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Johnson A, Swenson KS, Dillner E, Klie KA, Duncan R, Brandspigel S, Breen K. Addressing Perinatal Substance Use: A Triad Approach Led by the Colorado Perinatal Care Quality Collaborative. J Midwifery Womens Health 2024. [PMID: 38339840 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Unintentional overdose is a leading driver of maternal death in Colorado. The high volume of maternal deaths from preventable causes lends questions to failures in our clinical and community-based care for pregnant and postpartum people. The Colorado Maternal Mortality Review Committee identified 3 main contributors including stigma in the community and health care system, fragmentation of the health care system, and the need for more clinician training. The Colorado Perinatal Care Quality Collaborative led a 3-pronged intervention to address these challenges and improve perinatal care. The first intervention, the Colorado Alliance for Innovation on Maternal Health Substance Use Disorder quality improvement initiative, partnered with birthing hospitals statewide to institute universal screening and timely referral for individuals at risk of substance use disorder (SUD) and perinatal mood and anxiety disorders. The second intervention, the Improve Perinatal Access, Coordination, and Treatment for Behavioral Health initiative, established a perinatal support network within communities. This program assists individuals with SUD, perinatal mood and anxiety disorders, or social needs to navigate the perinatal period. The third intervention, the Colorado Maternal Overdose Matters Plus program, has enhanced in-hospital access to pharmacotherapy for pregnant and postpartum individuals with SUD through training and technical support. These collaborative initiatives aim to minimize barriers to care by integrating inpatient screening, treatment referrals, pharmacotherapy access, and community care support to mitigate maternal mortality in Colorado.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Johnson
- Colorado Perinatal Care Quality Collaborative, Denver, Colorado
| | - Karli S Swenson
- Colorado Perinatal Care Quality Collaborative, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Elena Dillner
- Colorado Perinatal Care Quality Collaborative, Denver, Colorado
| | - Kaylin A Klie
- The Naloxone Project, Denver, Colorado
- Departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | | | - Katie Breen
- Colorado Perinatal Care Quality Collaborative, Denver, Colorado
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Milling TJ, Middeldorp S, Xu L, Koch B, Demchuk A, Eikelboom JW, Verhamme P, Cohen AT, Beyer-Westendorf J, Michael Gibson C, Lopez-Sendon J, Crowther M, Shoamanesh A, Coppens M, Schmidt J, Albaladejo P, Connolly SJ, Bastani A, Clark C, Concha M, Cornell J, Dombrowski K, Fermann G, Fulmer J, Goldstein J, Kereiakes D, Milling T, Pallin D, Patel N, Refaai M, Rehman M, Schmaier A, Schwarz E, Shillinglaw W, Spohn M, Takata T, Venkat A, Welker J, Welsby I, Wilson J, Van Keer L, Verschuren F, Blostein M, Eikelboom J, Althaus K, Berrouschot J, Braun G, Doeppner T, Dziewas R, Genth-Zotz S, Greinacher P, Hamann F, Hanses F, Heide W, Kallmuenzer B, Kermer P, Poli S, Royl G, Schellong S, Schnupp S, Schwarze J, Spies C, Thomalla G, von Mering M, Weissenborn K, Wollenweber F, Gumbinger C, Jaschinski U, Maschke M, Mochmann HC, Pfeilschifter W, Pohlmann C, Zahn R, Bouzat P, Schmidt J, Vallejo C, Floccard B, Coppens M, van Wissen S, Arellano-Rodrigo E, Valles E, Alikhan R, Breen K, Hall R, Crowther M, Albaladejo P, Cohen A, Demchuk A, Schmidt J, Wyse D, Garcia D, Prins M, Nakamya J, Büller H, Mahaffey KW, Alexander JH, Cairns J, Hart R, Joyner C, Raskob G, Schulman S, Veltkamp R, Meeks B, Zotova E, Ahmad S, Pinto T, Baker K, Dykstra A, Holadyk-Gris I, Malvaso A, Demchuk A. Final Study Report of Andexanet Alfa for Major Bleeding With Factor Xa Inhibitors. Circulation 2023; 147:1026-1038. [PMID: 36802876 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.057844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Andexanet alfa is a modified recombinant inactive factor Xa (FXa) designed to reverse FXa inhibitors. ANNEXA-4 (Andexanet Alfa, a Novel Antidote to the Anticoagulation Effects of Factor Xa Inhibitors) was a multicenter, prospective, phase-3b/4, single-group cohort study that evaluated andexanet alfa in patients with acute major bleeding. The results of the final analyses are presented. METHODS Patients with acute major bleeding within 18 hours of FXa inhibitor administration were enrolled. Co-primary end points