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Stałanowska K, Szablińska-Piernik J, Okorski A, Lahuta LB. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Affect Early Seedlings' Growth and Polar Metabolite Profiles of Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) and Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14992. [PMID: 37834440 PMCID: PMC10573449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in agriculture creates a risk of soil contamination with ZnO NPs, which can lead to phytotoxic effects on germinating seeds and seedlings. In the present study, the susceptibility of germinating seeds/seedlings of pea and wheat to ZnO NPs of various sizes (≤50 and ≤100 nm) applied at concentrations in the range of 100-1000 mg/L was compared. Changes in metabolic profiles in seedlings were analyzed by GC and GC-MS methods. The size-dependent harmful effect of ZnO NPs on the seedling's growth was revealed. The more toxic ZnO NPs (50 nm) at the lowest concentration (100 mg/L) caused a 2-fold decrease in the length of the wheat roots. In peas, the root elongation was slowed down by 20-30% only at 1000 mg/L ZnO NPs. The metabolic response to ZnO NPs, common for all tested cultivars of pea and wheat, was a significant increase in sucrose (in roots and shoots) and GABA (in roots). In pea seedlings, an increased content of metabolites involved in the aspartate-glutamate pathway and the TCA cycle (citrate, malate) was found, while in wheat, the content of total amino acids (in all tissues) and malate (in roots) decreased. Moreover, a decrease in products of starch hydrolysis (maltose and glucose) in wheat endosperm indicates the disturbances in starch mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Stałanowska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (J.S.-P.)
| | - Joanna Szablińska-Piernik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (J.S.-P.)
| | - Adam Okorski
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Łódzki 5, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Lesław B. Lahuta
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (J.S.-P.)
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Lahuta LB, Górecki RJ, Szablińska-Piernik J, Horbowicz M. Changes in the Carbohydrate Profile in Common Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Seedlings Induced by Cold Stress and Dehydration. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050672. [PMID: 37233712 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant species are sensitive to stresses, especially at the seedling stage, and they respond to these conditions by making metabolic changes to counteract the negative effects of this. The objectives of this study were to determine carbohydrate profile in particular organs (roots, hypocotyl, and cotyledons) of common buckwheat seedlings and to verify whether carbohydrate accumulation is similar or not in the organs in response to cold stress and dehydration. Roots, hypocotyl, and cotyledons of common buckwheat seedlings have various saccharide compositions. The highest concentrations of cyclitols, raffinose, and stachyose were found in the hypocotyl, indicating that they may be transported from cotyledons, although this needs further studies. Accumulation of raffinose and stachyose is a strong indicator of the response of all buckwheat organs to introduced cold stress. Besides, cold conditions reduced d-chiro-inositol content, but did not affect d-pinitol level. Enhanced accumulation of raffinose and stachyose were also a distinct response of all organs against dehydration at ambient temperature. The process causes also a large decrease in the content of d-pinitol in buckwheat hypocotyl, which may indicate its transformation to d-chiro-inositol whose content increased at that time. In general, the sucrose and its galactosides in hypocotyl tissues were subject to the highest changes to the applied cold and dehydration conditions compared to the cotyledons and roots. This may indicate tissue differences in the functioning of the protective system(s) against such threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesław B Lahuta
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1a, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ryszard J Górecki
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1a, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Szablińska-Piernik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1a, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marcin Horbowicz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1a, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Lahuta LB, Szablińska-Piernik J, Stałanowska K, Horbowicz M, Górecki RJ, Railean V, Pomastowski P, Buszewski B. Exogenously Applied Cyclitols and Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Affect the Soluble Carbohydrate Profiles of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Seedling. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1627. [PMID: 37111851 PMCID: PMC10145852 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cyclitols, such as myo-inositol and its isomers and methyl derivatives (i.e., d-chiro-inositol and d-pinitol (3-O-methyl-chiro-inositol)), are classified as osmolytes and osmoprotectants and are significantly involved in plant responses to abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity and cold. Moreover, d-pinitol demonstrates a synergistic effect with glutathione (GSH), increasing its antioxidant properties. However, the role of cyclitols in plant protection against stresses caused by metal nanoparticles is not yet known. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of myo-inositol, d-chiro-inositol and d-pinitol on wheat germination, seedling growth and changes in the profile of soluble carbohydrates in response to biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles ((Bio)Ag NPs). It was found that cyclitols were absorbed by germinating grains and transported within the growing seedlings but this process was disrupted by (Bio)Ag NPs. Cyclitols applied alone induced sucrose and 1-kestose accumulation in seedlings slightly, while (Bio)Ag NP doubled the concentrations of both sugars. This coincided with a decrease in monosaccharides; i.e., fructose and glucose. Cyclitols and (Bio)Ag NPs present in the endosperm resulted in reductions in monosaccharides, maltose and maltotriose, with no effect on sucrose and 1-kestose. Similar changes occurred in seedlings developing from primed grains. Cyclitols that accumulated in grain and seedlings during grain priming with d-pinitol and glutathione did not prevent the phytotoxic effects of (Bio)Ag NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesław B. Lahuta
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 1A/103, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Szablińska-Piernik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 1A/103, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Karolina Stałanowska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 1A/103, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marcin Horbowicz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 1A/103, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ryszard J. Górecki
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 1A/103, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Viorica Railean
- Department of Infectious, Invasive Diseases and Veterinary Administration, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Saniewski M, Szablińska-Piernik J, Marasek-Ciołakowska A, Mitrus J, Góraj-Koniarska J, Lahuta LB, Wiczkowski W, Miyamoto K, Ueda J, Horbowicz M. Accumulation of Anthocyanins in Detached Leaves of Kalanchoë blossfeldiana: Relevance to the Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on This Process. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010626. [PMID: 36614068 PMCID: PMC9820172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of anthocyanins in detached leaves and in excised stems of Kalanchoë blossfeldiana kept under natural light conditions in the presence or absence of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) was investigated. When the abaxial surface of detached leaves was held lower than the adaxial surface (the normal or natural position) under natural light conditions, anthocyanins were not accumulated on the abaxial side of the leaves. In contrast, when the adaxial surface of detached leaves was held lower than the abaxial surface (inverted position), anthocyanins were highly accumulated on the abaxial side of the leaves. These phenomena were independent of the growth stage of K. blossfeldiana as well as photoperiod. Application of JA-Me in lanolin paste significantly inhibited anthocyanin accumulation induced on the abaxial side of detached leaves held in an inverted position in a dose-dependent manner. Anthocyanin accumulation in the excised stem in response to natural light was also significantly inhibited by JA-Me in lanolin paste. Possible mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation on the abaxial side of detached K. blossfeldiana leaves held in an inverted position under natural light conditions and the inhibitory effect of JA-Me on this process are described. The accompanying changes in the content of primary metabolites and histological analyses were also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Saniewski
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Joanna Szablińska-Piernik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Mitrus
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Justyna Góraj-Koniarska
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Lesław B. Lahuta
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wiesław Wiczkowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Kensuke Miyamoto
- Faculty of Liberal Arts, Sciences and Global Education, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junichi Ueda
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Marcin Horbowicz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.H.)
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Płonka J, Szablińska-Piernik J, Buszewski B, Baranowska I, Lahuta LB. Analyses of Antioxidative Properties of Selected Cyclitols and Their Mixtures with Flavanones and Glutathione. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010158. [PMID: 35011390 PMCID: PMC8746988 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The conditions for determining the antioxidant properties of cyclitols (d-pinitol, l-quebrachitol, myo-, l-chiro-, and d-chiro-inositol), selected flavanones (hesperetin, naringenin, eriodictyol, and liquiritigenin) and glutathione by spectrophotometric methods—CUPRAC and with DPPH radical, and by a chromatographic method DPPH-UHPLC-UV, have been identified. Interactions of the tested compounds and their impact on the ox-red properties were investigated. The RSA (%) of the compounds tested was determined. Very low antioxidative properties of cyclitols, compared with flavanones and glutathione alone, were revealed. However, a significant increase in the determined antioxidative properties of glutathione by methyl-ether derivatives of cyclitols (d-pinitol and l-quebrachitol) was demonstrated for the first time. Thus, cyclitols seem to be a good candidate for creating drugs for the treatment of many diseases associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Płonka
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (J.P.); (I.B.)
| | - Joanna Szablińska-Piernik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A/103A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (J.P.); (I.B.)
