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Engström G, Lampa E, Dekkers K, Lin YT, Ahlm K, Ahlström H, Alfredsson J, Bergström G, Blomberg A, Brandberg J, Caidahl K, Cederlund K, Duvernoy O, Engvall JE, Eriksson MJ, Fall T, Gigante B, Gummesson A, Hagström E, Hamrefors V, Hedner J, Janzon M, Jernberg T, Johnson L, Lind L, Lindberg E, Mannila M, Nilsson U, Persson A, Persson HL, Persson M, Ramnemark A, Rosengren A, Schmidt C, Skoglund Larsson L, Sköld CM, Swahn E, Söderberg S, Torén K, Waldenström A, Wollmer P, Zaigham S, Östgren CJ, Sundström J. Pulmonary function and atherosclerosis in the general population: causal associations and clinical implications. Eur J Epidemiol 2024; 39:35-49. [PMID: 38165527 PMCID: PMC10811042 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-023-01088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Reduced lung function is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but the relationships with atherosclerosis are unclear. The population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage study measured lung function, emphysema, coronary CT angiography, coronary calcium, carotid plaques and ankle-brachial index in 29,593 men and women aged 50-64 years. The results were confirmed using 2-sample Mendelian randomization. Lower lung function and emphysema were associated with more atherosclerosis, but these relationships were attenuated after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Lung function was not associated with coronary atherosclerosis in 14,524 never-smokers. No potentially causal effect of lung function on atherosclerosis, or vice versa, was found in the 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Here we show that reduced lung function and atherosclerosis are correlated in the population, but probably not causally related. Assessing lung function in addition to conventional cardiovascular risk factors to gauge risk of subclinical atherosclerosis is probably not meaningful, but low lung function found by chance should alert for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Erik Lampa
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Koen Dekkers
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Kristin Ahlm
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- BFC, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical AB, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Joakim Alfredsson
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Cardiovascular Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - John Brandberg
- Department of Radiology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Caidahl
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Cederlund
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olov Duvernoy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan E Engvall
- CMIV, Centre of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology; Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria J Eriksson
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Gummesson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emil Hagström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Viktor Hamrefors
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Hedner
- Pulmonary Department, Sleep Disorders Center, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center of Sleep and Wake Disorders, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Cardiovascular Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jernberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Johnson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Lindberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Mannila
- Heart and Vascular Theme, Department of Cardiology, and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Nilsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Persson
- CMIV, Centre of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Lennart Persson
- Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences (IMH), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Margaretha Persson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna Ramnemark
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annika Rosengren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Geriatrics and Emergency Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caroline Schmidt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - C Magnus Sköld
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Swahn
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Cardiovascular Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kjell Torén
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Waldenström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Wollmer
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Suneela Zaigham
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Östgren
