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Idris MA, Ruppel A, Gehrig-Feistel H, Alansari AS, Al-Rejaibi AK, Tageldin MH, El-Sinary K. The seroprevalence of cystic hydatidosis in Oman. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1999.11813421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Said EA, Al-Yafei F, Zadjali F, Al-Balushi MS, Hasson SS, Al-Mahroqi SH, Koh CY, Al-Naamani K, Al-Busaidi JZ, Idris MA, Balkhair A, Al-Jabri AA. Frequency of TLR4 (1063A/G and 1363C/T) polymorphisms in healthy and HIV-infected Omani individuals and their relationship to viral load and T cell count. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr7671. [PMID: 27173197 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15027671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential elements of the innate immune response to different infections including the infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLRs such as TLR4 1063A/G and 1363C/T have been found to be associated with changes in CD4 count, viral load (VL), and disease progression during HIV infection. However, the association of these SNPs with the pathogenesis during HIV infection is controversial. We investigated the frequency of TLR4 1063A/G and 1363C/T SNPs in 168 Omani donors [68 HIV-infected patients (>3% of Omani HIV-infected patients) and 100 healthy controls] and the association of these SNPs with the VL, CD8 and CD4 counts, and the immune recovery after cART as observed by CD4 T cell increase. SNPs were analyzed after the amplification of the regions that contain them by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the PCR products. The TLR4 1063GG genotype was detected in the HIV-infected group only. No association was found between the studied SNPs and the average VL during 1 year of infection, the average CD4 and CD8 count during 1 year of viremia, the nadir CD4 count, the CD4 count when the patient reached VL < 50 copies/mL due to cART, and the ratio of the CD4 count 3 and 6 months after reaching VL < 50 copies/mL after cART to the last CD4 count before reaching VL < 50 copies/mL. Our study suggests that TLR4 (1063A/G and 1363C/T) SNPs have no association with the VL or the CD4 and CD8 counts during HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Said
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - F Al-Yafei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - F Zadjali
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - M S Al-Balushi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - S S Hasson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - S H Al-Mahroqi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - C Y Koh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - K Al-Naamani
- Department of Medicine, Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - J Z Al-Busaidi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - M A Idris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - A Balkhair
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - A A Al-Jabri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Al-Jabri AA, Youssef RM, Hasson SS, Balkhair AA, Al-Belushi M, Al-Saadoon M, Mathew M, Al-Mahroqi S, Said E, Koh CY, Idris MA. Knowledge, attitudes and intended behaviours towards HIV testing and self-protection: a survey of Omani pregnant women. East Mediterr Health J 2014; 20:614-622. [PMID: 25356692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Routine HIV testing of all pregnant women in Oman has been introduced without prior knowledge of women's attitudes towards testing or their behaviour in the event of a positive test. This study recruited 1000 Omani pregnant women from antenatal clinics to explore their knowledge of HIV/AIDS, attitudes towards HIV testing and intended behaviours in the event of a positive test. Mother-to-child transmission was recognized by 86.6% of the women but only 21.0% knew that it was preventable and a few acknowledged the important role of antiviral drugs. Half of the women (51.9%) reported having been tested for HIV and 75.8% agreed about routine HIV testing for all pregnant women. A higher level of knowledge was significantly associated with a favourable intended behaviour related to voluntary testing, disclosure and seeking professional assistance in the event of a positive HIV test. The results are discussed in relation to opt-in and opt-out approaches to voluntary testing during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Al-Jabri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - R M Youssef
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - S S Hasson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - A A Balkhair
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - M Al-Belushi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - M Al-Saadoon
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - M Mathew
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - S Al-Mahroqi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - E Said
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - C Y Koh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - M A Idris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Abdikarim M, Shahari S, Idris MA, Hanafiah H, Kosai NR, Das S. Misdiagnosed infected aneurysm presenting as pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). Clin Ter 2014; 165:199-201. [PMID: 25203333 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2014.1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Infected aneurysm is a life threatening clinical condition that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Early detection is essential for a rapid and efficacious initial treatment for better prognosis. Since the introduction of antibiotic therapy and concomitant decline of endocarditis, true mycotic aneurysms are rarely seen. The usual treatment consists of antibiotics along with aggressive surgical debridement of the infected tissue and vascular reconstruction, if needed. We here describe an infected aneurysm presenting as pyrexia of unknown origin and discuss the clinical features and challenges encountered in the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abdikarim
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Unit, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Shahari
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Unit, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M A Idris
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Unit, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H Hanafiah
