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Sun ZR, Han Y, Liu YH, Chen TF, Li YB, Zhang GJ, Pan XB. [Application value of image fusion technology in transcatheter aortic valve implantation]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 103:665-670. [PMID: 36858366 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20220818-01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analysis the application value of image fusion technology in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Methods: A total of 35 patients underwent trans-femoral TAVI using the first-generation VENUS-A valve in Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2020 to May 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, there were 21 males and 14 females, aged from 64 to 81 years, with a mean (SD) of (71.37±5.66) years. They were divided into conventional group (n=22) and fusion group (n=13), according to whether image fusion technology was used during operation. The preoperative general data, intraoperative data, differences of postoperative renal function and residence time in intensive care unit (ICU) were analyzed and compared between the two groups. The postoperative echocardiography and 12 lead ECG were observed. Results: All 35 patients in this study were with severe aortic stenosis, of which, 10 patients were complicated with moderate to severe regurgitation. Compared with the conventional group, the intraoperative fusion group had fewer angiography times [3.0 (3.0, 4.0) vs 5.0 (5.0, 6.0)], X-ray absorbed dose [342.0 (44.5) mGy vs 388.4 (71.0) mGy], and contrast dosage [(73.5±10.5) ml vs (90.3±10.3) ml], and shorter rapid pacing time [(14.0±1.6) seconds vs (16.5±2.0) seconds] (all P<0.05). There was no significant differences in X-ray irradiation time, operation time, sizing of the pre-dilated balloon, valve implantation depth and other indicators (all P>0.05). There was no significant differences in ICU retention time and postoperative renal function (all P>0.05). Postoperative echocardiography showed that the function of aortic valve was good, with mild perivalvular leakage in 2 cases in the conventional group and 1 case in the fusion group; and one patient was implanted with permanent pacemaker after TAVI in the conventional group. Conclusion: Image fusion technology simplifies the TAVI process, shortens the ventricular pacing time and reduces the dosage of X-ray and contrast, and has certain clinical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z R Sun
- Department of Structural Heart Disease of Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University Central China Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Y Han
- Department of Structural Heart Disease of Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University Central China Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Y H Liu
- Department of Structural Heart Disease of Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University Central China Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - T F Chen
- Department of Structural Heart Disease of Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University Central China Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Y B Li
- Department of Structural Heart Disease of Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University Central China Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - G J Zhang
- Center of Structural Heart Disease of Fuwai Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences National Center Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100037, China
| | - X B Pan
- Center of Structural Heart Disease of Fuwai Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences National Center Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100037, China
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Song M, Liu Y, Wang XJ, Zhang LW, Liu Q, Chen TF, Su X, Li WW, Lyu LX, Yang YF. [Association of glutamate receptor metabotropic 5 polymorphisms with schizophrenia susceptibility in a Chinese Han population]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 102:2108-2114. [PMID: 35844113 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20211125-02631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of glutamate receptor metabotropic 5 (GRM5) gene with schizophrenia susceptibility(SZ) in a Chinese Han population. Methods: Twenty-two SNPs located in GRM5 gene in 528 paranoid SZ patients and 528 control subjects recruited from northern Henanwere analyzed. The clinical features of 267 first-episode SZ patients were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results: The SZ group included 264 males and 264 females, aged (27±8) years; the healthy control group had 264 males and 264 females, aged (28±8) years.The differences in the genotypic and allelic frequencies of two SNPs (rs567990 and rs12421343) were statistically significant between the SZ patients and control groups (all P<0.05). The allele frequency of rs504183 was also statistically different between the two groups (P=0.030). When the subjects were stratified by sex, the genotypic and allelic frequencies of rs12421343 in female subjects were statistically different between the SZ patients and control groups. The allele frequencies of SNPs (rs12422021, rs567990, and rs7101540) were also statisticallydifferent between the two groups (all P<0.05). Meanwhile, rs567990 AG+GG carriers had a higher risk for SZ than AA carriers in female subjects(OR=1.946, 95%CI: 1.264-2.995). In addition, the patients with different genotypes (GG, AA+AG) of rs12422021 showed statistically significant differences in PANSS total score(84.8±24.4 vs 75.3±18.6), positive (16.2±4.3 vs 14.4±4.2), excitement (12.4±5.1 vs 10.2±4.1) and cognitive impairment factor scores (15.2±6.8 vs 13.3±3.9) (all P<0.05). The patients with AC and the other two genotypes (AA and CC) of rs504183 showed statistically significant differences in PANSS negative factor score(27.4±9.9 vs 24.7±8.4 and 23.4±8.1, both P<0.05). Conclusion: The current study provides further evidence that GRM5 is associated with SZ, and suggests a putative sex difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Song
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - X J Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - L W Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Q Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - T F Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - X Su
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - W W Li
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - L X Lyu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Y F Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang 453002, China
