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Roche K, Khan SP, Botti C, Giampietro P, Anderson S, Ashkinadze E. The potential impact of implementation of expanded carrier screening on pediatric patient diagnoses: A retrospective chart review of patients who receive care in an outpatient genetics clinic in the northeast. J Genet Couns 2023. [PMID: 37877205 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The use of expanded carrier screening (ECS) to assess reproductive risk for autosomal recessive (AR) or X-linked recessive (XLR) conditions has been increasingly integrated into obstetrical care. The aim of this study was to determine what proportion of pediatric patients seen by a medical genetics practice could have had their diagnosis predicted if the parent(s) had undergone currently available ECS at the time of data collection in 2021. A retrospective chart review of patients seen for a medical genetic evaluation at a large academic institution was performed from June 1, 2017, through June 1, 2020. At this institution, 8% of patients were diagnosed with an AR or XLR condition. Of these patients, 61% of the diagnoses could have been predicted in advance if the parent(s) had undergone ECS via the panel referenced in this study. The results of this study highlight the broad range of conditions currently seen in a clinical setting that could be identified as a risk prior to or during pregnancy via ECS. In the prenatal setting, ascertainment of reproductive risk via ECS enables prospective parents to undertake interventions such as prenatal and preimplantation genetic diagnosis. For parents who decline reproductive risk-reducing measures, knowledge about neonatal risk allows for prompt confirmatory testing. In the pediatric setting, the option of early and focused testing can benefit affected individuals and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Roche
- Rutgers University Genetic Counseling Master's Program, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shama P Khan
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christina Botti
- Division of Medical Genetics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Philip Giampietro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Elena Ashkinadze
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Poole E, Huang CJZ, Forbester J, Shnayder M, Nachshon A, Kweider B, Basaj A, Smith D, Jackson SE, Liu B, Shih J, Kiskin FN, Roche K, Murphy E, Wills MR, Morrell NW, Dougan G, Stern-Ginossar N, Rana AA, Sinclair J. An iPSC-Derived Myeloid Lineage Model of Herpes Virus Latency and Reactivation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2233. [PMID: 31649625 PMCID: PMC6795026 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses undergo life-long latent infection which can be life-threatening in the immunocompromised. Models of latency and reactivation of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) include primary myeloid cells, cells known to be important for HCMV latent carriage and reactivation in vivo. However, primary cells are limited in availability, and difficult to culture and to genetically modify; all of which have hampered our ability to fully understand virus/host interactions of this persistent human pathogen. We have now used iPSCs to develop a model cell system to study HCMV latency and reactivation in different cell types after their differentiation down the myeloid lineage. Our results show that iPSCs can effectively mimic HCMV latency/reactivation in primary myeloid cells, allowing molecular interrogations of the viral latent/lytic switch. This model may also be suitable for analysis of other viruses, such as HIV and Zika, which also infect cells of the myeloid lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Poole
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jessica Forbester
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Miri Shnayder
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aharon Nachshon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Baraa Kweider
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Basaj
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bin Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joy Shih
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fedir N. Kiskin
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - K. Roche
- Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - E. Murphy
- Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mark R. Wills
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gordon Dougan
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Noam Stern-Ginossar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amer A. Rana
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Sinclair
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Roche K, Kuta J, Sedláček I, Červenka R, Tomanová K, Jurajda P. First data on uranium uptake in three nototheniid fishes from Antarctica (James Ross Island). Chemosphere 2018; 211:510-514. [PMID: 30086527 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have confirmed historic atmospheric deposition of uranium in Antarctica, with a steep and significant increase in levels deposited since the 1980s in Antarctic Peninsula ice core samples. To date, however, there has been little or no attention paid to uranium in the Antarctic food web. Here, we present results for uranium content in scales of three common nototheniid species (Trematomus bernacchii, Gobionotothen gibberifrons, Notothenia coriiceps) from coastal waters off James Ross Island (Antarctic Peninsula). While mean total uranium levels (mean ± SD) were low and similar between species (N. coriiceps 0.08 μg g-1 ± 0.01, T. bernacchii 0.17 μg g-1 ± 0.10; G. gibberifrons 0.11 μg g-1 ± 0.04), linear regressions against standard length indicated bioaccumulation in T. bernacchii (ANOVA, F = 7.8349, P = 0.0076). We suggest this may be the result of dietary specialisation on prey with calcareous shells that accumulate uranium. To the best of our knowledge, this paper provides the first quantitative baseline data on uranium levels in coastal Antarctic nototheniids. While the low levels recorded are unlikely to represent a threat within the food chain, we suggest that further long-term trophic studies (including stable isotope analysis) are needed, recognising that the feeding ecology of individual species (and even individuals) can have a strong effect on overall trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Roche