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Unit, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N R Kosai
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Unit, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Das
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Said EA, Al-Yafei F, Zadjali F, Hasson SS, Al-Balushi MS, Al-Mahruqi S, Koh CY, Al-Naamani K, Al-Busaidi JZ, Idris MA, Balkhair A, Al-Jabri AA. Association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in TLR7 (Gln11Leu) and TLR9 (1635A/G) with a higher CD4T cell count during HIV infection. Immunol Lett 2014; 160:58-64. [PMID: 24747071 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential elements of the innate immune response to different infections including HIV-1 infection. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLRs have been associated with CD4T cell count and HIV disease progression. The TLR7 (Gln11Leu) SNP was shown to be associated with a rapid decline of CD4T cell count. A relation between TLR9 (1635A/G) SNP and CD4T cells count in HIV-infected patients is suggested, although the outcome associated with this SNP is still controversial. OBJECTIVES To determine the relation of the TLR7 (Gln11Leu) and TLR9 (1635A/G) SNPs with the damage to the immune system during HIV infection as reflected by the average CD4T cell count. METHODS A total of 63 HIV-infected patients and 100 healthy individuals (controls) were enrolled in this study. The above named SNPs were analyzed after amplification of the regions that potentially contain the SNPs by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the PCR products. The frequency of these SNPs and their relation with the CD4T cell count were investigated. RESULTS The TLR7 (AA) genotype 'Gln' had a trend toward being associated with a CD4T cell count >400cells/μl after controlling viremia via HAART. Additionally, the TLR9 1635 (GG) genotype was associated with a low average CD4T cell count and the TLR9 1635 (AG) genotype was significantly related to a higher average CD4T cell count during the viremic period in HIV-infected patients. CONCLUSION The results of this longitudinal study supports the presence of an association between the TLR9 (1635A/G) genotype and the CD4T cell count, which helps clarifying the controversial results regarding this association. It also suggests that the CD4T cell count during the viremic period might be linked to the combination of both TLR7 (Gln11Leu) and TLR9 (1635A/G) genotypes. These results may help predicting the damage to the immune system, and thus impacting the planning for novel anti-HIV strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Said
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman.
| | - F Al-Yafei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - F Zadjali
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - S S Hasson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - M S Al-Balushi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - S Al-Mahruqi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - C Y Koh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - K Al-Naamani
- Department of Hepatology, Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - J Z Al-Busaidi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - M A Idris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - A Balkhair
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - A A Al-Jabri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
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Hasson SS, Al-Balushi MS, Sallam TA, Idris MA, Habbal O, Al-Jabri AA. In vitro antibacterial activity of three medicinal plants-Boswellia (Luban) species. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Azrina A, Khoo HE, Idris MA, Amin I, Razman MR. Major inorganic elements in tap water samples in Peninsular Malaysia. Malays J Nutr 2011; 17:271-276. [PMID: 22303580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Quality drinking water should be free from harmful levels of impurities such as heavy metals and other inorganic elements. METHODS Samples of tap water collected from 24 locations in Peninsular Malaysia were determined for inorganic element content. Minerals and heavy metals were analysed by spectroscopy methods, while non-metal elements were analysed using test kits. RESULTS Minerals and heavy metals determined were sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, cadmium and lead while the non-metal elements were fluoride, chloride, nitrate and sulphate. Most of the inorganic elements found in the samples were below the maximum permitted levels recommended by inter-national drinking water standard limits, except for iron and manganese. Iron concentration of tap water from one of the locations was higher than the standard limit. CONCLUSION In general, tap water from different parts of Peninsular Malaysia had low concentrations of heavy metals and inorganic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Azrina
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Dumont M, Moné H, Mouahid G, Idris MA, Shaban M, Boissier J. Influence of pattern of exposure, parasite genetic diversity and sex on the degree of protection against reinfection with Schistosoma mansoni. Parasitol Res 2007; 101:247-52. [PMID: 17310396 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-007-0476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper analyzed, experimentally, the influences of pattern of exposure, parasite genetic diversity, and parasite sex on the degree of protection against reinfection with Schistosoma mansoni in the mouse. The results show that, (1) in infections with one male parasite genotype, successive infections induced a significant decrease in the infectivity of the parasite and significant increases in the spleen and liver weights compared to mass infections, (2) successive infections with one male genotype induced a significant decrease in the infectivity of the parasite compared to successive infections with five male genotypes, and (3) genotype infectivities were determined by the order at which they were used in the successive infections. These results are discussed in terms of protective effect and concomitant immunity and provide an ecological explanation of the natural sex-biased dispersal toward the male schistosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dumont
- UMR 5244 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Biologie et Ecologie Tropicale et Méditerranéenne Université, 52 av. Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan Cedex, France.
