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Wani SH, Gaikwad K, Razzaq A, Samantara K, Kumar M, Govindan V. Improving Zinc and Iron Biofortification in Wheat through Genomics Approaches. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8007-8023. [PMID: 35661970 PMCID: PMC9165711 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Globally, about 20% of calories (energy) come from wheat. In some countries, it is more than 70%. More than 2 billion people are at risk for zinc deficiency and even more, people are at risk of iron deficiency, nearly a quarter of all children underage group of 5 are physically and cognitively stunted, and lack of dietary zinc is a major contributing factor. Biofortified wheat with elevated levels of zinc and iron has several potential advantages as a delivery vehicle for micronutrients in the diets of resource-poor consumers who depend on cereal-based diets. The conventional breeding strategies have been successful in the introduction of novel alleles for grain Zn and Fe that led to the release of competitive Zn enriched wheat varieties in South Asia. The major challenge over the next few decades will be to maintain the rates of genetic gains for grain yield along with increased grain Zn/Fe concentration to meet the food and nutritional security challenges. Therefore, to remain competitive, the performance of Zn-enhanced lines/varieties must be equal or superior to that of current non-biofortified elite lines/varieties. Since both yield and Zn content are invisible and quantitatively inherited traits except few intermediate effect QTL regions identified for grain Zn, increased breeding efforts and new approaches are required to combine them at high frequency, ensuring that Zn levels are steadily increased to the required levels across the breeding pipelines. The current review article provides a comprehensive list of genomic regions for enhancing grain Zn and Fe concentrations in wheat including key candidate gene families such NAS, ZIP, VLT, ZIFL, and YSL. Implementing forward breeding by taking advantage of the rapid cycling trait pipeline approaches would simultaneously introgress high Zn and Fe QTL into the high Zn and normal elite lines, further increasing Zn and Fe concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Hussain Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, 192102 Khudwani, J&K India
| | - Kiran Gaikwad
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, 110012 New Delhi, India
| | - Ali Razzaq
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kajal Samantara
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Centurion University of Technology and Management, 761211 Odisha, India
| | - Manjeet Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, 110012 New Delhi, India
| | - Velu Govindan
- Global Wheat Program International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center Texcoco Mexico, Texcoco, Mexico
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Tyagi A, Sharma S, Ali S, Gaikwad K. Crosstalk between H 2 S and NO: an emerging signalling pathway during waterlogging stress in legume crops. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2022; 24:576-586. [PMID: 34693601 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In legumes, waterlogging is a major detrimental factor leading to huge yield losses. Generally, legumes lack tolerance to submergence, and conventional breeding to develop tolerant varieties are limited due to the lack of tolerant germplasm and potential target genes. Moreover, our understanding of the various signalling cascades, their interactions and key pathways induced during waterlogging is limited. Here, we focus on the role of two important plant signalling molecules, viz. hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) and nitric oxide (NO), during waterlogging stress in legumes. Plants and soil microbes produce these signalling molecules both endogenously and exogenously under various stresses, including waterlogging. NO and H2 S are known to regulate key physiological pathways, such as stomatal closure, leaf senescence and regulation of numerous stress signalling pathways, while NO plays a pivotal role in adventitious root formation during waterlogging. The crosstalk between H2 S and NO is synergistic because of the resemblance of their physiological effects and proteomic functions, which mainly operate through cysteine-dependent post-translational modifications via S-nitrosation and persulfidation. Such knowledge has provided novel platforms for researchers to unravel the complexity associated with H2 S-NO signalling and interactions with plant stress hormones. This review provides an overall summary on H2 S and NO, including biosynthesis, biological importance, crosstalk, transporter regulation as well as understanding their role during waterlogging using 'multi-omics' approach. Understanding H2 S and NO signalling will help in deciphering the metabolic interactions and identifying key regulatory genes that could be used for developing waterlogging tolerance in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tyagi
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - S Sharma
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - S Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - K Gaikwad
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Hoadley B, Gaikwad K, Allen M, Kowalenko N, Chang O. Addressing the specialist workforce CAMH skill-gap: providing and evaluating iCAMH training in Fiji and Papua New Guinea. Australas Psychiatry 2020; 28:27-30. [PMID: 31450954 DOI: 10.1177/1039856219866314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Child and adolescent mental health problems are common and result in significant morbidity. Whereas in high-income countries there is an established workforce, in lower income countries, such as the Pacific nations, the workforce has little capacity despite a potentially higher population risk of mental disorder. We report on a workforce development effort, a child and adolescent mental health training package. METHOD We describe the implementation and evaluation of the International Child and Adolescent Mental Health certificate training in two Pacific nations. RESULTS Clinicians rated the training positively. Some participants reported concern with teaching materials. Attitudes to child and adolescent mental health were more favourable following the course. A change in knowledge or skill could not be determined. CONCLUSIONS The training seems of value to Pacific clinicians and the framework provides for case-based learning across settings. The training would benefit from the addition of a valid assessment of participant skill and knowledge. The sociocultural and contextual factors are considerations for the content and delivery. Contextually appropriate resources and teaching strategies are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hoadley