- CMIV, Centre of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Johannesen K, Siverskog J, Henriksson M, Janzon M, Lindahl B, Grönqvist E. Implementation of Ticagrelor Reduced Mortality in Routine Clinical Care: Evidence From a Natural Experiment Including 109 995 Patients With Myocardial Infarction in Sweden. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e027384. [PMID: 36870964 PMCID: PMC10111469 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Effectiveness estimates from observational studies on ticagrelor use in routine clinical care are conflicting, with some contrary to the results of the pivotal randomized controlled trial of ticagrelor in acute coronary syndrome. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of implementing and using ticagrelor in routine clinical care in patients with myocardial infarction using a natural experimental approach. Methods and Results This is a retrospective cohort study including patients hospitalized for myocardial infarction in Sweden between 2009 and 2015. The study exploited differences in the timing and speed of ticagrelor implementation between treatment centers as a source of random treatment assignment. The effect of implementing and using ticagrelor was estimated based on the admitting center's likelihood of treating patients with ticagrelor, measured as the proportion of patients treated in the 90 days before patient admission. The main outcome was 12-month mortality. The study included 109 955 patients, of whom 30 773 were treated with ticagrelor. Being admitted to a treatment center with higher past ticagrelor use was associated with a reduction in 12-month mortality (2.5 percentage points for 100% versus 0% past use [95% CI, 0.2-4.8]). The results are in line with the findings from the ticagrelor pivotal trial. Conclusions Using a natural experiment, this study finds that the implementation and use of ticagrelor in routine clinical care has reduced 12-month mortality in patients admitted to the hospital with myocardial infarction in Sweden and supports the external validity of randomized evidence on ticagrelor effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Johannesen
- Centre for Medical Technology Assessment, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Jonathan Siverskog
- Centre for Medical Technology Assessment, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
- Centre for Health Economic ResearchUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Department of Medical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Martin Henriksson
- Centre for Medical Technology Assessment, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of CardiologyUniversity HospitalLinköpingSweden
- Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Bertil Lindahl
- Centre for Health Economic ResearchUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Department of Medical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Erik Grönqvist
- Centre for Health Economic ResearchUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Department of EconomicsUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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Skibniewski M, Venetsanos D, Ahlsson A, Batra G, Friberg Ö, Hofmann R, Janzon M, Karlsson LO, Lawesson SS, Nielsen SJ, Jeppsson A, Alfredsson J. Long-term antithrombotic therapy after coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with preoperative atrial fibrillation. A nationwide observational study from the SWEDEHEART registry. Am Heart J 2023; 257:69-77. [PMID: 36481448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To provide data guiding long-term antithrombotic therapy after coronary artery by-pass grafting (CABG) in patients with preoperative atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS AND RESULTS From the SWEDEHEART registry, we included all patients, between January 2006 and September 2016, with preoperative AF and CHA2DS2-VASC score ≥2, undergoing CABG. Based on dispensed prescriptions 12 to 18 months after CABG, patients were divided in 3 groups: use of platelet inhibitors (PI) only, oral anticoagulant (OAC) only or a combination of OAC + PI. Outcomes were: Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE, [all-cause death, myocardial infarction, or stroke]), net adverse clinical events (NACE, [MACCE or bleeding]) and the individual components of NACE. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to adjust for the non-randomized study design. Among 2,564 patients, 1,040 (41%) were treated with PI alone, 1,064 (41%) with OAC alone, and 460 (18%) with PI + OAC. Treatment with PI alone was associated with higher risk for MACCE (adjusted HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.09-1.88), driven by higher risk for stroke and MI, compared with OAC alone. Treatment with PI + OAC, was associated with higher risk for NACE (adjusted HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.06-1.85), driven by higher risk for bleeds, compared with OAC alone. CONCLUSION In this real-world observational study, a high proportion of patients with AF, undergoing CABG, did not receive a long-term OAC therapy. Treatment with OAC alone was associated with a net clinical benefit, compared with PI alone or PI + OAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Skibniewski
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences and Department of Cardiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Venetsanos
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Solna and Karolinska University hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Ahlsson
- Dept of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gorav Batra
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Örjan Friberg
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Robin Hofmann
