1
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Merikallio H, Pincikova T, Kotortsi I, Karimi R, Li CX, Forsslund H, Mikko M, Nyrén S, Lappi-Blanco E, Wheelock ÅM, Kaarteenaho R, Sköld MC. Mucins 3A and 3B Are Expressed in the Epithelium of Human Large Airway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13546. [PMID: 37686350 PMCID: PMC10487631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant mucus secretion is a hallmark of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Expression of the membrane-tethered mucins 3A and 3B (MUC3A, MUC3B) in human lung is largely unknown. In this observational cross-sectional study, we recruited subjects 45-65 years old from the general population of Stockholm, Sweden, during the years 2007-2011. Bronchial mucosal biopsies, bronchial brushings, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were retrieved from COPD patients (n = 38), healthy never-smokers (n = 40), and smokers with normal lung function (n = 40). Protein expression of MUC3A and MUC3B in bronchial mucosal biopsies was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. In a subgroup of subjects (n = 28), MUC3A and MUC3B mRNAs were quantified in bronchial brushings using microarray. Non-parametric tests were used to perform correlation and group comparison analyses. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. MUC3A and MUC3B immunohistochemical expression was localized to ciliated cells. MUC3B was also expressed in basal cells. MUC3A and MUC3B immunohistochemical expression was equal in all study groups but subjects with emphysema had higher MUC3A expression, compared to those without emphysema. Smokers had higher mRNA levels of MUC3A and MUC3B than non-smokers. MUC3A and MUC3B mRNA were higher in male subjects and correlated negatively with expiratory air flows. MUC3B mRNA correlated positively with total cell concentration and macrophage percentage, and negatively with CD4/CD8 T cell ratio in BALF. We concluded that MUC3A and MUC3B in large airways may be a marker of disease or may play a role in the pathophysiology of airway obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heta Merikallio
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland; (H.M.)
- Center of Internal Medicine and Respiratory Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University Hospital of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Terezia Pincikova
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm CF-Center, Albatross, K56, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioanna Kotortsi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reza Karimi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chuan-Xing Li
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Forsslund
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Mikko
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Nyrén
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Division of Radiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisa Lappi-Blanco
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu University, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Åsa M. Wheelock
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Riitta Kaarteenaho
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland; (H.M.)
- Center of Internal Medicine and Respiratory Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University Hospital of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Magnus C. Sköld
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Pournaras N, Andersson A, Kovach MA, Padra M, Che KF, Brundin B, Yoshihara S, Bozinovski S, Lindén SK, Jansson PA, Sköld MC, Qvarfordt I, Lindén A. Glucose Homeostasis in Relation to Neutrophil Mobilization in Smokers with COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:1179-1194. [PMID: 35620349 PMCID: PMC9129100 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s353753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Pournaras
- Division for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Severe COPD Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: Nikolaos Pournaras, Division for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and Karolinska Severe COPD Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, Email
| | - Anders Andersson
- COPD Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- COPD Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Melissa A Kovach
- Division for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Médea Padra
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karlhans F Che
- Division for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Severe COPD Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bettina Brundin
- Division for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shigemi Yoshihara
- Pediatric Allergology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Steven Bozinovski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara K Lindén
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Jansson
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus C Sköld
- Karolinska Severe COPD Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Qvarfordt
- COPD Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Lindén
- Division for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Severe COPD Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ekblom-Bak E, Börjesson M, Bergman F, Bergström G, Dahlin-Almevall A, Drake I, Engström G, Engvall JE, Gummesson A, Hagström E, Hjelmgren O, Jernberg T, Johansson PJ, Lind L, Mannila M, Nyberg A, Persson M, Reitan C, Rosengren A, Rådholm K, Schmidt C, Sköld MC, Sonestedt E, Sundström J, Swahn E, Öhlin J, Östgren CJ, Ekblom Ö. Accelerometer derived physical activity patterns in 27.890 middle-aged adults - the SCAPIS cohort study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:866-880. [PMID: 35080270 PMCID: PMC9302631 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to describe accelerometer-assessed physical activity (PA) patterns and fulfilment of PA recommendations in a large sample of middle-aged men and women, and to study differences between sub-groups of socio-demographic, socio-economic and lifestyle-related variables. A total of 27,890 (92.5% of total participants, 52% women, aged 50-64 years) middle-aged men and women with at least four days of valid hip-worn accelerometer data (Actigraph GT3X+, wGT3X+ and wGT3X-BT) from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study, SCAPIS, were