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, The University of Sydney and The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kiran Gaikwad
- Acting Medical Superintendent, Fiji Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Suva, Fiji
| | - Myrielle Allen
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, Fiji National University, Fiji Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Suva, Fiji
| | - Nick Kowalenko
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Odille Chang
- Assistant Professor in Psychiatry, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
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Verma R, Shah R, Anand S, Vaja C, Gaikwad K. Mayer-Rockitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome Presenting as Irreducible Inguinal Hernia. Indian J Surg 2018; 80:93-95. [PMID: 29581694 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-017-1673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inguinal hernia is the most common type of hernia experienced in the surgical OPD due to the muscular anatomy of the region being weak along with the natural weaknesses like deep ring with indirect hernia being more common than direct. Inguinal hernias may have varying unusual sac contents, a case presentation of rudimentary uterus and ovaries as contents of inguinal hernia in an adult female with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) type II syndrome. This syndrome may be attributed to abnormal development of blastema of cervicothoracic somites and pronephriducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Verma
- Department of Surgery at K.J. Somaiya Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | - Rajul Shah
- Department of Surgery at K.J. Somaiya Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | - Swarup Anand
- Department of Surgery at K.J. Somaiya Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | - Chirag Vaja
- Department of Surgery at K.J. Somaiya Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | - Kiran Gaikwad
- Department of Surgery at K.J. Somaiya Medical College, Mumbai, India
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Decatris M, Hayes M, Reed N, Bhalla V, Thomas J, Gaikwad K, Birchall K, Phillips A, Ryan P, Du Rand I, Taniere P. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and testing experience in a cohort of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Lung Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(18)30126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Arora S, Mahato AK, Singh S, Mandal P, Bhutani S, Dutta S, Kumawat G, Singh BP, Chaudhary AK, Yadav R, Gaikwad K, Sevanthi AM, Datta S, Raje RS, Sharma TR, Singh NK. A high-density intraspecific SNP linkage map of pigeonpea (Cajanas cajan L. Millsp.). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179747. [PMID: 28654689 PMCID: PMC5487049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) is a major food legume cultivated in semi-arid tropical regions including the Indian subcontinent, Africa, and Southeast Asia. It is an important source of protein, minerals, and vitamins for nearly 20% of the world population. Due to high carbon sequestration and drought tolerance, pigeonpea is an important crop for the development of climate resilient agriculture and nutritional security. However, pigeonpea productivity has remained low for decades because of limited genetic and genomic resources, and sparse utilization of landraces and wild pigeonpea germplasm. Here, we present a dense intraspecific linkage map of pigeonpea comprising 932 markers that span a total adjusted map length of 1,411.83 cM. The consensus map is based on three different linkage maps that incorporate a large number of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from next generation sequencing data, using Illumina GoldenGate bead arrays, and genotyping with restriction site associated DNA (RAD) sequencing. The genotyping-by-sequencing enhanced the marker density but was met with limited success due to lack of common markers across the genotypes of mapping population. The integrated map has 547 bead-array SNP, 319 RAD-SNP, and 65 simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker loci. We also show here correspondence between our linkage map and published genome pseudomolecules of pigeonpea. The availability of a high-density linkage map will help improve the anchoring of the pigeonpea genome to its chromosomes and the mapping of genes and quantitative trait loci associated with useful agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Arora
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Mahato
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Paritra Mandal
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Shefali Bhutani
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sutapa Dutta
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Giriraj Kumawat
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Bikram Pratap Singh
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rekha Yadav
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - K. Gaikwad
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Ranjeet S. Raje
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Tilak R. Sharma
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Nagendra Kumar Singh
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure physical activity in children with wasting and to look for association between poor physical activity and wasting. METHODS Physical activity was measured in 56 children with wasting, using Childrens Activity Rating Scale, and compared with age- and sex-matched controls. RESULTS A significant association was found between poor physical activity and malnutrition as determined by weight-for-height Z Score <-2 (P=0.001) and mid-upper-arm circumference (P=0.002). MAIN CONCLUSION Physical activity can be used as clinical parameter to assess malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Girish
- Department of Pediatrics, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences, and *Department of Preventive and Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. Correspondence to: Dr Meenakshi Girish, 101, Shubham Enclave, Darda Marg, Rahate Colony, Nagpur 440 022, Maharashtra, India.