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Wu Z, Chen TF, Zeng ZF, Zhang YW, Tang Z, Su KY, Fan CY, Li SL. Genetic Structure Analysis of Y-Chromosome STR and SNP in Population of Wujiang Area, Suzhou City. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 35:448-454. [PMID: 31532156 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objective To analyze the genetic phenotypes of Y-chromosome STR and SNP in Han male population of Wujiang area, Suzhou City and explore the genetic structure of population of Wujiang area for further examination of regional-specific Y-SNP genetic markers ancestor haplogroups. Methods Blood samples of 472 Wujiang area Han males were randomly collected and genotyped by YfilerTM Plus PCR Amplification Kit. The allele frequencies and haplotype frequencies of each locus were obtained using the direct calculation method. Y-SNP haplogroups of each sample were estimated using Y-Predictor software and verified through experiments by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). Results A total of 453 haplotypes were found in the 27 Y-STR genetic markers in 472 Han males of Wujiang area. The haplotype diversity (HD) was 0.997 696 93, among which, the highest gene diversity (GD) value was DYF387S1a/b (GD=0.953 1) and the lowest was DYS438 (GD=0.321 8). Based on genotyping data of 27 Y-STRs and 472 samples, 132 haplogroups from C, D, N, O and Q, etc downstream Y-SNP haplogroups were estimated and then verified through experiments. Conclusion This study is based on Y-chromosome STR haplotypes, and predicts Y-SNP haplogroups by Y-Predictor software, then uses ARMS-PCR to verify. Y-SNP genetic markers were introduced to achieve precise analysis of the genetic structure of male families in population of three towns in Wujiang area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.,Wujiang District Public Security Bureau of Suzhou, Suzhou 215200, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - T F Chen
- Wujiang District Public Security Bureau of Suzhou, Suzhou 215200, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Z F Zeng
- Wujiang District Public Security Bureau of Suzhou, Suzhou 215200, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Y W Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Z Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - K Y Su
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - C Y Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - S L Li
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Sawan M, Jeon YH, Chen TF. 84PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICINES USE IN RESIDENTS AND CULTURE: INFLUENCING CLINICAL EXCELLENCE (PRACTICE) TOOL: A DEVELOPMENT AND CONTENT VALIDATION STUDY. Age Ageing 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz061.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Sawan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Y -H Jeon
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Sydney
| | - T F Chen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Benetoli A, Chen TF, Aslani P. How patients' use of social media impacts their interactions with healthcare professionals. Patient Educ Couns 2018; 101:439-444. [PMID: 28882545 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients are increasingly accessing online health information and have become more participatory in their engagement with the advent of social media (SM). This study explored how patients' use of SM impacted their interactions with healthcare professionals (HCPs). METHODS Focus groups (n=5) were conducted with 36 patients with chronic conditions and on medication who used SM for health-related purposes. The discussions lasted 60-90min, were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analysed. RESULTS Participants did not interact with HCPs on SM and were not expecting to do so as they used SM exclusively for peer interactions. Most reported improvement in the patient-HCP relationship due to increased knowledge, better communication, and empowerment. Participants supplemented HCP-provided information with peer interactions on SM, and prepared themselves for consultations. They shared online health information with HCPs, during consultations, to validate it and to actively participate in the decision-making. Although some participants reported HCP support for their online activities, most perceived overt or tacit opposition. CONCLUSION Participants perceived that their SM use positively impacted relationships with HCPs. They felt empowered and were more assertive in participating in decision-making. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS HCPs should be aware of patients' activities and expectations, and support them in their online activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Benetoli
- Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Parana 84.030-900, Brazil.
| | - T F Chen
- Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - P Aslani
- Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Ho SS, McLachlan AJ, Chen TF, Hibbs DE, Fois RA. Relationships Between Pharmacovigilance, Molecular, Structural, and Pathway Data: Revealing Mechanisms for Immune-Mediated Drug-Induced Liver Injury. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2015; 4:426-41. [PMID: 26312166 PMCID: PMC4544056 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Immune-mediated drug-induced liver injury (IMDILI) can be devastating, irreversible, and fatal in the absence of successful transplantation surgery. We present a novel approach that combines the methods of pharmacoepidemiology with in silico molecular modeling to identify specific features in toxic ligands that are associated with clinical features of IMDILI. Specifically, from pharmacovigilance data multivariate logistic regression identified 18 drugs associated with IMDILI (P < 0.00015). Eleven of these drugs, along with their known and proposed metabolites, constituted a training set used to develop a four-point pharmacophore model (sensitivity 75%; specificity 85%). Subsequently, this information was combined with information from immune-pathway reviews and genetic-association studies and complemented with ligand-protein docking simulations to support a hypothesis implicating two putative targets within separate, possibly interacting, immune-system pathways: the major histocompatibility complex within the adaptive immune system and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), in particular TLR-7, which represent pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Ho
- Faculty of Pharmacy (A15), University of Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A J McLachlan
- Faculty of Pharmacy (A15), University of Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - T F Chen
- Faculty of Pharmacy (A15), University of Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D E Hibbs
- Faculty of Pharmacy (A15), University of Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R A Fois
