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Dong Y, Kang Z, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Liu Y, Shuai X, Li J, Yin L, Wang X, Ma Y, Fan H, Jiang F, Lin Z, Ding C, Yun Jin K, Sarapultsev A, Li F, Zhang G, Xie T, Yin C, Cheng X, Luo S, Liu Y, Hu D. Single-cell profile reveals the landscape of cardiac immunity and identifies a cardio-protective Ym-1 hi neutrophil in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:949-967. [PMID: 38395651 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a major hindrance to the success of cardiac reperfusion therapy. Although increased neutrophil infiltration is a hallmark of MIRI, the subtypes and alterations of neutrophils in this process remain unclear. Here, we performed single-cell sequencing of cardiac CD45+ cells isolated from the murine myocardium subjected to MIRI at six-time points. We identified diverse types of infiltrating immune cells and their dynamic changes during MIRI. Cardiac neutrophils showed the most immediate response and largest changes and featured with functionally heterogeneous subpopulations, including Ccl3hi Neu and Ym-1hi Neu, which were increased at 6 h and 1 d after reperfusion, respectively. Ym-1hi Neu selectively expressed genes with protective effects and was, therefore, identified as a novel specific type of cardiac cell in the injured heart. Further analysis indicated that neutrophils and their subtypes orchestrated subsequent immune responses in the cardiac tissues, especially instructing the response of macrophages. The abundance of Ym-1hi Neu was closely correlated with the therapeutic efficacy of MIRI when neutrophils were specifically targeted by anti-Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D (Ly6G) or anti-Intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) neutralizing antibodies. In addition, a neutrophil subtype with the same phenotype as Ym-1hi Neu was detected in clinical samples and correlated with prognosis. Ym-1 inhibition exacerbated myocardial injury, whereas Ym-1 supplementation significantly ameliorated injury in MIRI mice, which was attributed to the tilt of Ym-1 on the polarization of macrophages toward the repair phenotype in myocardial tissue. Overall, our findings reveal the anti-inflammatory phenotype of Ym-1hi Neu and highlight its critical role in myocardial protection during the early stages of MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Dong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhenyu Kang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zili Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Haifeng Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xinxin Shuai
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Junyi Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Liangqingqing Yin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xunxun Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of International Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Zhihao Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Congzhu Ding
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Kim Yun Jin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang 43900, Malaysia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 620049, Russia
| | - Fangfei Li
- Shum Yiu Foon Sum Bik Chuen Memorial Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research (CCIR), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Changjun Yin
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shanshan Luo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Yue Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; China-Russia Medical Research Center for Stress Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Zhou C, Yu T, Zhu R, Lu J, Ouyang X, Zhang Z, Chen Q, Li J, Cui J, Jiang F, Jin KY, Sarapultsev A, Li F, Zhang G, Luo S, Hu D. Timosaponin AIII promotes non-small-cell lung cancer ferroptosis through targeting and facilitating HSP90 mediated GPX4 ubiquitination and degradation. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:1471-1489. [PMID: 37056925 PMCID: PMC10086754 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.77979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Timosaponin AIII (Tim-AIII), a steroid saponin, exhibits strong anticancer activity in a variety of cancers, especially breast cancer and liver cancer. However, the underlying mechanism of the effects of Tim-AIII-mediated anti-lung cancer effects remain obscure. In this study, we showed that Tim-AIII suppressed cell proliferation and migration, induced G2/M phase arrest and ultimately triggered cell death of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines accompanied by the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and iron accumulation, malondialdehyde (MDA) production, and glutathione (GSH) depletion. Interestingly, we found that Tim-AIII-mediated cell death was reversed by ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). Meanwhile, the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) was predicted and verified as the direct binding target of Tim-AIII by SwissTargetPrediction (STP) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay. Further study showed that Tim-AIII promoted HSP90 expression and Tim-AIII induced cell death was blocked by the HSP90 inhibitor tanespimycin, indicating that HSP90 was the main target of Tim-AIII to further trigger intracellular events. Mechanical analysis revealed that the Tim-AIII-HSP90 complex further targeted and degraded glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and promoted the ubiquitination of GPX4, as shown by an immunoprecipitation, degradation and in vitro ubiquitination assay. In addition, Tim-AIII inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell death, led to ROS and iron accumulation, MDA production, GSH depletion, as well as GPX4 ubiquitination and degradation, were markedly abrogated when HSP90 was knockdown by HSP90-shRNA transfection. Importantly, Tim-AIII also showed a strong capacity of preventing tumor growth by promoting ferroptosis in a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model, whether C57BL/6J or BALB/c-nu/nu nude mice. Together, HSP90 was identified as a new target of Tim-AIII. Tim-AIII, by binding and forming a complex with HSP90, further targeted and degraded GPX4, ultimately induced ferroptosis in NSCLC. These findings provided solid evidence that Tim-AIII can serve as a potential candidate for NSCLC treatment.
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Lu J, Shuai B, Shou Z, Guo W, Zhou C, Ouyang X, Zhou H, Li J, Cui J, Jiang F, Jin KY, Sarapultsev A, Li F, Zhang G, Luo S, Hu D. Taraxasterol Inhibits Tumor Growth by Inducing Apoptosis and Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194645. [PMID: 36230568 PMCID: PMC9562636 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Taraxasterol (TAX) demonstrates strong pharmacological activity in some diseases. In this study, we demonstrate that TAX induces S-phase cell cycle arrest, prevents cell migration by interfering EMT, and induces cancer cell apoptosis. In addition, TAX administration downregulated the proportion of Treg cells and upregulated CD107a + NK cells in TME. Our in vitro and in vivo findings indicate that TAX could serve as a potential natural drug for lung cancer therapy. Abstract Taraxasterol (TAX), one of the active components in Dandelion, demonstrated strong antitumor properties in several cancers. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of TAX in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear. In this study, we showed that TAX inhibited the proliferation of cells by inducing S-phase cell cycle arrest and prevented cell migration by interfering epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cells and lung carcinoma SPC-A1 cells. The pharmacological network analysis predicted that induction of apoptosis might be the potential mechanism of TAX-mediated cell deaths. Further in vitro experiments showed that TAX could significantly induce cancer cell apoptosis as verified by increased pro-apoptotic molecules including Bax, caspase-9, and PARP1 downregulated anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2; and decreased mitochondrial potential. The LLC subcutaneous tumor model demonstrated that TAX inhibited tumor growth by induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in vivo, which is consistent with the in vitro data. Importantly, TAX administration downregulated the proportion of Treg cells and upregulated CD107a+ NK cells in the tumor microenvironment in the tumor model. Together, these data reveal that TAX performs its antitumor effect by inducing apoptosis and modulating the tumor microenvironment, providing evidence that TAX could serve as a potential natural drug for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Lu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bo Shuai
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhexing Shou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Weina Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430015, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaohu Ouyang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Haifeng Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Junyi Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Health Management Center, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- College of International Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Kim Yun Jin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang 43900, Malaysia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454000 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Fangfei Li
- Shum Yiu Foon Sum Bik Chuen Memorial Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Shanshan Luo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, The Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430022, China
- Clinical Research Center of Cancer Immunotherapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Correspondence:
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4