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - J Kuta
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - I Sedláček
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - R Červenka
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - K Tomanová
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Jurajda
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic
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Serena C, Keiran N, Ceperuelo-Mallafre V, Ejarque M, Fradera R, Roche K, Nuñez-Roa C, Vendrell J, Fernández-Veledo S. Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Alters the Immune Properties of Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2559-2573. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Serena
- Hospital Universitari De Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut D´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili; Universitat Rovira I Virgili; Tarragona Spain
- Instituto De Salud Carlos III; CIBER De Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM); Madrid Spain
| | - Noelia Keiran
- Hospital Universitari De Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut D´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili; Universitat Rovira I Virgili; Tarragona Spain
- Instituto De Salud Carlos III; CIBER De Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM); Madrid Spain
| | - Victoria Ceperuelo-Mallafre
- Hospital Universitari De Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut D´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili; Universitat Rovira I Virgili; Tarragona Spain
- Instituto De Salud Carlos III; CIBER De Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM); Madrid Spain
| | - Miriam Ejarque
- Hospital Universitari De Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut D´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili; Universitat Rovira I Virgili; Tarragona Spain
- Instituto De Salud Carlos III; CIBER De Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM); Madrid Spain
| | | | - Kelly Roche
- Hospital Universitari De Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut D´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili; Universitat Rovira I Virgili; Tarragona Spain
- Instituto De Salud Carlos III; CIBER De Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM); Madrid Spain
| | - Catalina Nuñez-Roa
- Hospital Universitari De Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut D´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili; Universitat Rovira I Virgili; Tarragona Spain
- Instituto De Salud Carlos III; CIBER De Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM); Madrid Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Hospital Universitari De Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut D´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili; Universitat Rovira I Virgili; Tarragona Spain
- Instituto De Salud Carlos III; CIBER De Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM); Madrid Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Hospital Universitari De Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut D´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili; Universitat Rovira I Virgili; Tarragona Spain
- Instituto De Salud Carlos III; CIBER De Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM); Madrid Spain
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Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Ejarque M, Serena C, Duran X, Montori-Grau M, Rodríguez MA, Yanes O, Núñez-Roa C, Roche K, Puthanveetil P, Garrido-Sánchez L, Saez E, Tinahones FJ, Garcia-Roves PM, Gómez-Foix AM, Saltiel AR, Vendrell J, Fernández-Veledo S. Adipose tissue glycogen accumulation is associated with obesity-linked inflammation in humans. Mol Metab 2015; 5:5-18. [PMID: 26844203 PMCID: PMC4703799 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Glycogen metabolism has emerged as a mediator in the control of energy homeostasis and studies in murine models reveal that adipose tissue might contain glycogen stores. Here we investigated the physio(patho)logical role of glycogen in human adipose tissue in the context of obesity and insulin resistance. Methods We studied glucose metabolic flux of hypoxic human adipoctyes by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry-based metabolic approaches. Glycogen synthesis and glycogen content in response to hypoxia was analyzed in human adipocytes and macrophages. To explore the metabolic effects of enforced glycogen deposition in adipocytes and macrophages, we overexpressed PTG, the only glycogen-associated regulatory subunit (PP1-GTS) reported in murine adipocytes. Adipose tissue gene expression analysis was performed on wild type and homozygous PTG KO male mice. Finally, glycogen metabolism gene expression and glycogen accumulation was analyzed in adipose tissue, mature adipocytes and resident macrophages from lean and obese subjects with different degrees of insulin resistance in 2 independent cohorts. Results We show that hypoxia modulates glucose metabolic flux in human adipocytes and macrophages and promotes glycogenesis. Enforced glycogen deposition by overexpression of PTG re-orients adipocyte secretion to a pro-inflammatory response linked to insulin resistance and monocyte/lymphocyte migration. Furthermore, glycogen