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Dejong RJ, Morgan JAT, Wilson WD, Al-Jaser MH, Appleton CC, Coulibaly G, D'Andrea PS, Doenhoff MJ, Haas W, Idris MA, Magalhães LA, Moné H, Mouahid G, Mubila L, Pointier JP, Webster JP, Zanotti-Magalhães EM, Paraense WL, Mkoji GM, Loker ES. Phylogeography of Biomphalaria glabrata and B. pfeifferi, important intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni in the New and Old World tropics. Mol Ecol 2004; 12:3041-56. [PMID: 14629384 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01977.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The historical phylogeography of the two most important intermediate host species of the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni, B. glabrata in the New World, and B. pfeifferi in the Old World, was investigated using partial 16S and ND1 sequences from the mitochondrial genome. Nuclear sequences of an actin intron and internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-1 were also obtained, but they were uninformative for the relationships among populations. Phylogenetic analyses based on mtDNA revealed six well-differentiated clades within B. glabrata: the Greater Antilles, Venezuela and the Lesser Antilles, and four geographically overlapping Brazilian clades. Application of a Biomphalaria-specific mutation rate gives an estimate of the early Pleistocene for their divergence. The Brazilian clades were inferred to be the result of fragmentation, due possibly to climate oscillations, with subsequent range expansion producing the overlapping ranges. Within the Venezuela and Lesser Antilles clade, lineages from each of these areas were estimated to have separated approximately 740 000 years ago. Compared to B. glabrata, mitochondrial sequences of B. pfeifferi are about 4x lower in diversity, reflecting a much younger age for the species, with the most recent common ancestor of all haplotypes estimated to have existed 880 000 years ago. The oldest B. pfeifferi haplotypes occurred in southern Africa, suggesting it may have been a refugium during dry periods. A recent range expansion was inferred for eastern Africa less than 100 000 years ago. Several putative species and subspecies, B. arabica, B. gaudi, B. rhodesiensis and B. stanleyi, are shown to be undifferentiated from other B. pfeifferi populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Dejong
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1091, USA.
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Idris MA, Shaban MA, Fatahallah M. Effective control of hookworm infection in school children from Dhofar, Sultanate of Oman: a four-year experience with albendazole mass chemotherapy. Acta Trop 2001; 80:139-43. [PMID: 11600092 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-706x(01)00168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
After 4 years of mass chemotherapy with a single annual dose of albendazole 400 mg, health education and promotion of environmental health, the prevalence of Necator americanus in Wilayat Tagah, Dhofar, Oman was reduced from 40 to 1.3% and from 6 to 0%, respectively, among rural and urban school children. Stool samples with egg load >1000 egg/gm were reduced from 28 to 0% after the first year of intervention and maintained as such in subsequent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Idris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman.
