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Jaradat H, Hryniewicz BM, Pašti IA, Valério TL, Al-Hamry A, Marchesi LF, Vidotti M, Kanoun O. Detection of H. pylori outer membrane protein (HopQ) biomarker using electrochemical impedimetric immunosensor with polypyrrole nanotubes and carbon nanotubes nanocomposite on screen-printed carbon electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 249:115937. [PMID: 38211465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is classified as a class I carcinogen that colonizes the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The detection at low concentrations is crucial in combatting H. pylori. HopQ protein is located on H. pylori's outer membrane and is expressed at an early stage of contamination, which signifies it as an ideal biomarker. In this study, we presented the development of an electrochemical impedimetric immunosensor for the ultra-sensitive detection of HopQ at low concentrations. The sensor employed polypyrrole nanotubes (PPy-NTs) and carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH) nanocomposite. PPy-NTs were chosen for their excellent conductivity, biocompatibility, and redox capabilities, simplifying sample preparation by eliminating the need to add redox probes upon measurement. MWCNT-COOH provided covalent binding sites for HopQ antibodies (HopQ-Ab) on the biosensor surface. Characterization of the biosensor was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), complemented by numerical semiempirical quantum calculations. The results demonstrated a dynamic linear range of 5 pg/mL to 1.063 ng/mL and an excellent selectivity, with the possibility of excluding interference using EIS data, specifically charge transfer resistance and double-layer capacitance as multivariants for the calibration curve. Using two EIS components, the limit of detection is calculated to be 2.06 pg/mL. The biosensor was tested with a spiked drinking water sample and showed a signal recovery of 105.5% when detecting 300 pg/mL of HopQ. This novel H. pylori biosensor offers reliable, simple, portable, and rapid screening of the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussamaldeen Jaradat
- Professorship of Measurement and Sensor Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Bruna M Hryniewicz
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Macromoléculas e Interfaces, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, 81531-980, PR, Brazil.
| | - Igor A Pašti
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tatiana L Valério
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Macromoléculas e Interfaces, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, 81531-980, PR, Brazil.
| | - Ammar Al-Hamry
- Professorship of Measurement and Sensor Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Luís F Marchesi
- Grupo de Estudos em Espectroscopia de Impedância Eletroquímica (GEIS), Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná, Rua Dr. Washington Subtil Chueire, 330 - Jd. Carvalho, CEP 84017-220, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
| | - Marcio Vidotti
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Macromoléculas e Interfaces, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, 81531-980, PR, Brazil.
| | - Olfa Kanoun
- Professorship of Measurement and Sensor Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany.
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Santos A, Macedo de Souza Brandão AP, Hryniewicz BM, Abreu H, Bach-Toledo L, Schuster da Silva S, Deller AE, Rogerio VZ, Baêta Rodrigues DS, Hiraiwa PM, Guimarães BG, Marchesi LF, Carvalho de Oliveira J, Gradia DF, Soares FLF, Zanchin NIT, Camargo de Oliveira C, Vidotti M. COVID-19 impedimetric biosensor based on polypyrrole nanotubes, nickel hydroxide and VHH antibody fragment: specific, sensitive, and rapid viral detection in saliva samples. Mater Today Chem 2023; 30:101597. [PMID: 37284350 PMCID: PMC10236006 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2023.101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 rapid spread required urgent, accurate, and prompt diagnosis to control the virus dissemination and pandemic management. Several sensors were developed using different biorecognition elements to obtain high specificity and sensitivity. However, the task to achieve these parameters in combination with fast detection, simplicity, and portability to identify the biorecognition element even in low concentration remains a challenge. Therefore, we developed an electrochemical biosensor based on polypyrrole nanotubes coupled via Ni(OH)2 ligation to an engineered antigen-binding fragment of heavy chain-only antibodies (VHH) termed Sb#15. Herein we report Sb#15-His6 expression, purification, and characterization of its interaction with the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 in addition to the construction and validation of a biosensor. The recombinant Sb#15 is correctly folded and interacts with the RBD with a dissociation constant (KD) of 27.1 ± 6.4 nmol/L. The biosensing platform was developed using polypyrrole nanotubes and Ni(OH)2, which can properly orientate the immobilization of Sb#15-His6 at the electrode surface through His-tag interaction for the sensitive SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection. The quantification limit was determined as 0.01 pg/mL using recombinant RBD, which was expressively lower than commercial monoclonal antibodies. In pre-characterized saliva, both Omicron and Delta SARS-CoV-2 were accurately detected only in positive samples, meeting all the requirements recommended by the World Health Organization for in vitro diagnostics. A low sample volume of saliva is needed to perform the detection, providing results within 15 min without further sample preparations. In summary, a new perspective allying recombinant VHHs with biosensor development and real sample detection was explored, addressing the need for accurate, rapid, and sensitive biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santos
