1
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Johnson TF, Beckerman AP, Childs DZ, Webb TJ, Evans KL, Griffiths CA, Capdevila P, Clements CF, Besson M, Gregory RD, Thomas GH, Delmas E, Freckleton RP. Revealing uncertainty in the status of biodiversity change. Nature 2024; 628:788-794. [PMID: 38538788 PMCID: PMC11041640 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Biodiversity faces unprecedented threats from rapid global change1. Signals of biodiversity change come from time-series abundance datasets for thousands of species over large geographic and temporal scales. Analyses of these biodiversity datasets have pointed to varied trends in abundance, including increases and decreases. However, these analyses have not fully accounted for spatial, temporal and phylogenetic structures in the data. Here, using a new statistical framework, we show across ten high-profile biodiversity datasets2-11 that increases and decreases under existing approaches vanish once spatial, temporal and phylogenetic structures are accounted for. This is a consequence of existing approaches severely underestimating trend uncertainty and sometimes misestimating the trend direction. Under our revised average abundance trends that appropriately recognize uncertainty, we failed to observe a single increasing or decreasing trend at 95% credible intervals in our ten datasets. This emphasizes how little is known about biodiversity change across vast spatial and taxonomic scales. Despite this uncertainty at vast scales, we reveal improved local-scale prediction accuracy by accounting for spatial, temporal and phylogenetic structures. Improved prediction offers hope of estimating biodiversity change at policy-relevant scales, guiding adaptive conservation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Johnson
- School of Biosciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - A P Beckerman
- School of Biosciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - D Z Childs
- School of Biosciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - T J Webb
- School of Biosciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - K L Evans
- School of Biosciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - C A Griffiths
- School of Biosciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Marine Research, Lysekil, Sweden
| | - P Capdevila
- School of Biological Sciences, Biosciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C F Clements
- School of Biological Sciences, Biosciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M Besson
- School of Biological Sciences, Biosciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - R D Gregory
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, UK
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - G H Thomas
- School of Biosciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - E Delmas
- School of Biosciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Habitat, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, Quebec, Canada
| | - R P Freckleton
- School of Biosciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Debrecen Biodiversity Centre, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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2
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Gloor Y, Lloret-Linares C, Bosilkovska M, Perroud N, Richard-Lepouriel H, Aubry JM, Daali Y, Desmeules JA, Besson M. Drug metabolic enzyme genotype-phenotype discrepancy: High phenoconversion rate in patients treated with antidepressants. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113202. [PMID: 35653884 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochromes from the P450 family (CYP) play a central role in the primary metabolism of frequently prescribed antidepressants, potentially affecting their efficacy and tolerance. There are however important differences in the drug metabolic capacities of each individual resulting from a combination of intrinsic and environmental factors. This variability can present an important risk for patients and increases the difficulty of drug prescription in clinical practice. Pharmacogenetic studies have uncovered a number of alleles defining the intrinsic metabolizer status, however, additional factors affecting cytochrome activity can modify this activity and result in a phenoconversion. The present study investigates the discrepancy between the genetically predicted and actually measured activities for the six most important liver cytochromes (CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4) in a cohort of patients under antidepressant treatment, previously shown to have a high proportion of patients with low metabolizing activities. We now performed the genetic characterization of this cohort to determine the extent of the genetic versus environmental contribution in these decreased activities. For all enzyme tested, we observed an important rate of phenoconversion, affecting between 33 % and 65 % of the patients, as well as a significant (p < 1E-06) global reduction in the effective but not predicted activities of CYP2D6, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 compared to the general population. Our results highlight the advantages of phenotyping versus genotyping as well as the increased risk of treatment failure or adverse effect occurrence in a polymedicated population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gloor
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - C Lloret-Linares
- Department of Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Pays de Savoie Private Hospital, Annemasse, France
| | - M Bosilkovska
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthetics Pharmacology and Intensive Care, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N Perroud
- Division of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - H Richard-Lepouriel
- Division of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J-M Aubry
- Division of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland; Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthetics Pharmacology and Intensive Care, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J A Desmeules
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland; Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthetics Pharmacology and Intensive Care, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Besson
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland; Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthetics Pharmacology and Intensive Care, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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O'Connor JJ, Fobert EK, Besson M, Jacob H, Lecchini D. Live fast, die young: Behavioural and physiological impacts of light pollution on a marine fish during larval recruitment. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 146:908-914. [PMID: 31426235 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a recently acknowledged form of anthropogenic pollution of growing concern to the biology and ecology of exposed organisms. Though ALAN can have detrimental effects on physiology and behaviour, we have little understanding of how marine organisms in coastal areas may be impacted. Here, we investigated the effects of ALAN exposure on coral reef fish larvae during the critical recruitment stage, encompassing settlement, metamorphosis, and post-settlement survival. We found that larvae avoided illuminated settlement habitats, however those living under ALAN conditions for 10 days post-settlement experienced changes in swimming behaviour and higher susceptibility to nocturnal predation. Although ALAN-exposed fish grew faster and heavier than control fish, they also experienced significantly higher mortality rates by the end of the experimental period. This is the first study on the ecological impacts of ALAN during the early life history of marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J O'Connor
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Institute for Pacific Coral Reefs, IRCP, 98729, Moorea, French Polynesia.
