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Rahman M, Leroux BG, McKinney CM, Kapp-Simon KA, Edwards T, Jones SM, Rosenberg JM, Patrick D, Daniels K, Stueckle L, Heike CL. Observations by Caregivers Using the Infant with Clefts Observation Outcomes Instrument (iCOO): A Comparison of Three Versus Seven-day Daily Diaries. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2023:10556656231175290. [PMID: 37186767 DOI: 10.1177/10556656231175290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our goal was to compare data collected from 3- and 7-day Infant with Clefts Observation Outcomes (iCOO) diaries. DESIGN Secondary data analysis of an observational longitudinal cohort study. Caregivers completed the daily iCOO for 7 days before cleft lip surgery (T0) and for 7 days after cleft lip repair (T1). We compared 3- and 7-day diaries collected at T0 and 3- and 7-day diaries collected at T1. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS Primary caregivers of infants with cleft lip with and without cleft palate (N = 131) planning lip repair and enrolled in original iCOO study. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURE(S) Mean differences and Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS Correlation coefficients were high for global impressions (>0.90) and scaled scores (0.80-0.98). Mean differences were small across iCOO domains at T0. T1 comparisons reflected the same pattern. CONCLUSIONS Three-day diary data is comparable to 7-day diaries for measuring caregiver observations using iCOO across T0 and T1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rahman
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carrie L Heike
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Daniels K, Frequin STFM, van de Garde EMW, Biesma DH, van der Wees PJ, van der Nat PB, Ben-Zacharia AB, Cohen E, Gonçalves PJC, Kragt JJ, Hynes SM, Marron FE. Development of an international, multidisciplinary, patient-centered Standard Outcome Set for Multiple Sclerosis: The S.O.S.MS project. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 69:104461. [PMID: 36563595 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, outcomes of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are not standardized and it is unclear which outcomes matter most to people living with MS. A consensus between patients and healthcare professionals on which outcomes to measure and how, would facilitate a move towards value-based MS care. OBJECTIVE to develop an internationally accepted, patient-relevant Standard Outcome Set for MS (S.O.S.MS). METHODS A mixed-method design was used, including a systematic literature review, four patient focus groups (n=30) and a RAND-modified Delphi process with seventeen MS experts of five disciplines from seven countries (the Netherlands, United States of America, Portugal, Ireland, India, New Zealand, Switzerland and Turkey). RESULTS A standard outcome set for MS was defined, consisting of fourteen outcomes divided in four domains: disease activity (n=3), symptoms (n=4), functional status (n=6), and quality of life (n=1). For each outcome, an outcome measure was selected and the measurement protocol was defined. In addition, seven case-mix variables were selected. CONCLUSION This standard outcome set provides a guideline for measuring outcomes of MS in clinical practice and research. Using this set to monitor and (inter)nationally benchmark real-world outcomes of MS can support improvement of patient value and ultimately guide the transition towards value-based MS care.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Daniels
- Department of Value-Based Healthcare, St. Antonius Hospital, Utrecht/Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Scientific Center for Quality of Healthcare (IQ healthcare), the Netherlands.
| | - S T F M Frequin
- Department of Neurology, St. Antonius Hospital, Utrecht/Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - E M W van de Garde
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St. Antonius Hospital, Utrecht/Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D H Biesma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - P J van der Wees
- Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Scientific Center for Quality of Healthcare (IQ healthcare), the Netherlands
| | - P B van der Nat
- Department of Value-Based Healthcare, St. Antonius Hospital, Utrecht/Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Scientific Center for Quality of Healthcare (IQ healthcare), the Netherlands
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Steinmann G, Daniels K, Mieris F, Delnoij D, van de Bovenkamp H, van der Nat P. Redesigning value-based hospital structures: a qualitative study on value-based health care in the Netherlands. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1193. [PMID: 36138382 PMCID: PMC9502905 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A crucial component of value-based health care concerns the redesign of organizational structures. In theory, hospital structures should follow value creation: addressing medical conditions for specific groups of patients over full cycles of care. In practice, however, it remains unclear how hospitals can reorganize themselves into value-based structures. The purpose of this study is to explore the ways in which Dutch hospitals are currently implementing and pursuing value-based redesign. Methods This qualitative exploratory study used semi-structured interviews and a focus group for data collection. Transcripts were analyzed through deductive coding, for which we used Mintzberg’s theory on organizational structures, particularly his work on design parameters. Results In their efforts to create more value-based structures, Dutch hospitals often employ a variety of liaison devices, such as project teams and committees. By contrast, the actual formation of units around medical conditions is much rarer. Outcome data are widely used within planning and control systems, and some hospitals partake in external benchmarking. Not all hospitals use cost indicators for monitoring performance. Conclusions Value-based redesign is not necessarily a matter of radical changes or binary choices. Instead, as Dutch hospitals show, it can be an incremental process, with a variety of potential knobs to turn to various degrees. Health care executives, managers, and professionals thus have a wide range of options when they aim for more value-based structures. Our conceptualization of “value-based design parameters” can help guide the selection and implementation of strategies and mechanisms for further coordination around medical conditions over full cycles of care. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-08564-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs Steinmann
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, Rotterdam, 3000 DR, The Netherlands.
| | - K Daniels
- Department of Value-Based Healthcare, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Scientific Center for Quality of Healthcare (IQ Healthcare), Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Mieris
- Department of Value-Based Healthcare, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Delnoij
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, Rotterdam, 3000 DR, The Netherlands.,National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland), Diemen, the Netherlands
| | - Hester van de Bovenkamp
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, Rotterdam, 3000 DR, The Netherlands
| | - Paul van der Nat
- Department of Value-Based Healthcare, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Scientific Center for Quality of Healthcare (IQ Healthcare), Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Keefe RSE, Woods SW, Cannon TD, Ruhrmann S, Mathalon DH, McGuire P, Rosenbrock H, Daniels K, Cotton D, Roy D, Pollentier S, Sand M. A randomized Phase II trial evaluating efficacy, safety, and tolerability of oral BI 409306 in attenuated psychosis syndrome: Design and rationale. Early Interv Psychiatry 2021; 15:1315-1325. [PMID: 33354862 PMCID: PMC8451588 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Attenuated psychosis syndrome (APS), a condition for further study in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5, comprises psychotic symptoms that are qualitatively similar to those observed in schizophrenia but are less severe. Patients with APS are at high risk of converting to first-episode psychosis (FEP). As evidence for effective pharmacological interventions in APS is limited, novel treatments may provide symptomatic relief and delay/prevent psychotic conversion. This trial aims to investigate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of BI 409306, a potent and selective phosphodiesterase-9 inhibitor, versus placebo in APS. Novel biomarkers of psychosis are being investigated. METHODS In this Phase II, multinational, double-blind, parallel-group trial, randomized (1:1) patients will receive BI 409306 50 mg or placebo twice daily for 52 weeks. Patients (n = 300) will be enrolled to determine time to remission of APS, time to FEP, change in everyday functional capacity (Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale), and change from baseline in Brief Assessment of Cognition composite score and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores. Potential biomarkers of psychosis under investigation include functional measures of brain activity and automated speech analyses. Safety is being assessed throughout. CONCLUSIONS This trial will determine whether BI 409306 is superior to placebo in achieving sustainable remission of APS and improvements in cognition and functional capacity. These advances may provide evidence-based treatment options for symptomatic relief in APS. Furthermore, the study will assess the effect of BI 409306 on psychotic conversion and explore the identification of patients at risk for conversion using novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S. E. Keefe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- VeraSciDurhamNCUSA
