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Lee K, Kim Y, Lee J, Park Y, Cho K, Kim WS, Park J, Kim K. Vacuum-Processed Propylene Urea Additive: A Novel Approach for Controlling the Growth of CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Crystals in All Vacuum-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:21915-21923. [PMID: 38642042 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we present a novel method for controlling the growth of perovskite crystals in the vacuum thermal evaporation process by utilizing a vacuum-processable additive, propylene urea (PU). By coevaporation of perovskite precursors with PU to form the perovskite layer, PU, acting as a Lewis base additive, retards the direct reaction between the perovskite precursors. This facilitates a larger domain size and reduced defect density. Following the removal of the residual additive, the perovskite layer, exhibiting improved crystallinity, demonstrates reduced charge recombination, as confirmed by a time-resolved microwave conductivity analysis. Consequently, there is a notable enhancement in open-circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency, increasing from 1.05 to 1.15 V and from 17.17 to 18.31%, respectively. The incorporation of a vacuum-processable and removable Lewis base additive into the fabrication of vacuum-processed perovskite solar cells offers new avenues for optimizing these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerim Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhwan Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Youmin Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kayoung Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Suk Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeHong Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungkon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Kang DW, Kang SH, Lee K, Nam K, Kim ES, Yoon JC, Park SK. Comparative efficacy of vericiguat to sacubitril/valsartan for patients with heart failure reduced ejection fraction: Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2024; 400:131786. [PMID: 38242507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.131786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the established efficacy of vericiguat compared to placebo, uncertainties remain regarding its comparative efficacy to sacubitril/valsartan for patients with heart failure reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This study aimed to assess the relative efficacy of vericiguat and sacubitril/valsartan through a systematic review, network meta-analysis, and non-inferiority tests. METHODS A systematic review was conducted to identify the randomized phase 3 clinical trials involving vericiguat and sacubitril/valsartan. The hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cardiovascular death (CVD) and hospitalization due to HF (hHF) were extracted from these trials and synthesized via network meta-analysis. Non-inferiority testing of vericiguat was performed using a fixed-margin method with a predefined non-inferiority margin (1.24). Sensitivity analyses explored the impact of the time from hHF to screening. RESULTS Among the 1366 studies, two trials (VICTORIA and PARADIGM-HF) met the inclusion criteria. Network meta-analysis demonstrated that the HR for CVD or hHF with vericiguat did not significantly differ from that for sacubitril/valsartan (HR: 0.88, 95% CI:0.62-1.23). The upper limit of the 95% CI was less than the predefined margin of 1.24, confirming vericiguat's non-inferiority to sacubitril/valsartan. Sensitivity analyses affirmed the robustness of the base-case results. CONCLUSION Vericiguat exhibited a comparable risk of CVD or hHF when contrasted with sacubitril/valsartan. Importantly, in patients with HFrEF, vericiguat's efficacy was not statistically inferior to that of sacubitril/valsartan. These findings reinforce the potential of vericiguat as a viable treatment option for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Won Kang
- Division of Outcomes Research and Quality, Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Seung-Ho Kang
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Market Access & Policy Advocacy, Bayer Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Regulatory Innovation through Science, Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungae Nam
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Soon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Yoon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Research Institute for Intractable Cardiovascular Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Kyeong Park
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Lee K, Na Y, Kim M, Lee D, Choi J, Kim G, Kim M. Ursodeoxycholic acid may protect from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variant by reducing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e1194. [PMID: 38573021 PMCID: PMC10993777 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 caused COVID-19 pandemic has posed a global health hazard. While some vaccines have been developed, protection against viral infection is not perfect because of the urgent approval process and the emergence of mutant SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we employed UDCA as an FXR antagonist to regulate ACE2 expression, which is one of the key pathways activated by SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infection. UDCA is a well-known reagent of liver health supplements and the only clinically approved bile acid. In this paper, we investigated the protective efficacy of UDCA on Omicron variation, since it has previously been verified for protection against Delta variant. When co-housing with an Omicron variant-infected hamster group resulted in spontaneous airborne transmission, the UDCA pre-supplied group was protected from weight loss relative to the non-treated group at 4 days post-infection by more than 5%-10%. Furthermore, UDCA-treated groups had a 3-fold decrease in ACE2 expression in nasal cavities, as well as reduced viral expressing genes in the respiratory tract. Here, the data show that the UDCA serves an alternative option for preventive drug, providing SARS-CoV-2 protection against not only Delta but also Omicron variant. Our results of this study will help to propose drug-repositioning of UDCA from liver health supplement to preventive drug of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Lee
- Pharmaceutical Technology CenterDaewoong Pharmaceutical Co., LtdYongin‐siGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Na
- Pharmaceutical Technology CenterDaewoong Pharmaceutical Co., LtdYongin‐siGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Minjin Kim
- Drug Discovery CenterDaewoong Pharmaceutical Co., LtdYongin‐siGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Dongjin Lee
- Pharmaceutical Technology CenterDaewoong Pharmaceutical Co., LtdYongin‐siGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Jongseo Choi
- Pharmaceutical Technology CenterDaewoong Pharmaceutical Co., LtdYongin‐siGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Gwanyoung Kim
- Pharmaceutical Technology CenterDaewoong Pharmaceutical Co., LtdYongin‐siGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Min‐Soo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea
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Rah SS, Jung M, Lee K, Kang H, Jang S, Park J, Yoon JY, Hong SB. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Real-World Accuracy of Children's Developmental Screening Tests. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:1095-1109. [PMID: 36592715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review presents a list of developmental screening tests used in clinical settings worldwide and provides a broad estimate of their accuracy (PROSPERO: CRD42021236474). METHOD Following the PRISMA Diagnostic Test Accuracy (DTA) guidelines, this review involved searching PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Google Scholar (for manual searching). Inclusion criteria included studies published in English through 2020 that compared the accuracy of developmental screening tests against developmental diagnostic tests among children under 13 years of age. Six researchers, in pairs, independently selected the studies and extracted the data. A hierarchical model was applied to meta-analyze the diagnostic accuracy of the tests, and meta-regression was used to identify the moderators using R 4.1.3 software. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 56 studies (17 screening tests and 61 outcomes). The most frequently used screening tests were the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST), and Parent's Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS). The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.75 (95% CI = 0.69-0.80) and 0.76 (95% CI = 0.71-0.80), and the overall diagnostic accuracy of the total outcomes (area under the curve) was 0.80. High heterogeneity was observed between the included studies with various thresholds of the tests. Participants' developmental concerns at the baseline significantly moderated the accuracy of the screening tests, resulting in double the positive predictive value and prevalence compared to those without the concerns. CONCLUSION We recommend a standardized process of validation studies for diagnostic accuracy, to ensure the effectiveness of developmental screening tests in clinical settings. STUDY PREREGISTRATION INFORMATION Accuracy of Developmental Screening Tools among Children in Real World: a Systematic Review and Meta Analysis; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/; CRD42021236474.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Sil Rah
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Jung
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Seoul National University College of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hannah Kang
- Seoul National University College of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Jang
- Center for Human-Caring Nurse Leaders for the Future by Brain Korea 21 (BK 21) Four Project, Seoul National University College of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Park
- Seoul National University College of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Yoon
- Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Beom Hong
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Sin SY, Chen S, Lee KM, Chua MLK. Clinical Review on Head and Neck CBCT Images. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e719. [PMID: 37786097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Optimal quality assurance is vital in head and neck (HN) radiotherapy (RT), as inferior dosimetry has proven to compromise survival in HN cancer patients. Image guidance using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has enabled precise matching of tumor targets. The objective was to analyze the translational and rotational shifts obtained from HN CBCT in order to develop the 6D HN imaging protocol, henceforth to achieve the best precision radiotherapy. MATERIALS/METHODS Sixty patients who received treatment from January 2021 to September 2022 were randomly selected - 10 from each sub-site (paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, oropharynx, oral cavity, larynx-hypopharynx-thyroid and early-stage glottis). Weekly CBCT obtained were analyzed using offline automatic image registration (IR) on an electronic patient information management system. First, 2 regions of interests (ROIs) were defined; one was based on departmental HN IGRT protocol and the other covered the entire planning target volume (PTV). Subsequently, IR was performed with 2 different algorithms; Maximum Mutual Information (MMI) (soft tissue-based) and Chamfer (bone-based). Each CBCT was inspected manually by an individual to avoid inter-observer variability. The shifts were reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Paired t-test was used to analyze the variances in translational and rotational displacements between the different ROIs and algorithm. Early-stage glottis was excluded in the ROI comparison as the treatment field was small and the ROI covered the entire PTV. RESULTS Overall setup errors were 1.2 ± 1.1mm for the translational shifts and 0.7 ± 0.6° for the rotational. The overall frequency of displacement was 95.2% ≤2° and 99.5% ≤5mm. MMI was more constant than Chamfer for HN CBCT matching as reflected by a considerably smaller translational (1.09 ± 1.05mm vs 1.26 ± 1.16mm, p<0.001) and rotational (0.67 ± 0.57° vs 0.77 ± 0.70°, p<0.001) shifts. The comparison of defining ROIs (PTV vs Protocol) was insignificant in the translational shifts (p = 0.057). However, a substantial difference was observed in the rotational displacements (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION The analysis was fundamental in identifying the optimal matching tool and it supports the HN 6D imaging protocol. This audit validated the current 5mm tolerance for translational shift and further established a 2° tolerance for the rotational shift for HN 6D CBCT matching. Profoundly, soft tissue localization is of the utmost importance for highly conformal modulated RT, and adaptation of soft tissue matching is strongly encouraged for HN tumors located in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Sin
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Chen
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - K M Lee
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M L K Chua
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Lee S, Lee K, Bae H, Lee K, Lee J, Ma J, Lee YJ, Lee BR, Park WY, Im SJ. Defining a TCF1-expressing progenitor allogeneic CD8 + T cell subset in acute graft-versus-host disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5869. [PMID: 37737221 PMCID: PMC10516895 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a severe complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation driven by activated allogeneic T cells. Here, we identify a distinct subset of T cell factor-1 (TCF1)+ CD8+ T cells in mouse allogeneic and xenogeneic transplant models of acute GvHD. These TCF1+ cells exhibit distinct characteristics compared to TCF1- cells, including lower expression of inhibitory receptors and higher expression of costimulatory molecules. Notably, the TCF1+ subset displays exclusive proliferative potential and could differentiate into TCF1- effector cells upon antigenic stimulation. Pathway analyses support the role of TCF1+ and TCF1- subsets as resource cells and effector cells, respectively. Furthermore, the TCF1+ CD8+ T cell subset is primarily present in the spleen and exhibits a resident phenotype. These findings provide insight into the differentiation of allogeneic and xenogeneic CD8+ T cells and have implications for the development of immunotherapeutic strategies targeting acute GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solhwi Lee
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunhee Lee
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Bae
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwa Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhui Ma
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Ji Lee
- GENINUS Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Woong-Yang Park
- GENINUS Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Im
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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Lin CC, Chang TC, Wang Y, Guo L, Gao Y, Bikorimana E, Lemoff A, Fang YV, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Ye D, Soria-Bretones I, Servetto A, Lee KM, Luo X, Otto JJ, Akamatsu H, Napolitano F, Mani R, Cescon DW, Xu L, Xie Y, Mendell JT, Hanker AB, Arteaga CL. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is an actionable therapeutic target in CDK4/6 inhibitor-resistant ER+/RB-deficient breast cancer. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2966905. [PMID: 37502925 PMCID: PMC10371097 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2966905/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have improved survival of patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. However, patients treated with CDK4/6i eventually develop drug resistance and progress. RB1 loss-of-function alterations confer acquired resistance to CDK4/6i, but the optimal therapy for these patients is unclear. Using a genome-wide CRISPR screen, we identified protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) as a molecular vulnerability in ER+/RB1-knockout (RBKO) breast cancer cells. PRMT5 inhibition blocked cell cycle G1-to-S transition independent of RB, thus arresting growth of RBKO cells. Proteomics analysis uncovered fused in sarcoma (FUS) as a downstream effector of PRMT5. Pharmacological inhibition of PRMT5 resulted in dissociation of FUS from RNA polymerase II (Pol II), Ser2 Pol II hyperphosphorylation, and intron retention in genes that promote DNA synthesis. Treatment with the PRMT5i inhibitor pemrametostat and fulvestrant synergistically inhibited growth of ER+/RB-deficient patient-derived xenografts, suggesting dual ER and PRMT5 blockade as a novel therapeutic strategy to treat ER+/RB-deficient breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ching Lin
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tsung-Cheng Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yunguan Wang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population & Data Sciences, Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population & Data Sciences, Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yunpeng Gao
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Emmanuel Bikorimana
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Lemoff
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yisheng V. Fang
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - He Zhang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population & Data Sciences, Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population & Data Sciences, Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dan Ye
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Alberto Servetto
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Kyung-min Lee
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Xuemei Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph J. Otto
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hiroaki Akamatsu
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Fabiana Napolitano
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ram Mani
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David W. Cescon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lin Xu
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population & Data Sciences, Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yang Xie
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population & Data Sciences, Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joshua T. Mendell
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ariella B. Hanker
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Carlos L. Arteaga
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Jo Y, Choi J, Hattori M, Honda S, Tanaka T, Tsuji M, Won E, Lee K. Simulation of the optical system in the GroundBIRD telescope. Appl Opt 2023; 62:5369-5378. [PMID: 37706852 DOI: 10.1364/ao.488636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
GroundBIRD is a ground-based telescope for measuring the polarization of cosmic microwave background radiation, and it is soon to be operational at the Teide Observatory. The GroundBIRD telescope employs Mizuguchi-Dragone dual reflectors and 161 kinetic inductance detectors coupled with single polarization antennas as photon detectors. We present the results of our optical simulation on the pointing direction, stray light response, and influence of the blackbody radiation from the baffle. We also find that the power of the baffle radiation incident on the detectors is reduced by 99.95% when corrugated feed horns are coupled to the detectors.