| | - E K Fobert
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - M Besson
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia; Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR7232, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, 1 avenue du Fontaulé, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - H Jacob
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia; International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a, Quai Antoine 1er, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - D Lecchini
- Institute for Pacific Coral Reefs, IRCP, 98729, Moorea, French Polynesia; PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia; Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Moorea, French Polynesia
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4
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Réocreux R, Girel É, Clabaut P, Tuel A, Besson M, Chaumonnot A, Cabiac A, Sautet P, Michel C. Reactivity of shape-controlled crystals and metadynamics simulations locate the weak spots of alumina in water. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3139. [PMID: 31316059 PMCID: PMC6637198 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10981-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetic stability of any material in water relies on the presence of surface weak spots responsible for chemical weathering by hydrolysis. Being able to identify the atomistic nature of these sites and the first steps of transformation is therefore critical to master the decomposition processes. This is the challenge that we tackle here: combining experimental and modeling studies we investigate the stability of alumina in water. Exploring the reactivity of shape-controlled crystals, we identify experimentally a specific facet as the location of the weak spots. Using biased ab initio molecular dynamics, we recognize this weak spot as a surface exposed tetra-coordinated Al atom and further provide a detailed mechanism of the first steps of hydrolysis. This understanding is of great importance to heterogeneous catalysis where alumina is a major support. Furthermore, it paves the way to atomistic understanding of interfacial reactions, at the crossroad of a variety of fields of research. Gaining atomistic level understanding of alumina/water interfaces is key to unraveling alumina decomposition processes. Here the authors combine the experimental synthesis of shape-controlled γ-Al2O3 samples with metadynamics simulations to identify the surface weak spots responsible for alumina decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Réocreux
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, 69342, Lyon, France.,Thomas Young Centre and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - É Girel
- Direction Catalyse et Séparation, IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360, Solaize, France.,Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon, IRCELYON, CNRS UMR 5256-Univ. Lyon 1, 2, avenue Albert Einstein, 69626, Villeurbanne, France
| | - P Clabaut
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - A Tuel
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon, IRCELYON, CNRS UMR 5256-Univ. Lyon 1, 2, avenue Albert Einstein, 69626, Villeurbanne, France
| | - M Besson
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon, IRCELYON, CNRS UMR 5256-Univ. Lyon 1, 2, avenue Albert Einstein, 69626, Villeurbanne, France
| | - A Chaumonnot
- Direction Catalyse et Séparation, IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360, Solaize, France
| | - A Cabiac
- Direction Catalyse et Séparation, IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360, Solaize, France
| | - P Sautet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - C Michel
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, 69342, Lyon, France.
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5
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Jolimaitre E, Delcroix D, Essayem N, Pinel C, Besson M. Dihydroxyacetone conversion into lactic acid in an aqueous medium in the presence of metal salts: influence of the ionic thermodynamic equilibrium on the reaction performance. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy02385e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Different Lewis acid aluminium complexes catalyse the successive reactions to convert dihydroxyacetone into lactic acid in an aqueous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Jolimaitre
- IRCELYON
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon
- UMR5256 CNRS-Université Lyon 1
- F-69626 Villeurbanne Cedex
- France
| | | | - N. Essayem
- IRCELYON
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon
- UMR5256 CNRS-Université Lyon 1
- F-69626 Villeurbanne Cedex
- France
| | - C. Pinel
- IRCELYON
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon
- UMR5256 CNRS-Université Lyon 1
- F-69626 Villeurbanne Cedex
- France
| | - M. Besson
- IRCELYON
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon
- UMR5256 CNRS-Université Lyon 1
- F-69626 Villeurbanne Cedex
- France
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6
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Lecchini D, Dixson DL, Lecellier G, Roux N, Frédérich B, Besson M, Tanaka Y, Banaigs B, Nakamura Y. Habitat selection by marine larvae in changing chemical environments. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 114:210-217. [PMID: 27600273 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The replenishment and persistence of marine species is contingent on dispersing larvae locating suitable habitat and surviving to a reproductive stage. Pelagic larvae rely on environmental cues to make behavioural decisions with chemical information being important for habitat selection at settlement. We explored the sensory world of crustaceans and fishes focusing on the impact anthropogenic alterations (ocean acidification, red soil, pesticide) have on conspecific chemical signals used by larvae for habitat selection. Crustacean (Stenopus hispidus) and fish (Chromis viridis) larvae recognized their conspecifics via chemical signals under control conditions. In the presence of acidified water, red soil or pesticide, the ability of larvae to chemically recognize conspecific cues was altered. Our study highlights that recruitment potential on coral reefs may decrease due to anthropogenic stressors. If so, populations of fishes and crustaceans will continue their rapid decline; larval recruitment will not replace and sustain the adult populations on degraded reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lecchini
- EPHE, PSL Research University, UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, F-66360 Perpignan, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, Moorea, French Polynesia.