| | - Scott W. Woods
- Department of PsychiatryYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Tyrone D. Cannon
- Department of PsychiatryYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Department of PsychologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Stephan Ruhrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Daniel H. Mathalon
- Department of PsychologyUCSF School of MedicineSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Kristen Daniels
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc.RidgefieldConnecticutUSA
| | - Daniel Cotton
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc.RidgefieldConnecticutUSA
| | - Dooti Roy
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc.RidgefieldConnecticutUSA
| | | | - Michael Sand
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc.RidgefieldConnecticutUSA
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Hughes D, Dailianis AE, Hill L, Curiale MS, Gangar V, Arnold D, Barrat C, Baxter T, Bell J, Brooks R, Bryant D, Burke K, Burnie A, Cliffard D, Danisavich T, Daniels K, Deiss K, D’Onorio A, Faucher K, Finkenbiner D, Gasanov U, Gebler J, Gerry A, Graham D, Graham T, Harris P, Hetrick S, Jurgens J, Keating KJ, Klokman R, Le C, Matrozza M, McCarthy R, McCawley C, Munyard S, Pye V, Rajkowski K, Ristov K, Rosinko J, Schneider K, Schubert MJ, Sloan E, Souter, Wilson M, Zuroski K. Salmonella in Foods: New Enrichment Procedure for TECRA Salmonella Visual Immunoassay Using a Single RV(R10) Only, TT Only, or Dual RV(R10) and TT Selective Enrichment Broths (AOAC Official Method 998.09): Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/86.4.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted to compare a new enrichment procedure for the TECRA® Salmonella Visual Immunoassay (TSVIA) with the reference method given in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (7th Ed.). Three food types (milk powder, pepper, and soy flour) were analyzed in Australia and 3 food types (milk chocolate, dried egg, and raw turkey) were analyzed in the United States. Thirty-eight collaborators participated in the study. The TECRA method was evaluated using both Rappaport-Vassiliadis R10 (RV(R10)) and tetrathionate (TT) broths for selective enrichment. M broth cultures arising from each of the 2 selective enrichment broths were tested in the TSVIA using 2 individual wells, one for each selective broth, and a single well to test the pooled selective enrichment broths. The results for the pooled enrichment broths were reported elsewhere. This study presents the results for the use of single enrichment broths, i.e., RV(R10) only or TT only, with the TSVIA. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed for the pairwise comparison of the proportion of positive samples for either RV(R10) or TT used as a single enrichment broth for the TSVIA with that for the reference method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Hughes
- TECRA International, 13 Rodborough Rd, Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086, Australia
| | - Angela E Dailianis
- TECRA International, 13 Rodborough Rd, Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086, Australia
| | - Louise Hill
- TECRA International, 13 Rodborough Rd, Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086, Australia
| | - Michael S Curiale
- Silliker Laboratories Group, Research Services, Halsted St, Chicago Heights, IL 60430
| | - Vidhya Gangar
- Silliker Laboratories Group, Research Services, Halsted St, Chicago Heights, IL 60430
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Widmer W, Brause A, Coppola E, Daniels K, Feicht R, Hendricks S, Kirksey ST, Kline LL, Krueger D, Martin SF, Matos J, Metcalf L, Nolan S, Smith C, Smith R, Trama T. Determination of Naringin and Neohesperidin in Orange Juice by Liquid Chromatography with UV Detection to Detect the Presence of Grapefruit Juice: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/83.5.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Fifteen collaborating laboratories were sent 9 samples of citrus juice mixtures as blind duplicates for determination of naringin and neohesperidin by liquid chromatography. Two sample pairs were 100% orange juice and did not contain any naringin or neohesperidin. The remaining 7 sample pairs contained naringin at levels ranging from 3.9 to 46.5 ppm and neohesperidin at levels ranging from 0.14 to 35.6 ppm. Five sample pairs consisted of orange juice mixtures containing 1, 3, and 5% grapefruit juice; 5% sour orange; and 5% K-Early citrus variety. Two sample pairs were orange juice spiked with naringin, neohesperidin, sodium benzoate, and potassium sorbate. Data were received from 13 laboratories. Data from 1 collaborator were eliminated because the method protocol was not followed. Neohesperidin values from another laboratory were also not used because of problems with a coeluting component. Repeatability relative standard deviations ranged from 2.95 to 15.23% for naringin and from 3.00 to 11.74% for neohesperidin. Reproducibility relative standard deviations ranged from 11.34 to 31.94% for naringin and from 10.45 to 26.17% for neohesperidin. The method is reliable for detecting the presence of grapefruit juice in orange juice as indicated by a finding of ≥10 ppm naringin and ≤2 ppm neohesperidin. The method was adopted First Action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbur Widmer
- Florida Department of Citrus, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
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Brown D, Nakagome K, Cordes J, Brenner R, Gründer G, Keefe RSE, Riesenberg R, Walling DP, Daniels K, Wang L, McGinniss J, Sand M. Evaluation of the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of BI 409306, a Novel Phosphodiesterase 9 Inhibitor, in Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II Trial. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:350-359. [PMID: 29718385 PMCID: PMC6403090 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia may benefit from treatments targeting dysfunctional glutamatergic neurotransmission. BI 409306, a potent and selective phosphodiesterase 9 inhibitor, was assessed in patients with schizophrenia using a learn-and-confirm adaptive trial design. METHODS This double-blind, parallel-group trial randomized patients 2:1:1:1:1 to once-daily placebo or BI 409306 (10, 25, 50, or 100 mg) for 12 weeks. Stage 1 (learn) assessed change from baseline in Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) scores (week 12) to identify ≥1 meaningful endpoints for stage 2 (confirm). If no domains showed efficacy, change from baseline in Measurements and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) composite scores (week 12) was the primary endpoint. The key secondary endpoint was change from baseline in Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS) total score. Safety was monitored. RESULTS Five hundred eighteen patients were randomized. In stage 1, CANTAB did not differentiate between BI 409306 and placebo (n = 120), so the primary endpoint of change from baseline in MCCB composite score was analyzed in 450 patients in stage 2. There was no significant difference between BI 409306 (1.2-2.8) and placebo (2.5) in MCCB composite score change. BI 409306 did not significantly improve change from baseline in SCoRS total score (-3.1 to -2.0) vs placebo (-2.5). Adverse events were dose-dependent, increasing from 33.3% (10 mg) to 53.5% (100 mg), vs 36.4% for placebo. CONCLUSION The primary endpoint of cognitive function improvement was not met. BI 409306 was well-tolerated, with an acceptable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Brown
- Community Clinical Research, Inc, Austin, TX