- Faculty of Pharmacy (A15), University of Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Gisev N, Bell JS, Chen TF. A retrospective study of psychotropic drug use among individuals with mental illness issued a community treatment order. Int J Clin Pract 2014; 68:236-44. [PMID: 24372715 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community treatment orders (CTOs) are legal orders which require individuals with mental illness to accept treatment in the community. Previous studies report that long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics are associated with CTOs, however, little is known about the specific treatment plans prescribed in CTOs. The objective of this study was to describe the patterns of psychotropic drugs prescribed to individuals issued a CTO, focusing on LAI antipsychotics, antipsychotic polypharmacy and high-dose antipsychotics. METHODS This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 378 individuals randomly selected from a sample of 1317 individuals with a CTO expiry date up to and including 30 April 2010, taken from all 2856 individuals issued a CTO by the New South Wales Mental Health Review Tribunal, Australia, in 2009. De-identified information relating to individuals' treatment plans, demographic and clinical details were systematically extracted. RESULTS A total of 377 (99.7%) individuals were prescribed at least one antipsychotic. Of these, 310 (82%) were prescribed a LAI antipsychotic, either alone (45%), or in combination with, an oral antipsychotic (37%). Risperidone was the most prevalent antipsychotic, prescribed to 164 (43%) individuals. Antipsychotic polypharmacy was prescribed to 121 (32%) individuals and between 20% and 27% of individuals were prescribed high-dose antipsychotics. Antipsychotic polypharmacy accounted for 74-80% of individuals prescribed high-dose antipsychotics. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study confirm that LAI antipsychotics are commonly prescribed in CTOs. Antipsychotic polypharmacy was also common, and accounted for the majority of individuals prescribed high-dose antipsychotics. Further research is needed to determine the potential outcomes and implications of the patterns observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gisev
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
Non-adherence to antidepressant medications is a significant barrier to the successful treatment of depression in clinical practice. This review aims to systematically assess the effectiveness of interventions for improving antidepressant medication adherence among patients with unipolar depression, and to evaluate the effect of these interventions on depression clinical outcomes. MEDLINE, PsycINFO and EMBASE databases were searched for English-language randomised controlled trials published between January 1990 and December 2010 on interventions to improve antidepressant adherence. The impact of interventions on antidepressant medication adherence (compliance and persistence) and depression clinical outcomes was evaluated. Data concerning the quality of the included studies were also extracted. Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. Interventions were classified as educational, behavioural and multifaceted interventions. A total of 28 interventions were tested, as two studies investigated two interventions each. Sixteen (57%) of the 28 interventions showed significant effects on antidepressant adherence outcomes, whereas 12 (43%) interventions demonstrated significant effects on both antidepressant adherence and depression outcomes. The interventions which showed significant improvement in outcomes were primarily multifaceted and complex, with proactive care management and involvement of mental health specialists. The most commonly used elements of multifaceted interventions included patient educational strategies, telephone follow-up to monitor patients' progress, as well as providing medication support and feedback to primary care providers. Overall, educational interventions alone were ineffective in improving antidepressant medication adherence. In conclusion, improving adherence to antidepressants requires a complex behavioural change and there is some evidence to support behavioural and multifaceted interventions as the most effective in improving antidepressant medication adherence and depression outcomes. More carefully designed and well-conducted studies are needed to clarify the effect of interventions in different patient populations and treatment settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Chong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Bell JS, Aaltonen SE, Airaksinen MS, Volmer D, Gharat MS, Muceniece R, Vitola A, Foulon V, Desplenter FA, Chen TF. Determinants of mental health stigma among pharmacy students in Australia, Belgium, Estonia, Finland, India and Latvia. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2010; 56:3-14. [PMID: 19861340 DOI: 10.1177/0020764008097621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare professionals commonly exhibit negative attitudes toward people with mental disorders. Few international studies have sought to investigate the determinants of stigma. OBJECTIVE To conduct an international comparison of pharmacy students' stigma towards people with schizophrenia, and to determine whether stigma is consistently associated with stereotypical attributes of people with schizophrenia. METHOD Students (n = 649) at eight universities in Australia, Belgium, India, Finland, Estonia and Latvia completed a seven-item Social Distance Scale (SDS) and six items related to stereotypical attributes of people with schizophrenia. RESULTS Mean SDS scores were 19.65 (+/- 3.97) in Australia, 19.61 (+/- 2.92) in Belgium, 18.75 (+/- 3.57) in India, 18.05 (+/- 3.12) in Finland, and 20.90 (+/- 4.04) in Estonia and Latvia. Unpredictability was most strongly associated with having a high social distance in Australia (beta = -1.285), the perception that people will never recover in India (beta = - 0.881), dangerousness in Finland (beta = -1.473) and the perception of being difficult to talk to in Estonia and Latvia (beta = -2.076). Unpredictability was associated with lower social distance in Belgium (beta = 0.839). CONCLUSION The extent to which students held stigmatizing attitudes was similar in each country, however, the determinants of stigma were different. Pharmacy education may need to be tailored to address the determinants of stigma in each country.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Bell