included. In total, 54.5% of daily wear time was spent sedentary, 39.1% in low, 5.4% in moderate, and only 0.1% in vigorous PA. Male sex, higher education, low financial strain, born in Sweden and sedentary/light working situation were related to higher sedentary time, but also higher levels of vigorous PA. High BMI and having multiple chronic diseases associated strongly with higher sedentary time and less time in all three PA intensities. All-year physically active commuters had an overall more active PA pattern. The proportion fulfilling current PA recommendations varied substantially (1.4% to 92.2%) depending on data handling procedures and definition used. Twenty-eight percent was defined as having an "at risk" behaviour, which included both high sedentary time and low vigorous PA. In this large population-based sample, a majority of time was spent sedentary and only a fraction in vigorous PA, with clinically important variations between subgroups. This study provides important reference material and emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive assessment of all aspects of the individual PA pattern in future research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Ekblom-Bak
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Sweden.,Dept MGA, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frida Bergman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg.,Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Albin Dahlin-Almevall
- Department of Health, Learning and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Isabel Drake
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan E Engvall
- CMIV, Centre of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Gummesson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg.,Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emil Hagström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Sweden.,Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ola Hjelmgren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg.,Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jernberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter J Johansson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Mannila
- Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André Nyberg
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Margaretha Persson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christian Reitan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Rosengren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg.,Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Rådholm
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Caroline Schmidt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg
| | - Magnus C Sköld
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Eva Swahn
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jerry Öhlin
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Östgren
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Bergström G, Persson M, Adiels M, Björnson E, Bonander C, Ahlström H, Alfredsson J, Angerås O, Berglund G, Blomberg A, Brandberg J, Börjesson M, Cederlund K, de Faire U, Duvernoy O, Ekblom Ö, Engström G, Engvall JE, Fagman E, Eriksson M, Erlinge D, Fagerberg B, Flinck A, Gonçalves I, Hagström E, Hjelmgren O, Lind L, Lindberg E, Lindqvist P, Ljungberg J, Magnusson M, Mannila M, Markstad H, Mohammad MA, Nystrom FH, Ostenfeld E, Persson A, Rosengren A, Sandström A, Själander A, Sköld MC, Sundström J, Swahn E, Söderberg S, Torén K, Östgren CJ, Jernberg T. Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population. Circulation 2021; 144:916-929. [PMID: 34543072 PMCID: PMC8448414 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.055340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population. Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data. Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population. Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (G. Bergström, E.B., O.A., B.F., O.H., A.R.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Departments of Clinical Physiology (G. Bergström, O.H.), Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margaretha Persson
- Department of Clinical Sciences (M.P., G. Berglund, G.E., M. Magnusson), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Departments of Internal Medicine (M.P.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Martin Adiels
- Sahlgrenska Academy, and School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine (M.A., C.B.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elias Björnson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (G. Bergström, E.B., O.A., B.F., O.H., A.R.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Bonander
- Sahlgrenska Academy, and School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine (M.A., C.B.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Section of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences (H.A., O.D.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Joakim Alfredsson
- Departments of Cardiology (J.A., E.S.), Linköping University, Sweden.,Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences (J.A., E.S., J.E.E., F.H.N., C.J.Ö., A.P.), Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Oskar Angerås
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (G. Bergström, E.B., O.A., B.F., O.H., A.R.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Cardiology (O.A.), Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Berglund
- Department of Clinical Sciences (M.P., G. Berglund, G.E., M. Magnusson), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Heart Centre (A.B., J.L., A. Sandström, A. Själander, S.S.), Umeå University, Sweden
| | - John Brandberg
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.B., E.F., A.F.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Radiology (J.B., E.F., A.F.), Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Institute of Medicine (M.B.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Center for Health and Performance (M.B.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska University Hospital (M.B., B.F., A.R., K.T.), Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Cederlund
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (K.C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olov Duvernoy
- Section of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences (H.A., O.D.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden (Ö.E.)