accumulation is associated with inhibition of mTORC1 signaling and increased basal autophagy flux, correlating with greater leptin release in glycogen-loaded adipocytes. PTG-KO mice have reduced expression of key inflammatory genes in adipose tissue and PTG overexpression in M0 macrophages induces a pro-inflammatory and glycolytic M1 phenotype. Increased glycogen synthase expression correlates with glycogen deposition in subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese patients. Glycogen content in subcutaneous mature adipocytes is associated with BMI and leptin expression. Conclusion Our data establish glycogen mishandling in adipose tissue as a potential key feature of inflammatory-related metabolic stress in human obesity. Hypoxia redirects extracellular glucose to glycogen synthesis in human adipocytes. Glycogen modifies the endocrine function of adipocytes and induces insulin resistance. Glycogen stimulates leptin secretion through an autophagy-dependent mechanism. Enforced glycogen accumulation in macrophages promotes M1 polarization. Obesity is associated with higher GS expression and glycogen stores in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victòria Ceperuelo-Mallafré
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Ejarque
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Serena
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Duran
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Montori-Grau
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Rodríguez
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Oscar Yanes
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Catalina Núñez-Roa
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kelly Roche
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, IBIMA, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Saez
- Department of Chemical Physiology and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, IBIMA, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo M. Garcia-Roves
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas II, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Ma Gómez-Foix
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alan R. Saltiel
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding authors. Research Unit, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, c/o Dr. Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona. Spain. Tel.: +34 977 29 58 00; fax: +34 977 29 58 23.
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding authors. Research Unit, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, c/o Dr. Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona. Spain. Tel.: +34 977 29 58 00; fax: +34 977 29 58 23.
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Megia A, Gil-Lluis P, Näf S, Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Gonzalez-Clemente JM, Llauradó G, Nuñez-Roa C, Roche K, Ballesteros M, Yañez RE, Fernández-Veledo S, Vendrell J. Cord blood FGF21 in gestational diabetes and its relationship with postnatal growth. Acta Diabetol 2015; 52:693-700. [PMID: 25604041 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-014-0705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To study whether FGF21 was present in cord blood and explore its relationship with maternal variables and postnatal growth. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study included 157 pregnant women at the beginning of the third trimester; 79 with gestational diabetes (GDM), 78 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), and their offspring. Glucose metabolism was assessed by oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin resistance was assessed by homeostasis model assessment index-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). FGF21 was determined in maternal plasma drawn at recruitment and in cord blood obtained at delivery. Offspring weight and height was assessed at birth and at 12, 24 and 48 months. RESULTS Maternal FGF21 was higher in gestational diabetes than in the normal glucose-tolerant group, whereas similar cord blood FGF21 levels were observed in both groups. Lower cord blood FGF21 was strongly positively correlated with maternal circulating levels. This relationship was independent of mother's prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), glucose levels and HOMA-IR. Although maternal FGF21 levels were correlated with prepregnancy BMI and HOMA-IR index, no relationship was observed between FGF21 and birth weight. However, cord blood FGF21 levels were correlated with BMI Zeta Score at 12 and 24 months, and this relationship became stronger when only the NGT group was analyzed. CONCLUSION FGF21 is present in human cord blood, and its levels are closely correlated with maternal levels. The association observed between cord blood FGF21 and postnatal BMI may suggest a potential role during intrauterine life that may influence future metabolic imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Megia
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Section, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Dr. Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain,