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Idris MA, Al-Jabri AM. Usefulness of Kato-Katz and trichrome staining as diagnostic methods for parasitic infections in clinical laboratories. J Sci Res Med Sci 2001; 3:65-8. [PMID: 24019710 PMCID: PMC3174709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of the Kato-Katz technique and to re-evaluate other routine procedures conducted in the Microbiology Clinical Laboratory at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) and to throw light on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among a small group of food handlers in Muscat. METHOD Faecal samples collected from food handlers were examined using five parasitological techniques. RESULTS Out of 100 faecal samples, 53 were positive for one or more of 11 intestinal parasites. The Kato-Katz and trichrome stain methods were found superior to the other techniques in detecting helminthic and protozoan infections, respectively. The auramine stain was useful only in detecting Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. CONCLUSION A combination of trichrome stain and Kato-Katz techniques for stool examination is sufficient and recommended for busy laboratories; auramine stain should be applied only to samples with suspected cryptosporidal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Idris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Al-Khod 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Scrimgeour
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 35, Al-Khod, Muscat, Oman.
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Scrimgeour EM, Ahmed A, Sallam J, Khoul R, Al-Dhahry SH, Daar AS, El-Khatim HS, Idris MA, Date A. Schistosomiasis in patients in the Sultanate of Oman. Ann Saudi Med 2001; 21:170-3. [PMID: 17264544 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2001.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following an intensive public health eradication program, the focus of schistosomiasis mansoni at Salalah in Southern Oman (the only focus of schistosomiasis in Oman), appeared to have been eradicated in 1994. Since the vector snails for Schistosoma mansoni (and also for S. haematobium) were widely endemic in freshwater springs at Salalah, and reintroduction of infection (or introduction in the case of S. haematobium) was possible, we undertook a prospective study in 1995 for schistosomiasis in patients at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH), and to obtain evidence of visits by these patients to Salalah. PATIENTS AND METHODS From May 1995 to May 2000, Omani and expatriate patients presenting at SQUH were evaluated for possible schistosomiasis (residence in an endemic region, suggestive clinical features) by a search for ova in stool, urine, or in tissue biopsies, or when ova were absent, by serodiagnosis. A retrospective survey of schistosomiasis patients diagnosed in SQUH from 1990 to April 1995 was also performed. Ministry of Health (MOH) data on reports of schistosomiasis (a notifiable disease) in Oman from 1991 to 2000, were obtained. RESULTS Thirty patients with schistosomiasis were identified, 10 retrospectively and 20 in the prospective study. Patients were aged 9 to 60 years, and 25 of them (10 Omanis, 14 Egyptians, 1 Sudanese) contracted the infection in Africa, while 5 Omanis became infected in Salalah (3 in 1999). Twelve patients had schistosomiasis mansoni, 6 had schistosomiasis haematobia, and in the rest, infection by both parasites was confirmed or possible. The most common presentation (23%) was hepatosplenic schistosomiasis with portal hypertension. No patient admitted to contaminating freshwater with excreta in Salalah. MOH data revealed 3 to 14 cases of schistosomiasis were reported annually between 1991 and 2000, and that all schistosomiasis cases reported from 1994 to 1998 originated from Africa. CONCLUSION Schistosomiasis remains an important health problem in Oman. Many doctors are unfamiliar with the clinical features and methods of diagnosis, thereby frequently causing delays in diagnosis. Because vector snails are endemic in Salalah, schistosomiasis patients must be detected and treated early. At infested freshwater sites at Salalah, mollusciciding should continue indefinitely, and notices should warn visitors not to contaminate the spring water.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Scrimgeour
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod (Muscat), Oman