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences (M.P., G. Berglund, G.E., M. Magnusson), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan E Engvall
- Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences (J.A., E.S., J.E.E., F.H.N., C.J.Ö., A.P.), Linköping University, Sweden.,Clinical Physiology (J.E.E.), Linköping University, Sweden.,CMIV, Centre of Medical Image Science and Visualization (J.E.E., A.P., C.J.Ö.), Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Erika Fagman
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.B., E.F., A.F.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Radiology (J.B., E.F., A.F.), Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Eriksson
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes and Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden (M.E.)
| | - David Erlinge
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (D.E., M.A.M.)
| | - Björn Fagerberg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (G. Bergström, E.B., O.A., B.F., O.H., A.R.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska University Hospital (M.B., B.F., A.R., K.T.), Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Flinck
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.B., E.F., A.F.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Radiology (J.B., E.F., A.F.), Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö (I.G.), Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emil Hagström
- Cardiology (E.H.), Uppsala University, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, and Uppsala Clinical Research Center (E.H.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Ola Hjelmgren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (G. Bergström, E.B., O.A., B.F., O.H., A.R.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Departments of Clinical Physiology (G. Bergström, O.H.), Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Clinical Epidemiology (L.L., J.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Eva Lindberg
- Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research (E.L.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Per Lindqvist
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences (P.L.), Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Johan Ljungberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Heart Centre (A.B., J.L., A. Sandström, A. Själander, S.S.), Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Martin Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Sciences (M.P., G. Berglund, G.E., M. Magnusson), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Cardiology (M. Magnusson), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Sweden (M. Magnusson).,North-West University, Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), Potchefstroom, South Africa (M. Magnusson)
| | - Maria Mannila
- Heart and Vascular Theme, Department of Cardiology, and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (M. Mannila)
| | - Hanna Markstad
- Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Clinical Research Center, Clinical Sciences Malmö (H.M.), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Center for Medical Imaging and Physiology (H.M.), Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Moman A Mohammad
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (D.E., M.A.M.)
| | - Fredrik H Nystrom
- Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences (J.A., E.S., J.E.E., F.H.N., C.J.Ö., A.P.), Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Ellen Ostenfeld
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Clinical Physiology (E.O.), Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Persson
- Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences (J.A., E.S., J.E.E., F.H.N., C.J.Ö., A.P.), Linköping University, Sweden.,Radiology (A.P.), Linköping University, Sweden.,CMIV, Centre of Medical Image Science and Visualization (J.E.E., A.P., C.J.Ö.), Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Annika Rosengren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (G. Bergström, E.B., O.A., B.F., O.H., A.R.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska University Hospital (M.B., B.F., A.R., K.T.), Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anette Sandström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Heart Centre (A.B., J.L., A. Sandström, A. Själander, S.S.), Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Anders Själander
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Heart Centre (A.B., J.L., A. Sandström, A. Själander, S.S.), Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Magnus C Sköld
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine (M.C.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (M.C.S.)
| | - Johan Sundström
- Clinical Epidemiology (L.L., J.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden.,The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (J.S.)
