proportion of evaluable patients achieving an improvement in liver histology between liver biopsies at baseline and after 48 weeks of treatment. Histological improvement will be defined as a combination of the disappearance of active NASH and no worsening in fibrosis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol was approved by the National Research Ethics Service (East Midlands-Northampton committee; 10/H0402/32) and the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Recruitment into the LEAN started in August 2010 and ended in May 2013, with 52 patients randomised. The treatment follow-up of LEAN participants is currently ongoing and is due to finish in July 2014. The findings of this trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and international presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov NCT01237119.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Armstrong
- NIHR Liver BRU and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Liver and Hepatobiliary Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Darren Barton
- NIHR Liver BRU Clinical trials group (EDD), CRUK clinical trials unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Piers Gaunt
- NIHR Liver BRU Clinical trials group (EDD), CRUK clinical trials unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Diana Hull
- NIHR Liver BRU and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kathy Guo
- NIHR Liver BRU and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Deborah Stocken
- Newcastle Clinical Trial Unit, Institute of Health and Society, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stephen C L Gough
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeremy W Tomlinson
- Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rachel M Brown
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stefan G Hübscher
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Philip N Newsome
- NIHR Liver BRU and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Liver and Hepatobiliary Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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