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences and Department of Cardiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lars O Karlsson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences and Department of Cardiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sofia Sederholm Lawesson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences and Department of Cardiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Susanne J Nielsen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Jeppsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Alfredsson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences and Department of Cardiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Ekerstad N, Cederholm T, Boström AM, De Geer L, Ekdahl A, Guidetti S, Janzon M, Alfredsson J. [Clinical Frailty Scale - a proxy estimate of biological age]. Lakartidningen 2022; 119:22040. [PMID: 36345801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
The term frailty denotes a multi-dimensional syndrome characterised by reduced physiological reserves and increased vulnerability. Frailty may be used as a marker of biological age, distinct from chronological age. There are several instruments for frailty assessment. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is probably the most commonly used in the acute care context. It is a 9-level scale, derived from the accumulated deficit model of frailty, which combines comorbidity, disability, and cognitive impairment. The CFS assessment is fast and easy to implement in daily clinical practice. The CFS is relevant for risk stratification, and may also be used as a screening instrument to identify frail patients suitable for further geriatric evaluation, i.e. a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). By providing information on long-term prognosis, it may improve informed decision-making on an individual basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Ekerstad
- docent, läkare, institutionen för hälsa, medicin och vård, Linköpings universitet; FoU-enheten, NU-sjukvården
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- professor, läkare, institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, Uppsala universitet; Tema inflammation och åldrande, Karolinska universitetssjukhuset
| | - Anne-Marie Boström
- docent, sjuksköterska, institutionen för neurobiologi, vårdvetenskap och samhälle, Karolins-ka institutet; Tema Inflammation och åldrande, Karolinska universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge; Karolinska Institutet, Institutionen NVS, sektionen för omvårdnad, Huddinge
| | - Lina De Geer
- med dr, läkare, verksamhetschef, verksamhetschef, ANOPIVA, Universitetssjukhuset i Linköping; institutionen för biomedicinska och kliniska vetenskaper, Linköpings universitet
| | - Anne Ekdahl
- docent, läkare, sektionen för geriatrik, Helsingborgs lasarett; institutionen för kliniska vetenskaper Helsingborg, Lunds universitet
| | - Susanne Guidetti
- professor, arbetsterapeut, institutionen för neurobiologi, vårdvetenskap och samhälle, arbetsterapi, Karolinska institutet; Tema kvinnohälsa och hälsoprofessioner, Karolinska universitetssjukhuset
| | - Magnus Janzon
- docent, läkare, centrumchef, Hjärtcentrum, Universitetssjukhuset i Linköping; institutionen för hälsa, medicin och vård, Linköpings universitet
| | - Joakim Alfredsson
- docent, kardiologiska kliniken, Universitetssjukhuset i Linköping; institutionen för hälsa, medi-cin och vård, Linköpings universitet
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Persson Lindell O, Karlsson LO, Nilsson S, Charitakis E, Hagström E, Muhr T, Nilsson L, Henriksson M, Janzon M. Clinical decision support for familial hypercholesterolemia (CDS-FH): Rationale and design of a cluster randomized trial in primary care. Am Heart J 2022; 247:132-148. [PMID: 35181275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an underdiagnosed and undertreated genetic disorder with high risk of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and death. Clinical decision support (CDS) systems have the potential to aid in the identification and management of patients with FH. Prior studies using computer-based systems to screen patients for FH have shown promising results, but there has been no randomized controlled trial conducted. The aim of the current cluster randomized study is to evaluate if a CDS can increase the identification of FH. METHODS We have developed a CDS integrated in the electronic health records that will be activated in patients with elevated cholesterol levels (total cholesterol >8 mmol/L or low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol >5.5 mmol/L, adjusted for age, ongoing lipid lowering therapy and presence of premature coronary artery disease) at increased risk for FH. When activated, the CDS will urge the physician to send an automatically generated referral to the local lipid clinic for further evaluation. To evaluate the effects of the CDS, all primary care clinics will be cluster randomized 1:1 to either CDS intervention or standard care in a Swedish region with almost 500,000 inhabitants. The primary endpoint will be the number of patients diagnosed with FH at 30 months. Resource use and long-term health consequences will be estimated to assess the cost-effectiveness of the intervention. CONCLUSION Despite increasing awareness of FH, the condition remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. The present study will investigate whether a CDS can increase the number of patients being diagnosed with FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Persson Lindell
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping Sweden.
