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Noor RII, Miah MAH, Alam MK, Khan MM, Rahman MA, Fardaus L, Mondal E, Sakib AA, Islam MK, Fatima M. Serum Uric Acid and Serum Lipid Levels in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Admitted in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital. Mymensingh Med J 2024; 33:402-410. [PMID: 38557518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is the second-leading cause of death and also a leading cause of combined death and disability. In Bangladesh, stroke prevalence is 11.39 per 1000 population, but highest prevalence of stroke is 14.71 per 1000 population in the Mymensingh division. Hyperuricemia has been reported as an independent risk factor for stroke in different studies and a significant association between serum uric acid and dyslipidemia has also been stated. On the contrary, some studies suggest that uric acid has a neuroprotective role. This cross-sectional study was completed in the Medicine Department of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from March 2021 to January 2023. In this cross-sectional study, 352 adult acute ischemic stroke patients were included from the Medicine Department of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital. Serum uric acid and fasting serum lipid levels were measured within 48 hours of admission. The mean age ±SD of the respondents was 61.9±12.8 years. Hyperuricemia was found among 18.2% of respondents, whose mean ±SD serum uric acid was 5.7±1.9 mg/dl. Dyslipidemia was present in 88.4% of patients. The mean ±SD of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 12.0±5.9. Most of the patients (65.6%) were suffering from moderate stroke, followed by moderate to severe stroke (15.1%), severe stroke (10.8%) and minor stroke (8.5%). After multiple linear regressions, the independent variables age, gender, serum uric acid and total cholesterol were found to be significant predictors of the NIHSS score of the respondents. In conclusion, the majority of acute ischemic stroke patients have an association with dyslipidemia, but only around one-fifth of patients have hyperuricemia. There is a significant association of high serum uric acid and high serum total cholesterol with stroke severity (NIHSS score). But low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and, triglycerides have no association with stroke severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I I Noor
- Dr Ramim Islam Ibne Noor, Resident, Internal Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Kalra S, Peyser R, Ho J, Babbin C, Bohan N, Cortes A, Erley J, Fatima M, Flinn J, Horwitz E, Hsu R, Lee W, Lu V, Narch A, Navas D, Okoroafor K, Ouanemalay E, Ross S, Sowole F, Specht E, Woo J, Yu K, Coolon JD. Genome-wide gene expression responses to experimental manipulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae repressor activator protein 1 (Rap1) expression level. Genomics 2023; 115:110625. [PMID: 37068644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Precise regulation of transcription in gene expression is critical for all aspects of normal organism form, fitness, and function and even minor alterations in the level, location, and timing of gene expression can result in phenotypic variation within and between species including evolutionary innovations and human disease states. Eukaryotic transcription is regulated by a complex interplay of multiple factors working both at a physical and molecular levels influencing this process. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the TF with the greatest number of putative regulatory targets is the essential gene Repressor Activator Protein 1 (RAP1). While much is known about the roles of Rap1 in gene regulation and numerous cellular processes, the response of Rap1 target genes to systematic titration of RAP1 expression level remains unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, we used a strain with a tetracycline-titratable promoter replacing wild-type regulatory sequences of RAP1 to systematically reduce the expression level of RAP1 and followed this with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to measure genome-wide gene expression responses. Previous research indicated that Rap1 plays a significant regulatory role in particular groups of genes including telomere-proximal genes, homothallic mating (HM) loci, glycolytic genes, DNA repair genes, and ribosomal protein genes; therefore, we focused our analyses on these groups and downstream targets to determine how they respond to reductions in RAP1 expression level. Overall, despite being known as both an activator and as a repressor of its target genes, we found that Rap1 acts as an activator for more target genes than as a repressor. Additionally, we found that Rap1 functions as an activator of ribosomal protein genes and a repressor of the silent mating locus genes consistent with predictions from the literature. Unexpectedly, we found that Rap1 functions as a repressor of glycolytic enzyme genes contrary to prior reports of it having the opposite effect. We also compared the expression of RAP1 to five different genes related to DNA repair pathway and found that decreasing RAP1 downregulated four of those five genes. Finally, we found no effect of RAP1 depletion on telomere-proximal genes despite its functioning to silence telomeric repeat-containing RNAs. Together our results enrich our understanding of this important transcriptional regulator. The graphical abstract is provided as a supplementary fig. (S-Fig 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kalra
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, United States of America
| | - R Peyser
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, United States of America
| | - J Ho
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, United States of America
| | - C Babbin
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, United States of America
| | - N Bohan
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, United States of America
| | - A Cortes
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, United States of America
| | - J Erley
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, United States of America
| | - M Fatima
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, United States of America
| | - J Flinn
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, United States of America
| | - E Horwitz
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, United States of America
| | - R Hsu
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, United States of America
| | - W Lee
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, United States of America
| | - V Lu
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, United States of America
| | - A Narch
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, United States of America
| | - D Navas
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, United States of America
| | - K Okoroafor
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, United States of America
| | - E Ouanemalay
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, United States of America
| | - S Ross
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, United States of America
| | - F Sowole
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, United States of America
| | - E Specht
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, United States of America
| | - J Woo
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, United States of America
| | - K Yu
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, United States of America
| | - J D Coolon
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, United States of America.