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Wuhrer M, Berkefeld C, Dennis RD, Idris MA, Geyer R. The liver flukes Fasciola gigantica and Fasciola hepatica express the leucocyte cluster of differentiation marker CD77 (globotriaosylceramide) in their tegument. Biol Chem 2001; 382:195-207. [PMID: 11308018 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2001.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids from the parasitic liver flukes Fasciola gigantica and Fasciola hepatica were isolated and their carbohydrate moieties were structurally analysed by methylation analysis, exoglycosidase treatment, on-target exoglycosidase cleavage and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. For both liver fluke species, the ceramide monohexosides Gal1-ceramide and Glc1-ceramide were found in relative amounts of 1.0 to 0.1, respectively. From F. gigantica, the ceramide dihexoside was isolated in sufficient amounts to be structurally determined as lactosylceramide, Gal beta4-Glc1-ceramide, while for both liver fluke species the ceramide trihexoside was shown to be Gal alpha4Gal beta4-Glc1-ceramide, which is designated as either globotriaosylceramide, Pk-blood group antigen or CD77 leucocyte cluster of differentiation antigen. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the expression of globo-series glycosphingolipids in non-mammalian species. Ceramide analysis of ceramide monohexosides yielded as major components octadecanoic and 2-hydroxyoctadecanoic fatty acids together with C18- and C20-phytosphingosines. By the use of an anti-CD77 monoclonal antibody and the Escherichia coli Shiga toxin B1 subunit, globotriaosylceramide could be immunolocalised to the tegument of F. hepatica cryosections. The sharing of CD77 between liver flukes and their mammalian hosts fits in with the concept of molecular mimicry, which is closely parallel to the established imitation of host CD15 (Lewis X) displayed by the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wuhrer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Germany
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Idris MA, Ruppel A, Petney T. Antibodies against rickettsia in humans and potential vector ticks from Dhofar, Oman. J Sci Res Med Sci 2000; 2:7-10. [PMID: 24019699 PMCID: PMC3174693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the extent of rickettsial infections prevalence of potential vector ticks in the rural population of Dhofar, Oman. METHOD Human sera (n = 347) were obtained from six rural localities (school children, farmers, outpatients) in Dhofar, Sultanate of Oman. Sera were tested by immunofluorescence for the presence of antibodies reacting with Rickettsia conorii antigen. RESULTS More than half the samples (59%) gave positive reactions (titres of at least 1:64). Ticks (n=707) were collected from cattle, camels and goats (n=102) and included Amblyomma variegatum, Hyalomma a. anatolicum, H. dromedarii, H. rufipes and Rhipicephalus spp., all of which can potentially transmit rickettsiae to humans. CONCLUSION The results suggest that rickettsial infections are common among the rural population of Dhofar.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Idris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.Box: 35, Postal Code: 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman; ; Department of Tropical Hygiene and Public Health and
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Scrimgeour EM, Windsor JJ, Shetty MK, Banodkar DD, Lambson B, Barker DC, Idris MA, McCann SH, al-Suwaid AR. Leishmania tropica is a probable cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Sultanate of Oman: case report in a Pakistani resident. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1999; 93:233-4. [PMID: 10492747 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-9203(99)90003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E M Scrimgeour
- Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
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Idris MA, Ruppel A, Gehrig-Feistel H, Alansari AS, al-Rejaibi AK, Tageldin MH, el-Sinary K. The seroprevalence of cystic hydatidosis in Oman. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1999; 93:259-63. [PMID: 10562827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of antibodies against Echinococcus granulosus in sera from 306 humans and 390 camels in Oman was investigated by indirect haemagglutination assays. Only one of the human and five of the camel sera gave positive reactions. The reactivities of the human sera were confirmed by ELISA. These results, together with isolated reports of hydatid cysts, indicate that E. granulosus is endemic in Oman, although with a low prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Idris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
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Li YL, Idris MA, Corachan M, Han JJ, Kirschfink M, Ruppel A. Circulating antigens in schistosomiasis: detection of 31/32-kDa proteins in sera from patients infected with Schistosoma japonicum, S. mansoni, S. haematobium, or S. intercalatum. Parasitol Res 1996; 82:14-8. [PMID: 8825438 DOI: 10.1007/s004360050060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect 31/32-kDa schistosome proteins as circulating antigens in sera from schistosomiasis patients. A monoclonal antibody was used as a capture antibody and rabbit antiserum raised against purified 31/32-kDa proteins was the detecting antibody. Positive results were obtained with patients infected with Schistosoma japonicum (88%; n = 69), S. mansoni (80%; n = 56), S. haematobium (100%; n = 40), or S. intercalatum (94%; n = 65). Sera from uninfected Chinese and African individuals and from Chinese patients with trichinosis, cysticercosis, or paragonimiasis did not react in the assay. This ELISA appears to be valuable in diagnosing infections by all major human schistosome species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Li