- Division of Social Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Hon N, Lynn N, Chen TF. Transanal resection of the prostate. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2005; 87:489. [PMID: 16263028 PMCID: PMC1964103 DOI: 10.1308/003588405x71117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Hon N, Lynn N, Chen TF. Rectal infiltration by prostatic adenocarcinoma: a report on six patients and review of the literature. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2005; 87:72-3. [PMID: 15720916 PMCID: PMC1963858 DOI: 10.1308/1478708051261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Wang CK, Wu YR, Hwu WL, Chen CM, Ro LS, Chen ST, Gwinn-Hardy K, Yang CC, Wu RM, Chen TF, Wang HC, Chao MC, Chiu MJ, Lu CJ, Lee-Chen GJ. DNA haplotype analysis of CAG repeat in Taiwanese Huntington's disease patients. Eur Neurol 2004; 52:96-100. [PMID: 15273431 DOI: 10.1159/000079938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2003] [Accepted: 05/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We studied the expanded CAG repeat and adjacent CCG repeat in 53 Huntington's disease (HD) patients and 172 unrelated normal subjects matched to the patients for ethnic origin. The range of the CAG repeat varied from 38 to 109 in the HD patients and from 10 to 29 in the control group. A significant negative correlation was found between the age at onset and the CAG expansion, with no significant influence of the adjacent CCG repeat on the age at onset by multiple regression analysis. Allelic association using CCG repeat and 2 flanking dinucleotide repeat markers within 150 kb of the HD gene revealed linkage disequilibrium for 2 of 3 markers. Haplotype analysis of 24 HD families using these markers identified 3 major haplotypes underlying 87.5% of HD chromosomes. The data suggested frequent haplotypes in the Taiwanese population on which one or more mutational events leading to the disease occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Wang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Sheu JR, Hsiao G, Shen MY, Chou CY, Lin CH, Chen TF, Chou DS. Inhibitory mechanisms of kinetin, a plant growth-promoting hormone, in platelet aggregation. Platelets 2003; 14:189-96. [PMID: 12850843 DOI: 10.1080/0953710021000060925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Kinetin has been shown to have anti-aging effects on several different systems including plants and human cells. The aim of this study was to examine the detailed inhibitory mechanisms of kinetin in platelet aggregation. In this study, kinetin concentration-dependently (50-150 microM) inhibited platelet aggregation in human platelets stimulated by agonists. Kinetin (70 and 150 microM) also concentration-dependently inhibited intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and phosphoinositide breakdown in platelets stimulated by collagen (1 microg/ml). Kinetin (70 and 150 microM) significantly inhibited thromboxane A2 formation stimulated by collagen (1 microg/ml) and arachidonic acid (60 microM) in human platelets. In addition, kinetin (70 and 150 microM) significantly increased the formation of cyclic AMP. Intracellular pH values were measured spectrofluorometrically using the fluorescent probe BCECF-AM in platelets. The thrombin-evoked increase in pHi was markedly inhibited in the presence of kinetin (70 and 150 microM). Rapid phosphorylation of a platelet protein of molecular weight (Mr) 47000 (P47), a marker of protein kinase C activation, was triggered by collagen (1 microg/ml). This phosphorylation was inhibited by kinetin (70 and 150 microM). In conclusion, these results indicate that the anti-platelet activity of kinetin may be involved in the following pathways: kinetin's effects may initially be due to inhibition of the activation of phospholipase C and the Na+/H+ exchanger. This leads to lower intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, followed by inhibition of TxA2 formation and then increased cyclic AMP formation, followed by a further inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger, ultimately resulting in markedly decreased intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and phosphorylation of P47. These results suggest that kinetin has an effective anti-platelet effect and that it may be a potential therapeutic agent for arterial thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
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Chiang LL, Kuo CT, Wang CH, Chen TF, Ho YS, Kuo HP, Lin CH. Involvement of nuclear factor-kappaB in lipoteichoic acid-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Pharm Pharmacol 2003; 55:115-23. [PMID: 12625875 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2003.tb02441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the role of protein kinase C (PKC) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression caused by Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid in RAW 264.7 macrophages. A phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase C (PC-PLC) inhibitor (D-609) and a phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C (PI-PLC) inhibitor (U-73122) attenuated lipoteichoic acid-induced COX-2 expression, while a phosphatidate phosphohydrolase inhibitor (propranolol) had no effect. Two PKC inhibitors (Go 6976 and Ro 31-8220) and the NF-kappaB inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), also attenuated lipoteichoic acid-induced COX-2 expression. Lipoteichoic acid resulted in a decrease in PKC activity in the cytosol and an increase in PKC activity in membranes. The lipoteichoic acid-induced translocation of p65 NF-kappaB from the cytosol to the nucleus was inhibited by D-609, U-73122, Go 6976, Ro 31-8220, and PDTC, but not by propranolol. The results suggested that lipoteichoic acid might have activated PC-PLC and PI-PLC to induce PKC activation, which in turn initiated NF-kappaB activation, and finally induced COX-2 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Chiang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wang SL, Lin SY, Chen TF, Chuang CH. Solid-state trans-cis isomerization of captopril determined by thermal Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy. J Pharm Sci 2001; 90:1034-9. [PMID: 11536207 DOI: 10.1002/jps.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Thermal Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy was used to investigate the conformational isomerization of captopril in the solid state. The result indicates that the IR peak intensity of captopril for original bands decreased dramatically at 102 degrees C, but for new bands it increased with the rise of temperature. The frequency of C=O stretching mode for carboxylic acid and for amide was located at a higher wavenumber of 1747 cm(-1) and at a lower frequency of 1591 cm(-1) as compared with the general compound, suggesting the existence of trans isomer of captopril in the solid state by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Beyond 102 degrees C, several new bands at 1720, 1645, and 1610 cm(-1) were observed with the rise of temperature, indicating the coexistence of a cis isomer. However, the cis isomer could transform gradually to the trans isomer after cooling. The thermodynamics of equilibrium mixture of cis/trans isomers were also studied. The trans isomer was more stable than the cis isomer, but the cis isomer was favored at the higher temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Wang
- Biopharmaceutics Laboratory, Department of Medical Research & Education, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Shih-Pai, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] In the course of natural product synthetic studies, 5-(4-pentenyl)oxazole and 5-(5-hexenyl)oxazole were N-methylated. The initial N-methylated 5-alkenyloxazolium salt adducts were found to be only intermediates and were ultimately transformed into hydroindole and hydroisoquinoline compounds, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wenkert
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203-5068, USA.