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Fatima M, Mehdi Z, Saeed S, Nisar A, Zain M, Binte Shakir J, Aamer I, Arain F, Jawad M, Aziz N. Perceived Stress Among Students of Private and Public Sector Medical Colleges of Pakistan: A Cross Sectional Study. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9567212 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Medical-education is associated with high overall stress and it is important to identify relevant factors. Objectives The study was aimed to discern the differences in perceived stress among the students of public and private medical colleges of Pakistan and to identify factors subservient to any hypothesized difference. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at different private and public medical colleges of Pakistan using validated tools: PSS-14 (Perceived Stress Scale) to find out the levels of stress faced by each sector and MSSQ (Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire) to determine the factors associated with increased stress. Results Total of 424 medical students from various public and private medical colleges of Pakistan (212 each) filled the questionnaires. The mean score +/- SD of PSS-14 was 36.17 ± 6.096 for the public sector and 36.29 ±5.732 for the private sector. Hence, there was no difference between the two comparative means of PSS score, t(422)=-0.213,p=0.831.The results for both sectors were classified as high perceived stress (27-40 score is high perceived stress). Out of 40 individual stress-causing factors in MSSQ, the students from private-sector scored higher as compared to public-sector: Quota System in examination t(422)=-3.951,p=0.000, stress caused by lack of time for friends and family t(422)=-3.225,p=0.001, stress caused by Tests/Examination t(422)=-2.131,p=0.034, stress caused by the parental wish for them to study medicine t(422)=-2.346,p=0.019 and stress caused by fear of getting poor marks t(422)=-2.183,p=0.030. Conclusions There exists no overall difference in the perceived-stress among the medical students of public and private medical colleges despite private-sectors having significantly more operational financial resources. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Farid M, Khan N, Fatima M, Rasool F, Azmat H, Iqbal KJ, Nazir S, Bano S, Khizar A, Asghar M. Performance evaluation of the commercial aquafeeds available in the market of Pakistan on Channa marulius (Sole). BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 84:e250821. [PMID: 34755812 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.250821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effect of different levels of protein on the growth, body composition, amino acid profile and serology of Channa marulius fingerlings. The experiment was conducted in ten happas installed in earthen ponds, each stocked with 10 fishes for 90 days. Four commercial fish feeds having 25%, 30%, 32% and 40% crude protein (CP) levels were fed to fish at 3% of their wet body weight three times a day. The results of the study revealed that highest weight gain, feed conversion ratio and survival rate were observed in 30% protein feed. Meanwhile, moisture content was higher in fish fed with 30% CP feed while highest crude protein was recorded in 40% CP fed fish. Lowest fat content was observed in 32% CP feed. Amino acid profile of fish revealed better results in 30% CP feed. Total protein, glucose and globulin were also highest in fish feeding 30% CP feed, while albumin was highest in 40% CP feed. It is concluded that 30% CP feed showed better results in terms of growth, amino acid profile and serological parameters without effecting fish body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Farid
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - N Khan
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Fatima
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - F Rasool
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - H Azmat
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - K J Iqbal
- Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Department of Zoology, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - S Nazir
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Bano
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Khizar
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Asghar
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
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Ahsan A, Arafat-Islam M, Fatima M, Mahboob RN, Kamrul-Hasan AB. Knowledge of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among 2nd to 4th Phase MBBS Students of Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:980-985. [PMID: 34605466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), being one of the fastest-growing disabilities in children, is an omnipresent, immutable neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired socialization, impaired verbal and non-verbal communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviour patterns. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 30 October to 30 November 2019 among the MBBS students of 21 medical colleges in Bangladesh to assess their knowledge of autism. The 'Knowledge about Childhood Autism among Health Workers (KCAHW)' questionnaire containing 19 item questions divided into four domains was used. The total median score in the KCAHW questionnaire is 13 out of 19. The final total of respondents numbered 483. There were 215 (44.51%) male and 268 (55.49%) female students. Among 21 medical colleges, 10 are situated in the Dhaka district and 11 outside Dhaka; 14 medical colleges were public, and seven were private. The study shows that students' knowledge of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is not up to the mark. While assessing the knowledge in each domain, Domain 4 (knowledge regarding nature, comorbidities, and onset) shows that only 32.6% of students of 4th phase and 21.5% of other phases have scored more than the median value, revealing that medical students were not familiar with nature, comorbidities, and the onset of ASD. It can be reliably diagnosed before two years of age, but the practical scenario is a different picturesque. Thus, medical students should have bona fide knowledge to diagnose this progressively prevailing disorder at the earliest possible time. We hope this study's aftermath will significantly impact the integrity and diversity of autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ahsan