- Institute of Tropical Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Idris MA, Ruppel A, Numrich P, Eschlbeck A, Shaban MA, Diesfeld HJ. Schistosomiasis in the southern region of Oman: vector snails and serological identification of patients in several locations. J Trop Med Hyg 1994; 97:205-10. [PMID: 8064941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The snail Biomphalaria arabica is apparently ubiquitous in the south of Oman (Dhofar province). Snails bred in the laboratory were susceptible to infection with miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni (Puerto Rican strain). The snail Bulinus wrighti, a potential intermediate host of S. haematobium, was found for the first time in Dhofar. Human sera from five localities had antibodies against adult worm antigens and in particular against Sm31/32. The prevalence of seropositive patients was 28% of 47 farm workers, 12% of 99 out-patients from a clinic and 1% of 389 children from four localities. Autochthonous transmission of schistosomiasis in Dhofar is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Idris
- Department of Biology, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Idris
- Department of Biology, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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22
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Idris MA, Ruppel A, De Carneri I, Shaban MA, al-Awfy SA, Jayawardene CR, Savioli L. High prevalence and intensity of hookworm infection in the Dhofar Governorate, Oman. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1993; 87:421-4. [PMID: 8250636 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1993.11812789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M A Idris
- Department of Biology, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Muscat, Oman
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Idris MA, Maiwald M, el-Mauly KN, Ruppel A. Human brucellosis in Dhofar, Sultanate of Oman. J Trop Med Hyg 1993; 96:46-50. [PMID: 8429574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Sera were collected, mostly from school children, in six localities of the southern region of the Sultanate of Oman. Macro and micro-agglutination tests were used to indicate positive Brucella serology. Four of the 525 sera tested had titres of at least 1:200, which were considered positive, and two had borderline values. The frequency of serologically positive sera in the six localities ranged between zero and 2%. No relevant difference was observed between titres using antigen of B. abortus or B. melitensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Idris
- Department of Biology, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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24
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Gui M, Idris MA, Shi YE, Mühling A, Ruppel A. Reactivity of Schistosoma japonicum and S. mansoni antigen preparations in indirect haemagglutination (IHA) with sera of patients with homologous and heterologous schistosomiasis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1991; 85:599-604. [PMID: 1811437 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1991.11812615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sera of patients infected with Schistosoma japonicum, S. mansoni or S. haematobium were tested in an indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA) using soluble S. japonicum egg antigen (SjSEA) and soluble S. mansoni adult antigen prepared either from a Puerto Rican strain (SmAWA) or an Egyptian strain (SmBW; Cellognost-Schistosomiasis Kit). Reactions were best, in terms of titres and sensitivity, in homologous systems. Heterologous systems were less reliable, particularly those using sera from urinary schistosomiasis patients. It is suggested that IHA is a suitable test to detect Schistosoma infections, especially when homologous systems are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gui
- Institute of Tropical Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Idris MA, Ruppel A. Diagnostic Mr 31/32000 proteins of Schistosoma mansoni (Sm31/32) and S. haematobium (Sh31/32): stability and reaction conditions for prospective field tests. J Helminthol 1991; 65:89-94. [PMID: 1908874 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x0001052x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The existence of adult Schistosoma haematobium worm proteins (Sh31/32) homologous to the diagnostic Sm31/32 of S. mansoni is shown. Sm31/32 and Sh31/32, adsorbed on nitrocellulose and kept dry on the bench before immunoblot analysis, were antigenically stable for at least 4 years including storage for 17 months in tropical climates. The antigens react with patient sera in the absence of defined buffers under rather simple conditions ("humid chamber blot"). The results add to the use of these antigens for serodiagnosis of schistosomiasis in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Idris