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Wang SL, Lin SY, Chen TF. Reaction kinetics of solid-state cyclization of enalapril maleate investigated by isothermal FT-IR microscopic system. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2001; 49:402-6. [PMID: 11310665 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.49.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the reaction kinetics of the solid-state degradation process of enalapril maleate, a Fourier transform infrared microspectroscope equipped with thermal analyzer (thermal FT-IR microscopic system) was used. The isothermal stability study was conducted at 120-130 degrees C for 1-2 h and changes in the three-dimensional plots of the IR spectra of enalapril maleate with respect to heating time were observed. The study indicates that the bands at 1649, 1728, and 1751 cm(-1) assigned to intact enalapril maleate gradually reduced in peak intensity with heating time. However, the peak intensities at 1672 and 1738 cm(-1) (due to enalapril diketopiperazine (DKP) formation) and at 3250 cm(-1) (corresponding to water formation) gradually increased with heating time. The solid-state diketopiperazine formation and the degradation process of enalapril maleate via intramolecular cyclization were found to be simultaneous. The isothermal decomposition curves were sigmoidal and were characterized by induction and acceleration periods, indicating the presence of autocatalytic solid-state decompositions. Moreover, the power-law equation (n = 1/4) was found to provide the best fit to the kinetics of decomposition. This isothermal FT-IR microscopic system was easily used to investigate the degradation of enalapril maleate and the concomitant formation of DKP. The solid-state reaction of enalapril maleate required an activation energy of 195+/-12 kJ/mol to undergo the processes of decomposition and intramolecular cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Wang
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Wang SL, Lin SY, Chen TF. Thermal-Dependent dehydration process and intramolecular cyclization of lisinopril dihydrate in the solid state. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2000; 48:1890-3. [PMID: 11145138 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.48.1890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The pathway of dehydration and intramolecular cyclization of lisinopril dihydrate in the solid state was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a combination of thermal analyzer with Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (thermal FT-IR microscopic system). The results indicate that the dehydration from the solid-state lisinopril dihydrate had a two-step process from dihydrate to monohydrate at 76 degrees C and then from monohydrate to anhydrate at 99-101 approximately C, which could be clearly observed from the above three methods. Only the thermal FT-IR microscopic system could give vital information on diketopiperazine (DKP) formation via intramolecular cyclization in anhydrous lisinopril. A new peak at 1670 cm(-1) assigned to the carbonyl band of DKP formation was clearly evidenced. The water of reaction byproduct was liberated at a temperature >157 degrees C and appeared on the IR spectra near 3200-3400 cm(-1). Moreover, the peak at 1574 cm(-1) assigned to carboxylate shifted to 1552 cm(-1) due to the DKP formation. The peak at 1670 cm(-1) related to the DKP formation changed slightly in intensity from 147 degrees C and significantly near 157 degrees C. DSC and TGA methods were poor for use in supplying information on DKP formation in lisinopril. The thermal FT-IR microscopic system is useful from the view point that it can quickly and directly show the solid-state stability of drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Wang
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Shih-Pai, Republic of China
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Jiang XQ, Jin KY, Chen TF, Li J, Liu JF, Wan ZY. [Treatment of nasofacial hemangioma with interventional embolization and pingyungmycin injection]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi 2000; 14:114-5. [PMID: 12541411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate a new method with interventional embolization and pingyugmycin injection for treating nasofacial Hemangioma. METHOD The fillets and coil were used for interventional embolization facial artery, internal maxillary artery, temporal superficial artery, and pingyungmycin injected for 4 patients. RESULT The tumor and vascular beat in this series of 4 patients were disappeared by follow up of one year. There are not nasal obstruction and epistaxis. CONCLUSION Treatment with interventional embolization and pingyungmycin injection is a safe and effective method for nasofacial hemangioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Q Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hubei Medical University, Wuhan 430071
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Lai LP, Lin JL, Chen TF, Ko WC, Lien WP. Clinical, electrophysiological characteristics, and radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial tachycardia near the apex of Koch's triangle. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1998; 21:367-74. [PMID: 9507537 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1998.tb00060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atrial tachycardia, with its focus near the apex of Koch's triangle, may carry a potential risk of atrioventricular block during radiofrequency catheter ablation. The efficacy and safety of this procedure have never been addressed. The characteristics and catheter ablation results are reported for six patients with atrial tachycardia near the apex of Koch's triangle. All six patients were female aged 49.6 +/- 9.3 years (range 39-63). Organic heart disease was present in 3 (50%) of the 6 patients. The P wave in surface ECG had a mean axis of -28 degrees (range -90 degrees - +30 degrees) in the frontal plane. The catheter ablation was guided by activation sequence mapping. The energy was titrated from low power level. Atrial overdrive pacing was used to monitor the atrioventricular conduction should accelerated junctional rhythm occur. At the final successful ablation site, the local atrial activation was 41.8 +/- 9.1 ms before the P wave and His-bundle potential was present in 5 of the 6 patients. All patients had their atrial tachycardia eliminated without recurrence or heart block during a follow-up period of 17.7 +/- 8.5 months (range 6-30). In conclusion, atrial tachycardia near the apex of Koch's triangle has distinct clinical and electrophysiological features. Radiofrequency catheter ablation can be performed effectively. However, extreme care must be taken to prevent inadvertent atrioventricular block. Titrated energy application and continuous monitoring of atrioventricular conduction are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
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Mu J, Feng XS, Li JY, Yang K, Chen TF, Jiang L. DISPERSION BEHAVIOR OF HEMATOPORPHYRIN IN MONOMOLECULAR FILM OF STEARIC ACID. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/01932699708943733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