| | - Kazuyuki Nakagome
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Joachim Cordes
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Gründer
- Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Clinical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Richard S E Keefe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | | | | | | | - Lara Wang
- Boehringer Ingelheim Taiwan Limited, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Michael Sand
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT
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Brown D, Daniels K, Pichereau S, Sand M. A Phase IC Study Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Cognitive Outcomes of BI 409306 in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Schizophrenia. Neurol Ther 2018; 7:129-139. [PMID: 29177699 PMCID: PMC5990500 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-017-0085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study investigated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and cognitive outcomes of BI 409306-a selective phosphodiesterase 9A (PDE9A) inhibitor-in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS Patients with mild-to-moderate schizophrenia were randomized (1:1:1:1) to receive BI 409306 at 25, 50, or 100 mg or placebo once daily over 14 days. The primary endpoints were safety and tolerability; the secondary endpoints were PK and cognitive outcomes. RESULTS Of the 40 randomized patients, 38 (95%) completed the study. Patients were predominantly male (87.5%; mean age, 40.2 years). After a single dose, C max was reached within 30-45 min. The geometric mean (gMean) C max and AUC0-∞ ranged from 138 to 998 nmol/L and 217 to 2020 nmol∙h/L, respectively. Elimination was rapid (gMean t 1/2 range 1.10-1.85 h). After multiple doses, C max,ss was reached within 1 h; elimination was similar to that observed after a single dose. Total exposure at steady state and after a single dose were similar (accumulation ratio range: AUC, 0.758-1.13 and Cmax, 0.768-1.40). No deaths, adverse events (AEs) leading to discontinuation, or serious AEs were observed. Treatment-emergent AEs were mild, with no apparent dose-related trends. There was no worsening of schizophrenia symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) and no trends in suicidality (Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale). The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) showed no effect on cognitive function. CONCLUSION Administration of BI 409306 in patients with mild-to-moderate schizophrenia resulted in satisfactory safety and tolerability. BI 409306, PK was characterized by rapid absorption, monophasic to biphasic elimination, and minor accumulation with multiple dosing. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01892384. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Brown
- Community Clinical Research, Inc., Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kristen Daniels
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Solen Pichereau
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Michael Sand
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore factors affecting donors' choice of recipients for their surplus embryos in the New Zealand context of conditional, known donations. BACKGROUND Internationally, embryo donation has a low uptake in spite of large numbers of cryopreserved embryos. Possible reasons include a lack of knowledge about and concern for the future welfare of the resultant offspring. In New Zealand, donors and recipients meet prior to donation and legislation supports disclosure and access to genetic knowledge. METHOD Twenty-two embryo donors (10 couples, two individuals) were interviewed between March 2012 and February 2013 about their experiences of donation and factors affecting their donation. Interview data were analysed thematically. RESULTS In the interests of the welfare of the child resulting from donation, donors were invested in choosing recipients who would make suitable parents. They attempted to choose recipients similar to themselves, as well as those that they trusted to disclose the manner of conception and facilitate agreed-upon information exchange and contact. CONCLUSION The interest of donors in ensuring offspring well-being may lend support to conditional forms of open donation, allowing for assessment of recipients' suitability to parent, and for negotiation around information exchange and contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goedeke
- a Department of Psychology , Auckland University of Technology , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - K Daniels
- b School of Social Work and Human Services , University of Canterbury , Christchurch , New Zealand
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Resnick C, Dang R, Henderson L, Zander D, Daniels K, Nigrovic P, Kaban L. Frequency and morbidity of temporomandibular joint involvement in adult patients with a history of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Thrasher J, Daniels K, Patel S, Whetteckey J, Woerle HJ. Efficacy and Safety of Linagliptin in Black/African American Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A 6-month, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study. Endocr Pract 2016; 20:412-20. [PMID: 24326003 DOI: 10.4158/ep13365.or] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although black/African American individuals are disproportionately affected by type 2 diabetes, there is scant clinical trial information available on antidiabetes therapies in this group. We compared linagliptin with placebo in black/African American adults who were treatment-naïve or receiving one oral antidiabetes drug. METHODS Of 226 patients randomized to 24 weeks' linagliptin 5 mg/day or placebo, 208 had baseline and at least one on-treatment glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement. Mean baseline HbA1c was 8.6% in the linagliptin group (n = 98) and 8.68% in the placebo group (n = 110). The primary outcome was change in HbA1c from baseline to week 24. RESULTS By week 24, mean HbA1c changes were -0.84% with linagliptin and -0.25% with placebo (treatment difference, -0.58%; P<.001), and more patients in the linagliptin group achieved HbA1c <7.0% (26.8% vs. 8.3%; P = .001) or an HbA1c reduction ≥0.5% (54.1% vs. 30.0%; P<.001). Mean weight loss was -1.1 kg in both groups. During the treatment period, 8 of 98 linagliptin-group patients and 17 of 110 placebo-group patients required rescue therapy (odds ratio, 0.5; P = .14). For postprandial glucose, values were available for few patients (11 placebo, 10 linagliptin), and thus the between-group difference was associated with wide confidence intervals (CIs) (difference, -1.97 mg/dL; 95% CI, -53.80 to 49.86; P = .94). In the overall study population, a similar proportion of patients in both groups had adverse events (58.5% vs. 61.7%); most events were mild or moderate and considered unrelated to study drug. Investigator-defined hypoglycemia was rare (3 linagliptin-group patients and 1 placebo-group patient), with no severe events (requiring external assistance). CONCLUSION This study confirms that linagliptin is efficacious and well tolerated in black/African American patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen Daniels
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd., Bracknell, United Kingdom
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Hilton G, Daniels K, Goldhaber-Fiebert SN, Lipman S, Carvalho B, Butwick A. Checklists and multidisciplinary team performance during simulated obstetric hemorrhage. Int J Obstet Anesth 2016; 25:9-16. [PMID: 26421705 PMCID: PMC4727983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Checklists can optimize team performance during medical crises. However, there has been limited examination of checklist use during obstetric crises. In this simulation study we exposed multidisciplinary teams to checklist training to evaluate checklist use and team performance during a severe postpartum hemorrhage. METHODS Fourteen multidisciplinary teams participated in a postpartum hemorrhage simulation occurring after vaginal delivery. Before participating, each team received checklist training. The primary study outcome was whether each team used the checklist during the simulation. Secondary outcomes were the times taken to activate our institution-specific massive transfusion protocol and commence red blood cell transfusion, and whether a designated checklist reader was used. RESULTS The majority of teams (12/14 (86%)) used the checklist. Red blood cell transfusion was administered by all teams. The median [IQR] times taken to activate the massive transfusion protocol and transfuse red blood cells were 5min 14s [3:23-6:43] and 14min 40s [12:56-17:28], respectively. A designated checklist reader was used by 7/12 (58%) teams that used the checklist. Among teams that used a checklist with versus without a designated reader, we observed no differences in the times to activate the massive transfusion protocol or to commence red blood cell transfusion (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although checklist training was effective in promoting checklist use, multidisciplinary teams varied in their scope of checklist use during a postpartum hemorrhage simulation. Future studies are required to determine whether structured checklist training can result in more standardized checklist use during a postpartum hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hilton