| | - Lars O Karlsson
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping Sweden
| | - Staffan Nilsson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping Sweden; Division of Primary Health Care, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Emmanouil Charitakis
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping Sweden
| | - Emil Hagström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Muhr
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lennart Nilsson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping Sweden; Department of Medicine, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Martin Henriksson
- Center for Medical Technology Assessment, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping Sweden
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Henriksson L, Woisetschläger M, Alfredsson J, Janzon M, Ebbers T, Engvall J, Persson A. The transluminal attenuation gradient does not add diagnostic accuracy to coronary computed tomography. Acta Radiol 2021; 62:867-874. [PMID: 32722968 DOI: 10.1177/0284185120943042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A method for improving the accuracy of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is highly sought after as it would help to avoid unnecessary invasive coronary angiographies. Measurement of the transluminal attenuation gradient (TAG) has been proposed as an alternative to other existing methods, i.e. CT perfusion and CT fractional flow reserve (FFR). PURPOSE To evaluate the incremental value of three types of TAG in high-pitch spiral CCTA with invasive FFR measurements as reference. MATERIAL AND METHODS TAG was measured using two semi-automatic methods and one manual method. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was made to determine the usefulness of TAG alone as well as TAG combined with CCTA for detection of significant coronary artery stenoses defined by an invasive FFR value ≤0.80. RESULTS A total of 51 coronary vessels in 37 patients were included in this retrospective study. Hemodynamically significant stenoses were found in 13 vessels according to FFR. The ROC analysis TAG alone resulted in areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.530 and 0.520 for the semi-automatic TAG and 0.557 for the manual TAG. TAG and CCTA combined resulted in AUCs of 0.567, 0.562 for semi-automatic TAG, and 0.569 for the manual TAG. CONCLUSION The results from our study showed no incremental value of TAG measured in single heartbeat CCTA in determining the severity of coronary artery stenosis degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Henriksson
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences and, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mischa Woisetschläger
- Department of Radiology, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences and, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Joakim Alfredsson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tino Ebbers
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Engvall
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Persson
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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7
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Venetsanos D, Skibniewski M, Janzon M, Lawesson SS, Charitakis E, Böhm F, Henareh L, Andell P, Karlson LO, Simonsson M, Völz S, Erlinge D, Omerovic E, Alfredsson J. Uninterrupted Oral Anticoagulant Therapy in Patients Undergoing Unplanned Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2021; 14:754-763. [PMID: 33826495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to compare interrupted and uninterrupted oral anticoagulant therapy (I-OAC vs. U-OAC) in patients on OAC undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. BACKGROUND There is a paucity of data regarding the optimal peri-procedural management of OAC-treated patients. METHODS In the SWEDEHEART registry, all patients on OAC who were admitted acutely and underwent percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary angiography with a diagnostic procedure, from 2005 to 2017, were included. Outcomes were major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE; death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) and bleeds at 120 days. Propensity score was used to adjust for the nonrandomized treatment selection. RESULTS The study included 6,485 patients: 3,322 in the I-OAC group and 3,163 in the U-OAC group. The cumulative incidence of MACCE was 8.2% (269 events) versus 8.2% (254 events) in the I-OAC and the U-OAC groups, respectively. The adjusted risk for MACCE did not differ between the groups (I-OAC vs. U-OAC hazard ratio: 0.89; 95% confidence interval: 0.71 to 1.12). Similarly, no difference was found in the risk for MACCE or bleeds (12.6% vs. 12.9%, adjusted hazard ratio: 0.87; 95% confidence interval: 0.70 to 1.07). The risk for major or minor in-hospital bleeds did not differ between the groups. However, U-OAC was associated with a significantly shorter duration of hospitalization: 4 (3 to 7) days versus 5 (3 to 8) days; p < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS I-OAC and U-OAC were associated with equivalent risk for MACCE and bleeding complications. An U-OAC strategy was associated with shorter length of hospitalization. These data support U-OAC as the preferable strategy in patients on OAC undergoing coronary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Venetsanos
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mikolaj Skibniewski
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Cardiovascular Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Cardiovascular Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sofia S Lawesson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Cardiovascular Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Emmanouil Charitakis
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Cardiovascular Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Felix Böhm
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Loghman Henareh