- Alvee Ahsan, 5th year MBBS Student, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Ayub A, Rasool F, Khan N, Qaisrani SN, Parveen S, Anjum KM, Fatima M, Matiullah, Mahmood S, Zulfiqar T. Limiting amino acids supplementation in low crude protein diets and their impacts on growth performance and carcass composition in Labeo rohita (rohu) adult fish. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e249422. [PMID: 34495169 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.249422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ninety days study was conducted in hapas installed in earthen ponds. Fish of an average initial weight (220g) were evenly distributed in triplicate groups within fifteen hapas. Five experimental diets labeled as T1 (25% CP and NRC recommended amino acid level) as control diet, T2 (with 2% low protein and 5% amino acid supplementation), T3 (with 2% low protein and 10% amino acid supplementation), T4 (with 4% low protein and 10% amino acid supplementation) and T5 (with 4% low protein and 20% amino acid supplementation) were prepared. Fish were fed with @3% of their body weight twice a day at 10.00 & 16:00 hour. Significantly higher percent weight gain (420.18 ± 66.84a) and specific growth rate (13499.33±1273.54a) along with improved feed conversion ratio (1.29 ± 0.09b) and hundred percent survivals were recorded during the trial. Furthermore proximate analysis of meat showed significant improvement in the crude protein level (81.77 ± 0.19a) served with diet containing 20% limiting amino acids mixture. Therefore, limiting amino acids can be a source of cost effective feed and use safely in L. rohita diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ayub
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries & Wildlife, Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - F Rasool
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries & Wildlife, Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - N Khan
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries & Wildlife, Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S N Qaisrani
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries & Wildlife, Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan.,University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal Production Technology, Department of Animal Nutrition, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Parveen
- University of Agriculture, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Zoology, Wildlife & Fisheries, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - K M Anjum
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries & Wildlife, Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Fatima
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries & Wildlife, Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Matiullah
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries & Wildlife, Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Mahmood
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries & Wildlife, Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - T Zulfiqar
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries & Wildlife, Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
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Wadhwani S, Fatima M, Massod M, Illhi M, Ahmed S. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella typhi – An immense global threat isolated from blood culture in District Hyderabad. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Fatima M, Gulzar K, Khan KR, Amjad F, Shafique M. Trapezius or facial muscles: Which one is more suitable for the measurement of stress using sEMG signals? Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2020:670-673. [PMID: 33018076 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A number of techniques have been reported to detect mental stress. Surface Electromyography (sEMG) has also been used to measure stress by acquiring the signals from various sites of the human body, however, consensus need to be established to determine the best possible site to harvest stress related information. In this study, work related mental stress using sEMG signals acquired from trapezius muscle and facial muscles were compared. BIOPAC signal acquisition system was used to acquire sEMG signals simultaneously from both trapezius and facial muscles from forty five (45) healthy volunteers. Stress was induced using different standard methods in a controlled environment. Statistical significant difference was found between the stress and rest levels of sEMG signals. The statistical test also showed that the upper trapezius muscle was a better stress detection site as compared to facial muscles.Clinical Relevance- Optimized stress detection can help in the prevention of the possible stress related physical disorders.