were anti-FXa activity change from baseline during andexanet alfa treatment and excellent or good hemostatic efficacy, defined by a scale used in previous reversal studies, at 12 hours. The efficacy population included patients with baseline anti-FXa activity levels above predefined thresholds (≥75 ng/mL for apixaban and rivaroxaban, ≥40 ng/mL for edoxaban, and ≥0.25 IU/mL for enoxaparin; reported in the same units used for calibrators) who were adjudicated as meeting major bleeding criteria (modified International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis definition). The safety population included all patients. Major bleeding criteria, hemostatic efficacy, thrombotic events (stratified by occurring before or after restart of either prophylactic [ie, a lower dose, for prevention rather than treatment] or full-dose oral anticoagulation), and deaths were assessed by an independent adjudication committee. Median endogenous thrombin potential at baseline and across the follow-up period was a secondary outcome. RESULTS There were 479 patients enrolled (mean age, 78 years; 54% male, 86% White; 81% anticoagulated for atrial fibrillation at a median time of 11.4 hours since last dose, with 245 (51%) on apixaban, 176 (37%) on rivaroxaban, 36 (8%) on edoxaban, and 22 (5%) on enoxaparin. Bleeding was predominantly intracranial (n=331 [69%]) or gastrointestinal (n=109 [23%]). In evaluable apixaban patients (n=172), median anti-FXa activity decreased from 146.9 ng/mL to 10.0 ng/mL (reduction, 93% [95% CI, 94-93]); in rivaroxaban patients (n=132), it decreased from 214.6 ng/mL to 10.8 ng/mL (94% [95% CI, 95-93]); in edoxaban patients (n=28), it decreased from 121.1 ng/mL to 24.4 ng/mL (71% [95% CI, 82-65); and in enoxaparin patients (n=17), it decreased from 0.48 IU/mL to 0.11 IU/mL (75% [95% CI, 79-67]). Excellent or good hemostasis occurred in 274 of 342 evaluable patients (80% [95% CI, 75-84]). In the safety population, thrombotic events occurred in 50 patients (10%); in 16 patients, this occurred during treatment with prophylactic anticoagulation that began after the bleeding event. No thrombotic episodes occurred after oral anticoagulation restart. Specific to certain populations, reduction of anti-FXa activity from baseline to nadir significantly predicted hemostatic efficacy in patients with intracranial hemorrhage (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.54-0.70]) and correlated with lower mortality in patients <75 years of age (adjusted P=0.022; unadjusted P=0.003). Median endogenous thrombin potential was within the normal range by the end of andexanet alfa bolus through 24 hours for all FXa inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS In patients with major bleeding associated with the use of FXa inhibitors, treatment with andexanet alfa reduced anti-FXa activity and was associated with good or excellent hemostatic efficacy in 80% of patients. REGISTRATION URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov; Unique identifier: NCT02329327.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truman J Milling
- Seton Dell Medical School Stroke Institute, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin (T.J.M.)
| | - Saskia Middeldorp
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Nijmegenthe Netherlands (S.M.)
| | - Lizhen Xu
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, HamiltonOntario Canada. (L.X., A.S., S.J.C.)
| | - Bruce Koch
- Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease, BostonMA (B.K.)
| | - Andrew Demchuk
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AlbertaCanada (A.D.)
| | - John W Eikelboom
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, HamiltonOntario Canada. (J.W.E., M. Crowther)
| | - Peter Verhamme
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Belgium (P.V.)
| | | | - Jan Beyer-Westendorf
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, University Hospital Dresden, Germany (J.B-W.)
| | | | - Jose Lopez-Sendon
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario, La PazMadridSpain (J. L-S.)
| | - Mark Crowther
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, HamiltonOntario Canada. (J.W.E., M. Crowther)
| | - Ashkan Shoamanesh
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, HamiltonOntario Canada. (L.X., A.S., S.J.C.)
| | - Michiel Coppens
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M. Coppens)
| | - Jeannot Schmidt
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, France (J.S.)
| | | | - Stuart J Connolly
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, HamiltonOntario Canada. (L.X., A.S., S.J.C.)