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Fitzmaurice C, Dicker D, Pain A, Hamavid H, Moradi-Lakeh M, MacIntyre MF, Allen C, Hansen G, Woodbrook R, Wolfe C, Hamadeh RR, Moore A, Werdecker A, Gessner BD, Te Ao B, McMahon B, Karimkhani C, Yu C, Cooke GS, Schwebel DC, Carpenter DO, Pereira DM, Nash D, Kazi DS, De Leo D, Plass D, Ukwaja KN, Thurston GD, Yun Jin K, Simard EP, Mills E, Park EK, Catalá-López F, deVeber G, Gotay C, Khan G, Hosgood HD, Santos IS, Leasher JL, Singh J, Leigh J, Jonas JB, Jonas J, Sanabria J, Beardsley J, Jacobsen KH, Takahashi K, Franklin RC, Ronfani L, Montico M, Naldi L, Tonelli M, Geleijnse J, Petzold M, Shrime MG, Younis M, Yonemoto N, Breitborde N, Yip P, Pourmalek F, Lotufo PA, Esteghamati A, Hankey GJ, Ali R, Lunevicius R, Malekzadeh R, Dellavalle R, Weintraub R, Lucas R, Hay R, Rojas-Rueda D, Westerman R, Sepanlou SG, Nolte S, Patten S, Weichenthal S, Abera SF, Fereshtehnejad SM, Shiue I, Driscoll T, Vasankari T, Alsharif U, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Vlassov VV, Marcenes WS, Mekonnen W, Melaku YA, Yano Y, Artaman A, Campos I, MacLachlan J, Mueller U, Kim D, Trillini M, Eshrati B, Williams HC, Shibuya K, Dandona R, Murthy K, Cowie B, Amare AT, Antonio CA, Castañeda-Orjuela C, van Gool CH, Violante F, Oh IH, Deribe K, Soreide K, Knibbs L, Kereselidze M, Green M, Cardenas R, Roy N, Tillmann T, Tillman T, Li Y, Krueger H, Monasta L, Dey S, Sheikhbahaei S, Hafezi-Nejad N, Kumar GA, Sreeramareddy CT, Dandona L, Wang H, Vollset SE, Mokdad A, Salomon JA, Lozano R, Vos T, Forouzanfar M, Lopez A, Murray C, Naghavi M. The Global Burden of Cancer 2013. JAMA Oncol 2016; 1:505-27. [PMID: 26181261 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.0735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1962] [Impact Index Per Article: 245.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide. Current estimates of cancer burden in individual countries and regions are necessary to inform local cancer control strategies. OBJECTIVE To estimate mortality, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 28 cancers in 188 countries by sex from 1990 to 2013. EVIDENCE REVIEW The general methodology of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2013 study was used. Cancer registries were the source for cancer incidence data as well as mortality incidence (MI) ratios. Sources for cause of death data include vital registration system data, verbal autopsy studies, and other sources. The MI ratios were used to transform incidence data to mortality estimates and cause of death estimates to incidence estimates. Cancer prevalence was estimated using MI ratios as surrogates for survival data; YLDs were calculated by multiplying prevalence estimates with disability weights, which were derived from population-based surveys; YLLs were computed by multiplying the number of estimated cancer deaths at each age with a reference life expectancy; and DALYs were calculated as the sum of YLDs and YLLs. FINDINGS In 2013 there were 14.9 million incident cancer cases, 8.2 million deaths, and 196.3 million DALYs. Prostate cancer was the leading cause for cancer incidence (1.4 million) for men and breast cancer for women (1.8 million). Tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer was the leading cause for cancer death in men and women, with 1.6 million deaths. For men, TBL cancer was the leading cause of DALYs (24.9 million). For women, breast cancer was the leading cause of DALYs (13.1 million). Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) per 100 000 and age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) per 100 000 for both sexes in 2013 were higher in developing vs developed countries for stomach cancer (ASIR, 17 vs 14; ASDR, 15 vs 11), liver cancer (ASIR, 15 vs 7; ASDR, 16 vs 7), esophageal cancer (ASIR, 9 vs 4; ASDR, 9 vs 4), cervical cancer (ASIR, 8 vs 5; ASDR, 4 vs 2), lip and oral cavity cancer (ASIR, 7 vs 6; ASDR, 2 vs 2), and nasopharyngeal cancer (ASIR, 1.5 vs 0.4; ASDR, 1.2 vs 0.3). Between 1990 and 2013, ASIRs for all cancers combined (except nonmelanoma skin cancer and Kaposi sarcoma) increased by more than 10% in 113 countries and decreased by more than 10% in 12 of 188 countries. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Cancer poses a major threat to public health worldwide, and incidence rates have increased in most countries since 1990. The trend is a particular threat to developing nations with health systems that are ill-equipped to deal with complex and expensive cancer treatments. The annual update on the Global Burden of Cancer will provide all stakeholders with timely estimates to guide policy efforts in cancer prevention, screening, treatment, and palliation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Fitzmaurice
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle2Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Daniel Dicker
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Amanda Pain
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Hannah Hamavid
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Maziar Moradi-Lakeh
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle3Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael F MacIntyre
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Christine Allen
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Gillian Hansen
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Rachel Woodbrook
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Werdecker
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Social Medicine, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Braden Te Ao
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brian McMahon
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Chante Karimkhani
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - David C Schwebel
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David O Carpenter
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York
| | - David M Pereira
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, University do Porto, REQUIMTE/LAQV, Porto, Portugal
| | - Denis Nash
- School of Public Health, Hunter College Campus, City University of New York, New York
| | | | | | - Dietrich Plass
- Federal Environment Agency Section on Exposure Assessment and Environmental Health Indicators, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kingsley N Ukwaja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - George D Thurston
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Kim Yun Jin
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Southern University College, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Edgar P Simard
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Eun-Kee Park
- Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ferrán Catalá-López
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance, Spanish Medicines and Healthcare Products Agency (AEMPS), Ministry of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carolyn Gotay
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gulfaraz Khan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Itamar S Santos
- Centre for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jasvinder Singh
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Juan Sanabria
- Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio38Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Chicago Medical School at Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Rosalind Franklin University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Justin Beardsley
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Kathryn H Jacobsen
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Richard C Franklin
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Luca Ronfani
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marcella Montico
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luigi Naldi
- Azienda Ospedaliera papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Johanna Geleijnse
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Max Petzold
- Centre for Applied Biostatistics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden48School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul Yip
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Farshad Pourmalek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Centre for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alireza Esteghamati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Graeme J Hankey
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Perth, Australia
| | - Raghib Ali
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Raimundas Lunevicius
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, England
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Robert Dellavalle
- Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver61Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver
| | - Robert Weintraub
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia63Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robyn Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Roderick Hay
- International Foundation for Dermatology, London, England
| | - David Rojas-Rueda
- Centre of Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sadaf G Sepanlou
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sandra Nolte
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Scott Patten
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Ivy Shiue
- Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England75University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Tim Driscoll
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vasiliy V Vlassov
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - W S Marcenes
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, London, England
| | | | - Yohannes Adama Melaku
- College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Yuichiro Yano
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Jennifer MacLachlan
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, WHO Collaborating Centre for Viral Hepatitis, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Daniel Kim
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matias Trillini