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Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Ejarque M, Duran X, Pachón G, Vázquez-Carballo A, Roche K, Núñez-Roa C, Garrido-Sánchez L, Tinahones FJ, Vendrell J, Fernández-Veledo S. Zinc-α2-Glycoprotein Modulates AKT-Dependent Insulin Signaling in Human Adipocytes by Activation of the PP2A Phosphatase. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129644. [PMID: 26068931 PMCID: PMC4465909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Evidence from mouse models suggests that zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a novel anti-obesity adipokine. In humans, however, data are controversial and its physiological role in adipose tissue (AT) remains unknown. Here we explored the molecular mechanisms by which ZAG regulates carbohydrate metabolism in human adipocytes. Methods ZAG action on glucose uptake and insulin action was analyzed. β1 and β2-adrenoreceptor (AR) antagonists and siRNA targeting PP2A phosphatase were used to examine the mechanisms by which ZAG modulates insulin sensitivity. Plasma levels of ZAG were measured in a lean patient cohort stratified for HOMA-IR. Results ZAG treatment increased basal glucose uptake, correlating with an increase in GLUT expression, but induced insulin resistance in adipocytes. Pretreatment of adipocytes with propranolol and a specific β1-AR antagonist demonstrated that ZAG effects on basal glucose uptake and GLUT4 expression are mediated via β1-AR, whereas inhibition of insulin action is dependent on β2-AR activation. ZAG treatment correlated with an increase in PP2A activity. Silencing of the PP2A catalytic subunit abrogated the negative effect of ZAG on insulin-stimulated AKT phosphorylation and glucose uptake but not on GLUT4 expression and basal glucose uptake. ZAG circulating levels were unchanged in a lean patient cohort stratified for HOMA-IR. Neither glucose nor insulin was associated with plasma ZAG. Conclusions ZAG inhibits insulin-induced glucose uptake in human adipocytes by impairing insulin signaling at the level of AKT in a β2-AR- and PP2A-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victòria Ceperuelo-Mallafré
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Ejarque
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Duran
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gisela Pachón
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Vázquez-Carballo
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kelly Roche
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Núñez-Roa
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (JV); (SFV)
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (JV); (SFV)
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Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Duran X, Pachón G, Roche K, Garrido-Sánchez L, Vilarrasa N, Tinahones FJ, Vicente V, Pujol J, Vendrell J, Fernández-Veledo S. Disruption of GIP/GIPR axis in human adipose tissue is linked to obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E908-19. [PMID: 24512489 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) has a central role in glucose homeostasis through its amplification of insulin secretion; however, its physiological role in adipose tissue is unclear. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to define the function of GIP in human adipose tissue in relation to obesity and insulin resistance. DESIGN GIP receptor (GIPR) expression was analyzed in human sc adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose (VAT) from lean and obese subjects in 3 independent cohorts. GIPR expression was associated with anthropometric and biochemical variables. GIP responsiveness on insulin sensitivity was analyzed in human adipocyte cell lines in normoxic and hypoxic environments as well as in adipose-derived stem cells obtained from lean and obese patients. RESULTS GIPR expression was downregulated in SAT from obese patients and correlated negatively with body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and glucose and triglyceride levels. Furthermore, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, glucose, and G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) emerged as variables strongly associated with GIPR expression in SAT. Glucose uptake studies and insulin signaling in human adipocytes revealed GIP as an insulin-sensitizer incretin. Immunoprecipitation experiments suggested that GIP promotes the interaction of GRK2 with GIPR and decreases the association of GRK2 to insulin receptor substrate 1. These effects of GIP observed under normoxia were lost in human fat cells cultured in hypoxia. In support of this, GIP increased insulin sensitivity in human adipose-derived stem cells from lean patients. GIP also induced GIPR expression, which was concomitant with a downregulation of the incretin-degrading enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4. None of the physiological effects of GIP were detected in human fat cells obtained from an obese environment with reduced levels of GIPR. CONCLUSIONS GIP/GIPR signaling is disrupted in insulin-resistant states, such as obesity, and normalizing this function might represent a potential therapy in the treatment of obesity-associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victòria Ceperuelo-Mallafré
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain) and Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria (V.C.-M., L.G.-S., F.J.T.), 29010 Málaga, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain) (X.D., G.P., K.R., N.V., J.V., S.F.-V.) and Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII-Institut d Investigació Sanitária Pere Virgili-Universitat Rovira i Virgili (G.P., K.R., V.V., J.V., S.F.-V.), 43007 Tarragona, Spain; and Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (N.V., J.P.), 08907 Barcelona, Spain
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Janáč M, Jurajda P, Kružíková L, Roche K, Prášek V. Reservoir to river passage of age-0+ year fishes, indication of a dispersion pathway for a non-native species. J Fish Biol 2013; 82:994-1010. [PMID: 23464556 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates passage of age-0+ year individuals of pikeperch Sander lucioperca, common bream Abramis brama and non-native tubenose goby Proterorhinus semilunaris from the Nové Mlýny Reservoir into the River Dyje (Danube River basin, Czech Republic) through the turbine of a hydropower facility. Most fishes had standard length (LS ) in the range 12-33 mm. Seasonal patterns corresponded with spawning activity, i.e. an early single spawning event for S. lucioperca, multiple spawning events for A. brama and continuous spawning with a later start and prolonged duration for P. semilunaris. Sander lucioperca, P. semilunaris and larger A. brama (>22 mm) drifted almost exclusively during the dark; smaller A. brama displayed no preference for light or dark. Proterorhinus semilunaris displayed significantly lower mortality than other species when passing through the turbine (3% compared to 18%). The passage of high numbers of P. semilunaris from the reservoir (estimated at 473 000 individuals per year), and their subsequent mass downstream drift, may have contributed to rapid population establishment along the River Dyje and the quick downstream expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Janáč