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - K Daniels
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S N Goldhaber-Fiebert
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S Lipman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - B Carvalho
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A Butwick
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Goedeke S, Daniels K, Thorpe M. Embryo donation and counselling for the welfare of donors, recipients, their families and children. Hum Reprod 2015; 31:412-8. [PMID: 26677957 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION How do counsellors facilitating known 'open' embryo donation (ED) experience their roles and responsibilities? SUMMARY ANSWER Counsellors regard counselling for ED as entailing significant responsibility to ensure that the longer-term implications of the practice are understood and that positive relationships are established that will promote the well-being of donors, recipients, their families and the children involved. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY While counselling is frequently recommended in third-party assisted reproduction, there has been little research into the experiences of counsellors and their perceptions of their roles and responsibilities. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Fertility counsellors were interviewed between March and October 2012 as to their experiences and perceptions of their roles and responsibilities. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Fertility counsellors were recruited from across New Zealand and interviews were conducted with all nine counsellors involved in ED counselling. Interview data were analysed thematically to identify main themes. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Counsellors regard ED as a complex practice with enduring implications arising from the genetic link between donors and offspring, which is seen to bestow immutable social ties. They see their role as the provision of implications counselling and the facilitation of ongoing positive relationships between donors and recipients in an 'open' context. Counsellors express concern about their responsibility for promoting the welfare of all parties--including that of the child--the limitations of counselling, and the conflation of assessment and counselling roles. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Experiences of counselling for ED may change over time as longer-term outcomes become more apparent. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Further consideration needs to be given as to how the welfare principle may best be operationalised in counselling practice, particularly in contexts of 'open' donation. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study was funded by an AUT University Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences research grant. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goedeke
- Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - K Daniels
- School of Social Work and Human Services, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 1, New Zealand
| | - M Thorpe
- Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Goedeke S, Daniels K, Thorpe M, Du Preez E. Building extended families through embryo donation: the experiences of donors and recipients. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:2340-50. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Arnold R, Fletcher D, Daniels K. Demographic differences in sport performers’ experiences of organizational stressors. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:348-58. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Arnold
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences; Loughborough University; Loughborough UK
| | - D. Fletcher
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences; Loughborough University; Loughborough UK
| | - K. Daniels
- School of Business and Economics; Loughborough University; Loughborough UK
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Phan TT, Khan S, Dewhurst M, Lee D, James S, de Belder M, Linker NJ, Thornley A, Turley AJ, Ahmed FZ, Arumugam P, Allen S, Daniels K, Clarke B, Mamas M, James J, Zaidi AM, Ullah W, Hunter R, Lovell M, Dhinoja M, Earley M, Sporton S, Schilling R, Raju H, Hedley P, Arno G, Ware J, Jeffery S, Cook S, Christiansen M, Behr ER, Sohal M, Chen Z, Sammut E, Jackson T, Child N, Wright M, O'Neill M, Cooklin M, Gill J, Carr-White G, Razavi R, Rinaldi CA, Nunn LM, Lopes L, Syrris P, Plagnol V, Firman E, Dalageorgou C, Domingo D, Zorio E, Murday V, Findlay I, Duncan A, Fynn S, White A, Goddard M, Carr-White G, Robert L, Bueser T, Langman C, Bundgaard H, Ferrero-Miliani L, Wheeldon N, O'Beirne A, Suvarna SK, Lowe MD, McKenna WJ, Elliott PM, Lambiase PD. YOUNG INVESTIGATORS COMPETITION, HRC 2013. Europace 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eut313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Van Parys H, Wyverkens E, Provoost V, Ravelingien A, Raes I, Somers S, Stuyver I, De Sutter P, Pennings G, Buysse A, Anttila VS, Salevaara M, Suikkari AM, Listijono DR, Mooney S, Chapman MG, Res Muravec U, Pusica S, Lomsek M, Cizek Sajko M, Parames S, Semiao-Francisco L, Sato H, Ueno J, van den Wijngaard L, Mochtar MH, van Dam H, van der Veen F, van Wely M, Derks-Smeets IAP, Habets JJG, Tibben A, Tjan-Heijnen VCG, Meijer-Hoogeveen M, Geraedts JPM, van Golde R, Gomez-Garcia E, de Die-Smulders CEM, van Osch LADM, Habets JJG, Derks-Smeets IAP, Tibben A, Tjan-Heijnen VCG, Geraedts JPM, van Golde R, Gomez-Garcia E, Kets CM, de Die-Smulders CEM, van Osch LADM, Gullo S, Donarelli Z, Coco GL, Marino A, Volpes A, Sammartano F, Allegra A, Nekkebroeck J, Tournaye H, Stoop D, Donarelli Z, Lo Coco G, Gullo S, Marino A, Volpes A, Coffaro F, Allegra A, Diaz DG, Gonzalez MA, Tirado M, Chamorro S, Dolz P, Gil MA, Ballesteros A, Velilla E, Castello C, Moina N, Lopez-Teijon M, Chan CHY, Chan CLW, Leong MKH, Cheung IKM, Chan THY, Hui BNL, van Dongen AJCM, Huppelschoten AG, Kremer JAM, Nelen WLDM, Verhaak CM, Sun HG, Lee KH, Park IH, Kim SG, Lee JH, Kim YY, Kim HJ, Cho JD, Yoo YJ, Frokjaer V, Pinborg A, Larsen EC, Heede M, Stenbaek DS, Henningsson S, Nielsen AP, Svarer C, Holst KK, Knudsen GM, Emery M, DeJonckheere L, Rothen S, Wisard M, Germond M, Stenbaek DS, Toftager M, Hjordt LV, Jensen PS, Holst K, Holland T, Bryndorf T, Bogstad J, Hornnes P, Frokjaer VG, Dornelles LMN, MacCallum F, Lopes RCS, Piccinini CA, Passos EP, Bruegge C, Thorn P, Daniels K, Imrie S, Jadva V, Golombok S, Arens Y, De Krom G, Van Golde RJT, Coonen E, Van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA, Meijer-Hoogeveen M, Evers JLH, Geraedts JPM, De Die-Smulders CEM, Ghazeeri G, Awwad J, Fakih A, Abbas H, Harajly S, Tawidian L, Maalouf F, Ajdukovic D, Pibernik-Okanovic M, Alebic MS, Baccino G, Calatayud C, Ricciarelli E, de Miguel ERH, Stuyver I, Wierckx K, Verstraelen H, Van Glabeke L, Van den Abbeel E, Gerris J, T'Sjoen G, De Sutter P, Monica B, Calonge RN, Peregrin PC, Cserepes R, Kollar J, Wischmann T, Bugan A, Pinkard C, Harrison C, Bunting L, Boivin J, Fulford B, Boivin J, Theusink-Kirchhoff N, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA, Bakker MK, Volks C, Papaligoura Z, Papadatou D, Bellali TH, Thorn P, Wischmann T, Wischmann T, Thorn P, Jarvholm S, Broberg M, Thurin-Kjellberg A, Weitzman G, Van Der Putten-Landau TM, Chudnoff S, Panagopoulou E, Tarlatzis B, Tamhankar V, Jones GL, Magill P, Skull JD, Ledger W, Hvidman HW, Specht IO, Pinborg A, Schmidt KT, Larsen EC, Andersen AN, Freeman T, Zadeh S, Smith V, Golombok S, Whitaker LHR, Reid J, Wilson J, Critchley HOD, Horne AW, Zadeh S, Freeman T, Smith V, Golombok S, Peterson B, Pirritano M, Schmidt L, Volgsten H, Wyverkens E, Van Parys H, Provoost V, Ravelingien A, Raes I, Somers S, Stuyver I, Pennings G, De Sutter P, Buysse A, Hudson N, Culley L, Law C, Denny E, Mitchell H, Baumgarten M, Raine-Fenning N, Blake L, Jadva V, Golombok S, Lee KH, Sun HG, Park IH, Kim SG, Lee JH, Kim YY, Kim HJ, Kim KH. Psychology and counselling. Hum Reprod 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/det218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Thrasher J, Daniels K, Patel S, Whetteckey J. Black/African American patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: study design and baseline patient characteristics from a randomized clinical trial of linagliptin. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012; 13:2443-52. [PMID: 23134211 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2012.740459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the United States, black/African American individuals are more likely than whites to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and have higher rates of complications, but are under-represented in clinical trials. The design of a trial comparing the efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin 5 mg/day with placebo in this patient group, and the characteristics of the patients enrolled are reported. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This United States, multicenter, 24-week, randomized, double-blind study enrolled adults with T2DM who self-reported their race as black or African American, were receiving ≤ 1 oral antidiabetes drug, had a body mass index ≤ 45 kg/m(2) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) of 7.5 - 11% at screening. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary efficacy endpoint is the change of HbA(1c) from baseline to week 24. BASELINE DATA A total of 226 patients were randomized and received ≥ 1 study drug dose. The mean age was 54 years (standard deviation: 9.9 years), and 54% were men. The mean HbA(1c) was 8.75% (standard deviation: 1.10%). Approximately half the patients (52%) had mild or moderate renal impairment and the majority (72%) had hypertension. CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, this is the first trial of any oral antidiabetes drug specifically conducted in black/African American patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Thrasher
- Medical Investigations, Inc., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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19
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Kramer W, Daniels K, Perez-y-Perez M. Semen donors who are open to contact with their offspring. Fertil Steril 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.07.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Kindelberger D, Daniels K, Kantoff E, Atkinson T, Liu J, Campos SM, Berlin ST, Cibas E, Matulonis U. Predictive value of circulating tumor cells for response to therapy in women with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.5111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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21
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Blumenfeld YJ, Caughey AB, El-Sayed YY, Daniels K, Lyell DJ. Single- versus double-layer hysterotomy closure at primary caesarean delivery and bladder adhesions. BJOG 2010; 117:690-4. [PMID: 20236104 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02529.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between single-layer (one running suture) and double-layer (second layer or imbricating suture) hysterotomy closure at primary caesarean delivery and subsequent adhesion formation. DESIGN A secondary analysis from a prospective cohort study of women undergoing first repeat caesarean section. SETTING Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. POPULATION One hundred and twenty-seven pregnant women undergoing first repeat caesarean section. METHODS Patient records were reviewed to identify whether primary caesarean hysterotomies were closed with a single or double layer. Data were analysed by Fisher's exact tests and multivariable logistic regression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Prevalence rate of pelvic and abdominal adhesions. RESULTS Of the 127 women, primary hysterotomy closure was single layer in 56 and double layer in 71. Single-layer hysterotomy closure was associated with bladder adhesions at the time of repeat caesarean (24% versus 7%, P = 0.01). Single-layer closure was associated in this study with a seven-fold increase in the odds of developing bladder adhesions (odds ratio, 6.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.72-28.1), regardless of other surgical techniques, previous labour, infection and age over 35 years. There was no association between single-layer closure and other pelvic or abdominal adhesions. CONCLUSIONS Primary single-layer hysterotomy closure may be associated with more frequent bladder adhesions during repeat caesarean deliveries. The severity and clinical implications of these adhesions should be assessed in large prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Blumenfeld
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Daniels K, Thorn P, Westerbrooke R. Confidence in the use of donor insemination: an evaluation of the impact of participating in a group preparation programme. HUM FERTIL 2009; 10:13-20. [PMID: 17454204 DOI: 10.1080/14647270600973035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper argues that infertility can result in a range of negative emotional reactions, including a lack of confidence. This is more marked when donor insemination (DI) is used because of the additional shame this is associated with. Parents who do not feel confident may be less likely to share information about their use of DI with others and their child. Legislation in several countries has been introduced to abolish donor anonymity, but this has does not necessarily have an impact on parental confidence. In order to evaluate whether educational preparation programmes can impact on parental confidence and their intention to share information about DI, the confidence levels of 60 participants of three seminars were examined at three different points in time: before, immediately after and several months after attending the programme. Results indicate that most participants' confidence increased markedly as a result of attending an educational seminar. Furthermore, this increased confidence also impacted positively on the intention to share information about DI with future children. Both remained high several months after having attended the programme. These results point out that group preparation programmes can enhance levels of confidence, both as treatment is begun and as family building is undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Daniels
- School of Social Work and Human Services, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Thorn P, Katzorke T, Daniels K. Samenspender in Deutschland – liberaler als die Vorgaben des Berufsrechts? Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1185551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Dick J, Clarke M, van Zyl H, Daniels K. Primary health care nurses implement and evaluate a community outreach approach to health care in the South African agricultural sector. Int Nurs Rev 2007; 54:383-90. [PMID: 17958668 DOI: 10.1111/j.1466-7657.2007.00566.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection and effective case management of tuberculosis (TB) among a high-risk group of materially poor farm workers in an area of the Cape Winelands, South Africa, presents special challenges to the health community, where resource constraints lead to service reduction. In order to address this problem, local nurses established a collaborative partnership between permanent farm workers and their families, their employers, selected non-governmental organizations and the public health sector. In consultation with stakeholders, they developed an intervention primarily focusing on having peer selected trained lay health workers (LHWs) on farms, mentored and managed by nurses. PURPOSE To describe the complex process of implementation and evaluation of the LHW project, and provide a summary of a number of discrete studies evaluating the effectiveness, cost implications, and the perceptions and experiences of key stakeholders of the intervention. METHODS Quantitative and qualitative research methods conducted within the context of a pragmatic unblinded community cluster randomized control trial were used. Emphasis was placed on an iterative participatory interaction between the researchers and key stakeholders. RESULTS The intervention contributed to significantly better successful treatment completion rates among adult new smear-positive TB cases. The process implemented proved cost-effective and was pivotal in initiating a community-based social development programme. CONCLUSIONS The use of peer-selected LHWs within a wider programme of integrated care designed to merge technical biomedical approaches to disease management with more holistic social development activities, appears essential to meet the complex health needs in conjunction with public health of the rural poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dick
- Health Systems Research Unit, Medical Research Council of South Africa, Tygerberg, South Africa.