- Mario Negri Institute for pharmacological Research, Ranica, Italy
| | - Babak Eshrati
- Arak University of Medical Sciences and Health Affairs, Arak, Iran
| | | | | | - Rakhi Dandona
- Public Health Foundation of India, National Capital Region, India
| | - Kinnari Murthy
- Public Health Foundation of India, National Capital Region, India
| | - Benjamin Cowie
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, WHO Collaborating Centre for Viral Hepatitis, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Azmeraw T Amare
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Coen H van Gool
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Francesco Violante
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - In-Hwan Oh
- Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kedede Deribe
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia100Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, England
| | - Kjetil Soreide
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway102University of Bergen, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Luke Knibbs
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maia Kereselidze
- National Centre for Diseases Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Mark Green
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England
| | | | - Nobhojit Roy
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Yongmei Li
- Genentech Inc, San Francisco, California
| | - Hans Krueger
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lorenzo Monasta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Subhojit Dey
- Indian Institute of Public Health, National Capital Region, India
| | - Sara Sheikhbahaei
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Hafezi-Nejad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - G Anil Kumar
- Public Health Foundation of India, National Capital Region, India
| | | | - Lalit Dandona
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle93Public Health Foundation of India, National Capital Region, India
| | - Haidong Wang
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Stein Emil Vollset
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway113Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ali Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Rafael Lozano
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle115National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Theo Vos
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Alan Lopez
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher Murray
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Mohsen Naghavi
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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Murray CJL, Ortblad KF, Guinovart C, Lim SS, Wolock TM, Roberts DA, Dansereau EA, Graetz N, Barber RM, Brown JC, Wang H, Duber HC, Naghavi M, Dicker D, Dandona L, Salomon JA, Heuton KR, Foreman K, Phillips DE, Fleming TD, Flaxman AD, Phillips BK, Johnson EK, Coggeshall MS, Abd-Allah F, Abera SF, Abraham JP, Abubakar I, Abu-Raddad LJ, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Achoki T, Adeyemo AO, Adou AK, Adsuar JC, Agardh EE, Akena D, Al Kahbouri MJ, Alasfoor D, Albittar MI, Alcalá-Cerra G, Alegretti MA, Alemu ZA, Alfonso-Cristancho R, Alhabib S, Ali R, Alla F, Allen PJ, Alsharif U, Alvarez E, Alvis-Guzman N, Amankwaa AA, Amare AT, Amini H, Ammar W, Anderson BO, Antonio CAT, Anwari P, Arnlöv J, Arsenijevic VSA, Artaman A, Asghar RJ, Assadi R, Atkins LS, Badawi A, Balakrishnan K, Banerjee A, Basu S, Beardsley J, Bekele T, Bell ML, Bernabe E, Beyene TJ, Bhala N, Bhalla A, Bhutta ZA, Abdulhak AB, Binagwaho A, Blore JD, Basara BB, Bose D, Brainin M, Breitborde N, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Catalá-López F, Chadha VK, Chang JC, Chiang PPC, Chuang TW, Colomar M, Cooper LT, Cooper C, Courville KJ, Cowie BC, Criqui MH, Dandona R, Dayama A, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Del Pozo-Cruz B, Deribe K, Des Jarlais DC, Dessalegn M, Dharmaratne SD, Dilmen U, Ding EL, Driscoll TR, Durrani AM, Ellenbogen RG, Ermakov SP, Esteghamati A, Faraon EJA, Farzadfar F, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fijabi DO, Forouzanfar MH, Fra Paleo U, Gaffikin L, Gamkrelidze A, Gankpé FG, Geleijnse JM, Gessner BD, Gibney KB, Ginawi IAM, Glaser EL, Gona P, Goto A, Gouda HN, Gugnani HC, Gupta R, Gupta R, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hamadeh RR, Hammami M, Hankey GJ, Harb HL, Haro JM, Havmoeller R, Hay SI, Hedayati MT, Pi IBH, Hoek HW, Hornberger JC, Hosgood HD, Hotez PJ, Hoy DG, Huang JJ, Iburg KM, Idrisov BT, Innos K, Jacobsen KH, Jeemon P, Jensen PN, Jha V, Jiang G, Jonas JB, Juel K, Kan H, Kankindi I, Karam NE, Karch A, Karema CK, Kaul A, Kawakami N, Kazi DS, Kemp AH, Kengne AP, Keren A, Kereselidze M, Khader YS, Khalifa SEAH, Khan EA, Khang YH, Khonelidze I, Kinfu Y, Kinge JM, Knibbs L, Kokubo Y, Kosen S, Defo BK, Kulkarni VS, Kulkarni C, Kumar K, Kumar RB, Kumar GA, Kwan GF, Lai T, Balaji AL, Lam H, Lan Q, Lansingh VC, Larson HJ, Larsson A, Lee JT, Leigh J, Leinsalu M, Leung R, Li Y, Li Y, De Lima GMF, Lin HH, Lipshultz SE, Liu S, Liu Y, Lloyd BK, Lotufo PA, Machado VMP, Maclachlan JH, Magis-Rodriguez C, Majdan M, Mapoma CC, Marcenes W, Marzan MB, Masci JR, Mashal MT, Mason-Jones AJ, Mayosi BM, Mazorodze TT, Mckay AC, Meaney PA, Mehndiratta MM, Mejia-Rodriguez F, Melaku YA, Memish ZA, Mendoza W, Miller TR, Mills EJ, Mohammad KA, Mokdad AH, Mola GL, Monasta L, Montico M, Moore AR, Mori R, Moturi WN, Mukaigawara M, Murthy KS, Naheed A, Naidoo KS, Naldi L, Nangia V, Narayan KMV, Nash D, Nejjari C, Nelson RG, Neupane SP, Newton CR, Ng M, Nisar MI, Nolte S, Norheim OF, Nowaseb V, Nyakarahuka L, Oh IH, Ohkubo T, Olusanya BO, Omer SB, Opio JN, Orisakwe OE, Pandian JD, Papachristou C, Caicedo AJP, Patten SB, Paul VK, Pavlin BI, Pearce N, Pereira DM, Pervaiz A, Pesudovs K, Petzold M, Pourmalek F, Qato D, Quezada AD, Quistberg DA, Rafay A, Rahimi K, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Ur Rahman S, Raju M, Rana SM, Razavi H, Reilly RQ, Remuzzi G, Richardus JH, Ronfani L, Roy N, Sabin N, Saeedi MY, Sahraian MA, Samonte GMJ, Sawhney M, Schneider IJC, Schwebel DC, Seedat S, Sepanlou SG, Servan-Mori EE, Sheikhbahaei S, Shibuya K, Shin HH, Shiue I, Shivakoti R, Sigfusdottir ID, Silberberg DH, Silva AP, Simard EP, Singh JA, Skirbekk V, Sliwa K, Soneji S, Soshnikov SS, Sreeramareddy CT, Stathopoulou VK, Stroumpoulis K, Swaminathan S, Sykes BL, Tabb KM, Talongwa RT, Tenkorang EY, Terkawi AS, Thomson AJ, Thorne-Lyman AL, Towbin JA, Traebert J, Tran BX, Dimbuene ZT, Tsilimbaris M, Uchendu US, Ukwaja KN, Uzun SB, Vallely AJ, Vasankari TJ, Venketasubramanian N, Violante FS, Vlassov VV, Vollset SE, Waller S, Wallin MT, Wang L, Wang X, Wang Y, Weichenthal S, Weiderpass E, Weintraub RG, Westerman R, White RA, Wilkinson JD, Williams TN, Woldeyohannes SM, Wong JQ, Xu G, Yang YC, Yano Y, Yentur GK, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon SJ, Younis M, Yu C, Jin KY, El Sayed Zaki M, Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Zhou M, Zhu J, Zou XN, Lopez AD, Vos T. Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2014; 384:1005-70. [PMID: 25059949 PMCID: PMC4202387 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60844-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 662] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Millennium Declaration in 2000 brought special global attention to HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria through the formulation of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 6. The Global Burden of Disease 2013 study provides a consistent and comprehensive approach to disease estimation for between 1990 and 2013, and an opportunity to assess whether accelerated progress has occured since the Millennium Declaration. METHODS To estimate incidence and mortality for HIV, we used the UNAIDS Spectrum model appropriately modified based on a systematic review of available studies of mortality with and without antiretroviral therapy (ART). For concentrated epidemics, we calibrated Spectrum models to fit vital registration data corrected for misclassification of HIV deaths. In generalised epidemics, we minimised a loss function to select epidemic curves most consistent with prevalence data and demographic data for all-cause mortality. We analysed counterfactual scenarios for HIV to assess years of life saved through prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and ART. For tuberculosis, we analysed vital registration and verbal autopsy data to estimate mortality using cause of death ensemble modelling. We analysed data for corrected case-notifications, expert opinions on the case-detection rate, prevalence surveys, and estimated cause-specific mortality using Bayesian meta-regression to generate consistent trends in all parameters. We analysed malaria mortality and incidence using an updated cause of death database, a systematic analysis of verbal autopsy validation studies for malaria, and recent studies (2010-13) of incidence, drug resistance, and coverage of insecticide-treated bednets. FINDINGS Globally in 2013, there were 1·8 million new HIV infections (95% uncertainty interval 1·7 million to 2·1 million), 29·2 million prevalent HIV cases (28·1 to 31·7), and 1·3 million HIV deaths (1·3 to 1·5). At the peak of the epidemic in 2005, HIV caused 1·7 million deaths (1·6 million to 1·9 million). Concentrated epidemics in Latin America and eastern Europe are substantially smaller than previously estimated. Through interventions including PMTCT and ART, 19·1 million life-years (16·6 million to 21·5 million) have been saved, 70·3% (65·4 to 76·1) in developing countries. From 2000 to 2011, the ratio of development assistance for health for HIV to years of life saved through intervention was US$4498 in developing countries. Including in HIV-positive individuals, all-form tuberculosis incidence was 7·5 million (7·4 million to 7·7 million), prevalence was 11·9 million (11·6 million to 12·2 million), and number of deaths was 1·4 million (1·3 million to 1·5 million) in 2013. In the same year and in only individuals who were HIV-negative, all-form tuberculosis incidence was 7·1 million (6·9 million to 7·3 million), prevalence was 11·2 million (10·8 million to 11·6 million), and number of deaths was 1·3 million (1·2 million to 1·4 million). Annualised rates of change (ARC) for incidence, prevalence, and death became negative after 2000. Tuberculosis in HIV-negative individuals disproportionately occurs in men and boys (versus women and girls); 64·0% of cases (63·6 to 64·3) and 64·7% of deaths (60·8 to 70·3). Globally, malaria cases and deaths grew rapidly from 1990 reaching a peak of 232 million cases (143 million to 387 million) in 2003 and 1·2 million deaths (1·1 million to 1·4 million) in 2004. Since 2004, child deaths from malaria in sub-Saharan Africa have decreased by 31·5% (15·7 to 44·1). Outside of Africa, malaria mortality has been steadily decreasing since 1990. INTERPRETATION Our estimates of the number of people living with HIV are 18·7% smaller than UNAIDS's estimates in 2012. The number of people living with malaria is larger than estimated by WHO. The number of people living with HIV, tuberculosis, or malaria have all decreased since 2000. At the global level, upward trends for malaria and HIV deaths have been reversed and declines in tuberculosis deaths have accelerated. 