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Lennon JT, Abramoff RZ, Allison SD, Burckhardt RM, DeAngelis KM, Dunne JP, Frey SD, Friedlingstein P, Hawkes CV, Hungate BA, Khurana S, Kivlin SN, Levine NM, Manzoni S, Martiny AC, Martiny JBH, Nguyen NK, Rawat M, Talmy D, Todd-Brown K, Vogt M, Wieder WR, Zakem EJ. Priorities, opportunities, and challenges for integrating microorganisms into Earth system models for climate change prediction. mBio 2024; 15:e0045524. [PMID: 38526088 PMCID: PMC11078004 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00455-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change jeopardizes human health, global biodiversity, and sustainability of the biosphere. To make reliable predictions about climate change, scientists use Earth system models (ESMs) that integrate physical, chemical, and biological processes occurring on land, the oceans, and the atmosphere. Although critical for catalyzing coupled biogeochemical processes, microorganisms have traditionally been left out of ESMs. Here, we generate a "top 10" list of priorities, opportunities, and challenges for the explicit integration of microorganisms into ESMs. We discuss the need for coarse-graining microbial information into functionally relevant categories, as well as the capacity for microorganisms to rapidly evolve in response to climate-change drivers. Microbiologists are uniquely positioned to collect novel and valuable information necessary for next-generation ESMs, but this requires data harmonization and transdisciplinary collaboration to effectively guide adaptation strategies and mitigation policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. T. Lennon
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - R. Z. Abramoff
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Ronin Institute, Montclair, New Jersey, USA
| | - S. D. Allison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - K. M. DeAngelis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J. P. Dunne
- NOAA/OAR Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - S. D. Frey
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - P. Friedlingstein
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - C. V. Hawkes
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - B. A. Hungate
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Ecosystem Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - S. Khurana
- Department of Physical Geography, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S. N. Kivlin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - N. M. Levine
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - S. Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. C. Martiny
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - J. B. H. Martiny
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - N. K. Nguyen
- American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M. Rawat
- National Science Foundation, Washington, DC, USA
| | - D. Talmy
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - K. Todd-Brown
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - M. Vogt
- Institute for Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - W. R. Wieder
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - E. J. Zakem
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
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Davidson L, Rawat M, Stojanovski S, Chandrasekharan P. Natural drugs, not so natural effects: Neonatal abstinence syndrome secondary to 'kratom'. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2019; 12:109-112. [PMID: 30149482 PMCID: PMC6484255 DOI: 10.3233/npm-1863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitragyna speciosa, also known as kratom, is obtained from the coffee plant family 'Rubiaceae.' Kratom is available in the form of capsules, whole, processed and powdered leaves, and as liquids. Secondary to its 'natural herb' status and opioid effects, it is misconceived to be a safe alternative for the treatment of chronic pain. The use of kratom has increased by tenfold in the United States since 2010. METHODS AND RESULTS We report a term neonate who was born to a chronic kratom user and required treatment with opiates for neonatal drug withdrawal. CONCLUSION Physicians should be aware of these herbal supplements and its potential withdrawal effects in newborn which cannot be picked up by the standard toxicology screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Davidson
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Oishei Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M. Rawat
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Oishei Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - S. Stojanovski
- Department of Pharmacy, Oishei Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - P. Chandrasekharan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Oishei Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Abhishek, Kumar B, Anjay, Mishra AK, Prakash C, Priyadarshini A, Rawat M. Immunization with Salmonella Abortusequi phage lysate protects guinea pig against the virulent challenge of SAE-742. Biologicals 2018; 56:24-28. [PMID: 30181080 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Abortusequi causes important clinical diseases in horses possibly leading to abortion. In the present investigation, the protective efficacy of both plain and aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvanted phage lysate was evaluated in guinea pig model. Broad host range bacteriophage PIZ-SAE-2, was characterized and used for generation of lysates. Three different lysate batches, produced through separate cycles and characterized, were pooled together for immunization study. Plain and adjuvanted phage lysate preparations elicited both humoral and cellmediated immunity. The adjuvanted lysate at a dose of 50 μl elicited the highest protective efficacy against direct challenge at 28th DPI. Thus, the present study describes a new method of bacterial inactivation for producing a new class of better & safe immunprophylactic agents. This is the first report of producing an inactivated vaccine candidate using a new approach against equine salmonellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek
- Bacteriology and Mycology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India.