| | - Eva Swahn
- Departments of Cardiology (J.A., E.S.), Linköping University, Sweden.,Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences (J.A., E.S., J.E.E., F.H.N., C.J.Ö., A.P.), Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Heart Centre (A.B., J.L., A. Sandström, A. Själander, S.S.), Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Kjell Torén
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine/School of Public Health and Community Medicine (K.T.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska University Hospital (M.B., B.F., A.R., K.T.), Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Östgren
- Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences (J.A., E.S., J.E.E., F.H.N., C.J.Ö., A.P.), Linköping University, Sweden.,CMIV, Centre of Medical Image Science and Visualization (J.E.E., A.P., C.J.Ö.), Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jernberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital (T.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Merikallio H, Kaarteenaho R, Lindén S, Padra M, Karimi R, Li CX, Lappi-Blanco E, Wheelock ÅM, Sköld MC. Smoking-associated increase in mucins 1 and 4 in human airways. Respir Res 2020; 21:239. [PMID: 32948202 PMCID: PMC7499856 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Smoking-related chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with dysregulated production of mucus. Mucins (MUC) are important both for mucus secretion and epithelial defense. We have examined the distribution of MUC1 and MUC4 in the airway epithelial cells of never-smokers and smokers with and without COPD. Methods Mucosal biopsies and bronchial wash samples were obtained by bronchoscopy from age- and sex-matched COPD-patients (n = 38; GOLD I-II/A-B), healthy never-smokers (n = 40) and current smokers with normal lung function (n = 40) from the Karolinska COSMIC cohort (NCT02627872). Cell-specific expressions of MUC1, MUC4 and regulating factors, i.e., epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) 1 and 2, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Soluble MUC1 was measured by quantitative immunodetection on slot blot. Results The levels of cell-bound MUC1 expression in basal cells and in soluble MUC1 in bronchial wash were increased in smokers, regardless of airway obstruction. Patients with chronic bronchitis had higher MUC1 expression. The expression of MUC4 in cells with goblet cell phenotype was increased in smokers. The expression of EGFR2, but not that of EGFR1, was higher in never-smokers than in smokers. Conclusions Smoking history and the presence of chronic bronchitis, regardless of airway obstruction, affect both cellular and soluble MUC1 in human airways. Therefore, MUC1 may be a novel marker for smoking- associated airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heta Merikallio
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Riitta Kaarteenaho
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sara Lindén
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Médea Padra
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Reza Karimi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chuan-Xing Li
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisa Lappi-Blanco
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Åsa M Wheelock
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus C Sköld
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Vikgren J, Khalil M, Cederlund K, Sörensen K, Boijsen M, Brandberg J, Lampa E, Sköld MC, Wollmer P, Lindberg E, Engvall JE, Bergström G, Torén K, Johnsson ÅA. Visual and Quantitative Evaluation of Emphysema: A Case-Control Study of 1111 Participants in the Pilot Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study (SCAPIS). Acad Radiol 2020; 27:636-643. [PMID: 31326310 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Emphysema is a hallmark of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The primary aim of this study was to investigate inter- and intraobserver agreement of visual assessment of mild emphysema in low-dose multidetector computed tomography of subjects in the pilot SCAPIS in order to certify consistent detection of mild emphysema. The secondary aim was to investigate the performance of quantitative densitometric measurements in the cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants with emphysema (n = 100, 56 males and 44 females) reported in the electronic case report form of pilot SCAPIS and 100 matched controls (gender, age, height, and weight) without emphysema were included. To assess interobserver variability the randomized examinations were evaluated by two thoracic radiologists. For intraobserver variability three radiologists re-evaluated randomized examinations which they originally evaluated. The results were evaluated statistically by Krippendorff's α. The dataset was also assessed quantitively for % lung attenuation value -950 HU (LAV950), mean lung density and total lung volume by commercially available software. RESULTS Emphysema was visually scored as mild and Krippendorff's α was ≥0.8 for both the inter- and intraobserver agreement regarding presence of emphysema and approaching 0.8 regarding presence and extent of emphysema by location in the upper lobes. Mean LAV950 was not different between the emphysematous and the nonemphysematous participants; 8.3% and 8.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION The inter- and intraobserver agreement for visual detection of mild emphysema in low-dose multidetector computed tomography was good. Surprisingly, quantitative analysis could not reliably identify participants with mild emphysema, which hampers the use of automatic evaluation.