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Fatima M, Maué D, Pérez C, Tikhonov DS, Bernhard D, Stamm A, Medcraft C, Gerhards M, Schnell M. Structures and internal dynamics of diphenylether and its aggregates with water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:27966-27978. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04104a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report on a detailed multi-spectroscopic analysis of the structures and internal dynamics of diphenylether and its aggregates with up to three water molecules by employing molecular beam experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Fatima
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
- D-22607 Hamburg
- Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
| | - D. Maué
- TU Kaiserslautern
- Fachbereich Chemie & Research Center Optimas
- D-67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - C. Pérez
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
- D-22607 Hamburg
- Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
| | - D. S. Tikhonov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
- D-22607 Hamburg
- Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
| | - D. Bernhard
- TU Kaiserslautern
- Fachbereich Chemie & Research Center Optimas
- D-67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - A. Stamm
- TU Kaiserslautern
- Fachbereich Chemie & Research Center Optimas
- D-67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - C. Medcraft
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
- D-22607 Hamburg
- Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
| | - M. Gerhards
- TU Kaiserslautern
- Fachbereich Chemie & Research Center Optimas
- D-67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - M. Schnell
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
- D-22607 Hamburg
- Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
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Dabeer S, Afjal MA, Ahmad S, Fatima M, Habib H, Parvez S, Raisuddin S. Transgenerational effect of parental obesity and chronic parental bisphenol A exposure on hormonal profile and reproductive organs of preadolescent Wistar rats of F1 generation: A one-generation study. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:59-76. [PMID: 31510804 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119873017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a global concern about adverse health effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Bisphenol A (BPA), an estrogenic and obesogenic compound, used in the plastic and medical industry has a dominant position among EDCs as far as human health and regulatory scenario are concerned. Due to its omnipresence across the biosphere, population of all age groups and health status is unavoidably exposed to BPA. Transgenerational exposure to BPA and its effects have also been recognized. However, there is no report on the transgenerational effect of BPA on metabolically disordered parents, such as obese ones. We studied effect of BPA exposure in F0 generation and its impact on F1 generation and factored parental obesity in transgenerational effect of concurrent exposure to low dose BPA (10 ppm × 180 days) in Wistar rats in a one-generation study protocol. The exposed F0 generation animals were crossed and F1 generation was analyzed 35 days after birth for indications of reproductive toxicity. We observed changes in hormone levels and disturbance in glucose and lipid homeostasis. Animals showed increased serum cholesterol and triglycerides along with higher birth weight and rapid weight gain. Histopathological evidence confirmed the presence of regressive and inflammatory changes in the ovary and testis. The test group showed metabolic disturbances in comparison to control group. Our study showed the additive effect of parental obesity in transgenerational reproductive toxicity of BPA. Female animals of F1 generation of BPA-treated obese parents showed more insulin resistance than males with similar exposure scenario. Our study highlights the confounding role of metabolic disorders such as obesity in the transgenerational toxicity of BPA, which otherwise itself is implicated in the aetiology of such metabolic disorders, directly or indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dabeer
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - M A Afjal
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - S Ahmad
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - M Fatima
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - H Habib
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - S Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - S Raisuddin
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
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Afjal MA, Abdi SH, Sharma S, Ahmad S, Fatima M, Dabeer S, Akhter J, Raisuddin S. Anti-inflammatory role of tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl) in nephroprotection. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:713-723. [PMID: 30924375 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119836203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the mechanisms involved in the acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by cisplatin (CP)-induced nephrotoxicity. Tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl) has powerful antioxidant activity. We investigated its potential nephroprotective effects and the underlying mechanisms that may add further benefits to its clinical usefulness in a CP-induced AKI model. Male Swiss albino mice were divided randomly into four groups: control, CP (20 mg/kg intraperitoneally), tempol (100 mg/kg/day, per os) + CP, and tempol only treatments. Blood samples were collected to analyze renal function parameters. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analysis were used to assess the level and localization of inflammatory markers. Tempol afforded protection to animals from CP-induced elevation of inflammatory markers as indicated by reduced expression of nuclear factor-kappa B, cyclooxygenase-2, and tumor necrosis factor-α in kidney tissue. Histological findings and analysis of kidney function markers corroborated with these findings confirming a nephroprotective role for tempol. In conclusion, this study provides important evidence for the promising anti-inflammatory effects of tempol which appears to contribute significantly to its nephroprotective action.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Afjal
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Sa Hasan Abdi
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - S Ahmad
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - M Fatima
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - S Dabeer
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - J Akhter
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - S Raisuddin
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
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Bernhard D, Fatima M, Poblotzki A, Steber AL, Pérez C, Suhm MA, Schnell M, Gerhards M. Dispersion-controlled docking preference: multi-spectroscopic study on complexes of dibenzofuran with alcohols and water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:16032-16046. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02635e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The planarity and rigidity of dibenzofuran inverts the docking preference for increasingly bulky R-OH solvent molecules, compared to the closely related diphenyl ether. Now, London dispersion favors OH⋯π hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Bernhard
- TU Kaiserslautern
- Fachbereich Chemie & Research Center Optimas
- D-67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - M. Fatima
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
- Notkestr. 85
- D-22607 Hamburg
- Germany & Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
| | - A. Poblotzki
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Universität Göttingen
- D-37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - A. L. Steber
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
- Notkestr. 85
- D-22607 Hamburg
- Germany & Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
| | - C. Pérez
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
- Notkestr. 85
- D-22607 Hamburg
- Germany & Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
| | - M. A. Suhm
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Universität Göttingen
- D-37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - M. Schnell
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
- Notkestr. 85
- D-22607 Hamburg
- Germany & Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
| | - M. Gerhards
- TU Kaiserslautern
- Fachbereich Chemie & Research Center Optimas
- D-67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
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Wilcock CJ, Stafford GP, Miller CA, Ryabenkova Y, Fatima M, Gentile P, Möbus G, Hatton PV. Preparation and Antibacterial Properties of Silver-Doped Nanoscale Hydroxyapatite Pastes for Bone Repair and Augmentation. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2017; 13:1168-1176. [PMID: 31251149 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2017.2387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of deep bone infections remains a significant challenge in orthopaedic and dental surgery. The relatively recent commercial manufacture of nanoscale hydroxyapatite has provided surgeons with an injectable biomaterial that promotes bone tissue regeneration, and with further modification it may be possible to incorporate antimicrobial properties into these devices. Silver-doped nanoscale hydroxyapatite pastes (0, 2, 5 and 10 mol.% silver) were prepared using a rapid mixing method. When the process was modified to prepare a 10 mol.% silver-doped material, silver phosphate was detected in addition to nanoscale hydroxyapatite. Thermal decomposition occurred more readily with greater silver content following calcination at 1000 °C for 2 h. Silver-doped nanoscale hydroxyapatite pastes showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a dose dependent manner using both agar diffusion assays and suspension cultures. It was concluded that the enhanced antibacterial activity of the silver-doped pastes was due to the action of diffusible silver ions. Based on these results, silver-doped nanoscale hydroxyapatite pastes represent a highly promising new biomaterial system for the prevention and treatment of deep infections in bone tissue.