101 countries (74 of which are developing) still have increasing HIV incidence. Substantial progress since the Millennium Declaration is an encouraging sign of the effect of global action. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stephen S Lim
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - D Allen Roberts
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Graetz
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ryan M Barber
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Haidong Wang
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Herbert C Duber
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mohsen Naghavi
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel Dicker
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lalit Dandona
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA; Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Kyle R Heuton
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jerry P Abraham
- University of Texas School of Medicine San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Niveen Me Abu-Rmeileh
- Institute of Community and Public Health-Birzeti University, Ramallah, West Bank, Occupied Palestinian Territory
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gabriel Alcalá-Cerra
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Neurociencias (CISNEURO), Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | - Miguel Angel Alegretti
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Social, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | | | - Francois Alla
- School of Public Health, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Azmeraw T Amare
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Hassan Amini
- Kurdistan Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rana J Asghar
- South Asian Public Health Forum, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Reza Assadi
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lydia S Atkins
- Ministry of Health, Wellness, Human Services and Gender Relations, Castries, St. Lucia
| | - Alaa Badawi
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ashish Bhalla
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | | - Jed D Blore
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ferrán Catalá-López
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance, Spanish Medicines and Healthcare Products Agency (AEMPS), Ministry of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ting-Wu Chuang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for International Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Benjamin C Cowie
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Anand Dayama
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Muluken Dessalegn
- Africa Medical and Research Foundation in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Eric L Ding
- Harvard School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sergey Petrovich Ermakov
- The Institute of Social and Economic Studies of Population at the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alireza Esteghamati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | - Lynne Gaffikin
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Philimon Gona
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Department of Diabetes Research, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hebe N Gouda
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - Rahul Gupta
- Kanawha Charleston Health Department, Charleston, WV, USA
| | - Nima Hafezi-Nejad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mouhanad Hammami
- Wayne County Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Graeme J Hankey
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Josep Maria Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, University of Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Hans W Hoek
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Damian G Hoy
- School of Population Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Public Health Division, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | | | | | | | - Kaire Innos
- National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | | | | | - Vivekanand Jha
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Guohong Jiang
- Tianjin Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Knud Juel
- The National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - André Karch
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig site, Germany
| | | | - Anil Kaul
- Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | | | - Dhruv S Kazi
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Andre Pascal Kengne
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Andre Keren
- Cardiology, Hadassah Ein Kerem University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maia Kereselidze
- National Centre for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | | | | | - Young-Ho Khang
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Irma Khonelidze
- National Centre for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | | | - Luke Knibbs
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yoshihiro Kokubo
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiologic Informatics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Kosen
- Center for Community Empowerment, Health Policy & Humanities, NIHRD, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Chanda Kulkarni
- Rajrajeshwari Medical College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kaushalendra Kumar
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ravi B Kumar
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - G Anil Kumar
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Taavi Lai
- Fourth View Consulting, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Hilton Lam
- Institute of Health Policy and Development Studies, National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Qing Lan
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Heidi J Larson
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Bloomsbury, UK
| | | | | | - James Leigh
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mall Leinsalu
- National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ricky Leung
- University at Albany, The State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Yichong Li
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yongmei Li
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Hsien-Ho Lin
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Shiwei Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Belinda K Lloyd
- Eastern Health Clinical School, VIC, Australia; Turning Point, Eastern Health, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Marek Majdan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
| | | | | | | | - Joseph R Masci
- Elmhurst Hospital Center, Mount Sinai Services, Elmhurst, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ted R Miller
- Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Calverton MD, USA; Centre for Population Health Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | | | - Ali H Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Lorenzo Monasta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo," Trieste, Italy
| | - Marcella Montico
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo," Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Rintaro Mori
- National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Aliya Naheed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kovin S Naidoo
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Luigi Naldi
- Azienda Ospedaliera papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | | | - Denis Nash
- School of Public Health, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Robert G Nelson
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sudan Prasad Neupane
- Norwegian Center for Addiction Research (SERAF), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charles R Newton
- Kenya Medical Research Institute Wellcome Trust Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Marie Ng
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Sandra Nolte
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Nelson Opio
- Lira District Local Government, Lira Municipal Council, Northern Uganda, Uganda
| | - Orish Ebere Orisakwe
- Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Neil Pearce
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Bloomsbury, UK
| | - David M Pereira
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine and ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Aslam Pervaiz
- Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Max Petzold
- Centre for Applied Biostatistics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Dima Qato
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amado D Quezada