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7
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Johansson N, Vondracek M, Backman-Johansson C, Sköld MC, Andersson-Ydsten K, Hedlund J. The bacteriology in adult patients with pneumonia and parapneumonic effusions: increased yield with DNA sequencing method. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 38:297-304. [PMID: 30547334 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to use a 16S rDNA sequencing method in combination with conventional culture in patients with parapneumonic effusions (PPE) to evaluate the methods, study the microbiological spectrum, and examine the presence of bacteria within the different stages of PPE. Adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and PPE (n = 197) admitted to the Departments of Infectious Diseases at four hospitals in Stockholm County during 2011-2014 were prospectively studied. All patients underwent thoracentesis. Twenty-seven non-infectious pleural effusions were used as controls. The pleural samples were analyzed with culture, 16S rDNA sequencing, pH, glucose, and lactate dehydrogenase. Microbiological etiology was found in 99/197 (50%) of the patients with mixed infections in 20 cases. The most common pathogens were viridans streptococci (n = 37) and anaerobic bacteria (n = 40). Among the 152 patients with both methods performed, 26/152 (17%) and 94/152 (62%) had bacteria identified with culture and 16S rDNA sequencing respectively (p < 0.001). In 24/26 (92%) culture-positive cases, the same organism was identified by 16S rDNA. All controls were negative in both methods. Among the patients with complicated PPE and complete sampling, bacteria were found in 69/74 patients (93%), all detected with 16S rDNA sequencing, compared to 23/74 (31%) culture-positive samples (p < 0.001). Compared with culture, 16S rDNA sequencing substantially improved the microbiological yield, a microbiological diagnosis was achieved in almost all patients with complicated PPE, and the specificity seemed to be high. 16S rDNA sequencing should be used together with culture in patients with PPE to guide antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Johansson
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Infectious Diseases Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Martin Vondracek
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus C Sköld
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Lung-Allergy Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Andersson-Ydsten
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Infectious Diseases Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Hedlund
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Infectious Diseases Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
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8
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Lehtonen ST, Veijola A, Karvonen H, Lappi-Blanco E, Sormunen R, Korpela S, Zagai U, Sköld MC, Kaarteenaho R. Pirfenidone and nintedanib modulate properties of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2016; 17:14. [PMID: 26846335 PMCID: PMC4743320 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an incurable lung disease with a poor prognosis. Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are the key cells in the fibrotic process. Recently two drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib, were approved for clinical use as they are able to slow down the disease progression. The mechanisms by which these two drugs act in in vitro cell systems are not known. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the effects of pirfenidone and nintedanib on fibroblasts and myofibroblasts structure and function established from patients with or without IPF. METHODS Stromal cells were collected and cultured from control lung (n = 4) or IPF (n = 7). The cells were treated with pirfenidone and/or nintedanib and the effect of treatment was evaluated by measuring cell proliferation, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin expression by Western analysis and/or immunoelectron microscopy, ultrastructural properties by transmission electron microscopy and functional properties by collagen gel contraction and invasion assays. RESULTS Both pirfenidone and nintedanib reduced in vitro proliferation of fibroblastic cells in a dose dependent manner. The number of cells from control lung was reduced to 47 % (p = 0.04) and of IPF cells to 42 % (p = 0.04) by 1 mM pirfenidone and correspondingly to 67 % (p = 0.04) and 68 % (p = 0.04), by 1 μM nintedanib. If both drugs were used together, a further reduced proliferation was observed. Both pirfenidone and nintedanib were able to reduce the amount of α-SMA and the myofibroblastic appearance although the level of reduction was cell line dependent. In functional assays, the effect of both drugs was also variable. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the ultrastructure and function of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are affected by pirfenidone and nintedanib. Combination of the drugs reduced cell proliferation more than either of them individually. Human lung derived cell culture systems represent a potential platform for screening and testing drugs for fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri T Lehtonen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7 A, FIN-90 220, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Aapistie 5 A, FIN-90220, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Anniina Veijola
- Department of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Aapistie 5 A, FIN-90220, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Henna Karvonen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Aapistie 5 A, FIN-90220, Oulu, Finland.
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada.
| | - Elisa Lappi-Blanco
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 50, FIN90029, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Pathology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5 B, FIN-90220, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Raija Sormunen
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 50, FIN90029, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Pathology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5 B, FIN-90220, Oulu, Finland.
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5 A, FIN-90220, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Saara Korpela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7 A, FIN-90 220, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Aapistie 5 A, FIN-90220, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Ulrika Zagai
- Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Magnus C Sköld
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Riitta Kaarteenaho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Aapistie 5 A, FIN-90220, Oulu, Finland.
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Research Unit and Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5 A, FIN-90220, Oulu, Finland.