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Saeed S, Jahangir M, Fatima M, Shaikh RS, Khattak RM, Ali M, Iqbal F. PCR based detection of Theileria lestoquardi in apparently healthy sheep and goats from two districts in Khyber Pukhtoon Khwa (Pakistan). Trop Biomed 2015; 32:225-232. [PMID: 26691250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Theileria lestoquardi from two districts of Khyber Pukhtoon Khwa (Kohat and Peshawar) in Pakistan and also to report the risk factors associated with the spread of ovine theileriosis. A total of 165 blood samples were collected from sheep (N = 44) and goats (N = 121) from randomly selected herds. Data on the characteristics of animals and the herds were collected through questionnaires. Five (3%) out of total 165 samples produced 730 base pairs DNA fragment, through PCR amplification of 18S SSU rRNA gene, specific for T. lestoquardi. All positive samples were from district Kohat while samples from Peshawar were found negative for this parasite. Statistical analysis indicated a significant association (P = 0.005) between sampling site and prevalence of T. lestoquardi. It was observed that presence of tick on the ruminant (P = 0.0007) and the dogs associated with the herd (P = 0.001) were highly significant risk factor for the spread of ovine theileriosis. It was also observed that mixed herds (containing both sheep and goats) were more prone to the parasite. We have concluded that PCR is a sensitive and reliable diagnostic tool for detection of T. lestoquardi in blood samples of small ruminants and can be used for the prophylactic screening and treatment of this blood parasite in order to increase the live stock production in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saeed
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - M Jahangir
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat, Pakistan
| | - M Fatima
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - R S Shaikh
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - R M Khattak
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat, Pakistan
| | - M Ali
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - F Iqbal
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800, Pakistan
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15
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Costa AJ, Lustig S, Scholes CJ, Balestro JC, Fatima M, Parker DA. Can tibial coverage in total knee replacement be reliably evaluated with three-dimensional image-based digital templating? Bone Joint Res 2013; 2:1-8. [PMID: 23610696 PMCID: PMC3626184 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.21.2000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives There remains a lack of data on the reliability of methods to
estimate tibial coverage achieved during total knee replacement.
In order to address this gap, the intra- and interobserver reliability
of a three-dimensional (3D) digital templating method was assessed
with one symmetric and one asymmetric prosthesis design. Methods A total of 120 template procedures were performed according to
specific rotational and over-hang criteria by three observers at
time zero and again two weeks later. Total and sub-region coverage
were calculated and the reliability of the templating and measurement
method was evaluated. Results Excellent intra- and interobserver reliability was observed for
total coverage, when minimal component overhang (intraclass correlation
coefficient (ICC) = 0.87) or no component overhang (ICC = 0.92)
was permitted, regardless of rotational restrictions. Conclusions Measurement of tibial coverage can be reliable using the templating
method described even if the rotational axis selected still has
a minor influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Costa
- Sydney Orthopaedic Research Institute, Chatswood, New South Wales, Australia
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16
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Iqbal F, Fatima M, Shahnawaz S, Naeem M, Shaikh R, Ali M, Shaikh A, Aktas M, Ali M. A study on the determination of risk factors associated with babesiosis and prevalence of Babesia sp., by PCR amplification, in small ruminants from Southern Punjab (Pakistan). Parasite 2011; 18:229-34. [PMID: 21894263 PMCID: PMC3671477 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2011183229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Babesiosis is a parasitic infection due to the multiplication of tick borne parasite, Babesia sp., in erythrocytes of host, which includes a wide variety of vertebrates including small ruminants causing decreased livestock output and hence economic losses. The objective of the present study was to establish a PCR based method for the detection of Babesia sp. in small ruminant population in Southern Punjab and to determine the risk factors involve in the spread of babesiosis. A total of 107 blood samples were collected from 40 sheep and 67 goats in seven districts of Southern Punjab from randomly selected herds. Data on the characteristics of the animals and the herd were collected through questionnaires. 36 blood samples (34% of total) produced the DNA fragment specific for 18S rRNA gene of Babesia sp., by PCR amplification, of which 20 were sheep and 16 were goats. Samples from all seven district contained Babesia positive samples and prevalence varied between 18 to 68%. It was observed that male animals (P = 0.009) and young animals under one year of age (P = 0.01) were more prone to the parasite. It was observed that herds consist of more than 15 animals (P = 0.007), composed of mixed species of small ruminants (P = 0.022), associated with dogs (P = 0.003) and dogs having ticks on their bodies (P = 0.011) were among the major risk factors for the spread of babesiosis in small ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Iqbal
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
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17