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Faruqi U, White K, Murray N, Cutler J, Breen K. The impact of COVID-19 vaccination on patients with a history of heparin induced thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol 2022; 197:422-423. [PMID: 35029298 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The newly classified entity of vaccine induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT) following AstraZeneca Vaccination is an area of ongoing investigation. The underlying pathophysiology is considered to have pathological similarities to heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). It is unclear which cohorts may be particularly susceptible to developing VITT. In view of the underlying mechanism of action we undertook a retrospective analysis of patients with a history of HIT to assess whether they had been vaccinated and to assess whether any patients had experienced adverse reactions to the AstraZeneca vaccination. 20 out of 60 patients with a confirmed history of HIT received the AstraZeneca vaccination and none of these reported any features suggestive of VITT.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Faruqi
- Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust
| | - K White
- Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust
| | - N Murray
- Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Cutler
- Haemostasis and Thrombosis Laboratory Viapath Analytics
| | - K Breen
- Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust
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Peters N, Greally M, Breen K, Fabre A, Blazkova S. Immunotherapy- A double Edged Sword; A case of Fatal Myocarditis and Complete Response. Ir Med J 2019; 112:937. [PMID: 31411390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Peters
- Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - M Greally
- Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - K Breen
- St.Vincents University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Fabre
- St.Vincents University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Blazkova
- Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
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Fabre A, Breen K, Mccormack J. 4P Assessment of PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry in histological and cytological non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) in the era of immunotherapy: A national Irish study. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(18)30284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Saha P, Gwozdz A, El-Sayed T, Karunanithy N, Breen K, Hunt B, Cohen A, McDonald V, Smith A, Black S. Stenting Across the Inguinal Ligament in Post Thrombotic Syndrome Using Nitinol Venous Stents: One-year Patency Outcomes. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Silickas J, Saha P, Smith A, Gwozdz A, Hunt B, Cohen B, Breen K, McDonald V, Karunanithy N, Black S. Medium-term Results of Venous Stenting for Acute Ilio-femoral Vein Thrombosis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vetter M, Bosco A, Anderson S, Breen K, Romero C, Steele M, Chiodo V, Boye S, Hauswirth W, Tomlinson S. Contribution of microglia and complement activation to glaucoma progression. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.03621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Vetter
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy; University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT United States
| | - A. Bosco
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy; University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT United States
| | - S. Anderson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy; University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT United States
| | - K. Breen
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy; University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT United States
| | - C. Romero
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy; University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT United States
| | - M. Steele
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy; University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT United States
| | - V. Chiodo
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Florida; Gainesville FL United States
| | - S. Boye
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Florida; Gainesville FL United States
| | - W. Hauswirth
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Florida; Gainesville FL United States
| | - S. Tomlinson
- Department of Microbiology& Immunology; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC United States
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Saha P, Karunanithy N, Cohen A, Hunt B, Breen K, Black S. One-Year Clinical Outcomes Following Deep Venous Reconstruction Using Dedicated Venous Stents. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2015.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Wood B, Breen K, Walsh K, Santamaria J. WERNICKE'S ENCEPHALOPATHY IN ALCOHOLISM: TOWARDS A BETTER PERSPECTIVE BY COMPARISON WITH A DEFINED POPULATION GROUP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/09595238280000491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Nolan D, O'Connor MB, Lynch D, Breen K. Human intravenous immunoglobulin and its traceability. Ir Med J 2009; 102:160-161. [PMID: 19623817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Grosset D, Taurah L, Burn DJ, MacMahon D, Forbes A, Turner K, Bowron A, Walker R, Findley L, Foster O, Patel K, Clough C, Castleton B, Smith S, Carey G, Murphy T, Hill J, Brechany U, McGee P, Reading S, Brand G, Kelly L, Breen K, Ford S, Baker M, Williams A, Hearne J, Qizilbash N, Chaudhuri KR. A multicentre longitudinal observational study of changes in self reported health status in people with