| | - D L Dixson
- School Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - G Lecellier
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, Moorea, French Polynesia; University of Versailles-Saint, Versailles, France
| | - N Roux
- EPHE, PSL Research University, UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, F-66360 Perpignan, France; Equipe Biologie Intégrative de la Métamorphose BIOM UMR7232 CNRS-UPMC Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls sur mer, Banyuls sur mer, France
| | - B Frédérich
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, AFFISH Research Center, Liege, Belgium
| | - M Besson
- EPHE, PSL Research University, UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, F-66360 Perpignan, France; Molecular Zoology Team, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Y Tanaka
- Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Sesoko, Japan
| | - B Banaigs
- EPHE, PSL Research University, UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, F-66360 Perpignan, France
| | - Y Nakamura
- Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
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7
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Abstract
Why is vocal music the oldest and still the most popular form of music? Very possibly because vocal music involves an intimate combination of speech and music, two of the most specific, high-level skills of human beings. The issue we address is whether people listening to a song treat the linguistic and musical components separately or integrate them within a single percept. Event-related potentials were recorded while musicians listened to excerpts from operas sung a capella. Excerpts were ended by semantically congruous or incongruous words sung either in or out of key. Results clearly demonstrated the independence of lyrics and tunes, so that an additive model of semantic- and harmonic-violations processing predicted the data extremely well. These results are consistent with a modular organization of the human cognitive system and open new perspectives in the search for the similarities and differences between language and music processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Besson
- Center for Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, C.N.R.S., Marseille, France
| | - F. Faïta
- University of Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
| | - I. Peretz
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - A.-M. Bonnel
- Center for Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, C.N.R.S., Marseille, France
| | - J. Requin
- Center for Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, C.N.R.S., Marseille, France
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8
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Belin-Rauscent A, Daniel ML, Puaud M, Jupp B, Sawiak S, Howett D, McKenzie C, Caprioli D, Besson M, Robbins TW, Everitt BJ, Dalley JW, Belin D. From impulses to maladaptive actions: the insula is a neurobiological gate for the development of compulsive behavior. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:491-9. [PMID: 26370145 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Impulsivity is an endophenotype of vulnerability for compulsive behaviors. However, the neural mechanisms whereby impulsivity facilitates the development of compulsive disorders, such as addiction or obsessive compulsive disorder, remain unknown. We first investigated, in rats, anatomical and functional correlates of impulsivity in the anterior insular (AI) cortex by measuring both the thickness of, and cellular plasticity markers in, the AI with magnetic resonance imaging and in situ hybridization of the immediate early gene zif268, respectively. We then investigated the influence of bilateral AI cortex lesions on the high impulsivity trait, as measured in the five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), and the associated propensity to develop compulsivity as measured by high drinking levels in a schedule-induced polydipsia procedure (SIP). We demonstrate that the AI cortex causally contributes to individual vulnerability to impulsive-compulsive behavior in rats. Motor impulsivity, as measured by premature responses in the 5-CSRTT, was shown to correlate with the thinness of the anterior region of the insular cortex, in which highly impulsive (HI) rats expressed lower zif268 mRNA levels. Lesions of AI reduced impulsive behavior in HI rats, which were also highly susceptible to develop compulsive behavior as measured in a SIP procedure. AI lesions also attenuated both the development and the expression of SIP. This study thus identifies the AI as a novel neural substrate of maladaptive impulse control mechanisms that may facilitate the development of compulsive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Belin-Rauscent
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M-L Daniel
- Inserm CIC-1402, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - M Puaud
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - B Jupp
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Sawiak
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Howett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C McKenzie
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Caprioli
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Besson
- Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - T W Robbins
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - B J Everitt
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J W Dalley
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Belin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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9
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Besson M, Komen H, Aubin J, de Boer IJM, Poelman M, Quillet E, Vancoillie C, Vandeputte M, van Arendonk JAM. Economic values of growth and feed efficiency for fish farming in recirculating aquaculture system with density and nitrogen output limitations: a case study with African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). J Anim Sci 2015; 92:5394-405. [PMID: 25414104 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In fish farming, economic values (EV) of breeding goal traits are lacking, even though they are key parameters when defining selection objectives. The aim of this study was to develop a bioeconomic model to estimate EV of 2 traits representing production performances in fish farming: the thermal growth coefficient (TGC) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR). This approach was applied to a farm producing African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). In the RAS, 2 factors could limit production level: the nitrogen treatment capacity of the