- National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Saleem M Rana
- Department of Public Health, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Homie Razavi
- Center for Disease Analysis, Louisville, CO, USA
| | | | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- IRCCS Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Luca Ronfani
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo," Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Genesis May J Samonte
- National HIV/AIDS & STI Surveillance and Strategic Information Unit, National Epidemiology Center, Department of Health, Manila, National Capital Region, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Soraya Seedat
- Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Sadaf G Sepanlou
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sara Sheikhbahaei
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Ivy Shiue
- Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rupak Shivakoti
- Center for Clinical Global Health Education, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Andrea P Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología Dr Juan H Jara, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edgar P Simard
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Karen Sliwa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | | | - Sergey S Soshnikov
- Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Konstantinos Stroumpoulis
- KEELPNO (Centre for Disease Control, Greece, dispatched to "Alexandra" General Hospital of Athens), Athens, Greece
| | - Soumya Swaminathan
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bryan L Sykes
- Department of Criminology, Law and Society (and Sociology), University of California-Irvine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Jeffrey A Towbin
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Bach X Tran
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zacharie Tsala Dimbuene
- Department of Population Sciences and Development, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | | | - Kingsley N Ukwaja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakailiki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stein Emil Vollset
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stephen Waller
- Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mitchell T Wallin
- VA Medical Center and Georgetown University Neurology Department, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Linhong Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoRong Wang
- Shandong University Affiliated Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | - Robert G Weintraub
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Richard A White
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Division of Infectious Disease Control and Department of Health Statistics, Division of Epidemiology, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - John Q Wong
- Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health, Pasig City, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Gelin Xu
- Nanjing University School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang C Yang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yuichiro Yano
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Paul Yip
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Naohiro Yonemoto
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodira, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kim Yun Jin
- TCM MEDICAL TK SDN BHD, Nusajaya, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | | | - Yong Zhao
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingfeng Zheng
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Nong Zou
- Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Alan D Lopez
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Theo Vos
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
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Wang H, Liddell CA, Coates MM, Mooney MD, Levitz CE, Schumacher AE, Apfel H, Iannarone M, Phillips B, Lofgren KT, Sandar L, Dorrington RE, Rakovac I, Jacobs TA, Liang X, Zhou M, Zhu J, Yang G, Wang Y, Liu S, Li Y, Ozgoren AA, Abera SF, Abubakar I, Achoki T, Adelekan A, Ademi Z, Alemu ZA, Allen PJ, AlMazroa MA, Alvarez E, Amankwaa AA, Amare AT, Ammar W, Anwari P, Cunningham SA, Asad MM, Assadi R, Banerjee A, Basu S, Bedi N, Bekele T, Bell ML, Bhutta Z, Blore JD, Basara BB, Boufous S, Breitborde N, Bruce NG, Bui LN, Carapetis JR, Cárdenas R, Carpenter DO, Caso V, Castro RE, Catalá-Lopéz F, Cavlin A, Che X, Chiang PPC, Chowdhury R, Christophi CA, Chuang TW, Cirillo M, da Costa Leite I, Courville KJ, Dandona L, Dandona R, Davis A, Dayama A, Deribe K, Dharmaratne SD, Dherani MK, Dilmen U, Ding EL, Edmond KM, Ermakov SP, Farzadfar F, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fijabi DO, Foigt N, Forouzanfar MH, Garcia AC, Geleijnse JM, Gessner BD, Goginashvili K, Gona P, Goto A, Gouda HN, Green MA, Greenwell KF, Gugnani HC, Gupta R, Hamadeh RR, Hammami M, Harb HL, Hay S, Hedayati MT, Hosgood HD, Hoy DG, Idrisov BT, Islami F, Ismayilova S, Jha V, Jiang G, Jonas JB, Juel K, Kabagambe EK, Kazi DS, Kengne AP, Kereselidze M, Khader YS, Khalifa SEAH, Khang YH, Kim D, Kinfu Y, Kinge JM, Kokubo Y, Kosen S, Defo BK, Kumar GA, Kumar K, Kumar RB, Lai T, Lan Q, Larsson A, Lee JT, Leinsalu M, Lim SS, Lipshultz SE, Logroscino G, Lotufo PA, Lunevicius R, Lyons RA, Ma S, Mahdi AA, Marzan MB, Mashal MT, Mazorodze TT, McGrath JJ, Memish ZA, Mendoza W, Mensah GA, Meretoja A, Miller TR, Mills EJ, Mohammad KA, Mokdad AH, Monasta L, Montico M, Moore AR, Moschandreas J, Msemburi WT, Mueller UO, Muszynska MM, Naghavi M, Naidoo KS, Narayan KMV, Nejjari C, Ng M, de Dieu Ngirabega J, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Nyakarahuka L, Ohkubo T, Omer SB, Caicedo AJP, Pillay-van Wyk V, Pope D, Pourmalek F, Prabhakaran D, Rahman SUR, Rana SM, Reilly RQ, Rojas-Rueda D, Ronfani L, Rushton L, Saeedi MY, Salomon JA, Sampson U, Santos IS, Sawhney M, Schmidt JC, Shakh-Nazarova M, She J, Sheikhbahaei S, Shibuya K, Shin HH, Shishani K, Shiue I, Sigfusdottir ID, Singh JA, Skirbekk V, Sliwa K, Soshnikov SS, Sposato LA, Stathopoulou VK, Stroumpoulis K, Tabb KM, Talongwa RT, Teixeira CM, Terkawi AS, Thomson AJ, Thorne-Lyman AL, Toyoshima H, Dimbuene ZT, Uwaliraye P, Uzun SB, Vasankari TJ, Vasconcelos AMN, Vlassov VV, Vollset SE, Waller S, Wan X, Weichenthal S, Weiderpass E, Weintraub RG, Westerman R, Wilkinson JD, Williams HC, Yang YC, Yentur GK, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Younis M, Yu C, Jin KY, El Sayed Zaki M, Zhu S, Vos T, Lopez AD, Murray CJL. Global, regional, and national levels of neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2014; 384:957-79. [PMID: 24797572 PMCID: PMC4165626 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remarkable financial and political efforts have been focused on the reduction of child mortality during the past few decades. Timely measurements of levels and trends in under-5 mortality are important to assess progress towards the Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG 4) target of reduction of child mortality by two thirds from 1990 to 2015, and to identify models of success. METHODS We generated updated estimates of child mortality in early neonatal (age 0-6 days), late neonatal (7-28 days), postneonatal (29-364 days), childhood (1-4 years), and under-5 (0-4 years) age groups for 188 countries from 1970 to 2013, with more than 29,000 survey, census, vital registration, and sample registration datapoints. We used Gaussian process regression with adjustments for bias and non-sampling error to synthesise the data for under-5 mortality for each country, and a separate model to estimate mortality for more detailed age groups. We used explanatory mixed effects regression models to assess the association between under-5 mortality and income per person, maternal education, HIV child death rates, secular shifts, and other factors. To quantify the contribution of these different factors and birth numbers to the change in numbers of deaths in under-5 age groups from 1990 to 2013, we used Shapley decomposition. We used estimated rates of change between 2000 and 2013 to construct under-5 mortality rate scenarios out to 2030. FINDINGS We estimated that 6·3 million (95% UI 6·0-6·6) children under-5 died in 2013, a 64% reduction from 17·6 million (17·1-18·1) in 1970. In 2013, child mortality rates ranged from 152·5 per 1000 livebirths (130·6-177·4) in Guinea-Bissau to 2·3 (1·8-2·9) per 1000 in Singapore. The annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2013 ranged from -6·8% to 0·1%. 99 of 188 countries, including 43 of 48 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, had faster decreases in child mortality during 2000-13 than during 1990-2000. In 2013, neonatal deaths accounted for 41·6% of under-5 deaths compared with 37·4% in 1990. Compared with 1990, in 2013, rising numbers of births, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, led to 1·4 million more child deaths, and rising income per person and maternal education led to 0·9 million and 2·2 million fewer deaths, respectively. Changes in secular trends led to 4·2 million fewer deaths. Unexplained factors accounted for only -1% of the change in child deaths. In 30 developing countries, decreases since 2000 have been faster than predicted attributable to income, education, and secular shift alone. INTERPRETATION Only 27 developing countries are expected to achieve MDG 4. Decreases since 2000 in under-5 mortality rates are accelerating in many developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The Millennium Declaration and increased development assistance for health might have been a factor in faster decreases in some developing countries. Without further accelerated progress, many countries in west and central Africa will still have high levels of under-5 mortality in 2030. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, US Agency for International Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Wang
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Chelsea A Liddell