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Lee J, Lee K, Bae H, Lee K, Lee S, Ma J, Jo K, Kim I, Jee B, Kang M, Im SJ. IL-15 promotes self-renewal of progenitor exhausted CD8 T cells during persistent antigenic stimulation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1117092. [PMID: 37409128 PMCID: PMC10319055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In chronic infections and cancer, exhausted CD8 T cells exhibit heterogeneous subpopulations. TCF1+PD-1+ progenitor exhausted CD8 T cells (Tpex) can self-renew and give rise to Tim-3+PD-1+ terminally differentiated CD8 T cells that retain their effector functions. Tpex cells are thus essential to maintaining a pool of antigen-specific CD8 T cells during persistent antigenic stimulation, and only they respond to PD-1-targeted therapy. Despite their potential as a crucial therapeutic target for immune interventions, the mechanisms controlling the maintenance of virus-specific Tpex cells remain to be determined. We observed approximately 10-fold fewer Tpex cells in the spleens of mice chronically infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) one-year post-infection (p.i.) than at three months p.i. Similar to memory CD8 T cells, Tpex cells have been found to undergo self-renewal in the lymphoid organs, prominently the bone marrow, during chronic LCMV infection. Furthermore, ex vivo treatment with IL-15 preferentially induced the proliferation of Tpex cells rather than the terminally differentiated subsets. Interestingly, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of LCMV-specific exhausted CD8 T cells after ex vivo IL-15 treatment compared with those before treatment revealed increased expression of ribosome-related genes and decreased expression of genes associated with the TCR signaling pathway and apoptosis in both Tpex and Ttex subsets. The exogenous administration of IL-15 to chronically LCMV-infected mice also significantly increased self-renewal of Tpex cells in the spleen and bone marrow. In addition, we assessed the responsiveness of CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from renal cell carcinoma patients to IL-15. Similar to the data we obtained from chronic viral infection in mice, the expansion of the Tpex subset of PD-1+ CD8 TILs upon ex vivo IL-15 treatment was significantly higher than that of the terminally differentiated subset. These results show that IL-15 could promote self-renewal of Tpex cells, which has important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghwa Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Bae
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunhee Lee
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Solhwi Lee
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhui Ma
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjo Jo
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ijun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - ByulA Jee
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyong Kang
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Im
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Lee KM, Ahn S, Park E, Kim M. Low-Loss Pogo Pin Probe Card with a Coupling Isolation Structure up to 50 GHz. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:5420. [PMID: 37420587 DOI: 10.3390/s23125420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
A design for a millimeter wave RF probe card that removes resonance is proposed. The designed probe card optimizes the position of the ground surface and the signal pogo pins to resolve the resonance and signal loss issues that occur when connecting a dielectric socket and a PCB. At millimeter wave frequencies, the height of the dielectric socket and pogo pin matches the length of half a wavelength, allowing the socket to act as a resonator. When the leakage signal from the PCB line is coupled to the 2.9 mm high socket with pogo pins, resonance at a frequency of 28 GHz is generated. The probe card uses the ground plane as a shielding structure to minimize this resonance and radiation loss. The importance of the signal pin location is verified via measurements in order to address the discontinuity caused by field polarity switching. A probe card fabricated using the proposed technique exhibits an insertion loss performance of -8 dB up to 50 GHz and eliminates resonance. A signal with an insertion loss of -3.1 dB can be transmitted to a system-on-chip in a practical chip test.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - S Ahn
- Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16677, Republic of Korea
| | - E Park
- Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16677, Republic of Korea
| | - M Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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11
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Kim SH, Yoo JY, Cho HS, Kim SR, Cho JY, Youk S, Kim EG, Shin YM, Choe KH, Lee KM, Lee H, Yang B. Clinical and imaging features of drug-susceptible and multidrug-resistant TB in Korean adults. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2023; 27:487-489. [PMID: 37231602 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.23.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S-H Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Cho
- Department of Radiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - S R Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - S Youk
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - E-G Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Y M Shin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - K H Choe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - K M Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - H Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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12
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Jeong A, Yao X, Lee K, Park SH, Sagong M. Clinical implications of choroidal vascular brightness using ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6400. [PMID: 37076505 PMCID: PMC10115771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31745-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is characterized by choroidal vascular abnormalities including polypoidal lesion and branching vascular networks. Not only choroidal structural changes, but also choroidal hyperpermeability and congestion are also thought to be involved in pathogenesis of PCV. We investigated choroidal vascular brightness intensity (CVB) using ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography (UWF-ICGA) images and analyzed its association with clinical features in patients with PCV. In this study, 33 eyes with PCV and 27 eyes of age-matched controls were included. CVB was measured by extracting the enhanced pixels of choroidal vessels after the reference brightness across the images was adjusted to be uniform. Associations between choroidal vascular features and the clinical features of PCV were also determined. The mean CVB was higher in PCV than control eyes, regardless of the segmented region (all p < 0.001). CVB was also higher at the posterior pole than at the periphery, and the inferior quadrants were brighter than the superior quadrants in both the PCV and control group (all p < 0.05). In affected eyes, CVB was higher than in unaffected fellow eyes at the posterior pole, whereas there was no difference at the periphery. Posterior pole CVB correlated significantly with subfoveal choroidal thickness (r = 0.502, p = 0.005), polyp number (r = 0.366 p = 0.030), and the greatest linear dimension (r = 0.680, p = 0.040). Greatest linear dimension was positively correlated with CVB at posterior pole (p = 0.040), whereas SFCT or CVD in all regions didn't show the significant correlation. The UWF ICGA results showed an increase in CVB at the inferior quadrants and posterior pole, suggesting venous outflow congestion in PCV eyes. CVB might provide more substantial information on the phenotype than other choroidal vascular features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areum Jeong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, #170 Hyunchungro, Nam-Gu, Daegu, 42415, South Korea
- Yeungnam Eye Center, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Xue Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, #170 Hyunchungro, Nam-Gu, Daegu, 42415, South Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Department of Robotic Engineering, DGIST, #333, Techno Jungang-Daero, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- Department of Robotic Engineering, DGIST, #333, Techno Jungang-Daero, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Min Sagong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, #170 Hyunchungro, Nam-Gu, Daegu, 42415, South Korea.
- Yeungnam Eye Center, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.
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13
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Lin CC, Chang TC, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Lemoff A, Fang YV, Zhang H, Ye D, Soria-Bretones I, Servetto A, Lee KM, Luo X, Otto JJ, Akamatsu H, Cescon DW, Xu L, Xie Y, Mendell JT, Hanker AB, Arteaga CL. Abstract 3934: PRMT5 is an actionable target in CDK4/6 inhibitor-resistant ER+/Rb-deficient breast cancer. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-3934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
RB1 loss-of-function genomic alterations confer resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) and are enriched post treatment of CDK4/6i in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) metastatic breast cancer. ER+/Rb-deficient breast cancer is a rising patient population in need of novel therapeutic strategies. Herein, we used a genome-wide CRISPR screen and identified protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) as a molecular vulnerability in this refractory breast cancer subtype. sgRNA-induced depletion of PRMT5 arrested growth of MCF-7 and T47D RB1 knockout (RBKO) cells. PRMT5 catalyzes symmetric dimethylation of arginine (SDMA). In RBKO cells carrying doxycycline-inducible shRNA targeting the 3’UTR of PRMT5, rescue with wild-type but not an enzymatically dead mutant of PRMT5 restored cell growth, supporting that PRMT5 methyltrasferase activity is essential for growth of these cells. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of RNA-seq data revealed significant downregulation of cell cycle-related Hallmark gene signatures in RBKO cells treated with PRMT5 siRNA versus control siRNA. Both gene silencing and pharmacological blockade of PRMT5 with the small molecule inhibitor pemrametostat impeded G1-to-S cell cycle progression in MCF-7 and T47D RBKO cells and in lung, prostate, and triple-negative breast cancer cells with natural RB1 mutations or deletions, suggesting that PRMT5 inhibition can block the G1-to-S transition even in the absence of Rb. To identify the protein interactome of PRMT5 and the mechanism by which it promotes cell cycle progression in Rb-deficient cells, we performed proteomics analysis of Co-IP mass spectrometry and an SDMA post-translational modification scan and pinpointed FUS (fused in sarcoma) as a putative downstream effector of PRMT5. FUS is known to regulate RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-mediated transcription. Inhibition of PRMT5 with pemrametostat significantly reduced SDMA levels on FUS and dissociated FUS from Pol II as evidenced by FUS Co-IP and immunoblot analysis. ChIP-seq analysis revealed that treatment of RBKO cells with pemrametostat derepressed phosphorylation of Ser2 in the C-terminus of Pol II at transcription start sites (TSS) of genes involved in cell cycle progression. In accordance with the abnormal accumulation of pSer2 Pol II at TSS, pemrametostat treatment also resulted in an increased Pol II pausing index and an enrichment of intron retention splicing variants. Finally, therapeutic inhibition of PRMT5 with pemrametostat synergized with fulvestrant (a selective ER degrader) against growth of ER+/Rb-deficient breast cancer cell line- and patient-derived xenografts in mice, suggesting this combination as a novel therapeutic strategy for ER+/Rb-deficient metastatic breast cancers.