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Fatima M, Nawaz H, Kassi M, Rehman R, Kasi PM, Kassi M, Afghan AK, Baloch SN. Determining the risk factors and prevalence of osteoporosis using quantitative ultrasonography in Pakistani adult women. Singapore Med J 2009; 50:20-28. [PMID: 19224080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis-related bone fractures are a significant public health problem. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis among Pakistani women and identify modifiable risk factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in an obstetrics / gynaecology setting during March-April 2007 in Quetta, Pakistan. A total of 334 women older than 20 years of age underwent quantitative ultrasonography and were interviewed to find out the risk factors for osteoporosis. Bone mineral density was assessed by the speed of sound using a quantitative ultrasound device. The sociodemographic characteristics of normal, osteopenic and osteoporotic women were compared using the chi-square test for categorical variables and ANOVA for continuous variables. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the independent predictors of being osteopenic or osteoporotic. RESULTS 146 (43.7 percent) women were reported to be normal, 145 (43.4 percent) were osteopenic and 43 (12.9 percent) were osteoporotic. The mean age and standard deviation of the participants were 36.7 years +/- 13.0 years, with a body mass index (BMI) of 25.81 (standard deviation 5.10) kg per square metre. In the univariate analysis, factors that were associated with osteoporosis / osteopenia included age, parity, BMI, smoking (pack years), consumption of calcium-rich food/week, personal and family history of osteoporosis, education and socioeconomic status (p-value is less than 0.05). Using binary logistic regression with osteoporosis / osteopenia as an outcome compared to normal individuals, BMI, smoking pack years, a family history of osteoporosis / fracture and house ownership were found to be independent predictors of the outcome. CONCLUSION The prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia is high, especially among young Pakistani women, and is associated with modifiable risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fatima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bolan Medical College, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
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18
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Fatima M, Mandiki SNM, Douxfils J, Silvestre F, Coppe P, Kestemont P. Combined effects of herbicides on biomarkers reflecting immune-endocrine interactions in goldfish. Immune and antioxidant effects. Aquat Toxicol 2007; 81:159-67. [PMID: 17194491 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Goldfish (Carassius auratus) were exposed to a mixture of herbicides, namely atrazine, simazine, diuron, and isoproturon (ASDI) at a cumulative concentration of 50microg/l for 12 weeks. Control fish and exposed fish were sampled at 4, 8 and 12 weeks of exposure to observe the combined impact of herbicides on non-specific and specific mechanisms of immunity and antioxidant defenses. The antioxidant defenses were evaluated in haemopoietic organs and liver. ASDI-induced stress was reflected as a significant induction of superoxide (O(2)(-)) production in phagocytic cells of head kidney and spleen. In addition, plasma lysozyme activity was consistently high in the treatment group. Specific immunity was assessed by antibody titre responses following immunization of the fish with sheep red blood cells (SRBCs). Antibody titre was reduced throughout the period of observation in ASDI-treated fish. This reduction was found to be significant at week 4 (p<0.05). Herbicide-exposed fish showed reduced resistance against pathogen invasion but remarkable enhancement in lysozyme activity. The ASDI-induced oxidative stress in spleen, kidney and liver was reflected as a change in the antioxidant enzyme activities in these vital organs of fish. Our data indicate that herbicides at concentrations present in water bodies in Europe cause immune suppression in goldfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fatima
- Department of Biology (URBO), University of Namur (FUNDP), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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Bronzoni RVM, Fatima M, Montassier S, Pereira GT, Gama NMSQ, Sakai V, Montassier HJ. Detection of Infectious Bronchitis Virus and Specific Anti- Viral Antibodies Using a Concanavalin A–Sandwich–ELISA. Viral Immunol 2005; 18:569-78. [PMID: 16212536 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2005.18.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Concanavalin A-Sandwich ELISA (Con A-S-ELISA) was developed for the detection of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) or chicken specific anti-viral antibodies. The antigen detection limit for the Con A-S-ELISA was 10(5,1) EID(50)/mL. Three homologous and four heterologous IBV strains were similarly detected. This assay was highly effective in detecting the virus after infected tissue homogenates were passed once in embryonated chicken eggs, showing a good agreement with virus isolation technique. The Con A-S-ELISA was also used to measure anti-IBV chicken antibodies and showed a high coefficient of correlation (r = 0.85) and an agreement of k = 0.80 with the commercially available Indirect-ELISA. The relative sensitivity and specificity between these two tests were, respectively, 92.86% and 95.65% with an accuracy of 93.39%. Thus, the Con A-S-ELISA proved to be able to detect alternatively homologous and heterologous IBV strains or specific chicken anti- IBV antibodies, using the Con A as capture reagent of this assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta V M Bronzoni