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Hájková P, Pertoldi C, Zemanová B, Roche K, Hájek B, Bryja J, Zima J. Genetic structure and evidence for recent population decline in Eurasian otter populations in the Czech and Slovak Republics: implications for conservation. J Zool (1987) 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00259.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Lallemand MA, Lentschener C, Roche K, Grabar S, Bonnichon P, Ozier Y. [Hydroxyzine premedication does not alter bispectral index changes following etomidate induction of general anaesthesia]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2007; 26:202-6. [PMID: 17258423 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2006.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2006] [Accepted: 09/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Various drugs including hydroxyzine are preoperatively administered to facilitate the induction of general anaesthesia. We investigated the effect of hydroxyzine premedication on BIS-based etomidate induction of general anaesthesia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-seven ASA I-II consecutive patients were randomly allocated to receive oral hydroxyzine 1.5 mg/kg or placebo, 90 min prior to inducing general anaesthesia using intravenous etomidate alone 0.3 mg/kg. BIS values were continuously recorded. The times for the BIS to decrease to 50 and to loss of eyelid reflex; the evolution of arterial pressure and heart rate; and myoclonia rate and grade were investigated and compared. RESULTS The results for the hydroxyzine and placebo groups were similar with respect to: a) time [median (range) (seconds)] to a BIS decrease to 50 [100 (21-266) versus 113 (30-510), P=0.1] and to loss of eyelid reflex [83 (21-210) versus 97 (30-300), P=0.1]; b) myoclonia frequency (yes/no) (9/26 versus 4/28, P=0.2) and grade (P=0.3); the evolution of mean arterial pressure and heart rate (P=0.3). CONCLUSION Oral weight-related hydroxyzine premedication does not alter BIS-based etomidate induction of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Lallemand
- Service d'anesthésie-réanimation, faculté de médecine, université Paris-V-René-Descartes, hôpital Cochin, EA 3623, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75679 Paris cedex 14, France
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12
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Buckman RA, Wong NS, Clemons M, Verma S, Trudeau ME, Roche K, Kerbel RS, Deboer G, Sutherland DJ, Pritchard KI. Phase I-II study of DalCM-P [daily dalteparin (Dal), cyclophosphamide (C) and prednisone (P) and bi-weekly methotrexate (M)] as therapy for metastatic breast cancer (MBC). J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Buckman
- Princess Margaret Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook & Women’s Coll Health Sciences Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ottawa Regional Cancer Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - N.-S. Wong
- Princess Margaret Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook & Women’s Coll Health Sciences Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ottawa Regional Cancer Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - M. Clemons
- Princess Margaret Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook & Women’s Coll Health Sciences Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ottawa Regional Cancer Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S. Verma
- Princess Margaret Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook & Women’s Coll Health Sciences Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ottawa Regional Cancer Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - M. E. Trudeau
- Princess Margaret Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook & Women’s Coll Health Sciences Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ottawa Regional Cancer Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - K. Roche
- Princess Margaret Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook & Women’s Coll Health Sciences Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ottawa Regional Cancer Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - R. S. Kerbel
- Princess Margaret Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook & Women’s Coll Health Sciences Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ottawa Regional Cancer Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - G. Deboer
- Princess Margaret Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook & Women’s Coll Health Sciences Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ottawa Regional Cancer Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - D. J. Sutherland
- Princess Margaret Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook & Women’s Coll Health Sciences Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ottawa Regional Cancer Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - K. I. Pritchard
- Princess Margaret Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook & Women’s Coll Health Sciences Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ottawa Regional Cancer Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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13