Citation Format: Chang-Ching Lin, Tsung-Cheng Chang, Yunguan Wang, Yanfeng Zhang, Andrew Lemoff, Yisheng V. Fang, He Zhang, Dan Ye, Isabel Soria-Bretones, Alberto Servetto, Kyung-min Lee, Xuemei Luo, Joseph J. Otto, Hiroaki Akamatsu, David W. Cescon, Lin Xu, Yang Xie, Joshua T. Mendell, Ariella B. Hanker, Carlos L. Arteaga. PRMT5 is an actionable target in CDK4/6 inhibitor-resistant ER+/Rb-deficient breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3934.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - He Zhang
- 1UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Dan Ye
- 1UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | | | | | - Xuemei Luo
- 1UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | | | | | - Lin Xu
- 1UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Yang Xie
- 1UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Lee K, Won JH, Kwon Y, Lee SH, Bang JB, Kim J. Bare-Metal Stent in Dysfunctional Hemodialysis Access: An Assessment of Circuit Patency according to Access Type and Stent Location. J Korean Soc Radiol 2023; 84:197-211. [PMID: 36818700 PMCID: PMC9935964 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2022.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the circuit patency after nitinol bare-metal stent (BMS) placement according to the type of access and location of the stent in dysfunctional hemodialysis access. Materials and Methods Between January 2017 and December 2019, 159 patients (mean age, 64.1 ± 13.2 years) underwent nitinol BMS placement for dysfunctional access. The location of stents was as follows: 18 brachiocephalic vein, 51 cephalic arch, 40 upper arm vein, 10 juxta-anastomotic vein, 7 arteriovenous (AV) anastomosis, and 33 graft-vein (GV) anastomosis. Circuit patency was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and cox regression model. Results A total of 159 stents were successfully deployed in 103 AV fistula (AVF) and 56 AV graft (AVG). AVG showed lower primary and secondary patency at 12-months compared with AVF (primary patency; 25.0% vs. 44.7%; p = 0.005, secondary patency; 76.8% vs. 92.2%; p = 0.014). Cox regression model demonstrated poorer primary patency at 12 months after stenting in the cephalic arch and GV anastomosis compared with the other sites. Conclusion AVF showed better primary and secondary circuit patency at 12 months following the placement of BMS compared with AVG. Stents in the cephalic arch and GV anastomosis were associated with poorer primary patency at 12 months compared to those in other locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Lee
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Je Hwan Won
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yohan Kwon
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Su Hyung Lee
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jun Bae Bang
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jinoo Kim
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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15
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Lee K, Chang SJ, Won JH, Kwon Y, Kim SH, Kim JE, Kim J. Intranodal Lymphangiography and Embolization for the Treatment of Early Postoperative Lymphatic Leaks after Pelvic Surgery. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022; 34:591-599.e1. [PMID: 36526076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess outcome and predictors of outcome after lymphatic embolization (LE) for early postoperative lymphatic leak after pelvic surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS Lymphangiography (LG) procedures performed between May 2015 and February 2020 for postoperative intraperitoneal lymphatic leaks after pelvic surgery were reviewed. Treatment indication was lymphatic drainage of >500 mL/d persisting for >1 week. LE was performed by injecting glue into the iliac lymph node. Fisher exact and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used for comparative analysis, and logistic regression was used to assess predictors of outcome. RESULTS LG was performed in 71 patients. A leak was demonstrated in 69 patients who underwent LE. The mean drainage was 1,329 mL/d ± 773. Catheters were removed in 49 (69.0%) patients after 1 procedure and in 69 (97.2%) patients after a mean of 1.3 procedures. The mean drainage at the time of catheter removal was 157 mL/d ± 100. Failure occurred in 12 (16.9%) cases, including 2 (2.8%) cases of unsuccessful catheter removal and 10 (14.1%) cases of catheter reinsertion owing to recurrent ascites (n = 3) and lymphoceles (n = 7). Older age and drainage of >1,500 mL/d were associated with failure (P = .004). Drainage of >1,500 mL/d was associated with a post-LE catheter dwell time of longer than 1 week (P = .024). Minor adverse events were noted in 4 (5.6%) patients who presented with transient leg swelling. CONCLUSIONS LE was effective for treating pelvic surgery-related lymphatic leaks. Reintervention may be required. Drainage of >1,500 mL/d was associated with clinical failure and a post-LE catheter dwell time of longer than 1 week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Lee
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Joon Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Hwan Won
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Kwon
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinoo Kim
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Ryu G, Lee K, Park D, Park SH, Sagong M. Author Correction: A deep learning model for identifying diabetic retinopathy using optical coherence tomography angiography. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21021. [PMID: 36471042 PMCID: PMC9723109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25510-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gahyung Ryu
- grid.413028.c0000 0001 0674 4447Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, #170 Hyunchungro, Nam-Gu, Daegu, 42415 South Korea ,grid.413040.20000 0004 0570 1914Yeungnam Eye Center, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of Robotic Engineering, DGIST, #333, Techno jungang-daero, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Donggeun Park
- grid.413028.c0000 0001 0674 4447Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, #170 Hyunchungro, Nam-Gu, Daegu, 42415 South Korea ,grid.413040.20000 0004 0570 1914Yeungnam Eye Center, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of Robotic Engineering, DGIST, #333, Techno jungang-daero, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Min Sagong
- grid.413028.c0000 0001 0674 4447Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, #170 Hyunchungro, Nam-Gu, Daegu, 42415 South Korea ,grid.413040.20000 0004 0570 1914Yeungnam Eye Center, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
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17
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Lee H, Lee K, Ryu S, Yi Y, Jeon J, Kim S, Kang H. Nondestructive thickness determination of polymers based on optical contrast of graphene. Appl Nanosci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02710-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Park J, Cho H, Lee S, Lee K, Lee K, Park HC, Ryu JW, Park N, Jeon S, Min B. Revealing non-Hermitian band structure of photonic Floquet media. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabo6220. [PMID: 36206346 PMCID: PMC9544314 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo6220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Periodically driven systems are ubiquitously found in both classical and quantum regimes. In the field of photonics, these Floquet systems have begun to provide insight into how time periodicity can extend the concept of spatially periodic photonic crystals and metamaterials to the time domain. However, despite the necessity arising from the presence of nonreciprocal coupling between states in a photonic Floquet medium, a unified non-Hermitian band structure description remains elusive. We experimentally reveal the unique Bloch-Floquet and non-Bloch band structures of a photonic Floquet medium emulated in the microwave regime with a one-dimensional array of time-periodically driven resonators. These non-Hermitian band structures are shown to be two measurable distinct subsets of complex eigenfrequency surfaces of the photonic Floquet medium defined in complex momentum space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagang Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjoon Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seojoo Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kanghee Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chul Park
- Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Wan Ryu
- Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Namkyoo Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanggeun Jeon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumki Min
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Yoon YS, Jeong W, Kim J, Seok M, Park J, Bae J, Lee K, Lee JH. Development of inferential sensor and real-time optimizer for a vacuum distillation unit by recurrent neural network modeling of time series data. Comput Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2022.108039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Son S, Yoo SA, Nam K, Oh S, Lee KM, Yi JY, Shin I. Brain type of creatine kinase induces doxorubicin resistance via TGF-β signaling in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2022; 26:203-213. [PMID: 36275445 PMCID: PMC9586670 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2022.2107070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain type of creatine kinase (CKB) regulates energy homeostasis by reversibly transferring phosphate groups between phosphocreatine and ATP at sites of high energy demand. Several types of cancer cells exhibit upregulated CKB expression, but the function of CKB in cancer cells remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the function of CKB in breast cancer by overexpressing CKB in MDA-MB-231 cells. The overexpression of CKB did not affect cell growth rate, cell cycle distribution, ATP level or key mediators of aerobic glycolysis and lactate dehydrogenase isoform levels. Meanwhile, CKB overexpression did increase resistance to doxorubicin. TGF-β-induced Smad phosphorylation and Smad-dependent transcriptional activity were significantly up-regulated by CKB expression without changes in inhibitory Smad protein levels. Moreover, treatment with TGF-β considerably enhanced cell viability during doxorubicin treatment and decreased doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in CKB-expressing MDA-MB-231 cells compared to control cells. These results suggest that CKB attenuates doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and potentiates resistance to doxorubicin by enhancing TGF-β signaling in MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seogho Son
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-ah Yoo
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - KeeSoo Nam
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhwa Oh
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-min Lee
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youn Yi
- Division of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiation and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Incheol Shin
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Natural Science Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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21
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Cirocchi N, Lee KM, Ahmed S, Brown K. 207 Accuracy of Reviewing NELA Operation Data Entry in Emergency Laparotomy. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac269.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
The National Emergency Laparotomy Audit (NELA) is part of the National Clinical Audit and data can often be submitted by a non-surgical clinician who do not perform the procedure, whereas operating notes are written mostly by the primary surgeon. A concern for possible discrepancies prompted a comparison between the operation notes and the NELA audit data, to assess for accuracy and understanding of the NELA inclusion/exclusion criteria.
Method
Operation data was collected retrospectively from the NELA database from January to December 2020. The surgeon's operation notes were reviewed and compared. Main parameters compared included ‘indication of surgery’, ‘main operation procedure’, ‘operative findings', ‘peritoneal contamination’ and ‘level of contamination’. The inclusion and exclusion criteria for NELA audit was also assessed and compared. A further questionnaire survey was performed to review the understanding of the procedure
Results
Total of 171 data was retrieved from the NELA database from the selected time-period.
Out of these, 4.6% fulfilled the exclusion criteria. ‘Indication of operation’ were not consistent in 14 entries while in Operation procedure 4.9%. ‘Main operative findings’ were inconsistent in 11% cases. The Survey showed surgical difference in reviewing the operation notes.