| | - Lesław B. Lahuta
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A/103A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Szablińska-Piernik J, Lahuta LB. Metabolite profiling of semi-leafless pea (Pisum sativum L.) under progressive soil drought and subsequent re-watering. J Plant Physiol 2021; 256:153314. [PMID: 33197828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Four semi-leafless pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars at the vegetative stage of growth were exposed to progressive soil drought, which lasted for 18 days until the plants began to wilt, after which a 7-day period of the recovery from stress followed, when plant watering was resumed. The soil drought negatively affected plant growth, slowing down the rate of shoot elongation, decreasing the accumulation of fresh and dry weight, inhibiting the development of new leaves, and delaying the flowering of plants. Changes in the levels of 41 polar metabolites (identified by GC-MS) were established by the GC-FID method in the shoot tip, stem, stipules and tendrils, separately. Drought caused re-arrangement in the metabolism in all parts of the pea shoot, leading to a significant increase in the content of total polar metabolites. Although changes in most metabolites in the same parts of shoot were not identical among the pea cultivars studied, some metabolites were uniformly accumulated until 18th day of drought and decreased after recovery. They were i) proline and malate in all, while myo-inositol in most parts of shoot (of all the pea cultivars), ii) sucrose and glycine in the shoot tip, iii) homoserine in the stem and iv) GABA in stipules. These findings signify that the pea adjustment to progressive soil drought includes both accumulation of osmolytes and osmoprotectants and translocation of some of them (proline, sucrose, myo-inositol) to the shoot tip, thereby protecting the youngest tissues from damage caused by water deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szablińska-Piernik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Street 1A/103A, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Lesław B Lahuta
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Street 1A/103A, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Pupel P, Szablińska-Piernik J, Lahuta LB. Two-step d-ononitol epimerization pathway in Medicago truncatula. Plant J 2019; 100:237-250. [PMID: 31215085 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Methylated inositol, d-pinitol (3-O-methyl-d-chiro-inositol), is a common constituent in legumes. It is synthesized from myo-inositol in two reactions: the first reaction, catalyzed by myo-inositol-O-methyltransferase (IMT), consists of a transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to myo-inositol with the formation of d-ononitol, while the second reaction, catalyzed by d-ononitol epimerase (OEP), involves epimerization of d-ononitol to d-pinitol. To identify the genes involved in d-pinitol biosynthesis in a model legume Medicago truncatula, we conducted a BLAST search on its genome using soybean IMT cDNA as a query and found putative IMT (MtIMT) gene. Subsequent co-expression analysis performed on publicly available microarray data revealed two potential OEP genes: MtOEPA, encoding an aldo-keto reductase and MtOEPB, encoding a short-chain dehydrogenase. cDNAs of all three genes were cloned and expressed as recombinant proteins in E. coli. In vitro assays confirmed that putative MtIMT enzyme catalyzes methylation of myo-inositol to d-ononitol and showed that MtOEPA enzyme has NAD+ -dependent d-ononitol dehydrogenase activity, while MtOEPB enzyme has NADP+ -dependent d-pinitol dehydrogenase activity. Both enzymes are required for epimerization of d-ononitol to d-pinitol, which occurs in the presence of NAD+ and NADPH. Introduction of MtIMT, MtOEPA, and MtOEPB genes into tobacco plants resulted in production of d-ononitol and d-pinitol in transformants. As this two-step pathway of d-ononitol epimerization is coupled with a transfer of reducing equivalents from NADPH to NAD+ , we speculate that one of the functions of this pathway might be regeneration of NADP+ during drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pupel
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Szablińska-Piernik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Lesław B Lahuta
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
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Harańczyk H, Nowak P, Lisowska M, Florek-Wojciechowska M, Lahuta LB, Olech MA. A method of water-soluble solid fraction saturation concentration evaluation in dry thalli of Antarctic lichenized fungi, in vivo. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 6:226-235. [PMID: 28955881 PMCID: PMC5600328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At initial steps of rehydration from cryptobiosis of anhydrobiotic organisms or at rehydration of dry tissues the liquid 1H NMR signal increased anomaly. The surplus in liquid signal may appear if some solid constituents dissolved, or if they were decomposed by enzymatic action. Methods Hydration kinetics, sorption isotherm, 1H NMR spectra and high power relaxometry were applied to monitor gaseous phase rehydration of Antarctic lichen Cetraria aculeata. Tightly and loosely bound water signal were distinguished, and the upper hydration limit for dissolution of water soluble solid fraction was not observed. A simple theoretical model was proposed. Results The hydration courses showed a very tightly bound water fraction, a tightly bound water, and a loosely bound water fraction. Sigmoidal in form sorption isotherm was fitted well by multilayer sorption model. 1H NMR showed one Gaussian signal component from solid matrix of thallus and one or two Lorentzian line components from tightly bound, and from loosely bound water. The hydration dependency of liquid signal was fitted by rational function. Conclusions Although in dehydrated C.aculeata the level of carbohydrates and polyols was low, the lichenase action during rehydration process increased it; the averaged saturation concentration cs=(57.3±12.0)%, which resembled that for sucrose. General significance The proposed method of water soluble solid fraction saturation concentration, cs, calculation from 1H NMR data may be applied for other organisms experiencing extreme dehydration or for dry tissues. We recalculated the published elsewhere data for horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) bast [water-soluble solid fraction recognized as sucrose, cs=(74.5±5.1)%]; and for Usnea antarctica, where cs=0.81±0.04. Hydration kinetics show three fractions of bound water in lichen thallus. Sorption isotherm yields water fraction saturating primary water binding sites. 1H NMR spectra distinguish solid thallus and mobile and immobilized water fractions. Signal intensities supply saturation concentration, cs, of water-soluble solid fraction. A simple theoretical model is proposed and applied also to already published NMR data.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Harańczyk