- Unit of Medicine and Clinical Research, Pulmonary Division, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Center for Medicine and Clinical Research, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
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9
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Löfdahl M, Kaarteenaho R, Lappi-Blanco E, Tornling G, Sköld MC. Tenascin-C and alpha-smooth muscle actin positive cells are increased in the large airways in patients with COPD. Respir Res 2011; 12:48. [PMID: 21496259 PMCID: PMC3083344 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by inflammation and remodeling of the lungs. This results in alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) and structural changes leading to airflow obstruction. We studied the expression of tenascin-C (Tn-C) and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), which act as a marker of myofibroblasts, in large airways from COPD patients. Our aim was to elucidate whether this expression correlated with smoking or with disease development. METHODS Bronchoscopy was performed on 20 COPD patients (mean age 56 years; range 39-61; FEV1/FVC < 70% and FEV1 median 53% (range 33-69) of predicted). Age and smoking matched smokers (S) without COPD (n = 13) and age matched non-smokers (NS) (n = 14) served as controls. Bronchial mucosal biopsies were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The distribution of Tn-C expression was assessed and graded in three levels, and the number of spindle shaped cells staining positive for α-SMA were counted. RESULTS Biopsies from COPD patients had more (P < 0.001) Tn-C expression than the two control groups. A significantly (P < 0.05) increased number of spindle shaped cells expressing α-SMA was observed in COPD patients compared with the controls. Smokers and nonsmokers did not differ in this respect. The expression of Tn-C correlated positively (P < 0.001) to the number of α-SMA positive cells. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate increased expression of Tn-C and α-SMA positive cells in the large airways in COPD. This was not associated to smoking per se, but to the presence of airway obstruction. Our findings add new information regarding remodeling characteristics and highlight the large airways as a potential site for airways obstruction in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Löfdahl
- Dept Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna. Stockholm Sweden
| | - Riitta Kaarteenaho
- Inst of Clinical Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine/Respiratory Research Unit, Centre of Excellence in Research, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elisa Lappi-Blanco
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital and Institute of Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Göran Tornling
- Dept Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna. Stockholm Sweden
| | - Magnus C Sköld
- Dept Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna. Stockholm Sweden
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10
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Zhu YK, Liu XD, Sköld MC, Umino T, Wang H, Romberger DJ, Spurzem JR, Kohyama T, Wen FQ, Rennard SI. Cytokine inhibition of fibroblast-induced gel contraction is mediated by PGE(2) and NO acting through separate parallel pathways. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2001; 25:245-53. [PMID: 11509336 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.25.2.4383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Contraction of three-dimensional collagen gels is a model of the contraction that characterizes normal healing and remodeling after injury. In the current study, we evaluated the hypothesis that a number of inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, and interferon (IFN)-gamma, modulate this process by induction of prostaglandin (PG) E(2) and nitric oxide (NO) production and that these secondary mediators function in an autocrine or paracrine manner to modulate contraction. Human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL) were cultured in type I collagen gels and floated in medium containing TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, or IFN-gamma alone or in combination (cytomix). All cytokines inhibited the contraction significantly. The potency order was IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma. The cytomix was no more potent than was IL-1 beta alone. PGE(2) production was increased by TNF-alpha (5.0 versus 0.16 ng/ml, P < 0.01), IL-1 beta (5.3 versus 0.16 ng/ml, P < 0.01), and cytomix (5.9 versus 0.16 ng/ml, P < 0.01), and was completely inhibited by indomethacin. Indomethacin (P < 0.05) and L-NG-monomethyl arginine citrate (L-NMMA) (P < 0.05) alone both partially attenuated the inhibition of contraction caused by cytokines alone or by cytomix. Indomethacin and L-NMMA together attenuated inhibition more than either alone (P < 0.05). Exogenous PGE(2) and exogenous NO donors (DETA nononate and 5-amino-3-(4-morpholinyl)-1,2,3-oxadiazolium chloride) inhibited the contraction significantly. The protein kinase A inhibitor KT5270 and the protein kinase G inhibitor Rp-pCPT-cGMPS attenuated the inhibition induced by PGE(2) and NO, respectively. In summary, PGE(2) and NO appear to function in parallel as autocrine/paracrine mediators of cytokine-driven fibroblast inhibition of the contraction of collagen gels and may contribute to remodeling during repair and inflammation in lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Zhu
- Jincheng Hospital, Lan Zhou, China
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