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Roche K. UK's first 'wellness centre' takes preventive action. Nurs Times 2000; 96:44-5. [PMID: 11968287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Abstract
We report a case of adenomyoma of the small intestine arising in a Meckel diverticulum. The patient was a 22-month-old boy who presented with signs and symptoms of intussusception. At surgery, a Meckel diverticulum was found and removed. On histologic examination, a tumor consisting of dilated cystic glands and smooth muscle bundles was identified. A diagnosis of adenomyoma arising in a Meckel diverticulum was made. A review of the literature showed that only six other pediatric cases of adenomyoma of the small intestine have been reported. The presence of an adenomyoma in a young patient within a Meckel diverticulum favors the view that adenomyomas are a variant of pancreatic heterotopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Yao
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pediatric Pathology, New York University Medical Center, 560 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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15
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Roche K. New guidelines to evaluate tumour response. Eur J Cancer 2000; 36:683. [PMID: 10847696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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16
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Roche K. The 1st AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics. Washington DC, USA. 16-19 November 1999. American Association for Cancer Research. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Eur J Cancer 2000; 36:286-7. [PMID: 10777256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Warner E, Hedley D, Andrulis I, Myers R, Trudeau M, Warr D, Pritchard KI, Blackstein M, Goss PE, Franssen E, Roche K, Knight S, Webster S, Fraser RA, Oldfield S, Hill W, Kates R. Phase II study of dexverapamil plus anthracycline in patients with metastatic breast cancer who have progressed on the same anthracycline regimen. Clin Cancer Res 1998; 4:1451-7. [PMID: 9626462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether metastatic breast cancer that has progressed on an anthracycline-containing drug regimen will subsequently respond to that identical regimen if dexverapamil, a modulator of P-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance, is given concomitantly. Eligible patients received 180 mg/m2 dexverapamil every 6 h for 15 doses with the anthracycline administered 30 min after the seventh dose. Blood for dexverapamil levels was drawn before and 30 min after this dose. When possible, biopsies were obtained to measure mdr-1 expression by reverse transcription-PCR and by image cytometry. Of the 21 patients entered onto the trial, 20 were evaluable for response. There were two partial responses (10%) that both lasted for 6 months, and two additional patients had stable disease. Seven patients had asymptomatic cardiotoxicity consisting of hypotension (24%), bradycardia (5%), or prolongation of the P-R interval (14%). Two patients developed acute congestive heart failure, one on dexverapamil and one 10 days after stopping it. Dexverapamil did not seem to increase anthracycline toxicity. The median trough dexverapamil plus norverapamil level on day 3 was 1110 ng/ml (range, 186-3385 ng/ml), and the median peak level was 2164 ng/ml (range, 964-8382 ng/ml). There was poor correlation between reverse transcription-PCR and image cytometry for the level of mdr-1 expression. Because dexverapamil has been shown to affect doxorubicin pharmacokinetics subsequent to the initiation of this trial, it cannot be concluded that the responses seen were necessarily due to P-glycoprotein inhibition. Additional studies are necessary to determine whether mdr-1 modulators can reverse clinical drug resistance in breast cancer patients. The intrinsic cardiotoxicity of dexverapamil makes it less suitable for such studies than several other available agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Warner
- Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Ontario, Canada.
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18
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Uli N, Chin D, David R, Geneiser N, Roche K, Marino F, Shapiro E, Prasad K, Oberfield S. Menstrual bleeding in a female infant with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: altered maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82:3298-302. [PMID: 9329357 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.82.10.4277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vaginal bleeding during the neonatal period is commonly related to the withdrawal of maternal estrogens. Vaginal bleeding has also been reported in female infants with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and has been proposed to be due to a treatment-induced activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. We report a female infant with the salt-losing form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, who had the onset of vaginal bleeding at 3 months of life. Adrenal steroid suppression had been achieved by 2.5 weeks of age. At the time of bleeding, imaging studies revealed an enlarged right ovary with a dominant 3-cm cyst and additional small cysts that had not been seen on the newborn sonogram. The uterus was enlarged and stimulated. Three weeks later (1 week after the cessation of bleeding), repeat ultrasound demonstrated a marked decrease in the size of the right ovary, and the dominant cyst was no longer seen. The patient had a heightened FSH response to GnRH and elevated levels of estradiol for age. At 5 months of age, no further episodes of sustained vaginal bleeding were observed. Repeat hormonal levels were prepubertal, and pelvic sonogram demonstrated no evidence of stimulation. The findings in our patient suggest that a decline in adrenal androgens after glucocorticoid treatment resulted in an increase in gonadotropin levels, which then triggered a transient and augmented end-organ response (menses). Further, we suggest that our infant's hormonal findings may reflect a delay in the timely development of the negative restraint by sex steroids on gonadotropins that is normally observed in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Uli