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - P Nowak
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - M Lisowska
- Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - L B Lahuta
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetic and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - M A Olech
- Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
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Lahuta LB, Pluskota WE, Stelmaszewska J, Szablińska J. Dehydration induces expression of GALACTINOL SYNTHASE and RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE in seedlings of pea (Pisum sativum L.). J Plant Physiol 2014; 171:1306-14. [PMID: 25014266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The exposition of 7-day-old pea seedlings to dehydration induced sudden changes in the concentration of monosaccharides and sucrose in epicotyl and roots tissues. During 24h of dehydration, the concentration of glucose and, to a lesser extent, fructose in seedling tissues decreased. The accumulation of sucrose was observed in roots after 4h and in epicotyls after 8h of stress. Epicotyls and roots also began to accumulate galactinol and raffinose after 8h of stress, when small changes in the water content of tissues occurred. The accumulation of galactinol and raffinose progressed parallel to water withdrawal from tissues, but after seedling rehydration both galactosides disappeared. The synthesis of galactinol and raffinose by an early induction (during the first hour of treatment) of galactinol synthase (PsGolS) and raffinose synthase (PsRS) gene expression as well as a later increase in the activity of both enzymes was noted. Signals possibly triggering the induction of PsGolS and PsRS gene expression and accumulation of galactinol and raffinose in seedlings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesław B Lahuta
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, ul. Oczapowskiego 1A/103, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Wioletta E Pluskota
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, ul. Oczapowskiego 1A/103, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Stelmaszewska
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, ul. Oczapowskiego 1A/103, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Szablińska
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, ul. Oczapowskiego 1A/103, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
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Lahuta LB, Dzik T. D-chiro-inositol affects accumulation of raffinose family oligosaccharides in developing embryos of Pisum sativum. J Plant Physiol 2011; 168:352-8. [PMID: 20947202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Developing garden pea embryos are able to take up exogenously applied cyclitols: myo-inositol, which naturally occurs in pea, and two cyclitols absent in pea plants: d-chiro-inositol and d-pinitol. The competition in the uptake of cyclitols by pea embryo, insensitivity to glucose and sucrose, and susceptibility to inhibitor(s) of H(+)-symporters (e.g. CCCP and antimycin A) suggest that a common cyclitol transporter is involved. Both d-chiro-inositol and d-pinitol can be translocated through the pea plant to developing embryos. During seed maturation drying, they are used for synthesis of mainly mono-galactosides, such as fagopyritol B1 and galactosyl pinitol A. Accumulation of d-chiro-inositol (and formation of fagopyritols), but not d-pinitol, strongly reduces accumulation of verbascose, the main raffinose oligosaccharide in pea seeds. The reasons for the observed changes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesław B Lahuta
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego, Poland.
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Zalewski K, Nitkiewicz B, Lahuta LB, Głowacka K, Socha A, Amarowicz R. Effect of jasmonic acid-methyl ester on the composition of carbohydrates and germination of yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) seeds. J Plant Physiol 2010; 167:967-973. [PMID: 20417986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Mature seeds of yellow lupine contained sucrose, raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), and galactosyl cyclitols as major soluble carbohydrates. The study showed that RFOs dominated in lupine seeds (16% DW). The disappearance of both types of alpha-d-galactosides in germinating lupine seeds was strongly inhibited by the presence of jasmonic acid-methyl ester (JA-Me) at a concentration of 10(-3)M in the incubation medium. JA-Me inhibited the activity of alpha-D-galactosidase (fraction I) during seed germination. Anatomical studies of lupine roots have shown certain cell structure differences between control and JA-Me-treated seedlings. The cross-sections of plant roots treated with JA-Me showed a characteristic folding of the cell walls in all root tissues, starting from the rhyzodermis, cortex and vascular cylinder. In water-treated (control) plants, the cell walls were rounded with no folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazimierz Zalewski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Obendorf RL, McInnis CE, Horbowicz M, Keresztes I, Lahuta LB. Molecular structure of lathyritol, a galactosylbornesitol from Lathyrus odoratus seeds, by NMR. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:1441-6. [PMID: 15854620 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2004] [Accepted: 01/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The molecular structure of galactosyl-D-(-)-bornesitol, a novel compound isolated from sweet pea seeds, was determined to be alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)-1-O-methyl-1D-myo-inositol by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and is assigned the trivial name lathyritol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph L Obendorf
- Seed Biology, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1901, USA.