| | - B Kumar
- Biological Product Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Anjay
- Veterinary Public Health, Bihar Veterinary College, Patna, 800014, India
| | - A K Mishra
- Central Institute of Research on Goat, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura, 281122, India
| | - C Prakash
- Animal Health Division, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, 304501, India
| | - A Priyadarshini
- Bacteriology and Mycology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - M Rawat
- Biological Standardization Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
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Sinha A, Bhatia D, Gulati A, Rawat M, Dinda AK, Hari P, Bagga A. Efficacy and safety of rituximab in children with difficult-to-treat nephrotic syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 30:96-106. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Prajapati A, Ramchandran D, Verma H, Abbas M, Rawat M. Therapeutic efficacy of Brucella phage against Brucella abortus in mice model. Vet World 2014. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.34-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Tiwari S, Singh S, Rawat M, Tilak R, Mishra B. L(9) orthogonal design assisted formulation and evaluation of chitosan-based buccoadhesive films of miconazole nitrate. Curr Drug Deliv 2009; 6:305-16. [PMID: 19604145 DOI: 10.2174/156720109788680921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to prepare and evaluate buccoadhesive films of miconazole nitrate (MCZ). The films based on chitosan were prepared by solvent casting method using L(9) orthogonal array design to release the drug above its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for a prolonged period of time so as to reduce its frequency of administration. As per the experimental design, guar gum, HPMC K15M and HEC were added at three different levels to control the drug release. Films showed smooth, uniform and non-sticky surface with good flexibility and folding endurance. Thickness and weight-variation data showed no significant difference among the batches, indicating that the polymeric blend possessed a good film forming ability and its desired properties could easily be achieved by varying the composition of the casting solution. Films composed of chitosan with guar gum appeared to be tougher; comparatively more bioadhesive in vitro, resided to an appropriate time interval and swelled at a more reasonable rate than those containing HPMC and HEC, suggesting the superiority of guar gum over other polymers. In vitro drug release studies conducted on all batches and microbiological studies done on the statistically optimized formulation demonstrated that the films had ability to sustain the drug concentration above its MIC for 6 hrs, despite the incorporation of a smaller dose (2.5 mg/cm(2) of the film). Films, except CF2 and CF3, followed Fickian diffusion of release mechanism. FT-IR spectra revealed no interactions between the drug and polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221005, India.
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Singh S, Gajra B, Rawat M, Muthu MS. Enhanced transdermal delivery of ketoprofen from bioadhesive gels. Pak J Pharm Sci 2009; 22:193-198. [PMID: 19339232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the in vitro and in vivo transdermal potential of bioadhesive gels of ketoprofen by using gelling polymers like sodium carboxymethylcellulose, xanthan gum, poloxamer 407 and carbopol 934P as bioadhesive polymer with and without penetration enhancer (oleic acid). The effect of oleic acid as a penetration enhancer was examined when it was added to the bioadhesive formulations. Gels were evaluated for bioadhesive force and viscosity. To study the in vitro potential of these formulations, permeation studies were performed with Franz diffusion cell using excised rat abdominal skin. Carrageenan induced rat paw edema model was used to investigate their in vivo performance. The commercial formulation of ketoprofen was used as a reference formulation. The in vitro permeation studies indicate that ketoprofen bioadhesive gel of poloxamer 407 with penetration enhancer was superior to gels of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and xanthan gum with penetration enhancer (oleic acid). The permeation rate of ketoprofen from poloxamer 407 based bioadhesive gel with 15% v/w penetration enhancer was higher (rat abdominal skin flux = 0.421 +/- 0.032 mg/cm(2)/h) than the permeation rate of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and xanthan gum based bioadhesive gel with 15% v/w penetration enhancer. In the paw edema test poloxamer 407 based bioadhesive gel with 15% v/w penetration enhancer showed the best permeation and effectiveness. The in vitro and in vivo studies showed that bioadhesive gels of ketoprofen could be used for effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
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8
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Vyas SP, Rawat M, Rawat A, Mahor S, Gupta PN. Pegylated protein encapsulated multivesicular liposomes: a novel approach for sustained release of interferon alpha. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2006; 32:699-707. [PMID: 16885125 DOI: 10.1080/03639040500528954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C viral chemotherapy suffers from a relatively short half-life of the interferon alpha-2a (IFN alpha). To address this issue, we investigated the effects of polyethylene glycol modification and their subsequent encapsulation in multivesicular liposomes (MVLs), on the release properties of IFN alpha. In the present study, interferon-alpha was conjugated with methoxy-polyethylene glycol (mPEG, MW 5000). Prepared IFN alpha-mPEG5000 conjugate (IFN alpha-mPEG5000) was purified with size exclusion chromatography. The relative in vitro anti-viral activity of pegylated interferon alpha-2a was found to 87.9% of the unmodified IFN alpha. Pegylated IFN alpha encapsulated multivesicular liposomes were prepared by double emulsification technique followed by evaporation of organic solvents from chloroform ether spherules suspended in water. Prepared MVLs were then characterized for shape, size, vesicle count, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro release rate. In process stability studies of pegylated IFN alpha protein exhibited better stability when exposed to chloroform: diethyl ether (1:1 ratio) mixture as well as variable vortexing time as compared to native IFN alpha. Relatively high percentage of encapsulation of protein ( approximately 75%) was achieved. In vitro release profile of pegylated IFN alpha-mPEG5000 containing MVLs in the PBS showed lower initial burst release with sustained and incomplete release over a period of 1 week. In contrast, native IFN alpha entrapped MVLs were observed as higher initial burst release, i.e., nearly 35% followed by almost complete release. The results confirmed the possibility of multivesicular liposomes as a long-acting or sustained-release delivery system using a combination of pegylation and encapsulation technique for controlled delivery of interferon alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Vyas
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya Sagar, MP, India.