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016, USA
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19
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FineSmith RB, Roche K, Yellin PB, Walsh KK, Shen C, Zeglis M, Kahn A, Fish I. Effect of magnesium sulfate on the development of cystic periventricular leukomalacia in preterm infants. Am J Perinatol 1997; 14:303-7. [PMID: 9259949 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-994149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To determine if magnesium sulfate has an effect on the development of cystic periventricular leukomalacia in preterm infants, this retrospective case control study was conducted. There were 23,382 infants born at three teaching hospitals in the metropolitan New York area from January 1992 to December 1994. Four hundred ninety-two infants met our entrance criteria. Criteria included a birth weight < 1750 g, survival to at least 7 days of life and at least one cranial ultrasound after 7 days of life. Infants exposed to magnesium sulfate in utero were less likely to develop periventricular leukomalacia. Two of 18 (11%) infants with periventricular leukomalacia were exposed to magnesium sulfate in-utero compared to 14 of 36 controls (39%) (p = 0.035) (OR = 0.196, 95% CI = 0.039-0.988). Pre-eclampsia as an independent factor was not associated with a reduced risk (p = 0.251) (OR = 0.294, 95% CI = 0.033-2.65). Preterm infants exposed to antenatal magnesium sulfate were found to have a reduced risk of developing cystic periventricular leukomalacia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B FineSmith
- Department of Neurology, New York University, New York, USA
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20
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Brakeman PR, Lanahan AA, O'Brien R, Roche K, Barnes CA, Huganir RL, Worley PF. Homer: a protein that selectively binds metabotropic glutamate receptors. Nature 1997; 386:284-8. [PMID: 9069287 DOI: 10.1038/386284a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 848] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Spatial localization and clustering of membrane proteins is critical to neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. Recent studies have identified a family of proteins, the PDZ proteins, that contain modular PDZ domains and interact with synaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors and ion channels. PDZ proteins are thought to have a role in defining the cellular distribution of the proteins that interact with them. Here we report a novel dendritic protein, Homer, that contains a single, PDZ-like domain and binds specifically to the carboxy terminus of phosphoinositide-linked metabotropic glutamate receptors. Homer is highly divergent from known PDZ proteins and seems to represent a novel family. The Homer gene is also distinct from members of the PDZ family in that its expression is regulated as an immediate early gene and is dynamically responsive to physiological synaptic activity, particularly during cortical development. This dynamic transcriptional control suggests that Homer mediates a novel cellular mechanism that regulates metabotropic glutamate signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Brakeman
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Covens A, Thomas G, Shaw P, Ackerman I, Osborne R, Lukka H, Carey M, Franssen E, Roche K. A phase II study of leuprolide in advanced/recurrent endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 1997; 64:126-9. [PMID: 8995560 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.1996.4544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to determine the efficacy and toxicity of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist Leuprolide in the management of patients with recurrent or metastatic endometrial cancer, we performed a phase II study. Patients were included if there was clinical or radiological documentation of bidimensionally measurable recurrent or metastatic endometrial cancer that was deemed incurable. Treatment was 7.5 mg i.m. every 28 days, and was to continue for at least 2 courses until evidence of disease progression, patient requested withdrawal, or unacceptable toxicity. Twenty-five patients received Leuprolide for recurrent or metastatic endometrial cancer. The median age at study entry was 62 years, and the median time from initial diagnosis to first course of Leuprolide was 25 months. Six patients had received no systemic or radiotherapy prior to study entry, and 2 of these had not previously undergone hysterectomy. Fifteen patients received prior pelvic radiotherapy and 3 patients received prior whole abdominal radiotherapy. Nine of the 25 patients had received prior progestational agents, and 2 had received prior systemic chemotherapy. There were no responders, 8 patients had stable disease for a median 5 months (range 1-8), 14 patients progressed on therapy, and 3 patients were not evaluable for response due to receiving only 1 treatment. One patient experienced a grade 3 toxicity that was possibly attributable to Leuprolide (deep venous thrombosis). The median survival from study entry was 6 months. Twelve patients received progesterone after discontinuing this study, and none responded. Leuprolide does not appear to be a clinically active agent in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Covens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Ontario, Canada