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pontus Andell
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars O Karlson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Cardiovascular Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Moa Simonsson
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Völz
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Erlinge
- Department of Cardiology, Lund University Hospital, Skåne, Sweden
| | - Elmir Omerovic
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Alfredsson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Cardiovascular Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Holm A, Henriksson M, Alfredsson J, Janzon M, Johansson T, Swahn E, Vial D, Sederholm Lawesson S. Long term risk and costs of bleeding in men and women treated with triple antithrombotic therapy-An observational study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248359. [PMID: 33764988 PMCID: PMC7993563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bleeding is the most common non-ischemic complication in patients with coronary revascularisation procedures, associated with prolonged hospitalisation and increased mortality. Many factors predispose for bleeds in these patients, among those sex. Anyhow, few studies have characterised the population receiving triple antithrombotic therapy (TAT) as well as long term bleeds from a sex perspective. We investigated the one year rate of bleeds in patients receiving TAT, potential sex disparities and premature discontinuation of TAT. We also assessed health care costs in bleeders vs non-bleeders. SETTING Three hospitals in the County of Östergötland, Sweden during 2009-2015. PARTICIPANTS All patients discharged with TAT registered in the SWEDEHEART registry. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES All bleeds receiving medical attention during one-year follow-up were collected by retrieving relevant information about each patient from medical records. Resource use associated with bleeds was assigned unit cost to estimate the health care costs associated with bleeding episodes. RESULTS Among 272 patients, 156 bleeds occurred post-discharge, of which 28.8% were gastrointestinal. In total 54.4% had at least one bleed during or after the index event and 40.1% bled post discharge of whom 28.7% experienced a TIMI major or minor bleeding. Women discontinued TAT prematurely more often than men (52.9 vs 36.1%, p = 0.01) and bled more (48.6 vs. 37.1%, p = 0.09). One-year mean health care costs were EUR 575 and EUR 5787 in non-bleeding and bleeding patients, respectively. CONCLUSION The high bleeding incidence in patients with TAT, especially in women, is a cause of concern. There is a need for an adequately sized randomised, controlled trial to determine a safe but still effective treatment for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Holm
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martin Henriksson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Joakim Alfredsson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Therese Johansson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eva Swahn
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Dominique Vial
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sofia Sederholm Lawesson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
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Skibniewski M, Venetsanos D, Janzon M, Karlsson L, Lawesson Sederholm S, Nielsen S, Jeppsson A, Alfredsson J. Long term antithrombotic treatment in atrial fibrillation patients undergoing coronary surgery. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Current revascularisation guidelines from ESC recommend treatment with oral anticoagulants (OAC) alone in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients treated with coronary artery by-pass grafting (CABG), after one year of treatment with OAC and platelet inhibition (PI). Little is known about current treatment practice and there is a paucity of evidence to guide decision making.
Purpose
To assess treatment patterns and clinical outcome of OAC as sole antithrombotic treatment one year after CABG in patients with a history of AF, in comparison to PI only and OAC+PI.
Method
We included 2 112 patients (out of 32908 who underwent isolated CABG) from 2006 to 2014 with a history of atrial fibrillation, alive one year after surgery and a CHA2DS2-VASC-score ≥2. Based on data on individual dispensed prescriptions 1 to 1.5 years after surgery, patients were assigned to one of three treatment arms: PI alone (n=931), OAC alone (n=814) or combination of OAC+PI (n=367). Differences in MACE (death, myocardial infarction [MI] and stroke) between the three groups were assessed using a Cox regression model. Data are presented as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals [CI], adjusted for CHA2DS2-VASC-score (which include age, sex, hypertension [HT], congestive heart failure [CHF], stroke, vascular disease and diabetes) for MACE and the individual components of MACE; and CHA2DS2-VASC+history of bleeding regarding readmission for bleeding. Median follow-up was 3 years, range (0.5–3).
Results
Patients treated with PI only were younger (71, 72 and 73 years) and less often had HT (62%, 72 and 70%), and CHF (30, 40 and 40%) in the PI, PI+OAC and OAC groups respectively. Patients treated with PI only, more often had a history of MI (54%) compared to OAC (42%) but not to PI+OAC (53%). The cumulative incidence of MACE at three years was 18.9, 14.0 and 14.9% in the PI, PI+OAC and OAC groups, respectively. The corresponding numbers were for death 9.9, 9.0 and 11.2%, MI 4.6, 3.5 and 1.9%, stroke 6.0, 2.7 and 2.7% and readmission for bleeding 5.9, 11.3 and 7.0%, respectively. After adjustment, PI only was associated with significantly higher risk for MACE (HR 1.36, 95% CI: 1.06–1.75), MI (HR 2.82, 95% CI: 1.47–5.40), and stroke (HR 2.34, 95% CI: 1.36–4.02); while PI+OAC was associated with higher risk for MI (HR 2.43, 95% CI: 1.09–5.34) and bleeding complications (HR 1.58, 95% CI: 1.01–2.46), compared to OAC only.