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew M Coates
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Meghan D Mooney
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carly E Levitz
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Austin E Schumacher
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Henry Apfel
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marissa Iannarone
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bryan Phillips
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katherine T Lofgren
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Logan Sandar
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ivo Rakovac
- WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Troy A Jacobs
- MCH Division, USAID - Global Health Bureau, HIDN, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Liang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- National Office for Maternal and Child's Health Surveillance, Chengdu, China
| | - Gonghuan Yang
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- National Office for Maternal and Child's Health Surveillance, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yichong Li
- National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Tom Achoki
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Azmeraw T Amare
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Reza Assadi
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Khorasan, Iran
| | - Amitava Banerjee
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | | | - Neeraj Bedi
- College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Jed D Blore
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Berrak Bora Basara
- Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Health Research, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Soufiane Boufous
- Transport and Road Safety (TARS) Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Ferrán Catalá-Lopéz
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Spanish Medicines and Healthcare Products Agency (AEMPS), Ministry of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alanur Cavlin
- Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Xuan Che
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lalit Dandona
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Uğur Dilmen
- Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Health Research, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eric L Ding
- Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sergei Petrovich Ermakov
- The Institute of Social and Economic Studies of Population at the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrine and Metabolic Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Nataliya Foigt
- Institute of Gerontology, Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Ana C Garcia
- Public Health Unit of Primary Health Care Group of Almada-Seixal (region of Lisbon), Almada, Portugal
| | - Johanna M Geleijnse
- Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Philimon Gona
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Department of Diabetes Research, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hebe N Gouda
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark A Green
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South York, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Rahul Gupta
- Kanawha Charleston Health Department, Charleston, WV, USA
| | | | - Mouhanad Hammami
- Wayne County Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Simon Hay
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Damian G Hoy
- School of Population Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Public Health Division, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | | | | | | | - Vivekanand Jha
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Guohong Jiang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Knud Juel
- The National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Dhruv S Kazi
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andre Pascal Kengne
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Maia Kereselidze
- National Centre for Diseases Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | | | - Young-Ho Khang
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daniel Kim
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jonas M Kinge
- The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yoshihiro Kokubo
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiologic Informatics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soewarta Kosen
- Center for Community Empowerment, Health Policy & Humanities, NIHRD, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - G Anil Kumar
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ravi B Kumar
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Taavi Lai
- Fourth View Consulting, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Qing Lan
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Mall Leinsalu
- The National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Stephen S Lim
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Ma
- Ministry of Health Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Ziad A Memish
- Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - George A Mensah
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science (CTRIS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Ted R Miller
- Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Calverton, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Ali H Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Monasta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo," Trieste, Italy
| | - Marcella Montico
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo," Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - William T Msemburi
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | | | | | - Mohsen Naghavi
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kovin S Naidoo
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | | | - Chakib Nejjari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Marie Ng
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan Pope
- University of Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Saleem M Rana
- Department of Public Health, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - David Rojas-Rueda
- Centre of Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luca Ronfani
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo," Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Joshua A Salomon
- Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun She
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan, University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sara Sheikhbahaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrine and Metabolic Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Ivy Shiue
- Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Karen Sliwa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sergey S Soshnikov
- Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Luciano A Sposato
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Konstantinos Stroumpoulis
- KEELPNO (Center for Disease Control, Greece, dispatched to "Alexandra" General Hospital of Athens), Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Hideaki Toyoshima
- Health Care Center of Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Zacharie Tsala Dimbuene
- Department of Population Sciences and Development, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Kigali City, Rwanda
| | | | - Selen Begüm Uzun
- Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Health Research, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephen Waller
- Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xia Wan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Robert G Weintraub
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Yang C Yang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC. USA
| | | | - Paul Yip
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Naohiro Yonemoto
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodira, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, and Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kim Yun Jin
- TCM MEDICAL TK SDN BHD, Nusajaya, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | | | - Shankuan Zhu
- Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Theo Vos
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alan D Lopez
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Kassebaum NJ, Bertozzi-Villa A, Coggeshall MS, Shackelford KA, Steiner C, Heuton KR, Gonzalez-Medina D, Barber R, Huynh C, Dicker D, Templin T, Wolock TM, Ozgoren AA, Abd-Allah F, Abera SF, Abubakar I, Achoki T, Adelekan A, Ademi Z, Adou AK, Adsuar JC, Agardh EE, Akena D, Alasfoor D, Alemu ZA, Alfonso-Cristancho R, Alhabib S, Ali R, Al Kahbouri MJ, Alla F, Allen PJ, AlMazroa MA, Alsharif U, Alvarez E, Alvis-Guzmán N, Amankwaa AA, Amare AT, Amini H, Ammar W, Antonio CAT, Anwari P, Arnlöv J, Arsenijevic VSA, Artaman A, Asad MM, Asghar RJ, Assadi R, Atkins LS, Badawi A, Balakrishnan K, Basu A, Basu S, Beardsley J, Bedi N, Bekele T, Bell ML, Bernabe E, Beyene TJ, Bhutta Z, Bin Abdulhak A, Blore JD, Basara BB, Bose D, Breitborde N, Cárdenas R, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castro RE, Catalá-López F, Cavlin A, Chang JC, Che X, Christophi CA, Chugh SS, Cirillo M, Colquhoun SM, Cooper LT, Cooper C, da Costa Leite I, Dandona L, Dandona R, Davis A, Dayama A, Degenhardt L, De Leo D, del Pozo-Cruz B, Deribe K, Dessalegn M, deVeber GA, Dharmaratne SD, Dilmen U, Ding EL, Dorrington RE, Driscoll TR, Ermakov SP, Esteghamati A, Faraon EJA, Farzadfar F, Felicio MM, Fereshtehnejad SM, de Lima GMF, Forouzanfar MH, França EB, Gaffikin L, Gambashidze K, Gankpé FG, Garcia AC, Geleijnse JM, Gibney KB, Giroud M, Glaser EL, Goginashvili K, Gona P, González-Castell D, Goto A, Gouda HN, Gugnani HC, Gupta R, Gupta R, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hamadeh RR, Hammami M, Hankey GJ, Harb HL, Havmoeller R, Hay SI, Pi IBH, Hoek HW, Hosgood HD, Hoy DG, Husseini