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Thorn P, Daniels K. Pro und Contra Kindesaufklärung nach donogener Insemination - Neuere Entwicklungen und Ergebnisse einer explorativen Studie. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-965582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Katzorke T, Thorn P, Daniels K. Attitudes of semen donors in germany – is it possible to recruit identifiable donors in a society where secrecy prevails? Fertil Steril 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractObjective:We report a rare case of otophyma.Method:A case report of otophyma and a review of the current literature concerning otophyma and the more common rhinophyma, are presented.Results:A 46-year-old male presented with slow growing fleshy growths on both auricles which were excised. A diagnosis of otophyma was made. Although rosacea is more common, otophyma and other ‘phymas’ are thought to be the end stage of the rosacea spectrum of skin disease. However, unlike rhinophyma, otophyma is rarely seen and as a result there is little in the English language literature regarding it. Consequently, the management of otophyma is largely based on previous experiences with rhinophyma.Conclusion:To our knowledge this is the first case report of otophyma in the otolaryngology literature and only the second described in the English language literature. This case demonstrates the difficulties faced in diagnosing this rare condition and our successful management of this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Daniels
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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Putney D, Matura L, Daniels K, Thohan V. 496: Negative impact of nesiritide in combination with inotropic therapy among patients admitted with acute heart failure. J Heart Lung Transplant 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2006.11.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Daniels K, McHugh R. Relative Efficiency of the Case-Control to the Cohort Design in Epidemiology. Biom J 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/bimj.4710320714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Daniels K, Feyles V, Nisker J, Perez-Y-Perez M, Newton C, Parker JA, Tekpetey F, Haase J. Sperm Donation: Implications of Canada’s Assisted Human Reproduction Act 2004 for Recipients, Donors, Health Professionals, and Institutions. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 2006; 28:608-615. [PMID: 16916485 DOI: 10.1016/s1701-2163(16)32199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND On April 22, 2004, the Assisted Human Reproduction Act came into force, prohibiting the purchase of sperm or eggs from donors in Canada. In response to the concerns of medical professionals and some consumers that prohibiting payment would lead to a decline in the number of gamete donors, Health Canada commissioned research on altruistic donor recruitment and recruitment strategies. METHODS Twenty-two studies of sperm donors were located and their findings reviewed. The studies spanned 23 years (1980-2003), were undertaken in a range of countries, and were chosen on the merit of their relevance to the development of recruitment strategies within a policy of altruistic sperm donation. Observations were derived from assessing and comparing the purposes, findings, and implications of the 22 studies. RESULTS Payment for providing sperm was made in all but three studies, although participants in 15 studies indicated clearly that their motivations were primarily altruistic. Observations indicate that men who are more willing to be identified to offspring in the future share demographic characteristics, such as age and parental status, with those who are prepared to donate altruistically. These characteristics appear to be a factor in motivation to donate altruistically. CONCLUSION The studies show that there are men who are prepared to donate sperm without financial payment. The findings suggest that a change is required in the culture of sperm donation, specifically the adoption of a new approach to donor recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Daniels
- Department of Social Work, University of Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - V Feyles
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON
| | - J Nisker
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON
| | - M Perez-Y-Perez
- Department of Social Work, University of Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - C Newton
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON
| | - J A Parker
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON
| | - F Tekpetey
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON
| | - J Haase
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON
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Abstract
The traditional notion that a family is built around and based on blood or genetic ties is challenged when assisted human reproduction utilizing donor gametes is used. A focus on the family--in contrast to the individual--requires from medicine an extension of thinking in which a model that incorporates treating infertility and building a family becomes the norm. Such a model will require that attention is given to the psychological and social needs of the would-be parents, thus enabling them to approach their family building with confidence. This confidence is expected to carry through to their sharing with their offspring the nature of their family building and thus avoid the stigma that leads to secrecy. Research relating to dimensions of family building when donor insemination has been used is reviewed. The impact of professional attitudes, along with the policies adopted by governments concerning access to genetic information for offspring, significantly influences the families built with assistance of donor gametes or embryos. The evolution of professional thinking in this area is reviewed, along with the increasing involvement of governments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Daniels
- Department of Social Work, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Sevene E, Lewin S, Mariano A, Woelk G, Oxman AD, Matinhure S, Cliff J, Fernandes B, Daniels K. System and market failures: the unavailability of magnesium sulphate for the treatment of eclampsia and pre-eclampsia in Mozambique and Zimbabwe. BMJ 2005; 331:765-9. [PMID: 16195297 PMCID: PMC1239984 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.331.7519.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Low cost and effective drugs, such as magnesium sulphate, need to be included in initiatives to improve access to essential medicines in Africa
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sevene
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique
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Daniels K. Regulation and reproductive choice: the New Zealand approach. HUM FERTIL 2005; 8:75-7. [PMID: 16192091 DOI: 10.1080/14647270500030712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The Warnock Report has had a significant impact on regulatory developments in many jurisdictions including New Zealand. While New Zealand has adopted a different system than that in the United Kingdom the objectives are the same, namely to manage in a responsible way, the issues associated with regulation and reproductive choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Daniels
- Department of Social WOrk, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Daniels K, Blyth E, Crawshaw M, Curson R. Short Communication: Previous semen donors and their views regarding the sharing of information with offspring. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:1670-5. [PMID: 15760955 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deh839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The UK government has decided to introduce, from 2005, rules that will allow donor-conceived persons to have access to identifying information concerning their donor. This has led to many concerns regarding future gamete donor recruitment. METHODS Semen donors who had been recruited between 1988 and 2002 were invited to take part in a telephone interview. The interview sought these previous donors' views on issues associated with recruitment, attitudes regarding information sharing and views concerning the offspring. Responses regarding information sharing were compared with their views recorded at the time of recruitment. RESULTS All 32 donors were recruited altruistically. Eighteen (56%) held the same views concerning the provision of identifying information as they did at the time of recruitment. Of those who had changed their views, eight (25%) expressed a willingness to be more open and four (12%) now wished to be anonymous having previously been unsure. Half of the donors would still have donated if they had been required to be identified to offspring, one-quarter would not have and one-quarter were undecided, although the majority of these said they may have donated under an open system. CONCLUSION The study shows that it is possible to recruit identifiable donors at this clinic and this suggests that it may be possible for other clinics to do likewise.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Daniels
- Department of Social Work, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A major concern in relation to donor insemination (DI) is whether children should be told about their genetic origins. This study compared the thoughts, feelings and experiences of DI parents who were inclined towards openness with those who were inclined towards non-disclosure. METHODS Forty-six families with a 4- to 8-year-old DI-conceived child were interviewed about their decision, their reasons and subsequent concerns regarding disclosure. RESULTS Thirty-nine percent of parents were inclined towards disclosure whilst the remaining 61% were not. The two main reasons for favouring disclosure were to avoid accidental discovery and a desire for openness. Non-disclosing parents felt that there was no reason to tell and wished to protect family members. The children who had been told reacted with either curiosity or disinterest. CONCLUSIONS In spite of donor anonymity, parents who were intending to tell their child in the future had optimistic expectations of their child's reaction. Parents who had already told their child generally described the telling experience as a positive one.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lycett
- Family and Child Psychology Research Centre, City University, Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0HB, UK.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1985 the Swedish government introduced legislation that required all semen providers to furnish identifying information on themselves which would then be made available to their biological/provider offspring when they are deemed to have 'sufficient maturity'. The purpose of the legislation was to protect the child's rights and needs. The aim of this paper is to examine the degree to which semen providers have considered the implications of their decision to donate upon their three families; their birth family, the family they form with their partner, and the recipient family. METHODS Thirty semen providers from two Swedish clinics were sent self-completion questionnaires collecting both quantitative and qualitative information. The initial response rate was 100%. Questions requested demographic information; the degree to which semen providers had consulted with or advised their partners, family, existing offspring and acquaintances about their semen donation; views and attitudes of semen providers towards donor offspring, anonymity, information sharing, payments to semen providers, community acceptance of DI and semen providers, experience of donation, recruitment/screening procedures. RESULTS Almost all respondents had told their partners that they were providing semen, however, a much smaller proportion had told their birth families. Almost two thirds of semen providers were positive or very positive about the prospect of meeting their offspring at some time in the future, with older men expressing more enthusiasm. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that semen providers have only partially considered and addressed the full implications of having semen provider offspring. The age of semen providers could be influential in determining some attitudes and views.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Daniels