biofilter or the fish density in rearing tanks at harvest. Profit calculation includes revenue from fish sales, cost of juveniles, cost of feed, cost of waste water treatment, and fixed costs. In the reference scenario, profit was modeled to zero. EV were calculated as the difference in profit per kilogram of fish between the current population mean for both traits (µt) and the next generation of selective breeding (µt+Δt) for either TGC or FCR. EV of TGC and FCR were calculated for three generations of hypothetical selection on either TGC or FCR (respectively 6.8% and 7.6% improvement per generation). The results show that changes in TGC and FCR can affect both the number of fish that can be stocked (number of batches per year and number of fish per batch) and the factor limiting production. The EV of TGC and FCR vary and depend on the limiting factors. When dissolved NH3-N is the limiting factor for both µt and µt+Δt, increasing TGC decreases the number of fish that can be stocked but increases the number of batches that can be grown. As a result, profit remains constant and EVTGC is zero. Increasing FCR, however, increases the number of fish stocked and the ratio of fish produced per kilogram of feed consumed ("economic efficiency"). The EVFCR is 0.14 €/kg of fish, and profit per kilogram of fish increases by about 10%. When density is the limiting factor for both µt and µt+Δt, the number of fish stocked per batch is fixed; therefore, extra profit is obtained by increasing either TGC, which increases the annual number of batches, or by decreasing FCR, which decreases annual feed consumption. EVTGC is 0.03 €/kg of fish and EVFCR is 0.05-0.06 €/kg of fish. These results emphasize the importance of calculating economic values in the right context to develop efficient future breeding programs in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Besson
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands AgroParisTech, UMR1313 Génétique animale et biologie intégrative, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75231 Paris 05, France INRA, UMR1313 Génétique animale et biologie intégrative, Allée de Vilvert, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - H Komen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J Aubin
- INRA, Agrocampus Ouest Rennes, UMR1069 Sol Agronomie Spatialisation, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - I J M de Boer
- Animal Production Systems group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Poelman
- IMARES, Wageningen UR, Korringaweg 5, NL-4401 NT Yerseke, the Netherlands
| | - E Quillet
- INRA, UMR1313 Génétique animale et biologie intégrative, Allée de Vilvert, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - C Vancoillie
- Fishion Breeding, Breedijk 13, NL-5705 CJ Helmond, the Netherlands
| | - M Vandeputte
- INRA, UMR1313 Génétique animale et biologie intégrative, Allée de Vilvert, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France IFREMER, Chemin de Maguelone, F-34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - J A M van Arendonk
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Piguet V, D’Incau S, Besson M, Desmeules J, Cedraschi C. Generic Medication In Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Patients: An Issue of Representations, Trust, and Experience. Clin Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Besson M, Génissel M, Georges J, Janvier R, Val-Laillet D. O56: Impact d’une exposition périnatale au sucre et au gras via le régime maternel sur les capacités cognitives, les préférences et la motivation alimentaires de porcelets Yucatan. NUTR CLIN METAB 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0985-0562(14)70632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cermolacce M, Scannella S, Faugère M, Vion-Dury J, Besson M. “All that glitters is not … alone”. Congruity effects in highly and less predictable sentence contexts. Neurophysiol Clin 2014; 44:189-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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13
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Durieux-Paillard S, Calmy A, Besson M. Accéder aux antirétroviraux quand on est sans-papiers : le paradoxe suisse. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2013.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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14
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Matthey A, Cedraschi C, Piguet V, Besson M, Chabert J, Daali Y, Courvoisier D, Montagne A, Dayer P, Desmeules J. Oc027—Dual Reuptake Inhibitor Milnacipran And Spinal Pain Pathways In Fibromyalgia Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. Clin Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Besson M, Matthey A, Youssef D, Vuillemier P, Curatolo M, Dayer P, Zeilhofer H, Desmeules J. PP273—Effect of the gabaa ligands clobazam and clonazepam on the modulation of pain transmission in humans: A pk-pd study. Clin Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.07.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Rodieux F, Zavodnik A, Daali Y, Rollason V, Gomez-Padra K, Fuertes-Fernandez N, Desmeules J, Besson M. PP269—Interest of genotype assessment in antidepressant treatment failure in psychiatric patients: A case report. Clin Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.07.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Jesaimini A, Rollason V, Cedrashi C, Luthy C, Besson M, Boyer C, Desmeules J, Piguet V. PP002—Searching for health and medication information on the internet. A review of the literature. Clin Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Taran OP, Descorme C, Polyanskaya EM, Ayusheev AB, Besson M, Parmon VN. Sibunit-based catalytic materials for the deep oxidation of organic ecotoxicants in aqueous solutions. III: Wet air oxidation of phenol over oxidized carbon and Rr/C catalysts. Catal Ind 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050413020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Tolu S, Eddine R, Marti F, David V, Graupner M, Pons S, Baudonnat M, Husson M, Besson M, Reperant C, Zemdegs J, Pagès C, Hay YAH, Lambolez B, Caboche J, Gutkin B, Gardier AM, Changeux JP, Faure P, Maskos U. Co-activation of VTA DA and GABA neurons mediates nicotine reinforcement. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:382-93. [PMID: 22751493 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is the most important preventable cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. This nicotine addiction is mediated through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), expressed on most neurons, and also many other organs in the body. Even within the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the key brain area responsible for the reinforcing properties of all drugs of abuse, nicotine acts on several different cell types and afferents. Identifying the precise action of nicotine on this microcircuit, in vivo, is important to understand reinforcement, and finally to develop efficient smoking cessation treatments. We used a novel lentiviral system to re-express exclusively high-affinity nAChRs on either dopaminergic (DAergic) or γ-aminobutyric acid-releasing (GABAergic) neurons, or both, in the VTA. Using in vivo electrophysiology, we show that, contrary to widely accepted models, the activation of GABA neurons in the VTA plays a crucial role in the control of nicotine-elicited DAergic activity. Our results demonstrate that both positive and negative motivational values are transmitted through the dopamine (DA) neuron, but that the concerted activity of DA and GABA systems is necessary for the reinforcing actions of nicotine through burst firing of DA neurons. This work identifies the GABAergic interneuron as a potential target for smoking cessation drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tolu
- Département de Neuroscience, Institut Pasteur, Unité Neurobiologie intégrative des systèmes cholinergiques, Paris, France
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20
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Abstract
We have computed the total energy as a function of six important torsion angles of the carcinogen N-2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) bonded to thenitrogen N2 of deoxyguanosine using the semiempirical quantum mechanical method AM1. One global minimum and one local minimum are found separated by a modest barrier. We have computed the normal-mode frequencies of the relevant torsional motions and have determined the rate of conversion betweenthe two minima.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Besson
- Department of Physics, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085 USA
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21
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Besson M, Love-Jones S, Steeds C, Brook P, Chizh B, Pickering A. 461 HOMOTOPIC STIMULATION CAN REDUCE THE AREA OF ALLODYNIA IN PATIENTS WITH NEUROPATHIC PAIN. Eur J Pain 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2007.03.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Taran OP, Polyanskaya EM, Ogorodnikova OL, Descorme C, Besson M, Parmon VN. Sibunit-based catalytic materials for the deep oxidation of organic ecotoxicants in aqueous solutions. II: Wet peroxide oxidation over oxidized carbon catalysts. Catal Ind 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050411020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Taran OP, Polyanskaya EM, Ogorodnikova OL, Descorme C, Besson M, Parmon VN. Sibunit-based catalytic materials for the deep oxidation of organic ecotoxicants in aqueous solution: I. Surface properties of the oxidized sibunit samples. Catal Ind 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050410040136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Besson M, Descorme C, Bernardi M, Gallezot P, di Gregorio F, Grosjean N, Minh DP, Pintar A. Supported noble metal catalysts in the catalytic wet air oxidation of industrial wastewaters and sewage sludges. Environ Technol 2010; 31:1441-1447. [PMID: 21214003 DOI: 10.1080/09593331003628065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews some catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) investigations of industrial wastewaters over platinum and ruthenium catalysts supported on TiO2 and ZrO2 formulated to be active and resistant to leaching, with particular focus on the stability of the catalyst. Catalyst recycling experiments were performed in batch reactors and long-term stability tests were conducted in trickle-bed reactors. The catalyst did not leach upon treatment of Kraft bleaching plant and olive oil mill effluents, and could be either recycled or used for long periods of time in continuous reactors. Conversely, these catalysts were rapidly leached when used to treat effluents from the production of polymeric membranes containing N,N-dimethylformamide. The intermediate formation of amines, such as dimethylamine and methylamine with a high complexing capacity for the metal, was shown to be responsible for the metal leaching. These heterogeneous catalysts also deactivated upon CWAO of sewage sludges due to the adsorption of the solid organic matter. Pre-sonication of the sludge to disintegrate the flocs and improve solubility was inefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Besson
- Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon-IRCELYON, UMR5256 CNRS-Université Lyon 1, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein 69626 Villeurbanne, France.
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25
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Ancrenaz V, Daali Y, Fontana P, Besson M, Samer C, Dayer P, Desmeules J. Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms and Drug – Drug Interactions on Clopidogrel and Prasugrel Response Variability. Curr Drug Metab 2010; 11:667-77. [DOI: 10.2174/138920010794233521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Iselin-Chaves IA, Grötzsch H, Besson M, Burkhard PR, Savoldelli GL. Naloxone-responsive acute dystonia and parkinsonism following general anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 2009; 64:1359-62. [PMID: 19839983 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2009.06068.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Various movement disorders such as dystonia may acutely develop during or at emergence from general anaesthesia in patients with or without pre-existing Parkinson disease. These movements are triggered by a variety of drugs including propofol, sevoflurane, anti-emetics, antipsychotics and opioids. The postulated mechanism involves an imbalance between dopaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmitters in the basal ganglia. We report an acute, severe and generalised dystonic reaction in an otherwise healthy woman at emergence from general anaesthesia, dramatically reversed by the administration of naloxone, pointing to a potential role of the fentanyl and morphine that the patient had received. Recent literature on the mechanisms of abnormal movements induced by opioids are discussed. The severity of the reaction with usual doses of opioids, in a patient with no prior history of parkinsonism, led to further investigation that demonstrated the possibility of an enhanced susceptibility to opioids, involving a genetically determined abnormal function of glycoproteine-P and catechol-O-methyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Iselin-Chaves
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Genève, Switzerland.