Conclusions
In CABG patients with a history of AF and an indication for OAC, one year after surgery, treatment with OAC alone was associated with lower MACE rate than PI alone, driven by lower rates of MI and stroke. In addition, OAC only was associated with less bleeding complications than PI+OAC. These real-world data provide support to current ESC guidelines recommending OAC alone one year after CABG surgery.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): County council of Östergötland, Sweden
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Affiliation(s)
- M Skibniewski
- Linkoping University, Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical health Sciences, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - D Venetsanos
- Karolinska Institute and Karolinska university hospital, Coronary artery and Vascular disease, Heart and Vascular Theme., Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Janzon
- Linkoping University, Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical health Sciences, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - L Karlsson
- Linkoping University, Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical health Sciences, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - S Lawesson Sederholm
- Linkoping University, Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical health Sciences, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - S.J Nielsen
- Institute of Medicine - Sahlgrenska Academy - University of Gothenburg, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Jeppsson
- Institute of Medicine - Sahlgrenska Academy - University of Gothenburg, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Alfredsson
- Linkoping University, Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical health Sciences, Linkoping, Sweden
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Venetsanos D, Skibniewski M, Janzon M, Lawesson S, Henareh L, Bohm F, Andell P, Karlson L, Simonsson M, Erlinge D, Omerovic E, Alfredsson J. Uninterrupted oral anticoagulant therapy in patients undergoing unplanned percutaneous coronary intervention. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
To investigate the optimal periprocedural antithrombotic strategy in patients on oral anticoagulants (OAC) who undergoing unplanned percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods
Using data from the SWEDEHEART registry, we identified all patients on OAC who underwent an unplanned PCI, from 2005 to 2017. We compared uninterrupted OAC (U-OAC) vs interrupted OAC (I-OAC) therapy, defined as any discontinuation of OAC at least 24 hours prior to PCI. Outcomes were major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), including death, MI or stroke and net adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (NACCE), including MACCE or major bleeds, up to 120 days after the index procedure.
Results
We included 6485 patients, 3163 in U-OAC and 3322 in I-OAC group. The U-OAC strategy increased over time, by 13% per year. Almost 80% of patients in both groups had an acute coronary syndrome. We found no major differences in terms of medical history, clinical characteristics and the CRUSADE bleeding score on admission. The proportion of patients on warfarin was higher in the I-OAC group (85 vs 81%). Patients in the I-OAC were more likely to receive low-molecular weight heparin (29 vs 12%) and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (6 vs 3%) during the index hospitalisation. In the I-OAC group, dual antiplatelet therapy without OAC was more often prescribed (22 vs 8%) and OAC plus single antiplatelet therapy was less often prescribed (8 vs 22%) at discharge.
At 120 days, the cumulative rate of MACCE was 8.2 vs 8.2% and the rate of NACCE was 12.6 vs 12.9% in I-OAC vs U-OAC, respectively. We found no significant difference in the risk for MACCE and NACCE between the two groups (table). The risk for major or minor in-hospital bleeds was similar. I-OAC was associated with significantly longer time-delay to PCI and length of hospitalisation (table).