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences - Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - A P Macedo de Souza Brandão
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Protein Engineering, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ Paraná, 81350-010, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - B M Hryniewicz
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Macromoléculas e Interfaces, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - H Abreu
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - L Bach-Toledo
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Macromoléculas e Interfaces, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Centro de Tecnologia da Informação Renato Archer (CTI), Rod. D. Pedro I, KM143.6, 13069-901, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - S Schuster da Silva
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences - Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - A E Deller
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Macromoléculas e Interfaces, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - V Z Rogerio
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Protein Engineering, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ Paraná, 81350-010, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - D S Baêta Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Protein Engineering, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ Paraná, 81350-010, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - P M Hiraiwa
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Protein Engineering, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ Paraná, 81350-010, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - B G Guimarães
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Protein Engineering, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ Paraná, 81350-010, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - L F Marchesi
- Grupo de Estudos em Espectroscopia de Impedância Eletroquímica (GEIS), Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná, Rua Dr. Washington Subtil Chueire, 330 - Jd. Carvalho, CEP 84017-220, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - J Carvalho de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - D F Gradia
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - F L F Soares
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Macromoléculas e Interfaces, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - N I T Zanchin
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Protein Engineering, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ Paraná, 81350-010, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - C Camargo de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences - Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - M Vidotti
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Macromoléculas e Interfaces, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Hryniewicz BM, Volpe J, Bach-Toledo L, Kurpel KC, Deller AE, Soares AL, Nardin JM, Marchesi LF, Simas FF, Oliveira CC, Huergo L, Souto DEP, Vidotti M. Development of polypyrrole (nano)structures decorated with gold nanoparticles toward immunosensing for COVID-19 serological diagnosis. Mater Today Chem 2022; 24:100817. [PMID: 35155879 PMCID: PMC8818392 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2022.100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and reliable detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroconversion in humans is crucial for suitable infection control. In this sense, many studies have focused on increasing the sensibility, lowering the detection limits and minimizing false negative/positive results. Thus, biosensors based on nanoarchitectures of conducting polymers are promising alternatives to more traditional materials since they can hold improved surface area, higher electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity. In this work, we reported the analytical comparison of two different conducting polymers morphologies for the development of an impedimetric biosensor to monitor SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans. Biosensors based on polypyrrole (PPy), synthesized in both globular and nanotubular (NT) morphology, and gold nanoparticles are reported, using a self-assembly monolayer of 3-mercaptopropionic acid and covalently linked SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein. First, the novel hybrid materials were characterized by electron microscopy and electrochemical measurements, and the biosensor step-by-step construction was characterized by electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques. As a proof of concept, the biosensor was used for the impedimetric detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein monoclonal antibodies. The results showed a linear response for different antibody concentrations, good sensibility and possibility to quantify 7.442 and 0.4 ng/mL of monoclonal antibody for PPy in the globular and NT morphology, respectively. The PPy-NTs biosensor was able to discriminate serum obtained from COVID-19 positive versus negative clinical samples and is a promising tool for COVID-19 immunodiagnostic, which can contribute to further studies concerning rapid, efficient, and reliable detections.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Hryniewicz