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Peterbauer T, Lahuta LB, Blöchl A, Mucha J, Jones DA, Hedley CL, Gòrecki RJ, Richter A. Analysis of the raffinose family oligosaccharide pathway in pea seeds with contrasting carbohydrate composition. Plant Physiol 2001; 127:1764-72. [PMID: 11743119 PMCID: PMC133579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2001] [Revised: 07/23/2001] [Accepted: 08/22/2001] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are synthesized by a set of galactosyltransferases, which sequentially add galactose units from galactinol to sucrose. The accumulation of RFOs was studied in maturing seeds of two pea (Pisum sativum) lines with contrasting RFO composition. Seeds of the line SD1 accumulated stachyose as the predominant RFO, whereas verbascose, the next higher homolog of stachyose, was almost absent. In seeds of the line RRRbRb, a high level of verbascose was accumulated alongside with stachyose. The increase in verbascose in developing RRRbRb seeds was associated with galactinol-dependent verbascose synthase activity. In addition, a galactinol-independent enzyme activity was detected, which catalyzed transfer of a galactose residue from one stachyose molecule to another. The two enzyme activities synthesizing verbascose showed an optimum at pH 7.0. Both activities were almost undetectable in SD1. Maximum activity of stachyose synthase was about 4-fold higher in RRRbRb compared with SD1, whereas the activities of galactinol synthase and raffinose synthase were only about 1.5-fold higher in RRRbRb. The levels of galactinol synthase and stachyose synthase activity were reflected by steady-state levels of corresponding mRNAs. We suggest that the accumulation of verbascose in RRRbRb was controlled by a coordinated up-regulation of the last steps of verbascose biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Peterbauer
- Chemical Physiology of Plants, Institute of Ecology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Peterbauer T, Lahuta LB, Blöchl A, Mucha J, Jones DA, Hedley CL, Gòrecki RJ, Richter A. Analysis of the raffinose family oligosaccharide pathway in pea seeds with contrasting carbohydrate composition. Plant Physiol 2001. [PMID: 11743119 DOI: 10.1104/pp.010534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are synthesized by a set of galactosyltransferases, which sequentially add galactose units from galactinol to sucrose. The accumulation of RFOs was studied in maturing seeds of two pea (Pisum sativum) lines with contrasting RFO composition. Seeds of the line SD1 accumulated stachyose as the predominant RFO, whereas verbascose, the next higher homolog of stachyose, was almost absent. In seeds of the line RRRbRb, a high level of verbascose was accumulated alongside with stachyose. The increase in verbascose in developing RRRbRb seeds was associated with galactinol-dependent verbascose synthase activity. In addition, a galactinol-independent enzyme activity was detected, which catalyzed transfer of a galactose residue from one stachyose molecule to another. The two enzyme activities synthesizing verbascose showed an optimum at pH 7.0. Both activities were almost undetectable in SD1. Maximum activity of stachyose synthase was about 4-fold higher in RRRbRb compared with SD1, whereas the activities of galactinol synthase and raffinose synthase were only about 1.5-fold higher in RRRbRb. The levels of galactinol synthase and stachyose synthase activity were reflected by steady-state levels of corresponding mRNAs. We suggest that the accumulation of verbascose in RRRbRb was controlled by a coordinated up-regulation of the last steps of verbascose biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Peterbauer
- Chemical Physiology of Plants, Institute of Ecology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Szczeciński P, Gryff-Keller A, Horbowicz M, Lahuta LB. Galactosylpinitols isolated from vetch (Vicia villosa roth.) seeds. J Agric Food Chem 2000; 48:2717-2720. [PMID: 10898611 DOI: 10.1021/jf000182g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Three alpha-galactosides of D-pinitol: 1D-O-(alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1-->2)-4-O-methyl-chiro-inositol, 1, 1D-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1- ->2)-4-O-methyl-chiro-inositol, 2, and 1D-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-- >6)-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-4-O-methyl-chiro-inositol, 3, present in vetch seeds, were isolated, purified, and quantitatively determined using column and high-resolution gas chromatography. Their structures were established by (1)H and (13)C NMR 1D and 2D techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Szczeciński
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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