- Department of Social Work, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, UK
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Abstract
AIMS To examine the ranking of workers in 15 European countries with respect to the extent that work is perceived to influence occupational stress. METHODS International interviewer administered cross-sectional survey. Control variables included demographics, perceived job conditions, and job satisfaction. A sample of working adults (n = 11 054) from 15 European countries were studied. RESULTS In three statistical models, the British sample ranked in the lower half of the distribution, where higher rankings indicated greater perceived risk of occupational stress. The Greek sample was ranked first in all models, and the Irish sample ranked last in all models. CONCLUSIONS Since there is sociocultural variation in the perceived risk from occupational stress, it is possible that sociocultural factors influence the accuracy of national monitoring systems and the success of occupational health policy in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Daniels
- Business School, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Legislation in Sweden requires that semen providers are prepared to be identified to offspring (at maturity) should this be requested. This study presents views of semen providers in Sweden regarding factors associated with their recruitment and motivation. METHODS All semen providers (n = 30) in two clinics in different parts of Sweden participated in a questionnaire survey and both quantitative and qualitative data are reported. RESULTS While there were some important demographic differences between the two clinic populations, there was total agreement that the desire to assist infertile couples was the sole or main motivating factor in becoming a semen provider. Monetary reward was not reported by respondents to be an important motivator, although at least 50% of the providers in both clinics thought that payment should be made and reimbursement of expenses was reported as being important. Men responded to both advertising and personal experiences or contacts they had with infertile couples. The involvement and support of the semen provider's partner was regarded as important. CONCLUSIONS Semen providers can be recruited within a system that requires them to be prepared to be identified to offspring in the future. The characteristics of such providers vary, but are typified by a strong desire to assist infertile couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lalos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
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Zelenko MA, Huffman LC, Brown BW, Daniels K, Lock J, Kennedy Q, Steiner H. The Child Abuse Potential Inventory and pregnancy outcome in expectant adolescent mothers. Child Abuse Negl 2001; 25:1481-1495. [PMID: 11766012 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2134(01)00284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study explores the prenatal Child Abuse Potential (pCAP) scores derived from the Child Abuse Potential Inventory administered to expectant adolescent mothers. The aim of the study was to assess the association of the pCAP scores with maternal negative prenatal behaviors, and evaluate the contribution of the pCAP scores to neonatal morbidity. METHOD The pCAP scores, demographic data, and self-report on prenatal behaviors were obtained during the second half of the pregnancy in a sample of 45 poor single adolescent mothers. A pediatrician blind to the prenatal data reviewed the neonatal records to assess neonatal morbidity. Maternal prenatal records were reviewed for obstetric risk assessment by an obstetrician who was blind to the rest of the data. The relations among the pCAP scores, prenatal behaviors, and neonatal morbidity were analyzed. RESULTS In the prenatal period, the pCAP scores were positively correlated with self-reported prenatal smoking and substance use. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the pCAP scores significantly contributed to neonatal morbidity independently of obstetric risk factors. CONCLUSIONS The Child Abuse Potential scores obtained during pregnancy in poor single adolescent mothers reflect domains of maternal functioning that are associated with negative prenatal behaviors and appear to be important for predicting neonatal morbidity. Further studies are warranted to validate the prenatal use of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Zelenko
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the risk of frequent and severe hypoglycemia and the associated demographic and clinical risk factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Demographic and diabetes self-management factors were measured in 415 subjects followed prospectively for 4-6.5 years of type 1 diabetes duration as participants in a population-based incident cohort. Blood samples were collected up to three times yearly to test glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) levels. Reports of frequent (2-4 times/week) and severe (lost consciousness) hypoglycemia as well as other diabetes self-management data were collected by questionnaires. RESULTS Frequent hypoglycemia was common (33 and 35% of participants reported this on the 4- and 6.5-year questionnaires, respectively), whereas severe hypoglycemia occurred much less often. Better glycemic control (odds ratio [OR] 1.3 per 2% decrease in GHb, 95% CI 1.1-1.5) and more frequent self-monitored blood glucose (1.5 per blood glucose check, 1.3-1.7) were independently related to frequent hypoglycemia. The association of frequent hypoglycemia with intensive insulin therapy increased with age. Better glycemic control (1.5 per 2% decrease in GHb, 1.2-2.0) and older age were related to severe hypoglycemic reactions. No sociodemographic factors other than age increased the risk of hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS Frequent hypoglycemia was common in a population representing the full range of glycemic control in the community. Intensive insulin management and blood glucose monitoring independently predicted frequent but not severe hypoglycemia. This information may be useful for updating patients such that minor changes in diabetes management might decrease the daily burden of this condition while maintaining intensive insulin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Allen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
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Srikantha T, Tsai L, Daniels K, Klar AJ, Soll DR. The histone deacetylase genes HDA1 and RPD3 play distinct roles in regulation of high-frequency phenotypic switching in Candida albicans. J Bacteriol 2001; 183:4614-25. [PMID: 11443097 PMCID: PMC95357 DOI: 10.1128/jb.183.15.4614-4625.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Five histone deacetylase genes (HDA1, RPD3, HOS1, HOS2, and HOS3) have been cloned from Candida albicans and characterized. Sequence analysis and comparison with 17 additional deacetylases resulted in a phylogenetic tree composed of three major groups. Transcription of the deacetylases HDA1 and RPD3 is down-regulated in the opaque phase of the white-opaque transition in strain WO-1. HOS3 is selectively transcribed as a 2.5-kb transcript in the white phase and as a less-abundant 2.3-kb transcript in the opaque phase. HDA1 and RPD3 were independently deleted in strain WO-1, and both switching between the white and opaque phases and the downstream regulation of phase-specific genes were analyzed. Deletion of HDA1 resulted in an increase in the frequency of switching from the white phase to the opaque phase, but had no effect on the frequency of switching from the opaque phase to the white phase. Deletion of RPD3 resulted in an increase in the frequency of switching in both directions. Deletion of HDA1 resulted in reduced white-phase-specific expression of the EFG1 3.2-kb transcript, but had no significant effect on white-phase-specific expression of WH11 or opaque-phase-specific expression of OP4, SAP1, and SAP3. Deletion of RPD3 resulted in reduced opaque-phase-specific expression of OP4, SAP1, and SAP3 and a slight reduction of white-phase-specific expression of WH11 and 3.2-kb EFG1. Deletion of neither HDA1 nor RPD3 affected the high level of white-phase expression and the low level of opaque-phase expression of the MADS box protein gene MCM1, which has been implicated in the regulation of opaque-phase-specific gene expression. In addition, there was no effect on the phase-regulated levels of expression of the other deacetylase genes. These results demonstrate that the two deacetylase genes HDA1 and RPD3 play distinct roles in the suppression of switching, that the two play distinct and selective roles in the regulation of phase-specific genes, and that the deacetylases are in turn regulated by switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Srikantha
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Daniels K. Rewarding dementia nurses. Nurs Times 2001; 97:40-1. [PMID: 11958104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Wessels DJ, Zhang H, Reynolds J, Daniels K, Heid P, Lu S, Kuspa A, Shaulsky G, Loomis WF, Soll DR. The internal phosphodiesterase RegA is essential for the suppression of lateral pseudopods during Dictyostelium chemotaxis. Mol Biol Cell 2000; 11:2803-20. [PMID: 10930471 PMCID: PMC14957 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.11.8.2803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dictyostelium strains in which the gene encoding the cytoplasmic cAMP phosphodiesterase RegA is inactivated form small aggregates. This defect was corrected by introducing copies of the wild-type regA gene, indicating that the defect was solely the consequence of the loss of the phosphodiesterase. Using a computer-assisted motion analysis system, regA(-) mutant cells were found to show little sense of direction during aggregation. When labeled wild-type cells were followed in a field of aggregating regA(-) cells, they also failed to move in an orderly direction, indicating that signaling was impaired in mutant cell cultures. However, when labeled regA(-) cells were followed in a field of aggregating wild-type cells, they again failed to move in an orderly manner, primarily in the deduced fronts of waves, indicating that the chemotactic response was also impaired. Since wild-type cells must assess both the increasing spatial gradient and the increasing temporal gradient of cAMP in the front of a natural wave, the behavior of regA(-) cells was motion analyzed first in simulated temporal waves in the absence of spatial gradients and then was analyzed in spatial gradients in the absence of temporal waves. Our results demonstrate that RegA is involved neither in assessing the direction of a spatial gradient of cAMP nor in distinguishing between increasing and decreasing temporal gradients of cAMP. However, RegA is essential for specifically suppressing lateral pseudopod formation during the response to an increasing temporal gradient of cAMP, a necessary component of natural chemotaxis. We discuss the possibility that RegA functions in a network that regulates myosin phosphorylation by controlling internal cAMP levels, and, in support of that hypothesis, we demonstrate that myosin II does not localize in a normal manner to the cortex of regA(-) cells in an increasing temporal gradient of cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Wessels
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA
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Abstract
Evidence is reviewed on work performance as a consequence of both psychological well-being and work stressors. There is evidence that some forms of psychological well-being are related to subsequent in-role performance, although the evidence for a causal influence of work stressors on job performance is much weaker. There is also evidence for relationships between some job stressors or well-being and organizational citizenship behaviours. In general, research conducted at the individual level, indicates only weak or provisional relationships. A small number of recent studies indicate stronger associations between average levels of well-being in an organization and organizational performance. It is concluded that more detailed and specific models of well-being and work performance need to be developed. These models need to be tested using methods that can more easily detect subtle variations in well-being and work performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Daniels
- Sheffield University Management School, UK.