Conclusions
There were significant portion of discrepancies between the surgical operating notes and NELA data entry when compared, due to retrospective entry and two different clinicians. There is a lack of clear understanding for the inclusion/exclusion criteria. We would like to recommend that the primary surgeon who performs the procedure records both the operating notes and the NELA data entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cirocchi
- Luton and Dunstable university Hospital , Luton , United Kingdom
| | - KM Lee
- Luton and Dunstable University Hospital , Luton , United Kingdom
| | - S Ahmed
- Luton and Dunstable university Hospital , Luton , United Kingdom
| | - K Brown
- Luton and Dunstable University Hospital , Luton , United Kingdom
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22
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Lee KM, Lin CC, Servetto A, Bae J, Kandagatla V, Ye D, Kim G, Sudhan DR, Mendiratta S, González Ericsson PI, Balko JM, Lee J, Barnes S, Malladi VS, Tabrizi S, Reddy SM, Yum S, Chang CW, Hutchinson KE, Yost SE, Yuan Y, Chen ZJ, Fu YX, Hanker AB, Arteaga CL. Epigenetic Repression of STING by MYC Promotes Immune Evasion and Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:829-843. [PMID: 35561311 PMCID: PMC9250627 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The MYC oncogene is frequently amplified in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, we show that MYC suppression induces immune-related hallmark gene set expression and tumor-infiltrating T cells in MYC-hyperactivated TNBCs. Mechanistically, MYC repressed stimulator of interferon genes (STING) expression via direct binding to the STING1 enhancer region, resulting in downregulation of the T-cell chemokines CCL5, CXCL10, and CXCL11. In primary and metastatic TNBC cohorts, tumors with high MYC expression or activity exhibited low STING expression. Using a CRISPR-mediated enhancer perturbation approach, we demonstrated that MYC-driven immune evasion is mediated by STING repression. STING repression induced resistance to PD-L1 blockade in mouse models of TNBC. Finally, a small-molecule inhibitor of MYC combined with PD-L1 blockade elicited a durable response in immune-cold TNBC with high MYC expression, suggesting a strategy to restore PD-L1 inhibitor sensitivity in MYC-overexpressing TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-min Lee
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ching Lin
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Alberto Servetto
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Joonbeom Bae
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Vishal Kandagatla
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Dan Ye
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - GunMin Kim
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Dhivya R. Sudhan
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Saurabh Mendiratta
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Paula I. González Ericsson
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Justin M. Balko
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeon Lee
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Spencer Barnes
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Venkat S. Malladi
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Siamak Tabrizi
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Sangeetha M. Reddy
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Seoyun Yum
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ching-Wei Chang
- Oncology Biostatistics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - Susan E. Yost
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutic Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutic Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Zhijian J. Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ariella B. Hanker
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Carlos L. Arteaga
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
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Lee TW, Lee KM. ECM1 is associated with endocrine resistance in ER + breast cancers. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2022; 26:99-107. [PMID: 35784388 PMCID: PMC9246032 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2022.2083235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) is associated with a poor prognosis of breast cancers. However, the role of ECM1 with endocrine resistance in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers has not been elucidated yet. We show that ECM1 promotes endocrine resistance in ER+ breast cancers. ECM1 is overexpressed in luminal breast cancer patients compared to the basal type of breast cancer. Significantly, higher expression of ECM1 is associated with poor response to endocrine therapies in luminal B breast cancer patients. We found that ECM1 is upregulated in CAMA1 and MDA-MB-361 cells grown in long-term estrogen-deprived (LTED) conditions. Moreover, the ablation of ECM1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of CAMA1 LTED and MDA-MB-361 LTED cells. Finally, an interrogation of a dataset containing transcriptome and proteome of breast cancer cell lines revealed that the level of ECM1 mRNA is positively correlated with that of phosphorylated Src. Based on these findings, we strongly suggest that ECM1 significantly contributes to the acquisition of endocrine resistance in ER+ breast cancers by the activation of Src.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Won Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-min Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Wong
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K Y Yu
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - M W H Mak
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K M Lee
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K F Lee
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
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Zhang J, Doshi U, Wolz RL, Kosachevsky P, Oldham MJ, Gillman IG, Lee KM. Fit-for-purpose characterization of air-liquid-interface (ALI) in vitro exposure systems for e-vapor aerosol. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 82:105352. [PMID: 35341918 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Air-liquid-interface (ALI) exposure systems deliver aerosol to the apical surface of cells which mimics the in vivo inhalation exposure conditions. It is necessary, however, to quantify the delivered amount of aerosol for ALI-based in vitro toxicity assessment. In this study, we evaluated two commercially available ALI exposure systems, a Vitrocell® Ames 48 (Ames 48) and a Vitrocell® 24/48 (VC 24/48), and the Vitrocell® VC1/7 smoking machine using a cig-a-like cartridge-based e-vapor device with a prototype formulation (containing 4% nicotine by weight). We characterized aerosol particle-size distribution, aerosol mass, and major chemical components (nicotine, propylene glycol, and glycerol) at the generation source and verified the repeatability of the aerosol generation. We determined aerosol delivery at the ALI by gravimetric analysis of mass collected on Cambridge filter pads and analytical quantitation of the buffer medium which showed that both aerosol mass and nicotine to an exposure insert linearly increased up to 400 puffs. The delivered aerosol mass covered a wide range of 0.8-3.4 mg per insert in the Ames 48 with variability (relative standard deviation, RSD) up to 12% and 1.1-6.4 mg per insert in the VC 24/48 with variability up to 15%. The delivered nicotine ranged approximately up to 200 μg per insert in both exposure systems. These results provided operation and aerosol delivery information of these ALI exposure systems for subsequent in vitro testing of e-vapor aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Altria Client Services LLC, Richmond, VA, United States of America.
| | - U Doshi
- Altria Client Services LLC, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - R L Wolz
- Enthalpy Analytical, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - P Kosachevsky
- Enthalpy Analytical, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - M J Oldham
- Altria Client Services LLC, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - I G Gillman
- Enthalpy Analytical, Richmond, VA, United States of America; Enthalpy Analytical, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - K M Lee
- Altria Client Services LLC, Richmond, VA, United States of America
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26
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Lee E, Karim H, Andreescu C, Mizuno A, Aizenstein H, Lee H, Lee D, Lee K, Cho SM, Kim D, Park RW, Son SJ, Park B. Network modeling of anxiety and psychological characteristics on suicidal behavior: Cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2022; 299:545-552. [PMID: 34952111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is influenced by complex interactions among various psychopathological features. We aimed to examine the relationship between suicide risk and psychological risk factors such as defense mechanisms, personality, and anxiety. METHODS We established a psychiatric database by utilizing the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model. We conducted a 1:1 propensity score matching with age, sex, and depression severity, and identified a sample (n = 258) with two groups: those with suicidal behavior and those with non-suicidal behavior. Using principal component analysis, we extracted nine psychological scales and applied network analysis to compare relationships among psychological factors between the two groups. RESULTS Patients with non-suicidal behaviors showed associations between trait anxiety and defense mechanisms, while those with suicidal behaviors did not. For patients with suicidal ideation there was an association between somatization and trait anxiety. Patients with suicide attempts showed associations between paranoia and dissociation connected to trait anxiety. LIMITATIONS Longitudinal research is required to fully observe transitions from suicidal ideation to attempts and recurrent suicidal events. In addition, these networks may not generalize suicidal behaviors because the group participants are not homogeneous. Lastly, data from self-report questionnaires limits the reliability of responses. CONCLUSIONS We presented important new insights on suicidal behavior by estimating psychological networks. Patients with non-suicidal behavior may exhibit discrete relationships between defense mechanisms and anxiety, compared to those with suicidal behavior. Patients with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts may show distinct associations between anxiety and psychopathological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Office of Biostatistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate school of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Helmet Karim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Carmen Andreescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Akiko Mizuno
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Howard Aizenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Heirim Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Office of Biostatistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate school of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyeop Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Rae Woong Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Son
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bumhee Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Office of Biostatistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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Kim GM, Lee KM, Sudhan D, Lin A, Marin A, Chatterjee S, Ye D, Kandagatla V, Mendiratta S, Hanker A, Arteaga C. Abstract PD3-07: Combined inhibition of CDK4/6 and AKT is effective in Rb-intact triple-negative breast cancer of the luminal androgen receptor (LAR) subtype. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-pd3-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease group with variable clinico-pathologic features. Based on gene expression profiles, TNBCs are grouped into 6 major subtypes. The Luminal androgen receptor (LAR) subtype is enriched for potentially targetable biomarkers, including high androgen receptor (AR) expression, high rates of PIK3CA mutations, and intact Rb. The purpose of this study was to investigate the most effective combinations of CDK4/6, AR, and PI3K-AKT inhibitors in pre-clinical models of LAR TNBC for future clinical trial design. Methods: MDA-MB-453 and MFM-223 (both Rb-intact/PTEN-intact/PIK3CA-mutant) and CAL-148 (Rb-null/PTEN-null/PIK3CA-mutant) LAR TNBC cell lines were treated with the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, the PI3Kα inhibitor alpelisib, the AKT inhibitor capivasertib, and the AR antagonist enzalutamide, each alone or in different combinations. Drug sensitivity was determined by coulter counter cell counts in 2D, colony formation, and the CellTiterGlo cell viability assay. The combination index (CI) which defines synergism (CI < 1), additive effect (CI = 1) and antagonism (CI > 1), calculated by the CompuSyn method, was used to evaluate the synergistic effects of drug combinations. Expression of cell cycle and PI3K-AKT downstream signaling molecules was measured by western blot analysis. An androgen response element (ARE) luciferase-based reporter assay was used to evaluate AR transcriptional activity. Results: Rb-intact LAR TNBC cell lines were sensitive to single-agent palbociclib, alpelisib or capivasertib (IC50, ~500 nM). Enzalutamide had minimal growth inhibitory activity (IC50, 15-25 μM). Palbociclib combined with either alpelisib or capivasertib synergistically inhibited proliferation of LAR TNBC cells (CI values, 0.07-0.86). Treatment of Rb-intact LAR TNBC cells with palbociclib monotherapy suppressed Rb phosphorylation and resulted in adaptive phosphorylation/activation of S473 AKT and AKT substrates GSKβ and PRAS40 at 24h. These responses were not observed in Rb-null CAL-148 cells. Palbociclib-induced phosphorylation of AKT substrates as well as induction P-S6 and P-4EBP1 were better suppressed by capivasertib than by alpelisib over a dose range. Addition of the PI3Kβ/δ inhibitor AZD8186 to alpelisib markedly enhanced the inhibition of P-AKT, P-PRAS40 and P-Sin, suggesting inhibition of PI3Kα is inadequate to block the adaptive response to palbociclib in these cells. Mean CI values showed that the combination of palbociclib/capivasertib was more synergistic against LAR TNBC cells compared to palbociclib/alpelisib (mean CI, 0.29 vs. 0.78). ARE reporter activity did not change upon inhibition of PI3K or AKT with alpelisib or capivasertib, respectively. Conclusions: Our results suggest that addition of an AKT inhibitor to palbociclib suppresses the rebound activation of AKT following treatment with the CDK4/6i and is effective in LAR TNBC with wild type Rb. In vivo studies are underway to investigate the antitumor activity of the combination of palbociclib and capivasertib in LAR TNBC xenografts.