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Love-Jones SJ, Steeds CE, Besson M, Brook P, Chizh BA, Pickering AE. Homotopic stimulation can reduce the area of allodynia in patients with neuropathic pain. Anaesthesia 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2009.05780_1.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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de Brito P, Gomez M, Besson M, Scotto B, Huten N, Alison D. Frequency and epidemiology of primary epiploic appendagitis on computed tomography in adults with abdominal pain [in French]. Clin Imaging 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2008.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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de Brito P, Gomez M, Besson M, Scotto B, Huten N, Alison D. Fréquence et épidémiologiedescriptive de l’appendicite épiploïque primitive par l’exploration tomodensitométrique des douleurs abdominales de l’adulte. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 89:235-43. [DOI: 10.1016/s0221-0363(08)70399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Besson M, Desmeules J, Wolff H, Gaspoz JM. [Self-medication amongst illegal Latino-American immigrants: necessary or inapropriate]. Rev Med Suisse 2007; 3:2239-2243. [PMID: 17970159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Self-medication is well known risk in Latin America. This situation can partly be explain by the difficult access to doctors and poorly regulated drug sales. Illegal Latino-American immigrants import their practice of self-medication and their drugs with them. The economic advantage of this practice makes it popular and confronts medical practitioners to question the benefice/risk of such behavior. Taking the particular situation of illegal Latino-American immigrants, this review discusses the necessity of abording systematically the question of self-medication during a medical consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Besson
- Service de medecine de premier recours, HUG, 121 1 Genève.
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32
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Arnault V, Pautrat K, Besson M, de Pinieux G, de Calan L. [Melanoma metastatic to the digestive system]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 144:79-81. [PMID: 17369770 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-7697(07)89476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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33
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Molles BE, Maskos U, Pons S, Besson M, Guiard P, Guilloux JP, Evrard A, Cormier A, Mameli-Engvall M, Cloëz-Tayarani I, Nakatani H, Dufour N, Bemelmans AP, Mallet J, Cazala P, Gardier AM, David V, Faure P, Granon S, Changeux JP. Targeted in vivo expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in mouse brain using lentiviral expression vectors. J Mol Neurosci 2007; 30:105-6. [PMID: 17192649 DOI: 10.1385/jmn:30:1:105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the brain exhibit diverse functional properties and ubiquitous distribution. Yet, except for providing a receptor for the exogenously applied nicotine of tobacco products, their role in the normal functioning of the brain has remained elusive. We have used a lentiviral expression vector to re-express the beta2 subunit specifically in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of beta2-/- mice. The viral vector efficiently expresses beta2- subunit protein leading to new nAChR-binding sites. VTA neurons transduced by the lentiviral vector are responsive to intravenous nicotine when analyzed using in vivo electrophysiology. Nicotine-induced dopamine release from the nucleus accumbens (NuAcc) was also restored in re-expressing beta2-/- mice. Intra-VTA injection of nicotine was found to be reinforcing in both wild-type and beta2-subunit re-expressing beta2-/- mice, but not in beta2-/- mice. Furthermore, in the absence of applied nicotine, the spontaneous slow exploratory behavior of the mice was restored, whereas fast navigation did not change. This latter behavioral analysis suggests a role for beta2* nAChR, specifically expressed in the VTA, in mammalian cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Molles
- Unité Récepteurs et Cognition, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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Chabert J, Rebsamen M, Cedraschi C, Besson M, Chiappe A, Daali Y, Piguet V, Rossier M, Dayer P, Desmeules J. 420 SIGNIFICANCE OF GENETIC AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS IN FIBROMYALGIA. Eur J Pain 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1090-3801(06)60423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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35
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Desmeules J, Cedraschi C, Besson M, Chabert J, Piguet V, Dayer P. 419 CENTRAL PAIN SENSITIZATION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN FIBROMYALGIA. Eur J Pain 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1090-3801(06)60422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Besson M, David V, Suarez S, Cormier A, Cazala P, Changeux JP, Granon S. Genetic dissociation of two behaviors associated with nicotine addiction: beta-2 containing nicotinic receptors are involved in nicotine reinforcement but not in withdrawal syndrome. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2006; 187:189-99. [PMID: 16752141 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-006-0418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2006] [Accepted: 04/19/2006] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nicotine addiction is characterized by two distinct behaviors, chronic compulsive self-administration and the induction of a withdrawal syndrome upon cessation of nicotine consumption. OBJECTIVE To examine if these two processes rely on beta2-containing nicotinic receptors--beta2*nAChRs--we analyzed the behavior of mice lacking these receptors in the two situations. RESULTS First, we showed that, in contrast to wild-type (WT) mice, beta2-knockout (beta2-/-) mice exhibit no intra-ventral tegmental area (VTA) nicotine self-administration, whereas their ability to self-administer morphine is intact. However, beta2-/- mice showed some sensitivity to locomotor effects of nicotine, implying an effect of the drug on other nicotinic subtypes. Then, we observed that beta2-/- mice exhibited a normal nicotine withdrawal syndrome, i.e., increased levels of rearing and jumping upon precipitated withdrawal. Thus, the beta2*nAChRs are not involved in the behaviors induced by cessation of nicotine consumption. CONCLUSION Taken together, the present data demonstrated a genetic dissociation of two distinct behavioral patterns associated with nicotine addiction. They further suggested that independent molecular mechanisms underlie these two aspects, offering the possibility of controlling them separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Besson
- Unité CNRS 2182 Récepteurs & Cognition, Département de Neuroscience, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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37
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De Brito P, Gomez MA, Besson M, Scotto B, Alison D. [Mesenteric hematoma: Unusual complication of a long term oral anticoagulation therapy]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 131:529-32. [PMID: 16712769 DOI: 10.1016/j.anchir.2006.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2003] [Accepted: 03/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Authors report a case of a 77 years old man who developed a small bowel mesenteric hematoma as consequence of an unusual complication from a long term oral anticoagulation treatment. Computed tomoangiography helpfully suggests diagnosis of a mesenteric hematoma and refuts an organic cause as vascular anomalies, by an equivalent method to conventional angiography, noninvasely. In our case report, patient's deterioration justified an emergency surgery corroborating medical imager findings. Authors review the rare cases previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- P De Brito
- Service de radiologie adultes, hôpital Trousseau, CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France.