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Srikantha T, Tsai LK, Daniels K, Soll DR. EFG1 null mutants of Candida albicans switch but cannot express the complete phenotype of white-phase budding cells. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:1580-91. [PMID: 10692363 PMCID: PMC94455 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.6.1580-1591.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Candida albicans gene EFG1 encodes a putative trans-acting factor. In strain WO-1, which undergoes the white-opaque transition, EFG1 is transcribed as a 3.2-kb mRNA in white-phase cells and a less-abundant 2.2-kb mRNA in opaque-phase cells. cDNA sequencing and 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends analysis demonstrate that the major difference in molecular mass of the two transcripts is due to different transcription start sites. EFG1 null mutants form opaque-phase colonies and express the opaque-phase cell phenotype at 25 degrees C. When shifted from 25 to 42 degrees C, mutant opaque-phase cells undergo phenotypic commitment to the white phase, which includes deactivation of the opaque-phase-specific gene OP4 and activation of the white-phase-specific gene WH11, as do wild-type opaque-phase cells. After the commitment event, EFG1 null mutant cells form daughter cells which have the smooth (pimpleless) surface of white-phase cells but the elongate morphology of opaque-phase cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that EFG1 expression is not essential for the switch event per se, but is essential for a subset of phenotypic characteristics necessary for the full expression of the phenotype of white-phase cells. These results demonstrate that EFG1 is not the site of the switch event, but is, rather, downstream of the switch event.
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MESH Headings
- 5' Untranslated Regions/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Southern
- Candida albicans/genetics
- Candida albicans/growth & development
- Candida albicans/metabolism
- Candida albicans/ultrastructure
- Colony Count, Microbial
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Fungal Proteins/genetics
- Fungal Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Phenotype
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Transcription Factors
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- T Srikantha
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Lachke SA, Srikantha T, Tsai LK, Daniels K, Soll DR. Phenotypic switching in Candida glabrata involves phase-specific regulation of the metallothionein gene MT-II and the newly discovered hemolysin gene HLP. Infect Immun 2000; 68:884-95. [PMID: 10639459 PMCID: PMC97218 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.2.884-895.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Candida glabrata has emerged in recent years as a major fungal pathogen, there have been no reports demonstrating that it undergoes either the bud-hypha transition or high-frequency phenotypic switching, two developmental programs believed to contribute to the pathogenic success of other Candida species. Here it is demonstrated that C. glabrata undergoes reversible, high-frequency phenotypic switching between a white (Wh), light brown (LB), and dark brown (DB) colony phenotype discriminated on an indicator agar containing 1 mM CuSO(4). Switching regulates the transcript level of the MT-II metallothionein gene(s) and a newly discovered gene for a hemolysin-like protein, HLP. The relative MT-II transcript levels in Wh, LB, and DB cells grown in the presence of CuSO(4) are 1:27:81, and the relative transcript levels of HLP are 1:20:35. The relative MT-II and HLP transcript levels in cells grown in the absence of CuSO(4) are 1:20:30 and 1:20:25, respectively. In contrast, switching has little or no effect on the transcript levels of the genes MT-I, AMT-I, TRPI, HIS3, EPAI, and PDHI. Switching of C. glabrata is not associated with microevolutionary changes identified by the DNA fingerprinting probe Cg6 and does not involve tandem amplification of the MT-IIa gene, which has been shown to occur in response to elevated levels of copper. Finally, switching between Wh, LB, and DB occurred in all four clinical isolates examined in this study. As in Candida albicans, switching in C. glabrata may provide colonizing populations with phenotypic plasticity for rapid responses to the changing physiology of the host, antibiotic treatment, and the immune response, through the differential regulation of genes involved in pathogenesis. More importantly, because C. glabrata is haploid, a mutational analysis of switching is now feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Lachke
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Salthouse TA, Toth J, Daniels K, Parks C, Pak R, Wolbrette M, Hocking KJ. Effects of aging on efficiency of task switching in a variant of the trail making test. Neuropsychology 2000; 14:102-11. [PMID: 10674802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Trail Making Test (TMT; R. M. Reitan, 1958, 1992) is extensively used in research in neuropsychology and in aging, in part because it has been postulated to reflect executive processes, such as planning and switching. However, neurocognitive and individual-difference-based analyses of this test are complicated because of different spatial arrangements of targets, the use of letters only in Version B, and potential order effects when Version A is administered prior to Version B. The present article examines a variant of a TMT (called the Connections Test) that attempts to remedy these deficiencies. A structural equation model suggested that there were no direct effects of age on either the nonalternating or alternating versions of the Connections Test (analogous to TMT Versions A and B, respectively); rather, all age-related effects were mediated through effects on perceptual speed. Moreover, although the nonalternating and alternating versions were strongly related to one another, only the latter had significant independent relations with measures of higher order cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Salthouse
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332-0170, USA.
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Wessels D, Reynolds J, Johnson O, Voss E, Burns R, Daniels K, Garrard E, O'Halloran TJ, Soll DR. Clathrin plays a novel role in the regulation of cell polarity, pseudopod formation, uropod stability and motility in Dictyostelium. J Cell Sci 2000; 113 ( Pt 1):21-36. [PMID: 10591622 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.113.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the traditional role of clathrin has been in vesicle trafficking and the internalization of receptors, a novel role in cytokinesis was recently revealed in an analysis of a clathrin-minus Dictyostelium mutant (chc(-)). chc(-) cells grown in suspension were demonstrated to be defective in assembling myosin II into a normal contractile ring. To test whether this defect reflected a more general one of cytoskeletal dysfunction, chc(-) cells were analyzed for cell polarity, pseudopod formation, uropod stability, cell locomotion, chemotaxis, cytoskeletal organization and vesicle movement. chc(-) cells crawled, chemotaxed, localized F-actin in pseudopods, organized their microtubule cytoskeleton in a relatively normal fashion and exhibited normal vesicle dynamics. Although chc(-) cells extended pseudopods from the anterior half of the cell with the same frequency as normal chc(+) cells, they extended pseudopods at twice the normal frequency from the posterior half of the cell. The uropods of chc(-) cells also exhibited spatial instability. These defects resulted in an increase in roundness, a reduction in polarity, a reduction in velocity, a dramatic increase in turning, a high frequency of 180 degrees direction reversals and a decrease in the efficiency of chemotaxis. All defects were reversed in a rescued strain. These results are the first to suggest a novel role for clathrin in cell polarity, pseudopod formation, uropod stability and locomotion. It is hypothesized that clathrin functions to suppress pseudopod formation and to stabilize the uropod in the posterior half of a crawling cell, two behavioral characteristics that are essential for the maintenance of cellular polarity, efficient locomotion and efficient chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wessels
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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