A, Idrisov BT, Innos K, Inoue M, Jacobsen KH, Jahangir E, Jee SH, Jensen PN, Jha V, Jiang G, Jonas JB, Juel K, Kabagambe EK, Kan H, Karam NE, Karch A, Karema CK, Kaul A, Kawakami N, Kazanjan K, Kazi DS, Kemp AH, Kengne AP, Kereselidze M, Khader YS, Khalifa SEAH, Khan EA, Khang YH, Knibbs L, Kokubo Y, Kosen S, Defo BK, Kulkarni C, Kulkarni VS, Kumar GA, Kumar K, Kumar RB, Kwan G, Lai T, Lalloo R, Lam H, Lansingh VC, Larsson A, Lee JT, Leigh J, Leinsalu M, Leung R, Li X, Li Y, Li Y, Liang J, Liang X, Lim SS, Lin HH, Lipshultz SE, Liu S, Liu Y, Lloyd BK, London SJ, Lotufo PA, Ma J, Ma S, Machado VMP, Mainoo NK, Majdan M, Mapoma CC, Marcenes W, Marzan MB, Mason-Jones AJ, Mehndiratta MM, Mejia-Rodriguez F, Memish ZA, Mendoza W, Miller TR, Mills EJ, Mokdad AH, Mola GL, Monasta L, de la Cruz Monis J, Hernandez JCM, Moore AR, Moradi-Lakeh M, Mori R, Mueller UO, Mukaigawara M, Naheed A, Naidoo KS, Nand D, Nangia V, Nash D, Nejjari C, Nelson RG, Neupane SP, Newton CR, Ng M, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Nisar MI, Nolte S, Norheim OF, Nyakarahuka L, Oh IH, Ohkubo T, Olusanya BO, Omer SB, Opio JN, Orisakwe OE, Pandian JD, Papachristou C, Park JH, Caicedo AJP, Patten SB, Paul VK, Pavlin BI, Pearce N, Pereira DM, Pesudovs K, Petzold M, Poenaru D, Polanczyk GV, Polinder S, Pope D, Pourmalek F, Qato D, Quistberg DA, Rafay A, Rahimi K, Rahimi-Movaghar V, ur Rahman S, Raju M, Rana SM, Refaat A, Ronfani L, Roy N, Pimienta TGS, Sahraian MA, Salomon JA, Sampson U, Santos IS, Sawhney M, Sayinzoga F, Schneider IJC, Schumacher A, Schwebel DC, Seedat S, Sepanlou SG, Servan-Mori EE, Shakh-Nazarova M, Sheikhbahaei S, Shibuya K, Shin HH, Shiue I, Sigfusdottir ID, Silberberg DH, Silva AP, Singh JA, Skirbekk V, Sliwa K, Soshnikov SS, Sposato LA, Sreeramareddy CT, Stroumpoulis K, Sturua L, Sykes BL, Tabb KM, Talongwa RT, Tan F, Teixeira CM, Tenkorang EY, Terkawi AS, Thorne-Lyman AL, Tirschwell DL, Towbin JA, Tran BX, Tsilimbaris M, Uchendu US, Ukwaja KN, Undurraga EA, Uzun SB, Vallely AJ, van Gool CH, Vasankari TJ, Vavilala MS, Venketasubramanian N, Villalpando S, Violante FS, Vlassov VV, Vos T, Waller S, Wang H, Wang L, Wang X, Wang Y, Weichenthal S, Weiderpass E, Weintraub RG, Westerman R, Wilkinson JD, Woldeyohannes SM, Wong JQ, Wordofa MA, Xu G, Yang YC, Yano Y, Yentur GK, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon SJ, Younis MZ, Yu C, Jin KY, El Sayed Zaki M, Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Zhou M, Zhu J, Zou XN, Lopez AD, Naghavi M, Murray CJL, Lozano R. Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2014; 384:980-1004. [PMID: 24797575 PMCID: PMC4255481 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1004] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG 5) established the goal of a 75% reduction in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR; number of maternal deaths per 100,000 livebirths) between 1990 and 2015. We aimed to measure levels and track trends in maternal mortality, the key causes contributing to maternal death, and timing of maternal death with respect to delivery. METHODS We used robust statistical methods including the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) to analyse a database of data for 7065 site-years and estimate the number of maternal deaths from all causes in 188 countries between 1990 and 2013. We estimated the number of pregnancy-related deaths caused by HIV on the basis of a systematic review of the relative risk of dying during pregnancy for HIV-positive women compared with HIV-negative women. We also estimated the fraction of these deaths aggravated by pregnancy on the basis of a systematic review. To estimate the numbers of maternal deaths due to nine different causes, we identified 61 sources from a systematic review and 943 site-years of vital registration data. We also did a systematic review of reports about the timing of maternal death, identifying 142 sources to use in our analysis. We developed estimates for each country for 1990-2013 using Bayesian meta-regression. We estimated 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for all values. FINDINGS 292,982 (95% UI 261,017-327,792) maternal deaths occurred in 2013, compared with 376,034 (343,483-407,574) in 1990. The global annual rate of change in the MMR was -0·3% (-1·1 to 0·6) from 1990 to 2003, and -2·7% (-3·9 to -1·5) from 2003 to 2013, with evidence of continued acceleration. MMRs reduced consistently in south, east, and southeast Asia between 1990 and 2013, but maternal deaths increased in much of sub-Saharan Africa during the 1990s. 2070 (1290-2866) maternal deaths were related to HIV in 2013, 0·4% (0·2-0·6) of the global total. MMR was highest in the oldest age groups in both 1990 and 2013. In 2013, most deaths occurred intrapartum or postpartum. Causes varied by region and between 1990 and 2013. We recorded substantial variation in the MMR by country in 2013, from 956·8 (685·1-1262·8) in South Sudan to 2·4 (1·6-3·6) in Iceland. INTERPRETATION Global rates of change suggest that only 16 countries will achieve the MDG 5 target by 2015. Accelerated reductions since the Millennium Declaration in 2000 coincide with increased development assistance for maternal, newborn, and child health. Setting of targets and associated interventions for after 2015 will need careful consideration of regions that are making slow progress, such as west and central Africa. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Kassebaum
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA; Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Caitlyn Steiner
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kyle R Heuton
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ryan Barber
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chantal Huynh
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel Dicker
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tara Templin
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Semaw Ferede Abera
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - François Alla
- School of Public Health, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | | | | | | | - Elena Alvarez
- Spanish Observatory on Drugs, Government Delegation for the National Plan on Drugs, Madrid, Spain; Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Azmeraw T Amare
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Hassan Amini
- Kurdistan Environmental Health Research Centre, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | | | - Carl A T Antonio
- College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rana J Asghar
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Reza Assadi
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lydia S Atkins
- Ministry Of Health, Wellness, Human Services and Gender Relations, Sans Souci, Castries, Saint Lucia
| | - Alaa Badawi
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Arindam Basu
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Neeraj Bedi
- College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jed D Blore
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ferrán Catalá-López
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance, Spanish Medicines and Healthcare Products Agency, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alanur Cavlin
- Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Xuan Che
- National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cyrus Cooper
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Lalit Dandona
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA; Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Muluken Dessalegn
- Africa Medical and Research Foundation in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Uğur Dilmen
- General Directorate of Health Research, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eric L Ding
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Sergei Petrovich Ermakov
- The Institute of Social and Economic Studies of Population at the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alireza Esteghamati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ketevan Gambashidze
- National Centre for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Ana C Garcia
- Public Health Unit of Primary Health Care Group of Almada-Seixal, Almada, Setúbal, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Philimon Gona
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Atsushi Goto
- Department of Diabetes Research, National Centre for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hebe N Gouda
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Rahul Gupta
- Kanawha Charleston Health Department, Charleston, WV, USA
| | | | - Nima Hafezi-Nejad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mouhanad Hammami
- Wayne County Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Graeme J Hankey
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Hans W Hoek
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, Netherlands
| | | | - Damian G Hoy
- School of Population Health, QLD, Australia; Public Health Division, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | | | | | - Kaire Innos
- National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | | | | | - Sun Ha Jee
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Vivekanand Jha
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Guohong Jiang
- Tianjin Centres for Diseases Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Knud Juel
- National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - André Karch
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Anil Kaul
- Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | | | - Konstantin Kazanjan
- National Centre for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Dhruv S Kazi
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Maia Kereselidze
- National Centre for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | | | | | - Young-Ho Khang
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Luke Knibbs
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yoshihiro Kokubo
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiologic Informatics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Japan