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Bakshi AV, Bharath R, Gupta S, Nair R, Shet T, Ghadyalpatil NS, Kaushal R, Gaikwad K, Kannan S, Parikh PM. Evaluation of efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with weekly paclitaxel in patients with locally advanced and large operable breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.11593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Bharath R, Menon H, Ghadyalpatil NS, Prabhash K, Hingmire SS, Karanth N, Jain K, Gaikwad K, Agarwal JP, Parikh PM. Treatment outcomes in patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer - Experience from a tertiary Indian cancer centre. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.19129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Meur G, Gaikwad K, Bhat SR, Prakash S, Kirti PB. Homeotic-like modification of stamens to petals is associated with aberrant mitochondrial gene expression in cytoplasmic male sterile Ogura Brassica juncea. J Genet 2006; 85:133-9. [PMID: 17072082 DOI: 10.1007/bf02729019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported correction of severe leaf chlorosis in the cytoplasmic male sterile Ogura (also called Ogu) Brassica juncea line carrying Ogura cytoplasm by plastid substitution via protoplast fusion. Two cybrids obtained from the fusion experiment, Og1 and Og2, were green and carried the plastid genome of B. juncea cv. RLM198. While Og1 displayed normal flower morphology comparable to that of its euplasmic B. juncea counterpart except for sterile anthers, Og2 retained homeotic-like floral modification of stamens to petal-like structures and several other floral deformities observed in the chlorotic (Ogu) B. juncea cv. RLM198 (or OgRLM). With respect to the mitochondrial genome, Og1 showed 81% genetic similarity to the fertile cultivar RLM while Og2 showed 93% similarity to OgRLM. In spite of recombination and rearrangements in the mitochondrial genomes in the cybrids, expression patterns of 10 out of 11 mitochondrial genes were similar in all the three CMS lines; the only exception was atp6, whose expression was altered. While Og1 showed normal atp6 transcript similar to that in RLM, in Og2 and OgRLM weak expression of a longer transcript was detected. These results suggest that the homeotic-like changes in floral patterning leading to petaloid stamens in Og2 and OgRLM may be associated with aberrant mitochondrial gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Meur
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
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Sharma TR, Madhav MS, Singh BK, Shanker P, Jana TK, Dalal V, Pandit A, Singh A, Gaikwad K, Upreti HC, Singh NK. High-resolution mapping, cloning and molecular characterization of the Pi-k ( h ) gene of rice, which confers resistance to Magnaporthe grisea. Mol Genet Genomics 2005; 274:569-78. [PMID: 16228246 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-005-0035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2005] [Accepted: 06/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the gene-for-gene type of pathogen resistance, high-resolution genetic and physical mapping of resistance loci is required to facilitate map-based cloning of resistance genes. Here, we report the molecular mapping and cloning of a dominant gene (Pi-k ( h )) present in the rice line Tetep, which is associated with resistance to rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea. This gene is effective against M. grisea populations prevalent in the Northwestern Himalayan region of India. Using 178 sequence tagged microsatellite, sequence-tagged site, expressed sequence tag and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to genotype a population of 208 F(2) individuals, we mapped the Pi-k ( h ) gene between two SSR markers (TRS26 and TRS33) which are 0.7 and 0.5 cM away, respectively, and can be used in marker-assisted-selection for blast-resistant rice cultivars. We used the markers to identify the homologous region in the genomic sequence of Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare, and a physical map consisting of two overlapping bacterial artificial chromosome and P1 artificial chromosome clones was assembled, spanning a region of 143,537 bp on the long arm of chromosome 11. Using bioinformatic analyses, we then identified a candidate blast-resistance gene in the region, and cloned the homologous sequence from Tetep. The putative Pi-k ( h ) gene cloned from Tetep is 1.5 kbp long with a single ORF, and belongs to the nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat class of disease resistance genes. Structural and expression analysis of the Pi-k ( h ) gene revealed that its expression is pathogen inducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Sharma
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
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Baldev A, Gaikwad K, Kirti PB, Mohapatra T, Prakash S, Chopra VL. Recombination between chloroplast genomes of Trachystoma ballii and Brassica juncea following protoplast fusion. Mol Gen Genet 1998; 260:357-61. [PMID: 9870700 DOI: 10.1007/s004380050904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We document here the presence of a recombinant plastome in a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line of Brassica juncea developed from the somatic hybrid Trachystoma ballii + B. juncea. Restriction endonuclease digestion of the chloroplast (cp) DNA has revealed that the recombinant plastome gives rise to novel fragments in addition to the parent-specific fragments. Analysis of the 16S rRNA region by Southern hybridization shows no variation between B. juncea, T. ballii and the CMS line. The rbcL gene region of the recombinant plastome is identical to that in T. ballii. Analysis with probes for psbA and psbD using single and double DNA digests indicates that the hybridization patterns of the recombinant plastome are identical to those of the parents in digests obtained with some restriction enzymes, while novel bands hybridize to probes in other digests. In the psbA region, a B. juncea-specific PstI site and a T. ballii-specific EcoRI site are found in the recombinant plastome. The pshD region of the recombinant plastome contains a B. juncea-specific HindIII site and T. ballii-specific BamHI and HpaII sites. These results indicate the occurrence of intergenomic recombination between the chloroplasts of T. ballii and B. juncea in the somatic hybrid from which the CMS line was developed. The recombined plastome appears to be a mosaic of fragments specific to both parents and the recombination event has occurred in the single-copy regions. These recombinational events have not caused any imbalance in the recombinant plastome in terms of chloroplast-related functions, which have remained stable over generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baldev
- National Research Centre for Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
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