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Abstract
We reported the case of a three month old child who was suspected of abuse syndrome because of a possible parietal bone fracture during radiographic investigation. At autopsy, the parietal bone abnormalities were not fractures, but proved to be unossified membranous strips. A review of the literature about normal variants of parietal suture on roentgenograms was made to avoid the diagnosis of non-accidental trauma in children, especially in live children where autopsy cannot be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Gomez
- Département de Radiologie Adultes, Hôpital Trousseau, CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours Cedex 1.
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Gomez MA, Mulleman D, Besson M, Alison D. [What is your diagnosis? Asymptomatic polyostotic fibrous dysplasia]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 86:1723-5. [PMID: 16269988 DOI: 10.1016/s0221-0363(05)81516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M-A Gomez
- Département de Radiologie Adultes, Hôpital Trousseau, CHU de Tours, 37044 Tours Cedex.
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Wolff H, Besson M, Holst M, Induni E, Stalder H. [Social inequalities and health: experiences of a mobile health care unit in Geneva]. Rev Med Suisse 2005; 1:2218-22. [PMID: 16248262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Health care professionals are in contact with patients of all social horizons. Healthcare professionals come into contact with patients from all social backgrounds. Low socio-economic status is a well-known determinant of morbidity and mortality. A mobile community health care unit ("Umsco") was created in Geneva in 1996 with the aim of providing health care to very low-income patients who aren't catered for by the traditional healthcare system in Switzerland. The Mobile Unit's patients are mainly female South American illegal immigrants, but also the city' homeless. This article explains how the Unit functions on a day-to-day basis. We describe socio-demographic characteristics of the patients and their main presenting complaints. We also discuss how health care professionals in general can adapt to the specific needs of socially deprived and vulnerable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wolff
- Département de médecine, communautaire, HUG, 1211 Genève 14.
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Maskos U, Molles BE, Pons S, Besson M, Guiard BP, Guilloux JP, Evrard A, Cazala P, Cormier A, Mameli-Engvall M, Dufour N, Cloëz-Tayarani I, Bemelmans AP, Mallet J, Gardier AM, David V, Faure P, Granon S, Changeux JP. Nicotine reinforcement and cognition restored by targeted expression of nicotinic receptors. Nature 2005; 436:103-7. [PMID: 16001069 DOI: 10.1038/nature03694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 449] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2005] [Accepted: 04/28/2005] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, 100 million people are expected to die this century from the consequences of nicotine addiction, but nicotine is also known to enhance cognitive performance. Identifying the molecular mechanisms involved in nicotine reinforcement and cognition is a priority and requires the development of new in vivo experimental paradigms. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain is thought to mediate the reinforcement properties of many drugs of abuse. Here we specifically re-expressed the beta2-subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) by stereotaxically injecting a lentiviral vector into the VTA of mice carrying beta2-subunit deletions. We demonstrate the efficient re-expression of electrophysiologically responsive, ligand-binding nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in dopamine-containing neurons of the VTA, together with the recovery of nicotine-elicited dopamine release and nicotine self-administration. We also quantified exploratory behaviours of the mice, and showed that beta2-subunit re-expression restored slow exploratory behaviour (a measure of cognitive function) to wild-type levels, but did not affect fast navigation behaviour. We thus demonstrate the sufficient role of the VTA in both nicotine reinforcement and endogenous cholinergic regulation of cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Maskos
- Unité Récepteurs et Cognition, CNRS URA 2182, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Abstract
Pancreatic injuries caused by blunt trauma are unusual but associated with a high morbidity and a high mortality because of a delay in diagnosis. Clinical and laboratory findings are non-specific. Accurate grading of blunt pancreatic injury with identification of pancreatic duct disruption helps to define practical treatment guidelines. Computed tomography does not allow direct visualization of the pancreatic duct and may result in low accuracy for the detection of ductal injury. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography is the "gold standard" but invasive (3-5% complication rate, mainly pancreatitis) and may not be possible in up to 30% of patients, or requested after surgery. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography may be used as a therapeutic modality (stenting of the main pancreatic duct). Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography is non invasive and preliminary results are promising. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography detects pseudocysts, has multiplanar capability and complemented with conventional MR imaging allows evaluation of the pancreatic parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Gomez
- Département de Radiologie Adultes Hôpital Trousseau, CHU de Tours, 37044 Tours.