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9
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Sarkar P, Kumar H, Rawat M, Varshney VP, Goswami TK, Yadav MC, Srivastava SK. Effect of Administration of Garlic Extract and PGF2慣 on Hormonal Changes and Recovery in Endometritis Cows. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2006.964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Moturi MCZ, Rawat M, Subramanian V. Distribution and partitioning of phosphorus in solid waste and sediments from drainage canals in the industrial belt of Delhi, India. Chemosphere 2005; 60:237-44. [PMID: 15914243 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2004] [Revised: 10/14/2004] [Accepted: 11/16/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential and often limiting nutrient in both marine and freshwater ecosystems. However, its oversupply is of great concern in many environments due to its role in eutrophication. The concentration and distribution of sediment bound phosphorus species not only record its input into the environment, but also suggest their possible sources. It is recognized that the features of phosphorus behaviour have not been extensively studied in urban environments. In this study, phosphorus in solid waste and sediments from drainage canals within the industrial belt of Delhi were fractionated into five operationally defined forms, i.e., exchangeable or loosely sorbed phosphorus (Exch-P), Fe-bound phosphorus (Fe-P), authigenic apatite, CaCO3-bound phosphorus and biogenic apatite (Acet-P), detrital apatite (Det-P) and organic-bound phosphorus (Org-P), in order to assess the potential bioavailability status in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Z Moturi
- Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 30650, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
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11
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Deori S, Kumar H, Yadav MC, Rawat M, Srivastava SK. Intrauterine Administration of Bacterial Modulins: An Alternative Therapy for Endometritis. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2004.9706519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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12
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Moturi MCZ, Rawat M, Subramanian V. Distribution and fractionation of heavy metals in solid waste from selected sites in the industrial belt of Delhi, India. Environ Monit Assess 2004; 95:183-199. [PMID: 15195826 DOI: 10.1023/b:emas.0000029900.86810.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Solid waste samples were collected from five small-scale industrial sites in the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi. These industrial sites represent the regional spread of the industrial belt in the NCT of Delhi. Solid waste samples were digested using aqua-regia and HF in air tight teflon bombs for the quantitative analysis of heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn) by GBC model 902 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Hg was analysed using hydrid generator attachment. Beside this sequential extraction was used to fractionate five heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Cd, Cu and Zn) into six operationally defined phases, viz. water soluble, exchangeable, carbonate-bound, Fe-Mn oxides, organic-bound and residual fractions to ascertain the relative mobility of these metals. The result obtained showed metal concentration to be in the range of Hg 0.42-2.3; Pb 23-530; Cd 014-224; Mn 494-19 964; Fe 35 684-233 119; Ni 192-1534; Cu 3065-10 144 and Zn 116-23 321 (all units in mg kg(-1)) in all the industrial areas studied. The fractionated toxic metals like Pb, Ni and Cd were observed to be in the range of 25-35, 15-50 and 40-50%, respectively, in mobile or bio-available fractions of solid waste. As this waste is often disposed-off by the roadsides, low lying areas, abandoned quarries or in landfill sites which are often not properly planned, thus posing potential risk to ground and surface water quality to millions of people living downstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Z Moturi
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Anbarasu C, Dutta N, Sharma K, Rawat M. Response of goats to partial replacement of dietary protein by a leaf meal mixture containing Leucaena leucocephala, Morus alba and Tectona grandis. Small Rumin Res 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0921-4488(03)00203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Rawat M, Moroney JV. The Regulation of Carbonic Anhydrase and Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Activase by Light and CO2 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol 1995; 109:937-944. [PMID: 12228643 PMCID: PMC161395 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.3.937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the regulation of accumulation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase and the periplasmic carbonic anhydrase (CA) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In algae, the periplasmic CA is required for efficient CO2 fixation when the CO2 concentration is low. These two proteins are affected differently by the CO2 level in the environment. The steady-state level of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase transcript was only slightly and transiently affected by a reduction in ambient CO2 concentration, whereas the CA transcript level was strongly induced by air containing ambient (350 parts per million) CO2 (low CO2) conditions. The transcripts for both proteins showed strong oscillations when the alga was grown under a 12-h light/12-h dark growth regime, with the transcripts encoding these proteins present just before the onset of the light cycle. The observation that the CA transcript was made in the dark was surprising, since earlier reports indicated that active photosynthesis was required for the induction of the periplasmic CA. Further experiments demonstrated that the CA transcript was partially induced under low-CO2 conditions even when the switch to low CO2 was done in the dark. Our results suggest that C. reinhardtii might sense the CO2 concentration in a more direct manner than through C2 or C3 cycle intermediates, which has been previously suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Rawat