- Institute for Tropical Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Phillips SM, Perrin PJ, Walker DJ, Fathelbab NG, Linette GP, Idris MA. The regulation of resistance to Schistosoma mansoni by auto-anti-idiotypic immunity. The Journal of Immunology 1988. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.141.5.1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
These studies explore auto-anti-idiotypic mechanisms as potential regulators of the protective immune response against Schistosoma mansoni. Anti-idiotypic responses were stimulated by immunization of mice with lymphoblasts, bearing specific idiotypic receptors. These receptors were produced in vitro by stimulation of Ag-reactive T cells by soluble cercarial immunogen, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, or Con A. The animals were then exposed to irradiated cercariae, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, or SRBC. The results indicate that the soluble cercarial immunogen lymphoblast recipient mice demonstrated reduction in a number of parameters of their immune response to schistosome Ag, including resistance to challenge by parasites. These changes were immunologically specific. Anti-idiotypic antibodies and anti-clonotypic T cell reactivity was demonstrated in the lymphoblast immunized mice. The suppression of reactivity in LBM was mediated by Lyt-1-, L3T-4-, and Lyt-2+ lymphocytes. These studies suggest that idiotypically dependent pathways might be important for the regulation of resistance to schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Phillips
- Allergy and Immunology Section, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104
| | - P J Perrin
- Allergy and Immunology Section, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104
| | - D J Walker
- Allergy and Immunology Section, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104
| | - N G Fathelbab
- Allergy and Immunology Section, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104
| | - G P Linette
- Allergy and Immunology Section, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104
| | - M A Idris
- Allergy and Immunology Section, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104
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Phillips SM, Perrin PJ, Walker DJ, Fathelbab NG, Linette GP, Idris MA. The regulation of resistance to Schistosoma mansoni by auto-anti-idiotypic immunity. J Immunol 1988; 141:1728-33. [PMID: 2457626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
These studies explore auto-anti-idiotypic mechanisms as potential regulators of the protective immune response against Schistosoma mansoni. Anti-idiotypic responses were stimulated by immunization of mice with lymphoblasts, bearing specific idiotypic receptors. These receptors were produced in vitro by stimulation of Ag-reactive T cells by soluble cercarial immunogen, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, or Con A. The animals were then exposed to irradiated cercariae, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, or SRBC. The results indicate that the soluble cercarial immunogen lymphoblast recipient mice demonstrated reduction in a number of parameters of their immune response to schistosome Ag, including resistance to challenge by parasites. These changes were immunologically specific. Anti-idiotypic antibodies and anti-clonotypic T cell reactivity was demonstrated in the lymphoblast immunized mice. The suppression of reactivity in LBM was mediated by Lyt-1-, L3T-4-, and Lyt-2+ lymphocytes. These studies suggest that idiotypically dependent pathways might be important for the regulation of resistance to schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Phillips
- Allergy and Immunology Section, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104
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Idris MA, Ruppel A. Diagnostic Mr31/32,000 Schistosoma mansoni proteins (Sm31/32): reaction with sera from Sudanese patients infected with S. mansoni or S. haematobium. J Helminthol 1988; 62:95-101. [PMID: 2456324 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x00011305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sera of Sudanese patients with active infections of Schistosoma mansoni or S. haematobium were tested in immunoblots for their reactivity with Mr31/32,000 proteins of adult S. mansoni (Sm31/32). All sera from patients with intestinal (n = 123) and all but one from those with urinary schistosomiasis (n = 35) had antibodies against Sm31/32. These and additional data suggest that both specificity and sensitivity of Sm31/32 to detect schistosome infections are close to 100%. Antibodies against these proteins developed also in monkeys after experimental infection with S. haematobium. Sm31/32 antigens reacted in immunoblots as a doublet with most S. haematobium-patient sera and as a broad band with many S. mansoni-sera suggesting that at least two components are present in the molecular weight region of Mr31/32,000. The data demonstrate the potential use of Sm31/32 from adult worms to diagnose patients with intestinal or urinary schistosomiasis in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Idris
- Institute for Tropical Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
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