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Taratuta E, Krinsky G, Genega E, Roche K, Geneisier N. Pediatric inflammatory pseudotumor of the stomach: contrast-enhanced CT and MR imaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1996; 167:919-20. [PMID: 8819383 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.167.4.8819383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Taratuta
- Department of Radiology, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Paclitaxel and cisplatin use for the treatment of advanced ovarian carcinoma (AOC) has been shown to increase median survival duration. An evaluation was performed on the economic consequences of treating AOC patients with combined paclitaxel and cisplatin chemotherapy compared with current usual care, i.e., combined cyclophosphamide and cisplatin chemotherapy. METHODS Linear modeling techniques combined with retrospective chart analysis were used to predict the clinical progression and treatment of AOC patients until death. Cost-effectiveness analysis comparing paclitaxel and cisplatin and usual care was performed from a simplified Ministry of Health perspective. RESULTS Assuming a 50% increase in survival for paclitaxel and cisplatin patients, an assumption supported by recent clinical trial data, this treatment showed an average lifetime cost per patient of $50,054 Cdn compared with a cost of $36,837 Cdn for usual care. The incremental cost of the paclitaxel and cisplatin treatment over the usual treatment was $20,355 Cdn per life year gained. These results withstood extensive sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Paclitaxel, in combination with cisplatin, appears to be a cost-effective first-line treatment for AOC. A moderate increase in incremental cost compares favorably with other life-saving strategies currently in use. As more data become available for the use of paclitaxel, this pilot study will provide a basis for more extensive economic evaluation of paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Covens
- Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Stanley SK, Ostrowski MA, Justement JS, Gantt K, Hedayati S, Mannix M, Roche K, Schwartzentruber DJ, Fox CH, Fauci AS. Effect of immunization with a common recall antigen on viral expression in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:1222-30. [PMID: 8606717 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199605093341903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of the immune system is a normal response to antigenic stimulation, and such activation enhances the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We studied the effect of immunization with a common recall antigen on viral expression in HIV-1-infected patients, on the ability to isolate virus, and on the susceptibility to HIV-1 infection of peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from control subjects not infected with HIV-1. METHODS Thirteen HIV-1-infected patients and 10 uninfected adults were given a 0.5-ml booster dose of tetanus toxoid. Studies were performed to evaluate changes in the degree of plasma viremia, proviral burden, the ability to isolate HIV-1, and the susceptibility of PBMCs to acute infection in vitro. Two patients underwent sequential lymph-node biopsies for the assessment of viral burden in these tissues. RESULTS All 13 HIV-1-infected patients had transient increase in plasma viremia after immunization, and the proviral burden increased in 11. These changes did not correlate with the base-line CD4+ T-cell counts. The lymph-node tissue also had increases in the proviral burden and viral RNA after immunization. The virus was more easily isolated from PBMCs from nine of the patients after immunization than before immunization. Despite considerable variability in the results, PBMCs from 7 of the 10 normal subjects were more easily infected in vitro with HIV-1 after immunization than before immunization. CONCLUSIONS Activation of the immune system by an ongoing antigen-specific immune response to an exogenous stimulus transiently increases the expression of HIV-1 and may enhance the susceptibility of uninfected subjects to HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Stanley
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-2520, USA
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Liang MD, Narayanan K, Ravilochan K, Roche K. The permeability of tissue expanders to bacteria: an experimental study. Plast Reconstr Surg 1993; 92:1294-7. [PMID: 8248404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Infection is an occasional but serious complication of tissue expansion. Bacteria in many cases are found both inside and outside the expander. The mechanism of how they spread inside and out is not fully understood. In the current study, we have assessed both the expander membranes (n = 28) and the port (n = 42) in terms of leakage and transmission of Staphylococcus aureus in normal expansion (100 percent) and overexpansion (400 percent) in an in vitro model. Our results indicate that the membrane was impermeable to S. aureus, whereas the bacteria were able to migrate freely through the puncture sites in the ports.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Liang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pa
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Rofsky NM, Genieser NB, Ambrosino MM, Weinreb JC, Roche K, Rausen AR. Diagnosis of occult primary rhabdomyosarcoma by magnetic resonance imaging. N Y State J Med 1993; 93:142-3. [PMID: 8455830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N M Rofsky
- Department of Radiology, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016
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