Parkinson's disease left untreated at diagnosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78:465-9. [PMID: 17098846 PMCID: PMC2117846 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2006.098327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The issue of when to start treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains controversial. Some favour treatment at diagnosis while others opt for a "wait and watch" policy. The effect of the latter policy on the self reported health status of people with PD is unknown. AIMS To record self reported health status through longitudinal use of a validated PD specific questionnaire (PDQ-39) in untreated PD patients in multiple centres in the UK. To compare patients who were left untreated with those who were offered treatment during follow-up. METHODS A multicentre, prospective, "real life" observational audit based study addressing patient reported outcomes in relation to self reported health status and other sociodemographic details. RESULTS 198 untreated PD were assessed over a mean period of 18 months. During two follow-up assessments, the self reported health status scores in all eight domains of the PDQ-39 and the overall PDQ-39 summary index worsened significantly (p<0.01) in patients left untreated. In a comparative group in whom treatment was initiated at or soon after diagnosis, there was a trend towards improvement in self reported health status scores after treatment was started. CONCLUSIONS This study addresses for the first time self reported health status, an indicator of health related quality of life, in untreated PD. The findings may strengthen the call for re-evaluation of the policy to delay treatment in newly diagnosed patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Grosset
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Glasgow, UK
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Abstract
To evaluate the hypothesis that biological soil crusts facilitate the establishment and maintenance of vascular plants during succession, we studied the distribution patterns of crusts and vascular plants along a High Arctic glacier foreland and compared the success of plants growing in and out of crusted substrate. Multivariate analyses determined that distance from the glacier and crust cover were the most important variables, explaining 11% and 9% of the variance in the vegetation data, respectively. Surfaces colonized by biological soil crusts generally supported higher plant densities and showed positive associations with the most dominant, long-lived plant species such as Saxifraga oppositifolia L., Salix arctica Pall., and Dryas integrifolia Vahl. Crusts facilitate plant establishment and growth in early and midsuccession but may compete for available resources further along the chronosequence. This study recognizes subtle direct influences of crust on vegetation density but also draws attention to a much larger overall positive effect on community structure. Succession on this foreland proceeds via a “directional-replacement” model and supports a well-developed community of biological soil crusts and vascular plants with greater species richness, cover, and density compared with other glacier foreland vegetation communities previously investigated on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Breen
- Département de chimie-biologie, C.P. 500, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada; Centre d’études nordiques, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - Esther Lévesque
- Département de chimie-biologie, C.P. 500, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada; Centre d’études nordiques, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 7P4, Canada
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Abstract
Although it has an important role in maintaining medical standards, little is known about the work of the Australian Medical Council (AMC) by members of the medical profession. A non-statutory standards authority, the AMC accredits medical schools in Australia and New Zealand, examines overseas-trained doctors for registration purposes and advises Medical Boards and Health Ministers on registration issues. The AMC, in consultation with Specialist Medical Colleges and others, is currently working on a number of initiatives to ensure standards of medical training and practice, including procedures to recognize new specialties and to accredit externally specialist education and training courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Breen
- Australian Medical Council, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
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Moutsatsou P, Liakou K, Breen K, Cuckle H. Serum expression of sialyltransferase in normal and Down's syndrome-affected pregnancy. Ann Clin Biochem 2000; 37 ( Pt 4):507-11. [PMID: 10902868 DOI: 10.1177/000456320003700412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) has been used as a serum biochemical marker of Down's syndrome (DS) pregnancies, and recent studies have reported an increase in a hyperglycosylated form of the protein associated with DS. In the present study, the activity of the combined soluble serum sialyltransferase (ST) enzymes was examined as a potential marker for the hyperglycosylated form of hCG. There were no changes in total ST activity during the course of the pregnancy in normal mothers and there was no difference in enzyme activity in the DS pregnancies when compared with controls. These results suggest that, although there may be an alteration in the activities of one or more of the glycosyltransferase enzymes in the placenta resulting in an alteration in hCG glycosylation, this is not reflected in the serum soluble enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Moutsatsou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens, Medical School, Greece.