In this study, we explored the possible mechanism of cooling-induced relaxation of the isolated guinea-pig trachea. A rapid cooling (-4 degrees C/min) from 37 +/- 0.5 degree C to 25 +/- 0.5 degree C induced a transient and small contraction followed by a sustained cooling-relaxation. This relaxation was not blocked by propranolol or tetrodotoxin. Various concentrations of four contractile agonists (histamine, carbachol, 5-HT and ryanodine) all enhanced cooling-relaxation in a concentration-dependent manner which correlated well with their increase in the developed muscular tension, suggesting an inherent counterbalance between cooling-relaxation and the bronchoconstriction. Treating with either indomethacin or nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) did not affect the contractile properties of histamine, carbachol and 5-HT except ryanodine, but reversed cooling-relaxation into sustained cooling-contraction. Indomethacin partially inhibited but NDGA abolished cooling-relaxation induced by ryanodine. Moreover, ryanodine, but not the other three contractile agonists, could antagonize indomethacin in inducing cooling-contractions by various agonists. From above findings, we can conclude that eicosanoids including prostaglandins particularly leukotrienes, which would be produced by the elevated Ca(2+)-release from the ryanodine sensitive Ca(2+)-store, play prominent roles in inducing cooling-relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Chou
- Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical College, Taiwan
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Abstract
The contribution of organic and psychogenic factors in the aetiopathogenesis of impotence was studied in a large number of diabetic males, to develop an algorithm for its management. We examined 110 consecutive patients who were referred to the Impotence Clinic of the Diabetes Centre. All patients were initially evaluated by a diabetologist and then underwent psychosexual assessment by a specialized psychiatrist. Patients with primarily organic disease were referred to a urologist for further management while those with psychogenic impotence received psychosexual counselling. Peripheral neuropathy was present in 71 (65%) and two or more autonomic tests were abnormal in 22 (20%) patients. Neuropathy was the only cause detected in 29 (27%) patients, the main cause in 22 (20%), and contributing, but not the main factor, in 20 (18%). Psychogenic factors were the only cause detected in 12 (11%) patients, the main cause in 26 (24%) and contributed in 19 (17%). Marital disharmony, medical treatment, and peripheral vascular disease were the main aetiopathogenic factors in the remaining cases. Psychosexual counselling resulted in successful intercourse in 17 (60%) out of the 24 treated patients and papaverine injections in 31 (61%) out of 56 treated patients. It is concluded that although organic factors are mainly responsible for the development of impotence in diabetic males, psychological factors contribute significantly and psychosexual assessment and counselling are essential adjuncts to its management. Treatment with papaverine injections is generally inexpensive and effective to overcome the multifactorial causes of erectile dysfunction in this population. An algorithm which may facilitate the investigation and treatment of impotent diabetic males is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Veves
- University Department of Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, UK
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Chen TF, Clarke N, Bowman R, Harper NJ, Payne SR. Intermuscular bupivacaine infusion for control of pain after renal surgery: a preliminary report. Br J Urol 1994; 74:155-9. [PMID: 7921931 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1994.tb16578.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the value of continuous bupivacaine wound infusion for post-operative pain relief after renal surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS The analgesic efficacy of continuous intermuscular wound infusion with 0.25% bupivacaine was studied in 10 patients (four men, six women), with a mean age of 47.5 years (range 25-71) and a mean weight of 71.2 kg (range 44-99), after renal surgery in a single-blind randomized trial. The results were compared with those of an age- and weight-matched control group of 10 patients (five men, five women) with a mean age of 47.7 years (range 27-73) and a mean weight of 67.3 kg (range 51-85). Post-operative pain was studied objectively by assessing individual patient's morphine requirements administered via a patient controlled analgesia system, and subjectively with pain scores. Patient mobility was assessed by ward nursing staff using mobility score charts. RESULTS There was a lower demand for post-operative analgesia in the bupivacaine group compared with the control. Although there was no significant difference in the pain scores between the two groups, the bupivacaine group was significantly more mobile than the control group after surgery. There was no significant difference in the mean post-operative hospital stay between the two groups. CONCLUSION Continuous intermuscular bupivacaine wound infusion is a simple and safe procedure which lowers the patients' post-operative analgesic requirements, allows for earlier mobility and may promote more rapid discharge from hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Chen
- Department of Urology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, UK
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Chen TF, Collier DS. Intraperitoneal rupture of an infected urachus. Br J Urol 1994; 74:134-5. [PMID: 8044521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Chen TF, Robinson E, Payne SR, Robinson E. A district urinary catheter policy. Why have one? Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1994; 76:190-3. [PMID: 8017814 PMCID: PMC2502286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A catheter audit was performed at the Central Manchester Trust, which found that there was excessive ordering, inappropriate catheter selection by size, materials, balloon size and poor guidelines on catheter storage. From these findings and from the available literature, we have proposed guidelines on catheter selection with the aim of offering the best patient care and to provide cost efficiency which may be of benefit to other hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Chen
- Department of Urological Surgery, Manchester Royal Infirmary
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) on detrusor activity in man to determine whether it has any inhibitory effect on detrusor contraction. The inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA has been found in mammalian urinary bladders and the effects of GABA on detrusor activity in the rabbit bladder has previously been described [1]. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human detrusor muscle strips, obtained at cystectomy, were made to contract by electrical stimulation of their autonomic nerves or by the addition of carbachol in a superfusion apparatus. GABA and its analogues were added to the superfusion chamber and any changes in the responses were measured. RESULTS The electrically evoked nerve-mediated contractions in human bladder muscle were exclusively cholinergic. GABA inhibited nerve-mediated contractions in human detrusor muscle-strips by the activation of the GABAB receptor, since baclofen (a GABAB receptor agonist) produced similar inhibition and muscimol (a GABAA receptor agonist) did not. There was no inhibition of carbachol-mediated contractions by GABA. CONCLUSION This in vitro study shows that GABA has a peripherally mediated inhibitory effect on excitatory neurotransmission in human detrusor muscle. The site of action is on the post-ganglionic nerves and appears to be mediated via the GABAB receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Chen
- Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Chen TF, Eardley I, Doyle PT, Bullock KN. Rectal obstruction secondary to carcinoma of the prostate treated by transanal resection of the prostate. Br J Urol 1992; 70:643-7. [PMID: 1283104 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1992.tb15835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rectal obstruction caused by carcinoma of the prostate is uncommon. If the disease does not respond to either hormonal treatment or radiotherapy, the only surgical means of relieving the obstruction has been the formation of a colostomy. We present an alternative treatment, since many of these patients are elderly with a short life expectancy and they may have difficulty coping with a stoma. Seven transanal endoscopic resections of the prostate (TARP) have been performed on 5 patients. The procedure is not without complications, but it does offer simple surgical palliation of the rectal obstruction and obviates the need for a colostomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Chen
- Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Chen
- Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge
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Chen TF, Yu H, Barofsky DF. Centrifugal size-exclusion chromatographic method for rapid desalting and filtering of carbohydrate samples prior to fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 1992; 64:2014-9. [PMID: 1384389 DOI: 10.1021/ac00041a046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T F Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Oregon State University Corvallis 97331
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Abstract
Gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) is an established inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) and it has also been identified in the bladder. We have investigated in the rabbit the effect of GABA on detrusor activity. Rabbit detrusor muscle strips were made to contract by electrical stimulation of their autonomic nerves or by the addition of carbachol. The addition of GABA caused substantial inhibition of muscle contraction. GABA acts on 2 classes of receptors-GABAA and GABAB. The inhibition was mediated via the GABAB receptors as its effect was mimicked by baclofen (a GABAB agonist) and inhibited by 2-hydroxysaclofen (a GABAB receptor antagonist). Inhibition was not prevented by bicuculline (a GABAA receptor antagonist). This inhibition may be due to a direct muscle effect since the inhibition, which occurred with carbachol-induced contraction, was not abolished by the addition of tetrodotoxin. GABA, acting via the GABAB receptor, produces substantial inhibition of muscle contraction in the rabbit urinary bladder. This raises the possibility of using GABAB analogues in the treatment of detrusor instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Chen
- Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge
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Abstract
Fifteen epididymectomies were performed on 10 patients with post-vasectomy pain and 12 specimens were available for histopathological review. The findings were compared with those in 2 groups in which epididymectomy was performed for chronic epididymo-orchitis and epididymal cysts. The results showed that 50% of the post-vasectomy group were cured by simple epididymectomy. Pathological findings revealed features of long-standing obstruction and interstitial and perineural fibrosis which may have accounted for the pain. It is important to recognise this late complication of vasectomy and, if surgery is to be performed, to include all of the distal vas and previous vasectomy site in the excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Chen
- Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge
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Chen TF, Collier DS. Intraperitoneal rupture of an infected urachal cyst in an infant. Case report. Eur J Surg 1991; 157:67-8. [PMID: 1675885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peritonitis due to intraperitoneal rupture of an infected urachal cyst is a life-threatening condition, not previously reported in an infant. We report this condition in an 8-month-old infant. The child underwent complete excision of the urachal remnant and made an uneventful recovery; bacterial culture grew Staphylococcus aureus. Subsequent investigations did not reveal any other renal tract abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Chen
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, England
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Chen TF, Collier DS, Everett WG, Freeman AH. Occult blood loss from small bowel tumours. Case report. Acta Chir Scand 1990; 156:499-501. [PMID: 2368555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report 4 patients who presented with occult blood loss, from a small bowel adenocarcinoma, in whom there was considerable delay in diagnosis. The difficulty in diagnosis and the role of CT scanning is discussed. We recommend a careful laparotomy when endoscopic and radiological investigations fail to reveal the source of blood loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Chen
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, England
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Abstract
Benign neoplasms of the trachea are rare. We describe a 46-year-old patient with a lipoma arising from the membranous trachea and causing severe respiratory obstruction. Investigation and management of this problem are discussed, and the literature is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, England
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Chen TF, Lin SG, Chen LX, Jiang GF, Liang ZY, Yang M, Qian YZ, Xie YA. [Enhancement of absorption of tetramethylpyrazine by synthetic borneol]. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1990; 11:42-4. [PMID: 2403013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sprague-Dawley rats were given ig tetramethylpyrazine phosphate (TMP) 5 mg/kg with or without previous borneol 5 mg/kg. The plasma TMP concentrations were analysed by GC method, and the data were treated by NONLIN program. The Cmax were 931 and 562 ng/ml, respectively, (P less than 0.01); while the AUC were 68,849 and 37,174, respectively, (P less than 0.05). It is suggested that the borneol enhances the absorption of the TMP but not in elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Chen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
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Lin SY, Tyan IJ, Chen TF, Chou YL. [A case report and metallurgical analysis of broken Luque rod]. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1989; 5:642-8. [PMID: 2634119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Wire breakage is frequently mentioned in Luque rod instrumentation with segmental sublaminar wiring, but breakage of the Luque rod is rare. A case report of a broken Luque rod in a patient following a scoliosis post-corrective operation is presented and a metallurgical analysis is provided to evaluate the mechanism of breakage. In the metallurgical analysis, we find many slots and dimples on the rod surface which were induced by an inappropriate bending apparatus and bending manipulation. These defects resulted in a stress concentration effect and initiated fatigue. As for the stress on the rod, this resulted from the force correcting the scoliotic deformity plus the load resulting from patient's daily activity, which increased the progression of fatigue and then induced the final breakage. So, to avoid Luque rod breakage we suggest that the bending manipulation be done appropriately, with external orthosis given to those patients with severe deformity or who are daily very active.