- Grupo de Pesquisa Em Macromoléculas e Interfaces, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - J Volpe
- Laboratório de Espectrometria, Sensores e Biossensores, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - L Bach-Toledo
- Grupo de Pesquisa Em Macromoléculas e Interfaces, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - K C Kurpel
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences - Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - A E Deller
- Grupo de Pesquisa Em Macromoléculas e Interfaces, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - A L Soares
- Grupo de Pesquisa Em Macromoléculas e Interfaces, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - J M Nardin
- Hospital Erasto Gaertner, 81520-290, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - L F Marchesi
- Grupo de Pesquisa Em Macromoléculas e Interfaces, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná, Av. Monteiro Lobato S/n Km 04, CEP, 84016-210, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - F F Simas
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences - Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - C C Oliveira
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences - Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - L Huergo
- Setor Litoral, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 83260-000, Matinhos, PR, Brazil
| | - D E P Souto
- Laboratório de Espectrometria, Sensores e Biossensores, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - M Vidotti
- Grupo de Pesquisa Em Macromoléculas e Interfaces, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Oliveira RD, Santos CS, Garcia JR, Vidotti M, Marchesi LF, Pessoa CA. IR drop studies of poly(aniline)-based modified electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Endler LW, Wolfart F, Mangrich AS, Vidotti M, Marchesi LF. Facile method to prepare biochar–NiO nanocomposites as a promisor material for electrochemical energy storage devices. Chem Pap 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00987-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Soares AL, Zamora ML, Marchesi LF, Vidotti M. Adsorption of catechol onto PEDOT films doped with gold nanoparticles: Electrochemical and spectroscopic studies. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hostert L, Alvarenga GD, Marchesi LF, Soares AL, Vidotti M. One-Pot sono electrodeposition of poly(pyrrole)/Prussian blue nanocomposites: Effects of the ultrasound amplitude in the electrode interface and electrocatalytical properties. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hostert L, de Alvarenga G, Vidotti M, Marchesi LF. Sonoelectrodeposition of poly(pyrrole) films: Electrochemical and morphological effects caused by the ultrasonic amplitude. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Marchesi LF, Jacumasso SC, Quintanilha RC, Winnischofer H, Vidotti M. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy behavior of poly(aniline) nanocomposite electrodes modified by Layer-by-Layer deposition. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Guerrero A, Marchesi LF, Boix PP, Ruiz-Raga S, Ripolles-Sanchis T, Garcia-Belmonte G, Bisquert J. How the charge-neutrality level of interface states controls energy level alignment in cathode contacts of organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells. ACS Nano 2012; 6:3453-60. [PMID: 22463072 DOI: 10.1021/nn300486a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Electronic equilibration at the metal-organic interface, leading to equalization of the Fermi levels, is a key process in organic optoelectronic devices. How the energy levels are set across the interface determines carrier extraction at the contact and also limits the achievable open-circuit voltage under illumination. Here, we report an extensive investigation of the cathode energy equilibration of organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells. We show that the potential to balance the mismatch between the cathode metal and the organic layer Fermi levels is divided into two contributions: spatially extended band bending in the organic bulk and voltage drop at the interface dipole layer caused by a net charge transfer. We scan the operation of the cathode under a varied set of conditions, using metals of different work functions in the range of ∼2 eV, different fullerene acceptors, and several cathode interlayers. The measurements allow us to locate the charge-neutrality level within the interface density of sates and calculate the corresponding dipole layer strength. The dipole layer withstands a large part of the total Fermi level mismatch when the polymer:fullerene blend ratio approaches ∼1:1, producing the practical alignment between the metal Fermi level and the charge-neutrality level. Origin of the interface states is linked with fullerene reduced molecules covering the metal contact. The dipole contribution, and consequently the band bending, is highly sensitive to the nature and amount of fullerene molecules forming the interface density of states. Our analysis provides a detailed picture of the evolution of the potentials in the bulk and the interface of the solar cell when forward voltage is applied or when photogeneration takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Guerrero
- Photovoltaic and Optoelectronic Devices Group, Departament de Física, Universitat Jaume I, ES-12071 Castelló, Spain
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