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Cheng IF, Breen K. On the ability of four flavonoids, baicilein, luteolin, naringenin, and quercetin, to suppress the Fenton reaction of the iron-ATP complex. Biometals 2000; 13:77-83. [PMID: 10831228 DOI: 10.1023/a:1009229429250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Four flavonoids, baicilein, luteolin, naringenin, and quercetin were investigated for their ability to suppress the Fenton reaction characteristic of the iron-ATP complex. Absorption spectroscopy indicates that under the conditions of 18.75% aqueous methanol, 0.0625 mM HEPES pH 7.4 buffer and 1.5:1 quercetin/iron-ATP ratio a mix ligand complex formed. All four flavonoids were found to interfere with the voltammetric catalytic wave associated with the iron-ATP complex in the presence of H2O2. Quercetin and luteolin were able to completely suppress the catalytic wave of the iron-ATP/H2O2 system when a minimum ratio of 1.5:1 of the flavonoid to iron-ATP was reached. At this ratio, the ability of the studied series of flavonoids to suppress the Fenton reaction characteristic of iron-ATP follows as quercetin approximate to luteolin > naringenin approximate to baicilein. Both quercetin and luteolin contain catechol on the B ring, which may enhance the iron chelation of these species over baicilein and naringenin. The common structural feature of all of these flavonoids is the 4-keto, 5-hydroxy region, which may also contribute to the chelation of iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- I F Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844-2343, USA.
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Clare L, Wilson BA, Carter G, Breen K, Gosses A, Hodges JR. Intervening with everyday memory problems in dementia of Alzheimer type: an errorless learning approach. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2000; 22:132-46. [PMID: 10649552 DOI: 10.1076/1380-3395(200002)22:1;1-8;ft132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Dementia of Alzheimer Type (DAT) is increasingly detected at an earlier stage of the disorder, when interventions to assist with everyday memory difficulties might be most valuable. Some learning is possible in DAT and a number of factors have been identified which may facilitate performance, although applications to everyday memory problems have been limited. The concept of errorless learning has not previously been directly examined in relation to DAT, but might provide a useful additional strategy. In the present study, 6 participants with early stage DAT (MMSE scores 21 - 26) received individually tailored interventions, based on errorless learning principles and targeted at a specific everyday memory problem. Five of the participants showed significant improvement on the target measures, and maintained this improvement up to 6 months later. The results suggest that it is feasible to intervene with everyday memory problems in the early stages
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Affiliation(s)
- L Clare
- Sub-department of Clinical Health Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Parathyroid diseases can present with psychiatric symptoms and can be recognized through determinations of serum electrolytes, especially the calcium level. Psychiatric evaluations should include a serum calcium concentration test, which is also essential in reassessment of patients poorly responsive to mental illness treatment. A magnesium and a phosphate assay may also be diagnostically helpful. Abnormality of divalent cation levels may provide evidence for consideration of, or ruling out, parathyroid disorders. Determinations of parathyroid hormone are performed if clinically indicated, and if abnormal divalent cation quantifications are confirmed. If parathyroid disease is identified, corrective endocrine therapies may diminish or even cure psychiatric aspects of parathyroid pathology. Failure to recognize a parathyroid disorder leaves an endocrine-induced mental dysfunction without proper treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Velasco
- Central State Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Woodman CL, Breen K, Noyes R, Moss C, Fagerholm R, Yagla SJ, Summers R. The relationship between irritable bowel syndrome and psychiatric illness. A family study. Psychosomatics 1998; 39:45-54. [PMID: 9538675 DOI: 10.1016/s0033-3182(98)71380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder among gastrointestinal clinic outpatients, it continues to be a diagnosis of exclusion. In treatment-seeking populations, IBS has been frequently associated with psychiatric illness, and this co-occurrence has added to controversy about the validity of the IBS diagnosis. This study is a preliminary effort to examine the nature of this relationship by using the family study design. The probands consisted of 20 patients with IBS and 20 patients who had undergone laproscopic cholecystectomy. Their first-degree relatives were interviewed to obtain lifetime diagnoses of functional gastrointestinal and psychiatric syndromes. Significantly more IBS probands had lifetime psychiatric illness than the cholecystectomy probands. The lifetime prevalence of IBS as well as other functional gastrointestinal syndromes was not significantly different between the groups of relatives. However, significantly more relatives of the IBS probands had lifetime psychiatric illness than the relatives of the cholecystectomy probands. Among the relatives with functional gastrointestinal disorders, significantly more had psychiatric illness. This preliminary study provides support for a relationship between IBS and psychiatric illness by the finding of an increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders among the relatives of patients who have IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Woodman