Citation Format: Gun Min Kim, Kyung-min Lee, Dhivya Sudhan, Albert Lin, Arnaldo Marin, Sumanta Chatterjee, Dan Ye, Vishal Kandagatla, Saurabh Mendiratta, Ariella Hanker, Carlos Arteaga. Combined inhibition of CDK4/6 and AKT is effective in Rb-intact triple-negative breast cancer of the luminal androgen receptor (LAR) subtype [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD3-07.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan Ye
- UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX
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Lin CC, Chang TC, Servetto A, Lee KM, Zhang H, Wang Y, Ye D, Chatterjee S, Sudhan DR, Akamatsu H, Xie Y, Mendell JT, Hanker AB, Arteaga CL. Abstract P5-17-09: A genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies PRMT5 as a novel therapeutic target in ER+/ RB1-deficient breast cancer. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-p5-17-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have improved survival of patients with advanced estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. However, this benefit is transient as virtually all these tumors eventually develop drug resistance and recur. Clinical studies have reported an association of RB1 loss-of-function genomic alterations with acquired resistance to CDK4/6i. Given the enrichment of RB1 alterations post CDK4/6i treatment, ER+/RB1-deficient breast cancer will become a rising patient population in need of discovery of novel treatment strategies. In this study, we sought to identify actionable vulnerabilities for this refractory breast cancer subtype using a genome-wide CRISPR screen. Methods: RB1 was knocked out in ER+ MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cells using CRISPR-Cas9; complete gene knockout was confirmed by PCR-based genotyping, Sanger sequencing, and immunoblot analysis. Isogenic RB1 knockout (RBKO) and wild-type (WT) T47D cells were used for the genome-wide CRISPR screen. MAGeCKFlute was used to identify differentially essential genes in T47D RBKO vs WT cells; Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was used to prioritize hits. MCF-7 and T47D RBKO cells were used for validating and studying the function of the identified genes. Results: Knockout of RB1 in MCF-7 and T47D cells increased IC50 of abemaciclib, palbociclib, and ribociclib 10-200 fold compared to WT cells. RNA-seq analysis showed upregulation of E2F target gene expression in RBKO vs WT cells. The CRISPR screen revealed that CCND1 and CDK4 lost their essentiality in T47D RBKO cells, suggesting that loss of RB1 uncouples the CDK4/Cyclin D1 complex from E2F-regulated transcription. GO analysis of the top 50 differentially essential hits of RBKO vs WT cells showed an enrichment of protein arginine methyltransferase activity, primarily PRMT5, which post-translationally mono-methylates and symmetrically di-methylates protein arginine. In agreement with this finding, PRMT5 knockout by three individual sgRNAs resulted in more potent growth inhibition of MCF-7 and T47D RBKO cells than WT cells. Further, transfection of PRMT5 siRNA or treatment with the PRMT5 small molecule inhibitor GSK3326595 - currently in clinical trials - resulted in G1 arrest of MCF-7 and T47D RBKO cells as assayed by propidium iodide staining but did not induce caspase 3/7 or PARP cleavage (apoptosis). RNA-seq of PRMT5 siRNA vs control siRNA in MCF-7 and T47D RBKO cells exhibited significant downregulation of E2F Hallmark gene signature, further suggesting PRMT5 inhibition as a strategy to suppress E2F-regulated gene expression when cells lose Rb. The CRISPR screen also revealed that transcription factors that drive ER signaling, such as FOXA1, GATA3, MYC, SPDEF, and ESR1 (the gene encoding ERα), were commonly essential in both T47D WT and RBKO cells. Estrogen deprivation or treatment with fulvestrant inhibited estrogen responsive element (ERE) luciferase reporter activity, expression of putative E2F target genes, and proliferation of both WT and RBKO cells, suggesting that ER+ cells still rely on ERα irrespective of RB1 status. Treatment of MCF-7 and T47D RBKO cells with fulvestrant and GSK3326595 resulted in more potent growth inhibition than each drug alone, suggesting a novel approach to treat ER+/RB1-deficient breast cancer. We are currently testing the antitumor activity of fulvestrant plus GSK3326595 against RBKO xenografts as well as the requirement of arginine methyltransferase activity associated with PRMT5 for growth of ER+/RB1-deficient breast cancer cells. Conclusion: PRMT5 is essential for proliferation of ER+/RB1-deficient breast cancer cells. Targeting PRMT5 in combination with anti-estrogens is a novel and testable strategy to suppress E2F-regulated cell cycle progression of this CDK4/6 inhibitor-resistant breast cancer subtype.
Citation Format: Chang-Ching Lin, Tsung-Cheng Chang, Alberto Servetto, Kyung-min Lee, He Zhang, Yunguan Wang, Dan Ye, Sumanta Chatterjee, Dhivya R Sudhan, Hiroaki Akamatsu, Yang Xie, Joshua T Mendell, Ariella B Hanker, Carlos L Arteaga. A genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies PRMT5 as a novel therapeutic target in ER+/RB1-deficient breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-17-09.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - He Zhang
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Dan Ye
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | | | | | - Yang Xie
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Sudhan DR, Chatterjee S, Kim J, Wang Y, Kandagatla V, Ye D, Lin CC, Zanudo JGT, Jain E, Marin A, Servetto A, Lee KM, Povedano JM, McFadden D, Barrett A, Wagle N, Hanker AB, Arteaga CL. Abstract GS3-09: Loss of ASXL1 tumor suppressor promotes resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors in ER+ breast cancer. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-gs3-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) in combination with antiestrogens have prolonged survival of patients with ER+ metastatic breast cancer. However, this combination is not curative mainly due to acquired drug resistance. Knowledge about mechanisms of such resistance remains quite incomplete. We report herein a forward-genetics screen to discover a broad spectrum of novel somatic mutations causal to CDK4/6i resistance. Methods: We used CRISPR/Cas9 to delete the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene MSH2 in MCF7 and T47D ER+ breast cancer cells. Deficiency of DNA MMR proteins such as MSH2 results in a high nucleotide substitution rate which, in turn, predisposes cells to acquire drug resistance-associated mutations. MSH2-/- MCF7 and T47D cells were infected with a lentiviral barcode library containing ~1000 unique DNA barcodes. MSH2-/- barcoded cells were expanded for ~25 doublings to allow the accumulation of random mutations. Clones resistant to CDK4/6i were selected in the presence of IC90 of palbociclib (200 nM) or abemaciclib (500 nM) for 4-6 weeks. CDK4/6i resistant clones with unique barcode IDs were subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES). Results: Following drug selection, ~73 uniquely barcoded resistant colonies emerged from MCF7 and T47D MSH2-/- clonal lines. As expected, MCF7 and T47D MSH2-/- clones harbored a high mutation burden compared to parental cells. Candidate variants were distilled based on (a) functionality prediction and (b) mutation frequency in Project GENIE. We observed RB1 (5/73 clones; 6.8%) mutations in CDK4/6i resistant clones, providing proof-of-principle that this approach can identify clinically-relevant drug resistant alterations. Overall, we identified non-synonymous alterations in 2,206 genes in T47D palbociclib-resistant, 2,195 genes in T47D abemaciclib-resistant, and 1,312 genes in MCF7 palbociclib-resistant lines. A secondary screen of the 10 genes recurrently mutated in all three CDK4/6i resistant groups identified loss of ASXL1 as top hit. ASXL1 encodes a polycomb repressive complex protein that regulates chromatin accessibility. Loss of ASXL1 has been implicated in myeloid transformation through epigenetic reprogramming. WES of 76 CDK4/6i resistant tumor biopsies (DFCI/MBCproject cohort) identified ASXL1 alterations in two and four patients with acquired and primary resistance, respectively (6/76=7.9%). One of the tumors that progressed after an initial response to palbociclib had acquired the same ASXL1 R549C mutation that was identified in our screen. Among 1,769 tumors from patients treated with CDK4/6i (TEMPUS database), 37 exhibited ASXL1 alterations (4 frameshift, 6 truncating, 3 in-frame del, 24 missense mutations). DNAseq of patient-derived organoids established from post-CDK4/6i metastases identified ASXL1 mutations in 2/7 organoids (29%). ASXL1-/- MCF7 and T47D cells were cross-resistant to fulvestrant. GSEA analysis of RNA-seq data showed upregulation of E2F targets in palbociclib-treated cells stably transduced with ASXL1 shRNA but not control shRNA (Enrichment score=0.75, q=1.00E-09). This was associated with maintenance of RB phosphorylation in the presence of CDK4/6i, markedly higher levels of CDK2, CDK6, cyclins E and A, and downregulation of p21 and p27. Finally, siRNAs targeting CDK2 or cyclin A reduced the viability of ASXL1-deficient T47D cells by 50% and 90%, respectively. Conclusions: An accelerated mutagenesis approach using MMR-deficient ER+ breast cancer cells identified loss of ASXL1 as a novel mechanism of resistance to CDK4/6i. ASXL1 alterations were found in ~8% of tumors from patients with de novo or acquired resistance to CDK4/6i. Knockdown of CDK2 and cyclin A restored sensitivity to CDK4/6i and reduced viability of ASXL1 deficient cells, suggesting CDK2 inhibitors are a treatment approach against these drug-resistant tumors.