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Laboratório de Imunologia e Virologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rodovia Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Fatima M, Ahmad I, Siddiqui R, Raisuddin S. Paper and pulp mill effluent-induced immunotoxicity in freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2001; 40:271-276. [PMID: 11243330 DOI: 10.1007/s002440010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The influence of temperature variation on the humoral immune response using the plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay in freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) was investigated. The fish was exposed to 1% concentration (v/v in water) of paper and pulp mill effluent under standard laboratory conditions in glass aquaria. Effect of effluent exposure on the organ weight and organ cellularity was also evaluated. In general, lower temperature in winter produced a subdued response in control as well as experimental group. At higher temperature of summer and rainy seasons, an elevated response was observed. It was revealed that though suppressive effect of effluent was evident during all the seasons, in summer, extent of suppression was greater as compared to winter. Paper and pulp mill effluent exposure resulted in a decrease in the splenic and pronephric (head kidney) cellularity, with more pronounced effect in the summer season. We also studied the effects of the length of exposure on various parameters. Fish were exposed for 15, 30, 60, and 90 days to effluent. Short-term exposure for 15 days induced an elevated PFC response, but change was not statistically significant. Conversely, the exposure for 30, 60, and 90 days significantly reduced (p < 0.05-0.001) the PFC response. Long-term exposure also caused significant reduction (p < 0.05-0.01) in the weights of lymphoid organs (spleen, head kidney, and total kidney). These results show a suppressive effect of chemical constituents of paper and pulp mill effluent on the immune functions. Furthermore, results demonstrated that though modulatory effect of the temperature on immune functions is recognized, it was not a major contributory factor to the elevated immunotoxicity of paper and pulp mill effluent in the seasons of high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fatima
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
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Ahmad I, Hamid T, Fatima M, Chand HS, Jain SK, Athar M, Raisuddin S. Induction of hepatic antioxidants in freshwater catfish (Channa punctatus Bloch) is a biomarker of paper mill effluent exposure. Biochim Biophys Acta 2000; 1523:37-48. [PMID: 11099856 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(00)00098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants serve as an important biological defense against environmental oxidative stress. Information on antioxidant defense in fish is meager despite that fish are constantly exposed to a myriad of environmental stress including the oxidants. This study, therefore, assesses the activities of antioxidant enzymes viz., glutathione peroxidase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase and the non-enzymatic antioxidants viz., glutathione and metallothionein in various tissues of freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch), in response to short-term and long-term exposures to paper mill effluent. The fish were exposed to the effluent at a concentration of 1.0% (v/v) for 15, 30, 60 and 90 days. The exposure caused a time-dependent increase in glutathione level (P < 0.001), activities of glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001), glutathione S-transferase (P < 0.001) and a marginal initial decrease in catalase activity in the liver (P < 0.01 to P < 0.001). Metallothionein was induced in liver after 60 days of exposure. Two isoforms of metallothionein were detected. Catalase activity also increased 60 days afterwards. Antioxidant pattern was different in gill and kidney showing that liver was more resistant to oxidative damage as compared to gills and kidney. Our results demonstrate a pollutant-induced adaptive response in fish. In addition, levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic tissue antioxidants may serve as surrogate markers of exposure to oxidant pollutants in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ahmad
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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Sayeed I, Ahmad I, Fatima M, Hamid T, Islam F, Raisuddin S. Inhibition of brain Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in freshwater catfish (Channa punctatus bloch) exposed to paper mill effluent. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2000; 65:161-167. [PMID: 10885992 DOI: 10.1007/s001280000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Sayeed
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110 062, India
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Fatima M, Ahmad I, Sayeed I, Athar M, Raisuddin S. Pollutant-induced over-activation of phagocytes is concomitantly associated with peroxidative damage in fish tissues. Aquat Toxicol 2000; 49:243-250. [PMID: 10854669 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-445x(99)00086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Pollutant-induced abnormal functioning of phagocytes and associated consequences were studied in freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Fish were exposed to effluent collected from bleached kraft type of paper mill at the concentration levels of 0.5, 1 and 2% for 15, 30, 60 and 90 days. Respiratory burst activity of peritoneal and head kidney phagocytes of exposed fish was measured by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction assay. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) was estimated in liver, gill and kidney of fish by measuring thiobarbituric acid reaction substances. It was observed that the phagocyte-activating xenobiotics of effluent induced an increase in the respiratory burst activity in phagocytes. The induction of respiratory burst activity was concomitantly associated with an increase in the peroxidative damage of tissues. The tissues most affected were kidney and gills. The change in LPO values in the gills of exposed fish was concentration- and time-dependent, showing significant increases (P<0.05 to <0.001) in all the exposed groups as compared with control fish. An almost similar pattern of LPO was observed in head kidney tissue (P<0.05 to <0.001). As regards liver, increase in LPO was not widespread, except at 0.5% for 90 days (P<0.05). In fact, reduced rates of LPO were observed in the livers of some groups. The results of respiratory burst corroborate with the phagocytic activation as well as with the extent of lipid peroxidation in the tissues, showing high population of circulatory phagocytes. Our results demonstrate that fish of polluted water are subjected to oxidative stress of multifarious dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fatima
- Immunotoxicology and In Vitro Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), 110 062, New Delhi, India
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Hashwani S, Hiran T, Fatima M. Awareness of sexually transmitted diseases in a selected sample in Karachi. J PAK MED ASSOC 1999; 49:161-4. [PMID: 10599202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are a major public health problem in developing countries (Adler, 1996). The purpose of this study was to asses women's knowledge level about STDs. METHODOLOGY A cross sectional survey was done and data collected through a semi-structured interview. A convenient sample of 30 sexually active females between the ages of 15-45 years from an urban community in Karachi was selected for the study. RESULTS The survey findings showed that 30% of the women reported that they had adequate knowledge and 20% partial knowledge. Thus almost three-quarters of the respondents indicated either inadequacy or lack of knowledge about STDs. CONCLUSION Our results establish a need for STD clinics at Community-based Primary Health Care (PHC) Centers. These clinics need to address screening, treatment and health education issues in relation to STDs for the target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hashwani
- Aga Khan University, School of Nursing, Karachi
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25
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Bajaj S, Ahmad I, Fatima M, Raisuddin S, Vohora SB. Immunomodulatory activity of a Unani gold preparation used in Indian system of medicine. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 1999; 21:151-61. [PMID: 10084336 DOI: 10.3109/08923979909016400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Kushta Tila Kalan (KTK), a gold preparation used in Unani-Tibb is claimed to possess general tonic, anti-infective and rejuvenating properties. We evaluated immunomodulatory activity of KTK in male mice. KTK was orally administered to animals at dosage of 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg b.w. for 10 days. Beside general immunopathological parameters, cell-mediated immunity was evaluated by measuring delayed type of hypersensitivity response (DTH) while humoral immunity was assessed using plaque forming cell (PFC) assay. KTK augmented both the immune responses at dose levels of 6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg. The optimum activities were recorded at 25 mg/kg. High dose of 50 mg/kg showed suppressive effects on immune functions. The modulatory effects may be attributed to the interactions of gold with herbomineral adjuncts incorporated during the specialized ashing techniques used in the preparation. The results are interesting in view of reported suppressive effects of other gold preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bajaj
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
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26
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Ahmad I, Fatima M, Athar M, Khan NZ, Raisuddin S. Responses of circulating fish phagocytes to paper mill effluent exposure. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1998; 61:746-753. [PMID: 9871003 DOI: 10.1007/s001289900824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Ahmad
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110 062, India
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Horta MF, Ramalho-Pinto FJ, Fatima M. Role of human decay-accelerating factor in the evasion of Schistosoma mansoni from the complement-mediated killing in vitro. J Exp Med 1991; 174:1399-406. [PMID: 1720809 PMCID: PMC2119036 DOI: 10.1084/jem.174.6.1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Decay-accelerating factor (DAF) is a 70-kD membrane glycoprotein that prevents complement (C)-mediated hemolysis by blocking the assembly or accelerating the decay of C3 convertase. Purified DAF is known to incorporate into the membrane of DAF-deficient cells, inhibiting lysis. Since Schistosoma mansoni is a blood-dwelling parasite, we investigated whether DAF can be transferred from human erythrocytes to the worm and protect it against C-mediated killing in vitro. We have found that schistosomula (schla) incubated with normal human erythrocytes (N-HuE), but not with DAF-deficient erythrocytes, become resistant to C damage in vitro. Protected parasites acquire a 70-kD surface protein which can be immunoprecipitated by anti-DAF antibodies. The acquired resistance is abrogated by treatment of N-HuE-incubated parasites with anti-DAF antibody. These results indicate that, in vitro, N-HuE DAF can be transferred to schla, and suggest its participation in preventing their C-mediated killing. This could represent an important strategy of parasites to evade the host's immune response in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Horta
- Department of Biochemistry-Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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