- University of Iowa, Department of Psychiatry, Iowa City 52242, USA
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Sinclair RD, Rotstein H, Clemmens L, Prentice D, Rode J, Breen K. Methotrexate hepatotoxicity and the role of routine liver biopsy: a collective opinion. Australas J Dermatol 1995; 36:228-9. [PMID: 8593119 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.1995.tb00985.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Abstract
This study examines the relationship between reading and naming in an anomic patient whose verbal comprehension skills were intact. In spite of very poor naming skills, his ability to read irregular words was well preserved. Moreover, his naming remained impaired in conditions when he had read the same word only a few minutes or even seconds before and there was unexpectedly little overlap between his performance on the two tasks. The implications of these results for current models of reading and naming are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Breen
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London
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22
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Abstract
We describe our investigations of the word retrieval abilities of a patient (NOR) with a very severe anomia. NOR had the greatest difficulty naming even very common objects to confrontation yet his word comprehension, word repetition and reading skills were intact. We documented the efficacy of different types of cues for name retrieval. Phonological and semantic cues were either ineffective or had a minor effect. By contrast a sentence frame even a low probability sentence frame (e.g. I went to the shop to buy a ...?) had a very significant facilitatory effect for object naming. In a series of experiments we explored the basis of this facilitation. It was shown that neither a picture frame, an associated verb, nor a syntactically correct but semantically meaningless sentence frame were effective cues. Our findings challenge the orthodox linear models of object naming. We interpret our observations in the context of Luria's distinction between nominative and propositional language. It is suggested that there may be two 'routes' to name retrieval, one that utilises a nominative system and an alternative one that utilises an on-line language processor that constructs propositional speech. It is the integrity of this latter system that could account for the facilitation of naming by a sentence frame in NOR, and also for the frequently observed phenomenon of the preservation of fluent speech in patients with a grave anomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Breen
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London
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Fazeli MS, Breen K, Errington ML, Bliss TV. Increase in extracellular NCAM and amyloid precursor protein following induction of long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of anaesthetized rats. Neurosci Lett 1994; 169:77-80. [PMID: 8047297 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(94)90360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular concentrations of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and neural-cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in the dentate gyrus of the anaesthetized rat were assayed before and after the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in vivo. Levels of high molecular weight neurofilament protein and activity of the lysosomal enzyme arylsulphatase were measured as internal controls and indicators of neuronal damage. Ninety minutes after the induction of LTP, the concentrations of NCAM and APP increased, in an NMDA-dependent manner, in the absence of changes in neurofilament and arylsulphatase levels. The delayed changes in the extracellular concentration of these molecules may reflect events leading to morphological modifications following LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Fazeli
- Department of Experimental Pathology, UMDS, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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24
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Mollison LC, Desmond PV, Stockman KA, Andrew JH, Watson K, Shaw G, Breen K. A prospective study of septic complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1994; 9:55-9. [PMID: 8155867 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.1994.tb01216.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Prophylactic antibiotics are used in an attempt to avoid the septic complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). We prospectively performed blood cultures and surveyed patients for complications. The aims were first, to determine the incidence of bacteraemia associated with ERCP, second, to assess the incidence of clinical sepsis following the procedure and third, to evaluate the effectiveness of our antibiotic prophylaxis. One hundred and fifty successive patients underwent 179 ERCP. Bacteraemia related to the procedure or the underlying pathology was found in nine procedures (5.2%). Bacteraemias were more likely to complicate therapeutic procedures (P = 0.015), biliary obstruction (P = 0.045) or underlying pathology (P = 0.022). Although 61% of ERCP received antibiotics, 22 septic events occurred. Five bacteraemic patients were septic despite antibiotics. Septic complications were associated with the same factors as bacteraemia. It was concluded that patients with biliary obstruction and undergoing therapeutic endoscopic procedures are at greatest risk of bacteraemia. Single dose prophylactic antibiotics may not prevent sepsis in these patients and longer-acting drugs or repeated dosing may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Mollison