Citation Format: Dhivya R. Sudhan, Sumanta Chatterjee, Jiwoong Kim, Yunguan Wang, Vishal Kandagatla, Dan Ye, Chang-Ching Lin, Jorge Gomez Tejeda Zanudo, Esha Jain, Arnaldo Marin, Alberto Servetto, Kyung-min Lee, Juan Manuel Povedano, David McFadden, Alex Barrett, Nikhil Wagle, Ariella B. Hanker, Carlos L. Arteaga. Loss of ASXL1 tumor suppressor promotes resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors in ER+ breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr GS3-09.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dan Ye
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | | | - Esha Jain
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
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Ryu G, Lee K, Park D, Kim I, Park SH, Sagong M. A Deep Learning Algorithm for Classifying Diabetic Retinopathy Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:39. [PMID: 35703566 PMCID: PMC8899862 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.2.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop an automated diabetic retinopathy (DR) staging system using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images with a convolutional neural network (CNN) and to verify the feasibility of the system. Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, a total of 918 data sets of 3 × 3 mm2 OCTA images and 917 data sets of 6 × 6 mm2 OCTA images were obtained from 1118 eyes. A deep CNN and four traditional machine learning models were trained with annotations made by a retinal specialist based on ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography. Separately, the same images of the test data sets were independently graded by two human experts. The results of the CNN algorithm were compared with those of traditional machine learning–based classifiers and human experts. Results The proposed CNN achieved an accuracy of 0.728, a sensitivity of 0.675, a specificity of 0.944, an F1 score of 0.683, and a quadratic weighted κ of 0.908 for a six-level staging task, which were far superior to the results of traditional machine learning methods or human experts. The CNN algorithm showed a better performance using 6 × 6 mm2 rather than 3 × 3 mm2 sized OCTA images and using combined data rather than a separate OCTA layer alone. Conclusions CNN-based classification using OCTA images can provide reliable assistance to clinicians for DR classification. Translational Relevance This CNN algorithm can guide the clinical decision for invasive angiography or referrals to ophthalmology specialists, helping to create more efficient diagnostic workflow in primary care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gahyung Ryu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.,Nune Eye Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Donggeun Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Inhye Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Min Sagong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.,Yeungnam Eye Center, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
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Choi S, Seo H, Lee K, Shin DH, Wu MJ, Wu W, Huang X, Zhang J, Hong C, Jun JY. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels working as pacemaker channels in colonic interstitial cells of Cajal. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:364-374. [PMID: 34845842 PMCID: PMC8743669 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated (HCN) channels function as pacemaker channels in spontaneously active cells. We studied the existence of HCN channels and their functional roles in the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) from the mouse colon using electrophysiological, immunohistochemical and molecular techniques. HCN1 and HCN3 channels were detected in anoctamin‐1 (Ca2+‐activated Cl− channel; ANO1)‐positive cells within the muscular and myenteric layers in colonic tissues. The mRNA transcripts of HCN1 and HCN3 channels were expressed in ANO1‐positive ICC. In the deletion of HCN1 and HCN3 channels in colonic ICC, the pacemaking potential frequency was reduced. Basal cellular adenylate cyclase activity was decreased by adenylate cyclase inhibitor in colonic ICC, whereas cAMP‐specific phosphodiesterase inhibitors increased it. 8‐Bromo‐cyclic AMP and rolipram increased spontaneous intracellular Ca2+ oscillations. In addition, Ca2+‐dependent adenylate cyclase 1 (AC1) mRNA was detected in colonic ICC. Sulprostone, a PGE2‐EP3 agonist, increased the pacemaking potential frequency, maximum rate of rise of resting membrane in pacemaker potentials and basal cellular adenylate cyclase activity in colonic ICC. These results indicate that HCN channels exist in colonic ICC and participate in generating pacemaking potentials. Thus, HCN channels may be therapeutic targets in disturbed colonic motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyunhyo Seo
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Mei Jin Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Wenhao Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Xingyou Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chansik Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae Yeoul Jun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
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Lee K, Joe H, Lim H, Kim K, Kim S, Han CW, Kim HG. Sequential routing framework: Fully capsule network-based speech recognition. COMPUT SPEECH LANG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csl.2021.101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Langston T, Randazzo J, Kogel U, Hoeng J, Martin F, Titz B, Guedj E, Schneider T, Prabhakar B, Zhang J, Oldham M, Lee KM. Thirteen-week nose-only inhalation exposures of propylene glycol aerosols in Sprague Dawley rats with a lung systems toxicology analysis. Toxicology Research and Application 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/23978473211021072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to increase PG exposure above concentrations tested by Suber et al. and use systems toxicology analysis of lung tissue to understand molecular events. Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to filtered air (sham), propylene glycol/water (PG/W; 90:10) or a propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin/water (PG/VG/W; 50:40:10) reference. The reference group was added at the high dose to observe any changes that might be associated with a carrier more in line with e-vapor products. Macroscopic examinations and terminal organ weights revealed no observations associated with exposure to PG/W or reference. Food consumption and body weights were unaffected by PG/W or reference when compared to sham. No exposure related alterations were observed in serum chemistry, hematology, coagulation, urinalysis or BALF cytology and clinical chemistry. Although clinical observations of dried red material around the nose in the high dose PG/W group were reported, histopathology showed no nasal hemorrhaging which was previously reported by Suber et al. Non-adverse PG/W and reference related findings of minimal mucous cell hyperplasia were noted in nasal cavity section II. No other exposure-related findings were noted in the primary or recovery necropsies. A systems toxicology analysis on lung tissue showed no statistically significant differentially expressed transcripts or proteins compared to the sham group. The endpoints measured from the PG/W high dose group did not differ significantly from those in the more common carrier PG/VG/W. As anticipated, exposure to PG aerosols was slightly irritating but well tolerated. Accordingly, the highest PG exposure (5 mg/L, 6 hrs/day) was regarded as the NOAEC, corresponding to a PG delivered dose of 1,152 mg/kg/day in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Langston
- Altria Client Services LLC, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - J Randazzo
- Charles River Laboratories, Ashland, OH, USA
| | - U Kogel
- Phillip Morris International, Neuchatel CH, Switzerland
| | - J Hoeng
- Phillip Morris International, Neuchatel CH, Switzerland
| | - F Martin
- Phillip Morris International, Neuchatel CH, Switzerland
| | - B Titz
- Phillip Morris International, Neuchatel CH, Switzerland
| | - E Guedj
- Phillip Morris International, Neuchatel CH, Switzerland
| | - T Schneider
- Phillip Morris International, Neuchatel CH, Switzerland
| | - B Prabhakar
- Lancaster Laboratories, Inc., Lancaster, PA, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Altria Client Services LLC, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - M Oldham
- Oldham Associates LLC, Manakin Sabot, VA, USA
| | - KM Lee
- Altria Client Services LLC, Richmond, VA, USA
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Abstract
CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), a zinc finger protein, is a transcription factor and regulator of chromatin structure. Forebrain excitatory neuron-specific CTCF deficiency contributes to inflammation via enhanced transcription of inflammation-related genes in the cortex and hippocampus. However, little is known about the long-term effect of CTCF deficiency on postnatal neurons, astrocytes, or microglia in the hippocampus of adult mice. To address this, we knocked out the Ctcf gene in forebrain glutamatergic neurons (Ctcf cKO) by crossing Ctcf-floxed mice with Camk2a-Cre mice and examined the hippocampi of 7.5-10-month-old male mice using immunofluorescence microscopy. We found obvious neuronal cell death and reactive gliosis in the hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA)1 in 7.5-10-month-old cKO mice. Prominent rod-shaped microglia that participate in immune surveillance were observed in the stratum pyramidale and radiatum layer, indicating a potential increase in inflammatory mediators released by hippocampal neurons. Although neuronal loss was not observed in CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) CTCF depletion induced a significant increase in the number of microglia in the stratum oriens of CA3 and reactive microgliosis and astrogliosis in the molecular layer and hilus of the DG in 7.5-10-month-old cKO mice. These results suggest that long-term Ctcf deletion from forebrain excitatory neurons may contribute to reactive gliosis induced by neuronal damage and consequent neuronal loss in the hippocampal CA1, DG, and CA3 in sequence over 7 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Kwak
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neural Circuitry and Physiology, Department of Anatomy, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neural Circuitry and Physiology, Department of Anatomy, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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Kwak JH, Lee YK, Jun MH, Roh M, Seo H, Lee J, Lee K, Lee JA. Autophagy activity contributes to the impairment of social recognition in Epac2 -/- mice. Mol Brain 2021; 14:100. [PMID: 34183057 PMCID: PMC8240198 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that regulates cellular homeostasis. It is constitutively active in neurons and controls the essential steps of neuronal development, leading to its dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders. Although mTOR-associated impaired autophagy has previously been reported in neurodevelopmental disorders, there is lack of information about the dysregulation of mTOR-independent autophagy in neurodevelopmental disorders. In this study, we investigated whether the loss of Epac2, involved in the mTOR-independent pathway, affects autophagy activity and whether the activity of autophagy is associated with social-behavioral phenotypes in mice with Epac2 deficiencies. We observed an accumulation of autophagosomes and a significant increase in autophagic flux in Epac2-deficient neurons, which had no effect on mTOR activity. Next, we examined whether an increase in autophagic activity contributed to the social behavior exhibited in Epac2-/- mice. The social recognition deficit observed in Epac2-/- mice recovered in double transgenic Epac2-/-: Atg5+/- mice. Our study suggests that excessive autophagy due to Epac2 deficiencies may contribute to social recognition defects through an mTOR-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Kwak
- Behavioral Neural Circuitry and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - You-Kyung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Nanotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hee Jun
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Nanotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mootaek Roh
- Behavioral Neural Circuitry and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Hyunhyo Seo
- Behavioral Neural Circuitry and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Behavioral Neural Circuitry and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Behavioral Neural Circuitry and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea.
| | - Jin-A Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Nanotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Wong KY, Mak MWH, Lee KM, Lee KF. A Case of Hyperreactio Luteinalis Complicated With Biochemical Hyperandrogenism, Symptomatic Hyperthyroidism and Preeclampsia. J Endocr Soc 2021. [PMCID: PMC8090445 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hyperreactio luteinalis (HL) describes the development of multiple large ovarian cysts during pregnancy, which regress post-partum. We report a case of HL complicated with preeclampsia, biochemical hyperandrogenism and hyperthyroidism. Clinical Case: A 31-year-old non-obese Chinese woman presented at 14-week gestation for lower abdominal pain. USG showed a single fetus, multiple ovarian cysts with largest measured 39.5ml. She complained of hand tremor, palpitation but no vomiting. She had no goiter, orbitopathy or family history of thyroid disease. fT4 was 23.1pmol/L (normal: 9.8-19.8pmol/L) and TSH was <0.01mIU/L. Anti-TG, anti-TPO and anti-TSHR antibodies were negative. She had history of silent miscarriage at 6-week gestation in her first pregnancy 2 years ago, USG showed normal ovaries at that time. Carbimazole was started at 16-week gestation for fT4 26.6pmol/L (normal: 9.4-18.5pmol/L). The largest ovarian cyst increased to 130ml at 19-week gestation. Serum β-hCG was 251926IU/L (normal: 4060-165400IU/L). HL with hCG-mediated hyperthyroidism was suspected. Serum total testosterone was 22.9nmol/L (normal: 2.2-10.7nmol/L) and serum androstenedione was 70.5nmol/L (normal: 0.28-9.81nmol/L). Ferriham Gallwey score was 4. fT4 fell to 13.8pmol/L (normal: 8.8-17.0pmol/L) but TSH remained suppressed. Carbimazole was stopped at 22-week gestation with no rebound in fT4 level. She developed preeclampsia and GDM at 27-week gestation. IUGR was evident despite decreasing β-hCG level and ovarian cyst shrinkage. She had emergency LSCS for severe preeclampsia at 33-week gestation. A 1510g female baby with normal genitalia was delivered. Placenta pathology was normal. 2 days after delivery, β-hCG fell to 7081IU/L; fT4 was 9.9pmol/L (normal: 9-19pmol/L) and TSH was 0.25mIU/L (normal: 0.35-4.5mIU/L). Clinical Lessons: 1) hCG stimulates growth of ovarian stroma and androgen secretion, results in virilization in 30% of HL patients. However, only 5% of patients had hyperthyroidism. LH and hCG are structurally similar and bind to the same receptor. In contrast, hCG is a weak agonist of TSH receptor: a hCG level of more than 100000IU/L is required to cause clinical thyrotoxicosis. Since 30% of HL patients have normal hCG level, this may explain the lower incidence of hyperthyroidism than hyperandrogenism. 2) Degree of maternal virilization does not correlate with testosterone level. Study by Condic et al. found significant overlap of testosterone levels in women with (13.7-197.5nmol/l) and without (6.2-37.3nmol/l) virilization. Genetic polymorphism of androgen receptor may account for the different clinical manifestation. Fetal virilization is rare, due to protective role of placental aromatase. 3) Elevated hCG in apparently “normal” singleton pregnancy may be due to poor placentation in early gestation and is a risk factor for preeclampsia and IUGR in HL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Wong
- Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - M W H Mak
- Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - K M Lee
- Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - K F Lee
- Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Abstract
The well-known second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) regulates the morphology and physiology of neurons and thus higher cognitive brain functions. The discovery of exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac) as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rap GTPases has shed light on protein kinase A (PKA)-independent functions of cAMP signaling in neural tissues. Studies of cAMP-Epac-mediated signaling in neurons under normal and disease conditions also revealed its diverse contributions to neurodevelopment, synaptic remodeling, and neurotransmitter release, as well as learning, memory, and emotion. In this mini-review, the various roles of Epac isoforms, including Epac1 and Epac2, highly expressed in neural tissues are summarized, and controversies or issues are highlighted that need to be resolved to uncover the critical functions of Epac in neural tissues and the potential for a new therapeutic target of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Lee
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neural Circuitry and Physiology, Department of Anatomy, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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Servetto A, Kollipara R, Formisano L, Lin CC, Lee KM, Sudhan DR, Hanker AB, Chatterjee S, Guerrero-Zotano A, Gonzalez-Ericsson P, Mendiratta S, Akamatsu H, James N, Kittler R, Arteaga CL. Abstract GS1-06: FGFR1 associates with gene promoters and regulates gene transcription: Implications for endocrine resistance in ER+/FGFR1-amplified breast cancer. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs20-gs1-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: FGFR1 amplification occurs in ~ 15% of ER+ breast cancers. In these tumors, nuclear FGFR1 has been shown to interact with DNA, but its role in transcriptional regulation is unclear. Thus, we investigated the genomic role of FGFR1 in ER+/FGFR1-amplified breast cancer. Results: FGFR1 ChIP-Seq detected 4,412 DNA binding sites in CAMA1 ER+/FGFR1-amplified breast cancer cells cultured in estrogen-free conditions. Of these binding sites, 67% were enriched at promoter regions. ChIP-qPCR confirmed FGFR1 binding to several promoter regions in a second ER+/FGFR1-amplified cell line, MDA-MB-134, and a patient derived xenograft, HCI-011. To determine the nuclear FGFR1 interactome, we performed FLAG immunoprecipitation of mixed nuclear and chromatin fractions of CAMA1 cells transduced with a 3XFLAG-FGFR1 plasmid, followed by mass spectrometry (MS) of FLAG antibody pulldowns. MS revealed RNA Polymerase II subunits among the top nuclear FGFR1 interacting proteins. FGFR1 mainly bound Pol II phosphorylated on Ser5 (Pol II S5P), a marker of transcription initiation, in CAMA1, MDA-MB-134 and HCI-011 cell extracts. Pol II S5P ChIP-Seq revealed that 2,867/4,412 (65%) FGFR1 peaks were shared with Pol II S5P. ChIP-Seq also showed that 95% of FGFR1 peaks overlapped with both H3K4me3 and H3K27ac, markers of active transcription. Consistent with these results, RNA-Seq of CAMA1 cells showed that expression of FGFR1-bound genes was markedly higher than non FGFR1-bound genes (p<0.0001), suggesting that FGFR1 binds to actively transcribed genes. In addition to Pol II, MS detected FOXA1 among FGFR1 interacting proteins. ChIP-Seq analysis revealed FOXA1 enriched at FGFR1-bound loci. siRNA-mediated FOXA1 knockdown reduced FGFR1 distribution to several genomic loci in CAMA1 cells, as measured by FGFR1 ChIP-Seq, suggesting that FOXA1 mediates FGFR1 recruitment to chromatin. We next transduced MCF-7 cells with an FGFR1(SP-)(NLS) plasmid, where the NLS sequence forces nuclear import of the resulting protein. To determine the role of FGFR1 on transcriptional regulation, we used Binding and Expression Target Analysis (BETA), integrating FGFR1 ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq results from MCF7FGFR1(SP-)(NLS) vs MCF7EV cells. This analysis predicted a direct role for genomic-bound FGFR1 in activating gene expression (p=8.01e-6). MCF7FGFR1(SP-)(NLS) cells were markedly less sensitive to fulvestrant compared to control cells. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of the 1,009 genes upregulated in MCF7FGFR1(SP-)(NLS) cells and bound by FGFR1 at a genomic level revealed a strong enrichment of estrogen response early (q=2.2e-44) and late (q=6.4e-33) genes, suggesting that nuclear FGFR1 induces an ERα-associated transcriptional profile that may contribute to endocrine resistance. Finally, an expression signature associated with nuclear FGFR1 correlated with endocrine resistance in three cohorts of patients with ER+ breast cancer treated with aromatase inhibitors. We next studied the effect of growth factor stimulation on FGFR1 transcriptional function. Stimulation with FGF2 enhanced nuclear FGFR1 import in CAMA1 cells, as well as FGFR1-Pol II S5P association. Notably, these effects were not abrogated by treatment with the FGFR1 inhibitor erdafitinib. ChIP-Seq revealed that erdafitinib did not impair the FGFR1 genomic distribution. These results do not support a causal link between the FGFR1 activated TK and the receptor’s activity in the nucleus. Conclusions: We have demonstrated a role for nuclear FGFR1 in transcriptional regulation in breast cancer. FGFR1-induced gene expression contributes to endocrine resistance and is not affected by FGFR TKIs. These findings provide a rationale for developing treatment strategies to inhibit nuclear FGFR1 in ER+/FGFR1-amplified breast cancer.
Citation Format: Alberto Servetto, Rahul Kollipara, Luigi Formisano, Chang-Ching Lin, Kyung-min Lee, Dhivya R Sudhan, Ariella B Hanker, Sumanta Chatterjee, Angel Guerrero-Zotano, Paula Gonzalez-Ericsson, Saurabh Mendiratta, Hiroaki Akamatsu, Nicholas James, Ralf Kittler, Carlos L Arteaga. FGFR1 associates with gene promoters and regulates gene transcription: Implications for endocrine resistance in ER+/FGFR1-amplified breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr GS1-06.
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Choi DI, Kim M, Kim S, Yu NK, Kwak C, Seo H, Lee K, Kaang BK. Conditional knock out of transcription factor CTCF in excitatory neurons induces cognitive deficiency. Mol Brain 2021; 14:1. [PMID: 33402211 PMCID: PMC7784033 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a transcription factor that is involved in organizing chromatin structure. A reduction of CTCF expression is known to develop distinct clinical features. Furthermore, conditional knock out (cKO) study revealed reactive gliosis of astrocytes and microglia followed by age-dependent cell death in the excitatory neurons of CTCF cKO mice. To assess the cognitive ability in CTCF cKO mice of over 20 weeks of age, we examined pairwise discrimination (PD), PD reversal learning (PDr), and different paired-associate learning (dPAL) tasks using a touch screen apparatus. We found cognitive impairment in dPAL touch screen tests, suggesting that prolonged Ctcf gene deficiency results in cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Il Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Myeongwon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Somi Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Nam-Kyung Yu
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Chuljung Kwak
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyunhyo Seo
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neural Circuitry and Physiology, Department of Anatomy, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neural Circuitry and Physiology, Department of Anatomy, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, South Korea.
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Kim S, Kim J, Cho H, Lee K, Ryu C, Lee JH. Trends in the pricing and reimbursement of new anticancer drugs in South Korea: an analysis of listed anticancer drugs during the past three years. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2020; 21:479-488. [PMID: 33275463 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2021.1860023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to examine patient accessibility to new anticancer drugs including reimbursement coverage, time to listing, and listing price during the recent 3 years after the introduction of alternative pricing and reimbursement pathways in South Korea.Methods: Anticancer drugs were selected for analysis from the new drugs reviewed from January 2017 to March 2020. Descriptive statistics were used to present the levels of the listing prices. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the list price in comparison to the External Reference Price(ERP) and the time to listing.Results: Thirty-two anticancer drugs were included in analysis. The average time to listing for these drugs was 36.7 months. The ratio of the listing price in comparison with Average Adjusted Price from seven reference countries was from 12.6% to 90.2%. Pearson's correlation coefficient for the correlation between the ratio of the listing price to the ERP and the time to listing was -0.37 and was statistically significant (p = 0.035).Conclusions: Policies that relate to the scope of reimbursement, time to reimbursement, and list price should be able to equally reflect patient accessibility and national health insurance finances, as well as the impact on industry as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungju Kim
- Healthcare Group, Lee&Ko, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhong Kim
- Department of Market Access, GlaxoSmithKline Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunyoung Cho
- Department of Market Access, AbbVie Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Department of Patient Access and Public Affairs, Novartis Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiyoung Ryu
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Market Access, Korea Research-based Pharma Industry Association, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effect of intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering medications on myopic retinoschisis. Methods The medical records of 33 patients (36 eyes) with myopic retinoschisis associated with pathologic myopia were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups: the study group comprising patients undergoing treatment with anti-glaucoma medications for suspected glaucoma; the control group comprising patients who did not use any IOP lowering medications. The changes in retinoschisis in the two groups were compared using the Spectralis domain optical coherence tomography thickness map protocol. Results The study group included 18 eyes (17 patients), and the control group included 18 eyes (16 patients). There were no significant differences between the 6-month and 12-month improvement or aggravation rates of the two groups (p = 0.513 and 0.137, respectively). However, after 18 months, the aggravation rate of retinoschisis was significantly lower in the study group (p = 0.003). The improvement / aggravation rate was 58.33% / 16.67% in the study group and 0% / 57.14% in the control group. Conclusions The use of IOP-lowering medications for more than a year may be useful for the management of retinoschisis associated with pathologic myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuhwan Jang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hangil Eye Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Junghwa Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hangil Eye Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hangil Eye Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Mi Jeung Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hangil Eye Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Joonhong Sohn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hangil Eye Hospital, Incheon, Korea
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Lee K, Lee SH, Kim W, Lee J, Park JG, Kim JS, Kim JT, Kang YE, Shong M, Lee HJ, Kim JM, Kim WG, Koo BS, Kim KS, Min JK. Dsg2-mediated c-Met activation in anaplastic thyroid cancer motility and invasion. Endocr Relat Cancer 2020; 27:601-614. [PMID: 33022637 DOI: 10.1530/erc-19-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rapidly growing, highly metastatic cancer with limited therapeutic alternatives, thus targeted therapies need to be developed. This study aimed to examine desmoglein 2 (Dsg2) expression in ATC and its biological role and potential as a therapeutic target in ATC. Consequently, Dsg2 was downregulated or aberrantly expressed in ATC tissues. ATC patients with low Dsg2 expression levels also presented with distant metastasis. Dsg2 depletion significantly increased cell migration and invasion, with a relatively limited effect on ATC cell proliferation in vitro and increased distant metastasis in vivo. Dsg2 knockdown induced cell motility through the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR, c-Met)/Src/Rac1 signaling axis, with no alterations in the expression of EMT-related molecules. Further, specific targeting of c-Met significantly inhibited the motility of shDsg2-depleted ATC cells. Decreased membrane Dsg2 expression increased the metastatic potential of ATC cells. These results indicate that Dsg2 plays an important role in ATC cell migration and invasiveness. Therapies targeting c-Met might be effective among ATC patients with low membrane Dsg2 expression levels, indicating that the analysis of Dsg2 expression potentially provides novel insights into treatment strategies for ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooil Kim
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangwook Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Gil Park
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Seong Kim
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Gu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon Seok Koo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Daejeon Endo Internal Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Min
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Roh M, Lee H, Seo H, Lim CS, Park P, Choi JE, Kwak JH, Lee J, Kaang BK, McHugh TJ, Lee K. Perseverative stereotypic behavior of Epac2 KO mice in a reward-based decision making task. Neurosci Res 2020; 161:8-17. [PMID: 33007326 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Successfully navigating dynamic environments requires balancing the decision to stay at an optimal choice with that to switch to an alternative to acquire new knowledge. However, the genetic factors and cellular activity shaping this "stay or switch" action decision remains largely unidentified. Here we find that mice carrying a deletion of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 2 (Epac2) gene, a putative autism locus, exhibit perseverative "stay" behavior in a dynamic foraging task. Anatomical analysis found that the loss of Epac2 resulted in a significant decrease in the density of PV-expressing interneurons in the ventrolateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and dorsal striatum (dSTR). Further, in vitro whole cell patch clamp recordings of PV+ GABAergic interneurons in the dSTR revealed altered neural activity in Epac2 KO mice in response to dopamine. Our findings highlight a potential role of Epac2 in structural changes and neural responses of PV-expressing GABAergic interneurons in the ventrolateral OFC and dSTR during value-based reinforcement learning and link Epac2 function to abnormal decision-making processes and perseverative behaviors seen in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mootaek Roh
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| | - Hyunhyo Seo
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| | - Chae-Seok Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, South Korea
| | - Pojeong Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Ja Eun Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Kwak
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Thomas J McHugh
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, South Korea.