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43
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Abstract
Acute gastric dilatation with necrosis is a rare and severe complication associated with anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and psychogenic polyphagia. The Authors report an unusual case without underlying psychiatric context. Gastric necrosis was suspected based on imaging findings (plain radiograph and computed tomography). The detection of these imaging signs in an appropriate clinical setting, even without underlying psychiatric context, is important to avoid any delay in diagnosis and reduce mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Gomez
- Département de Radiologie Adultes Hôpital Trousseau, CHU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex.
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Besson M, Piguet V, Desmeules J, Oestreicher MK, Grandjean R, Hermann F, Dayer P. Influence du cycle menstruel sur le seuil de la douleur expérimentale. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03012811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Abstract
Aneurysms of the azygos vein are often asymptomatic, detected on a chest radiograph simulating paratracheal mass. When the aneurysm is totally thrombosed, it is impossible to distinguish it from another cause of mediastinal mass. A case is presented in which partial thrombosis of the aneurysm and communication with the superior vena cava led to a diagnosis on angiography and CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Gomez
- Departments of Radiology and Thoracic Surgery, Trousseau Hospital, Medical School University of Tours, 37044 Tours Cedex France
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46
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Gomez MA, Damie F, Besson M, Roger R, Alison D. [Congenital absence of a cervical spine pedicle: misdiagnosis in a context of trauma]. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 2003; 89:738-41. [PMID: 14726842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Absence of a cervical spine pedicle is an exceptional congenital anomaly with a characteristic radiographic triad: i) absence of pedicle producing a pseudo-enlargement of the homolateral foramen, ii) dysplastic aspect with posterior displacement of the homolateral facets and lamina, and iii) defect or absence of the homolateral transverse process. It is particularly important to recognize this radiographic picture in order to avoid misdiagnosis, e.g. unilateral fracture-displacement of the facet joints in a context of acute trauma, as occurred in our case, or pathological enlargement of the foramen (neurofibroma) without trauma. We describe the radiographic presentation of this congenital anomaly, stressing the importance of a homolateral oblique view and the usefulness of computed tomography for correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Gomez
- Département de Radiologie, Hôpital Trousseau, CHU de Tours, 37044 Tours.
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47
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Gomez MA, Bretagnol F, Besson M, Scotto B, Roger R, Alison D. [Radiologic appearance of epiploic appendages and their complications]. J Radiol 2003; 84:1719-24. [PMID: 15022983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
A wide spectrum of pathologic processes can involve epiploic appendages, and primary epiploic appendagitis is the most frequent. Pathologic processes are today more frequently identified with the increased use of radiological assessment (ultrasound and computed tomography) of patients presenting with acute abdominal pain. Recognition of specific imaging abnormalities of complications enables the radiologist to make the diagnosis, thus allowing appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Gomez
- Département de Radiologie, Hôpital Trousseau, CHU Tours, 37044 Tours Cedex.
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48
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Gomez MA, Besson M, Roger R, Scotto B, Alison D. Caractérisation des incidentalomes surrénaliens découverts sur tomodensitométrie, revue générale. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 37:244-7. [PMID: 14606311 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4401(03)00034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The detection of an incidentaloma at abdominal Computed Tomography (CT), except CT features that permit a specific diagnosis (hemorrhage, myelolipoma or cyst), become a problem to differentiate adenomas from "non adenomas" (primary or secondary malignancy) incidentalomas. A density of ten Hounsfield units or less with a nonenhanced CT is a feature of benign incidentaloma (essentially lipid-rich adrenal adenomas). There are two limitations of this characterization: incidentalomas initially detected at enhanced CT and lipid-poor adrenal adenomas. The relative enhancement washout on enhanced CT, by using a threshold of 50% washout, permit then to characterized as adenomas or "non adenomas" incidentalomas on a 10-minute-delayed enhanced CT. Limitations of this characterization are only for benign pheochromocytomas and atypical adrenal cortical carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Gomez
- Département de radiologie, hôpital Trousseau, centre hospitalier universitaire Tours, 37044 Tours, France.
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49
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Gomez MA, Delhommais A, Besson M, Roger R, Alison D. [Iatrogenic renal perforation during percutaneous angioplasty]. J Mal Vasc 2003; 28:155-7. [PMID: 12910192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is recommended as the first choice of therapy for renal artery stenosis. However, morbidity and mortality are significant. Among hemorrhagic complications, renal perforation is unusual. A case is reported, caused by the use of an angled hydrophilic guidewire, in which the diagnosis has been made by computed tomography angiography with typically perirenal hematoma and extravasation of contrast material corresponding to the perforation. This complication has been successfully treated with conservative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Gomez
- Département de Radiologie Adultes, Hôpital Trousseau, CHU de Tours, 37044 Tours Cedex.
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Gomez MA, Tchokonte M, Delhommais A, Bretagnol F, Bleuet F, Besson M, Roger R, Alison D. [Isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery]. J Radiol 2003; 84:709-11. [PMID: 12910178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Isolated spontaneous dissection of the superior mesenteric artery is uncommon. We report a case complicated by arterial rupture and discuss diagnostic imaging work-up. Diagnosis is usually made by conventional arteriography. But, dissection can also be diagnosed noninvasively by computed tomography angiography and ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Gomez
- Département de Radiologie Adultes, Chu de Tours.
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