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
Following a report indicating almost a 100% risk for hyperprolactinemia in cocaine users after 1 month of abstinence, the authors determined the serum prolactin concentrations of 23 male inpatients who had abstained from cocaine for 2-43 weeks. None showed high prolactin levels; this places the incidence below 12.3% with 95% confidence. These results imply that persistent hyperprolactinemia requires a medical explanation other than cocaine abstinence itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Swartz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences/Chicago Medical School, IL 60064
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26
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Swartz CM, Breen K, Wahby VS. Pharmacologic provocation and dexamethasone suppression test sensitivity. Neuropsychobiology 1989; 22:11-3. [PMID: 2700773 DOI: 10.1159/000118585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In expectation of improving sensitivity, the standard 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was given to 10 depressed inpatients and repeated with theophylline or caffeine and again following 3 days of lorazepam with abrupt discontinuation. Two patients showed nonsuppression on the standard DST; 2 suppressors changed to nonsuppression after lorazepam discontinuation, and 1 also changed after theophylline. This increase from 20 to 40% sensitivity remains significantly less than a desirable minimum 80% sensitivity (p less than 0.001), which suggests that a consistent DST sensitivity of 80% in melancholia is unlikely to be attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Swartz
- Department of Psychiatry, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, Ill
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Abstract
Thirty-two cases of Wernicke's encephalopathy were admitted to hospital for treatment in a period of 33 months; this represented a relatively low incidence in total hospital admissions. Thiamin status was deficient, borderline and normal in 21 (66%), five (16%) and six (19%) patients, respectively, and responded immediately to treatment in those who had abnormal thiamin status. Ophthalmoplegia responded rapidly to treatment. Nystagmus, ataxia, disturbance of mental function and peripheral neuropathy responded incompletely to treatment in both the short-and the long-term. The overall setting for the development of Wernicke's encephalopathy appears to be chronic alcohol abuse, accompanied by cerebral "atrophy" and liver disease, but often without gross evidence of malnutrition.
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Breen K, Wandscheer JC, Peignoux M, Pessayre D. In situ formation of the acetaminophen metabolite covalently bound in kidney and lung. Supportive evidence provided by total hepatectomy. Biochem Pharmacol 1982; 31:115-6. [PMID: 7059343 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(82)90247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Wood B, Goode A, Buttigieg R, Breen K. The effect of short-term moderate alcohol consumption on health and thiamin status. J Stud Alcohol 1982; 43:158-63. [PMID: 6125627 DOI: 10.15288/jsa.1982.43.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Abstract
A double blind study of partial thiamin restriction was undertaken in 19 volunteer male medical students for a period of 4 to 5 weeks. Each day the subjects followed a diet supplying 500 micrograms thiamin and took 1 capsule randomly assigned to contain 5 mg thiamin hydrochloride or thiamin placebo. This capsule also supplied physiological doses of other vitamins. At the end of the study all were repleted with thiamin hydrochloride. Ten thiamin-depleted subjects were correctly identified by low urinary thiamin excretion, decreasing erythrocyte transketolase activity, and elevation of the thiamin pyrophosphate effect. The remaining nine subjects were controls. The degree of thiamin depletion induced varied between individuals and had no measurable ill effect on health as assessed by subjective feelings, physical findings, psychological testing, nerve conduction studies, and work performance. Subclinical thiamin deficiency is defined from this study as the presence of a low urinary thiamin level (27 microgram thiamin/g creatinine) together with a thiamin pyrophosphate effect above 14.2% and below 35.4%. However, when urinary thiamin excretion is unknown, the data indicate that a thiamin pyrophosphate effect above 9% and below 41.6% is likely but not certain to represent subclinical thiamin deficiency. These guidelines, developed under experimental conditions, are a reference framework for assessment of thiamin status in population groups but should be applied with caution to individuals and to people with disease.
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