- Department of Plant Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
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Robson P, Wright GM, Sitarz E, Maiti A, Rawat M, Youson JH, Keeley FW. Characterization of lamprin, an unusual matrix protein from lamprey cartilage. Implications for evolution, structure, and assembly of elastin and other fibrillar proteins. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:1440-7. [PMID: 7678258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamprin, an insoluble non-collagen, non-elastin protein, is the major connective tissue component of the fibrillar extracellular matrix of lamprey annular cartilage. Here we demonstrate that the soluble monomer of lamprin is a family of highly hydrophobic, self-aggregating proteins with molecular masses of 12 and 10 kDa. Two mRNAs for soluble lamprin were identified (0.9 and 2 kilobases), differing principally in the length of their 3'-untranslated tails. Variants of soluble lamprin appear to arise both as the products of multiple genes and by alternate splicing. Although not generally homologous to any other protein, soluble lamprins contain a tandemly repeated peptide sequence (GGLGY) which is present in both silkmoth chorion proteins and spider dragline silk. Strong homologies to this repeat sequence are also present in several mammalian and avian elastins. Monoclonal antibodies to VGVAPG, a repeated sequence in human elastin, also cross-react with lamprin. We suggest that these proteins share a structural motif which promotes self-aggregation and fibril formation in proteins through interdigitation of hydrophobic side chains in beta-sheet/beta-turn structures, a motif that has been preserved in recognizable form over several hundred million years of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Robson
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Robson P, Wright G, Sitarz E, Maiti A, Rawat M, Youson J, Keeley F. Characterization of lamprin, an unusual matrix protein from lamprey cartilage. Implications for evolution, structure, and assembly of elastin and other fibrillar proteins. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)54095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Dixit S, Dvivedi MS, Rawat M, Gujral MS. Hyperfractionation in advanced head and neck cancer. Indian J Med Sci 1991; 45:176-80. [PMID: 1797659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This preliminary study was undertaken to observe tumour response and normal tissue tolerance to hyperfractionation. This study showed encouraging locoregional control rate in advanced head and neck cancer. Responses T4 tumors are poor and are prone to recur. This indicates that probably greater dose is needed to control T4 disease. We used 7920 cGy for T4 and late T3 status tumour. This dose is well tolerated by patients. Control of T4 tumours may further be increased by increasing total dose, but in view of inadequate clear cut numerical data of tissue tolerance derived by L-Q = Linear Quadratic formula which is still under clinical trial, further increase in total dose cannot be overemphasized. Longer follow up is necessary to assess the long term control rate and late tissue reaction. There is a need of randomized controlled clinical trial to compare hyperfractionation and conventional fractionation. In next phase we are undertaking randomized study of twice daily, daily and weekly fractionation in advanced head and neck cancer.
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Rawat M, Moroney JV. Partial characterization of a new isoenzyme of carbonic anhydrase isolated from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Biol Chem 1991; 266:9719-23. [PMID: 1903396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A new isoenzyme of carbonic anhydrase has been isolated and purified from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. This carbonic anhydrase is composed of two nonidentical subunits with apparent molecular masses of 39 and 4.5 kDa and is located in the periplasmic space. This is the second periplasmic carbonic anhydrase found in C. reinhardtii. Two genes, CAH1 and CAH2, which code for carbonic anhydrase, have been recently described by Fujiwara et al. (Fujiwara, S., Fukuzawa, H., Tachiki, A., and Miyachi, S. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad, Sci. U.S.A. 87, 9779-9783). The CAH1 gene codes for a periplasmic carbonic anhydrase which is induced under low CO2 conditions and is well characterized. The carbonic anhydrase characterized in this report was isolated from a mutant that is unable to synthesize the CAH1 gene product. Amino acid sequencing demonstrates that this newly isolated carbonic anhydrase is the CAH2 gene product. This is the first report of another functional carbonic anhydrase in C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rawat
- Department of Botany, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803
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Rawat M, Sharma KN, Jaticar PR. Presumed anthrax in a camel. Vet Rec 1990; 127:411. [PMID: 2267721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Mehta SM, Parekh P, Khan MA, Singh SD, Rawat M, Mathur PS. A study of radiological changes in protein calorie malnutrition. Indian Pediatr 1980; 17:241-5. [PMID: 6776049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Rawat M, Vijayvargiya R. Serum copper estimation in lymphomas. Indian J Med Res 1977; 66:815-9. [PMID: 608751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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