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Abstract
Using ovalbumin as a starting material, we have isolated and purified relatively large stocks of known glycopeptides for use as models with which to investigate and develop mass spectrometric procedures for the analysis of this class of compounds. In the process, we have discovered six new components in the L-beta-aspartamido carbohydrate fraction of ovalbumin. Positive and negative fast atom bombardment mass spectra, produced on a KRATOS MS50-TC, confirm that the newly found chromatographic peaks correspond to as yet unidentified compounds in the molecular weight range of 1000-3000. Fragment ion peaks present in the mass spectra of some of the unknown compounds can be rationalized in terms of the fragment ion patterns established from the structures of the known glycoasparagines.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Wang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
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Chen TF. [Suicide and the university student - a population at risk]. Hu Li Za Zhi 1980; 27:37-9. [PMID: 6901764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Chen TF. [Self concept and the teaching of clinical nursing]. Hu Li Za Zhi 1979; 26:1-5. [PMID: 259622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Chen TF. [How to teach the nursing care of the asthmatic patient: by evaluating the teaching in medical-surgical nursing (Part II) (author's transl)]. Hu Li Za Zhi 1974; 21:34-9. [PMID: 4497882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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44
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Chen TF. [How to teach nursing care of the asthmatic patient: by evaluating the teaching in medical surgical nursing. 1]. Hu Li Za Zhi 1974; 21:55-66. [PMID: 4497872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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45
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Tsui G, Chen TF. [The relationship of acupuncture, moxibustion and nursing care]. Hu Li Za Zhi 1973; 20:45-8. [PMID: 4492266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Chang CC, Chen TF, Chuang ST. Influence of chronic neostigmine treatment on the number of acetylcholine receptors and the release of acetylcholine from the rat diaphragm. J Physiol 1973; 230:613-8. [PMID: 4352107 PMCID: PMC1350618 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1973.sp010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Rats were treated twice daily for 7 days with neostigmine and the diaphragm was isolated for study of its acetylcholine content, release upon nerve stimulation and the number of receptors in the end-plate.2. While the content of total acetylcholine was unchanged, the release of acetylcholine on stimulation with trains of 500 pulses at 100 Hz every 20 sec was reduced by about 50%. Five days after the end of neostigmine treatment the release of acetylcholine recovered to normal.3. The total number of acetylcholine receptors in the end-plate as measured from the binding of N, O-di[(3)H]acetyl alpha-bungarotoxin was reduced from 2.1 x 10(7) to 1.2 x 10(7) per end-plate.4. The above-mentioned changes are not due to acute pharmacological effects of neostigmine, nor to an immediate effect of cholinesterase inhibition but presumably due to chronic accumulation of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction.
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Chen TF. [Nursing care for Mrs. Lin]. Hu Li Za Zhi 1973; 20:8-10. [PMID: 4489369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Chang CC, Chen TF, Lee CY. Studies of the presynaptic effect of -bungarotoxin on neuromuscular transmission. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1973; 184:339-45. [PMID: 4347256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Abstract
1. alpha-Bungarotoxin isolated from the venom of Bungarus multicinctus was acetylated with [(3)H] acetic anhydride and N-[(3)H] acetyl imidazole. Tri-N-acetyl and hexa-N-acetyl derivatives were obtained from the former, and N,O-di, N,N,O-tri and N,N,N,O-tetraacetyl derivatives from the latter reaction, respectively.2. There were parallel decreases in both neuromuscular blocking action in the phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation of rats and depression of acetylcholine response of the rectus abdominis muscle of frogs with increased acetylation. Also, a parallel but greater decrease of toxicity in mice was found.3. N,O-Di and N,N,O-triacetyl toxins were localized mostly in the motor endplate region of the rat diaphragm, whereas a slight nonspecific binding along the whole muscle fibre in addition to the peak in the endplate region was observed with N,N,N,O-tetraacetyl and tri-N-acetyl toxins. In contrast, there was a marked nonspecific binding with hexa-N-acetyl toxin and no peak was observed at the endplate zone.4. The specific binding was saturable and irreversible. The number of toxin-receptive sites in one endplate was 1.9-2.2 x 10(7) for all of the labelled toxins irrespective of their potency.5. (+)-Tubocurarine protected effectively against the binding as well as the irreversible neuromuscular blocking effect of the toxins.6. Denervation of the rat diaphragm caused an increase of toxin-receptive sites beginning from the endplate zone at 1-2 days and then along the whole muscle fibre, reaching the maximum at about 18 days. The total receptive sites increased by about 30-fold.7. The significance of the findings is discussed and it is concluded that N,O-di and N,N,O-tri-[(3)H] acetyl alpha-bungarotoxins are specific and irreversible labelling agents for the cholinergic receptors of skeletal muscle.
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Chen TF. [Interesting data of faculty influence upon teaching]. Hu Li Za Zhi 1972; 19:57-64. [PMID: 4484444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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