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Lee K, Lee GH. Application of 3D tooth model for monitoring of implant space and inter-root distance without radiographs: a proof of concept study. Int J Implant Dent 2020; 6:55. [PMID: 32996097 PMCID: PMC7524905 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-020-00253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiographs are integral in evaluating implant space and inter-root distance. The purpose of this report is to introduce a method for evaluating the 3D root position with minimal radiation using a 3D tooth model composed of an intraoral-scanned crown and a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-scanned root. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intraoral scan and CBCT scan of the patient were obtained before treatment. In the CBCT image, tooth segmentation was performed by isolating individual teeth from the maxillary and mandibular alveolar bone using software program. The 3D tooth model was fabricated by combining segmented individual teeth with the intraoral scan. RESULTS A post-treatment intraoral scan was integrated into the tooth model, and the resulting position of the root could be predicted without additional radiographs. It is possible to monitor the root position after a pretreatment CBCT scan using a 3D tooth model without additional radiographs. CONCLUSION The application of the 3D tooth model benefits the patient by reducing repeated radiation exposure while providing the clinician with a precise treatment evaluation to monitor tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, 33 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
| | - Gyu-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, 33 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
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Kwak JH, Kim S, Yu NK, Seo H, Choi JE, Kim JI, Choi DI, Kim MW, Kwak C, Lee K, Kaang BK. Loss of the neuronal genome organizer and transcription factor CTCF induces neuronal death and reactive gliosis in the anterior cingulate cortex. Genes Brain Behav 2020; 20:e12701. [PMID: 32909350 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a genome organizer that regulates gene expression through transcription and chromatin structure regulation. CTCF also plays an important role during the developmental and adult stages. Cell-specific CTCF deletion studies have shown that a reduction in CTCF expression leads to the development of distinct clinical features and cognitive disorders. Therefore, we knocked out Ctcf (CTCF cKO) in the excitatory neurons of the forebrain in a Camk2a-Cre mouse strain to examine the role of CTCF in cell death and gliosis in the cortex. CTCF cKO mice were viable, but they demonstrated an age-dependent increase in reactive gliosis of astrocytes and microglia in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) from 16 weeks of age prior to neuronal loss observed at over 20 weeks of age. Consistent with these data, qRT-PCR analysis of the CTCF cKO ACC revealed changes in the expression of inflammation-related genes (Hspa1a, Prokr2 and Itga8) linked to gliosis and neuronal death. Our results suggest that prolonged Ctcf gene deficiency in excitatory neurons results in neuronal cell death and gliosis, possibly through functional changes in inflammation-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Kwak
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neural Circuitry and Physiology, Department of Anatomy, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Somi Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nam-Kyung Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunhyo Seo
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neural Circuitry and Physiology, Department of Anatomy, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ja Eun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Il Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Il Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung Won Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chuljung Kwak
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neural Circuitry and Physiology, Department of Anatomy, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee J, Lee K. Parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneurons and perineuronal nets in the prelimbic and orbitofrontal cortices in association with basal anxiety-like behaviors in adult mice. Behav Brain Res 2020; 398:112915. [PMID: 32949644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) GABAergic interneurons are the principal inhibitory interneurons in the cortex, and a decrease in their number or PV protein expression is associated with changes in brain function. PV+ neurons are surrounded by the perineuronal net (PNN), a reticular extracellular matrix structure surrounding the soma and proximal dendrites. Although the prefrontal cortex is critically involved in anxiety-like behavior, it is not known how cortical PV+ neurons enwrapped with PNN contribute to basal anxiety behavior. To address the issue, we employed Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) to label the PNN and measured the densities and PV immunofluorescence of PV+ neurons, including those enwrapped with PNN (i.e., PV+WFA+ neurons) in the orbitofrontal (OFC) and prelimbic cortices of mice whose basal anxiety levels had been assessed in the open field test. We found that these densities, but not PV expression according to immunofluorescence intensity, were positively correlated with the percentage of time spent and the distance traveled in the center of an open field. Thus, these data demonstrate that the densities of OFC PV+ and PV+WFA+ neurons are significantly inversely correlated with basal anxiety levels of adult mice measured in the open field test and may represent a target for future anxiolytic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Lee
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neural Circuitry and Physiology, Department of Anatomy, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neural Circuitry and Physiology, Department of Anatomy, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, South Korea.
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Lee S, Lee D, Lee K, Park C, Lim H, Park S, Kyungku L, Yun K. Evaluation of Bioabsorbable Mg-Mn Alloy with Anodic Oxidation Treatment. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2020; 20:5625-5628. [PMID: 32331147 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2020.17671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium alloys as biodegradable materials have been examined that may replace bone screws and plates in recent studies. But the velocity control of magnesium alloy is very difficult. Until now, the magnesium alloys degrade very fast, thus it couldn't maintain the function in clinical field. Thus the purpose of this study is to evaluate the degradability of anodized magnesium alloy for control the velocity. For this experiment, a Mg-xMn (x = 0, 0.5, 1 wt%) binary alloy was cast in argon gas (99.99%) atmosphere. The specimens of the surface treatment group were anodized for 15 minutes at a voltage of 120 V at room temperature using calcium gluconate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and sodium hydroxide electrolyte. For the mechanical test, SEM, roughness test, hardness test were examined. The degradation test was conducted to measure the hydrogen gas formation volume. For biologic test, cell viability were tested. After anodic oxidation treatment, the surface showed the crater formation, the size of craters were about 200~300 nm. Among nonanodized group, the Mg-0.5Mn showed the highest Vickers hardness and cell viability. However for biodegradability test, Mg-1Mn showed the lowest the hydrogen gas formation. For anodic oxidation treatment, anodic oxidation treatment makes rougher surface, higher hardness, good cell response and lower degradation rate. Overall, anodized Mg-1Mn showed the possibility for clinical application in bone screw and bone plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyun Lee
- Cheong Dental Clinic, Gwangju, 62276, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyun Lee
- Doctorplant Dental Clinic, Seoul 07304, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunphil Lim
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Kyungku
- Gihyeon Tech. Co. Ltd., Gwangju 61008, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwidug Yun
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Jung SN, Kang YE, Lee GH, Liu L, Oh C, Jin YL, Lim MA, Lee K, Oh T, Won HR, Chang JW, Koo BS. Brn3a/Pou4f1 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor by Targeting c-MET/STAT3 Signaling in Thyroid Cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5849340. [PMID: 32474599 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brn3a/Pou4f1 is a class IV POU domain-containing transcription factor and has been found to be expressed in a variety of cancers. However, the mechanism and action of Brn3a in thyroid cancer has not been investigated. PURPOSE To investigate the role of Brn3a in thyroid cancer progression and its clinical implication. METHODS We examined Brn3a expression status in patients with thyroid cancer and analyzed relationships between Brn3a expression and clinicopathological findings using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. For functional in vitro analysis, proliferation, migration, invasion assay, and Western blotting were performed after overexpression or suppression of Brn3a. RESULTS The promoter hypermethylation of Brn3a was found in patients with aggressive thyroid cancer and Brn3a was downregulated in tissues of patients with thyroid cancer. In TCGA database, the low-Brn3a-expression group revealed a more aggressive phenotype, including T stage and extrathyroid extension when compared with the high-Brn3a-expression group. Overexpression of Brn3a suppressed cell migration and invasion via regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated proteins in thyroid cancer cell lines. Brn3a overexpression also downregulated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling through suppression of tyrosine-protein kinase Met (c-MET). In contrast, knockdown of Brn3a by small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) significantly increased cell migration and invasion through upregulation of c-MET/STAT3. These results imply that Brn3a suppresses tumor metastasis via c-MET/STAT3 inhibition and EMT suppression in thyroid cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that Brn3a is a potential tumor suppressor that leads to reduced cancer cell migration and invasion in thyroid cancer. Elucidation of the Brn3a-regulated cancer pathways may therefore provide novel therapeutic strategies to control thyroid cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Nam Jung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Gun Ho Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chan Oh
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yan Li Jin
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mi Ae Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Taejeong Oh
- Research and Development Center, Genomictree Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Ryun Won
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Won Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Bon Seok Koo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Hyun NG, Hyun K, Oh S, Lee K. Analysis of temperature-dependent abnormal bursting patterns of neurons in Aplysia. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 24:349-362. [PMID: 32587129 PMCID: PMC7317177 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.4.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Temperature affects the firing pattern and electrical activity of neurons in animals, eliciting diverse responses depending on neuronal cell type. However, the mechanisms underlying such diverse responses are not well understood. In the present study, we performed in vitro recording of abdominal ganglia cells of Aplysia juliana, and analyzed their burst firing patterns. We identified atypical bursting patterns dependent on temperature that were totally different from classical bursting patterns observed in R15 neurons of A. juliana. We classified these abnormal bursting patterns into type 1 and type 2; type 1 abnormal single bursts are composed of two kinds of spikes with a long interspike interval (ISI) followed by short ISI regular firing, while type 2 abnormal single bursts are composed of complex multiplets. To investigate the mechanism underlying the temperature dependence of abnormal bursting, we employed simulations using a modified Plant model and determined that the temperature dependence of type 2 abnormal bursting is related to temperature-dependent scaling factors and activation or inactivation of potassium or sodium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Gyu Hyun
- Department of Physics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | | | - Saecheol Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943, Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neural Circuitry and Physiology, Department of Anatomy, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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Lee K, Go G, Yoo A, Kang B, Choi E, Park JO, Kim CS. Wearable Fixation Device for a Magnetically Controllable Therapeutic Agent Carrier: Application to Cartilage Repair. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E593. [PMID: 32604748 PMCID: PMC7355457 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, significant research efforts have been devoted toward the development of magnetically controllable drug delivery systems, however, drug fixation after targeting remains a challenge hindering long-term therapeutic efficacy. To overcome this issue, we present a wearable therapeutic fixation device for fixing magnetically controllable therapeutic agent carriers (MCTACs) at defect sites and its application to cartilage repair using stem cell therapeutics. The developed device comprises an array of permanent magnets based on the Halbach array principle and a wearable band capable of wrapping the target body. The design of the permanent magnet array, in terms of the number of magnets and array configuration, was determined through univariate search optimization and 3D simulation. The device was fabricated for a given rat model and yielded a strong magnetic flux density (exceeding 40 mT) in the region of interest that was capable of fixing the MCTAC at the desired defect site. Through in-vitro and in-vivo experiments, we successfully demonstrated that MCTACs, both a stem cell spheroid and a micro-scaffold for cartilage repair, could be immobilized at defect sites. This research is expected to advance precise drug delivery technology based on MCTACs, enabling subject-specific routine life therapeutics. Further studies involving the proposed wearable fixation device will be conducted considering prognostics under actual clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (K.L.); (G.G.); (E.C.)
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju 61011, Korea; (A.Y.); (B.K.)
| | - Gwangjun Go
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (K.L.); (G.G.); (E.C.)
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju 61011, Korea; (A.Y.); (B.K.)
| | - Ami Yoo
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju 61011, Korea; (A.Y.); (B.K.)
| | - Byungjeon Kang
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju 61011, Korea; (A.Y.); (B.K.)
| | - Eunpyo Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (K.L.); (G.G.); (E.C.)
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju 61011, Korea; (A.Y.); (B.K.)
| | - Jong-Oh Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (K.L.); (G.G.); (E.C.)
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju 61011, Korea; (A.Y.); (B.K.)
| | - Chang-Sei Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (K.L.); (G.G.); (E.C.)
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju 61011, Korea; (A.Y.); (B.K.)
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