| | - Soewarta Kosen
- Centre for Community Empowerment, Health Policy and Humanities, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Chanda Kulkarni
- Rajrajeshwari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | | | - G Anil Kumar
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ravi B Kumar
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India
| | - Gene Kwan
- Boston Medical Centre, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Taavi Lai
- Fourth View Consulting, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ratilal Lalloo
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health (ARCPOH), School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hilton Lam
- Institute of Health Policy and Development Studies, National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Van C Lansingh
- International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness and Vision 2020, Weston, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mall Leinsalu
- National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Xiaohong Li
- National Centre for Birth Defects Monitoring of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yichong Li
- National Centre for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | | | - Juan Liang
- National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liang
- Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Stephen S Lim
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Shiwei Liu
- National Centre for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Centre, Quezon City, Philippines
| | | | - Stephanie J London
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Jixiang Ma
- National Centre for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Stefan Ma
- Ministry of Health Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Marek Majdan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ted R Miller
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, MD, USA
| | | | - Ali H Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Lorenzo Monasta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Maziar Moradi-Lakeh
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA; Iran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rintaro Mori
- National Centre for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Aliya Naheed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Denis Nash
- School of Public Health, State University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Robert G Nelson
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sudan Prasad Neupane
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research (SERAF), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charles R Newton
- Kenya Medical Research Institute Wellcome Trust Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Marie Ng
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Sandra Nolte
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Nelson Opio
- Lira District Local Government, Lira Municipal Council, Lira, Uganda
| | - Orish Ebere Orisakwe
- Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Jae-Hyun Park
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | | | - Vinod K Paul
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Neil Pearce
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - David M Pereira
- 3B's Research Group in Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, and ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga Portugal
| | | | - Max Petzold
- Centre for Applied Biostatistics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Suzanne Polinder
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Public Health, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dan Pope
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Dima Qato
- College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Saleem M Rana
- Department of Public Health, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Luca Ronfani
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nobhojit Roy
- Bhaba Atomic Research Center Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sadaf G Sepanlou
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Sara Sheikhbahaei
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Ivy Shiue
- Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Andrea P Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología Dr Juan H Jara, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Karen Sliwa
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sergey S Soshnikov
- Federal Research Institute for Health Organisation and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Luciano A Sposato
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Lela Sturua
- National Centre for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Bryan L Sykes
- Department of Criminology, Law and Society (and Sociology), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Feng Tan
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Jeffrey A Towbin
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bach X Tran
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Kingsley N Ukwaja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Coen H van Gool
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Theo Vos
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen Waller
- Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Haidong Wang
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Linhong Wang
- National Centre for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoRong Wang
- Shandong University Affiliated Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | - Robert G Weintraub
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | - John Q Wong
- Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health, City of Pasig, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Gelin Xu
- Nanjing University School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang C Yang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yuichiro Yano
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | | | - Paul Yip
- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | | | | | | | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kim Yun Jin
- TCM Medical Tk, Nusajaya, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | | | - Yong Zhao
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingfeng Zheng
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Centre for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Nong Zou
- Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Alan D Lopez
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohsen Naghavi
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Rafael Lozano
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA; National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Jiang XQ, Jin KY, Chen TF, Li J, Liu JF, Wan ZY. [Treatment of nasofacial hemangioma with interventional embolization and pingyungmycin injection]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi 2000; 14:114-5. [PMID: 12541411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate a new method with interventional embolization and pingyugmycin injection for treating nasofacial Hemangioma. METHOD The fillets and coil were used for interventional embolization facial artery, internal maxillary artery, temporal superficial artery, and pingyungmycin injected for 4 patients. RESULT The tumor and vascular beat in this series of 4 patients were disappeared by follow up of one year. There are not nasal obstruction and epistaxis. CONCLUSION Treatment with interventional embolization and pingyungmycin injection is a safe and effective method for nasofacial hemangioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Q Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hubei Medical University, Wuhan 430071
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Han YM, Lee JM, Jin KY, Lee SY, Kim CS. Embolization of superior mesenteric artery branches in dogs. Ischemic bowel changes depend on location of vessel occlusion and embolic materials. Invest Radiol 1999; 34:629-35. [PMID: 10509240 DOI: 10.1097/00004424-199910000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the degree of ischemic changes of the small intestine after arterial embolization of proximal or distal arteries with Gelfoam particles and coils in dogs. METHODS Superselective arterial embolization in 18 dogs was performed using a coaxial catheter system. Gelfoam occlusion of the proximal level of ileal or jejunal arteries was performed in four dogs (group A). Gelfoam occlusion of the distal level was performed in four dogs (group B). Coil occlusion of the proximal level was performed in five dogs (group C). Coil occlusion of the distal level was performed in five dogs (group D). All 18 dogs were killed 1 day after the procedure. Gross and microscopic findings were evaluated. RESULTS The embolizations were successful in all dogs. In group B, significant mucosal destruction, lymphocyte proliferation of the submucosa and mucosa, and diffuse swelling in all layers of the intestine were found in all four dogs. Three revealed diffuse ischemic changes and one showed focal ischemic changes. In groups A and C, all the layers of the intestine were intact and did not show any ischemic changes. In group D, one dog showed erosion of a small portion of mucosa and lymphocytic infiltration. The other dogs showed nonspecific findings in all layers of the intestine. CONCLUSIONS Proximal embolization with Gelfoam and coils as well as distal embolization with coils did not cause ischemia. However, ischemic changes in the intestinal wall could be observed after distal embolization with Gelfoam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Han
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Korea
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Jin KY, Kim SK. [The range of mandibular movement after orthognathic surgery]. Taehan Chikkwa Uisa Hyophoe Chi 1986; 24:457-68. [PMID: 3463635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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