Conclusion
Uninterrupted OAC was safe and was associated with significantly shorter length of hospitalisation. Our data support U-OAC as the preferable strategy in patients on OAC undergoing PCI.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- D Venetsanos
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Skibniewski
- Linkoping University Hospital, Cardiology, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - M Janzon
- Linkoping University Hospital, Cardiology, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - S Lawesson
- Linkoping University Hospital, Cardiology, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - L Henareh
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Bohm
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Andell
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Karlson
- Linkoping University Hospital, Cardiology, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - M Simonsson
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Erlinge
- Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - E Omerovic
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Alfredsson
- Linkoping University Hospital, Cardiology, Linkoping, Sweden
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11
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Holm A, Swahn E, Lawesson SS, Gustafsson KM, Janzon M, Jonasson L, Lindahl TL, Alfredsson J. Sex differences in platelet reactivity in patients with myocardial infarction treated with triple antiplatelet therapy - results from assessing platelet activity in coronary heart disease (APACHE). Platelets 2020; 32:524-532. [PMID: 32493086 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1771550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
)Several earlier studies have reported increased risk of bleeding in women with myocardial infarction, (MI) compared to men. The reasons for the observed difference are incompletely understood, but one suggested explanation has been excess dosing of antithrombotic drugs in women. The aim of this prospective observational study was to assess sex differences in platelet activity in patients treated with three different platelet inhibitors. We recruited 125 patients (37 women and 88 men) with MI, scheduled for coronary angiography. All patients received clopidogrel and aspirin. A subgroup of patients received glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa-inhibitor. Platelet aggregation in whole blood was assessed at several time points, using impedance aggregometry. Soluble P-selectin was measured 3 days after admission. There were no significant differences between women and men in baseline features or comorbidities except higher frequency of diabetes, lower hemoglobin value, and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, in women on admission. We observed significantly more in-hospital bleeding events in women compared to men (18.9% vs. 6.8%, p = .04). There were no differences in platelet aggregation using three different agonists, reflecting treatment effect of GPIIb/IIIa-inhibitors, clopidogrel, and aspirin, 6-8 hours, 3 days, 7-9 days, or 6 months after loading dose. Moreover, there was no significant difference in soluble P-selectin. The main finding of this study was a consistent lack of difference between the sexes in platelet aggregation, using three different agonists at several time-points. Our results do not support excess dosing of anti-platelet drugs as a major explanation for increased bleeding risk in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Holm
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine
| | - Eva Swahn
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine
| | - Sofia Sederholm Lawesson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine
| | | | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine
| | - Lena Jonasson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine
| | - Tomas L Lindahl
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Clinical Chemistry
| | - Joakim Alfredsson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine
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12
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Alfredsson J, Omar K, Csog J, Venetsanos D, Janzon M, Ekstedt M. Bleeding complications with clopidogrel or ticagrelor in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients - A real life cohort study of two treatment strategies. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc 2020; 27:100495. [PMID: 32309533 PMCID: PMC7154313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), including potent P2Y12 inhibition after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is recommended in clinical guidelines. However, bleeding complications are common, and associated with worse outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess incidence of bleeding events with a clopidogrel-based compared to a ticagrelor-based DAPT strategy, in a real world population. Secondary aims were to assess ischemic complications and mortality. Methods and Results We identified 330 consecutive STEMI patients with a clopidogrel-based and 330 with a ticagrelor-based DAPT strategy. Patientś medical records were searched for bleeding and ischemic complications, over 6 months follow-up. The two groups were well balanced in baseline characteristics, age (69 years inboth groups), sex (31% vs 32% females), history of diabetes (19% vs 21%), hypertension (43% in both) and MI (17% vs 15%). There was no difference in CRUSADE bleeding score (28 vs 29). After discharge, there were more than twice as many bleeding events with a ticagrelor-based compared with a clopidogrel-based strategy (13.3% vs. 6.5%, p = 0.005). Bleeding events included significantly more severe bleeding complications (TIMI major/minor [5.8 vs 1.0, p = 0.001]) during the ticagrelor-based period. There was no significant difference in the composite of death, MI or stroke (7.8% vs 7.1%, p = 0.76). Conclusions In this observational study, a ticagrelor-based DAPT strategy was associated with significantly more bleeding complications, without any significant change in death, MI or stroke. Larger studies are needed to determine whether bleeding complications off-sets benefits with a more potent DAPT strategy in older and more comorbid real-life patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Alfredsson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kime Omar
- Department of Oncology, Västmanland County Hospital, Västerås, Sweden
| | - József Csog
- Department of Medicine, Vrinnevi Hospital, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Venetsanos
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mattias Ekstedt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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13
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Johannesen K, Janzon M, Jernberg T, Henriksson M. Subcategorizing the Expected Value of Perfect Implementation to Identify When and Where to Invest in Implementation Initiatives. Med Decis Making 2020; 40:327-338. [PMID: 32133911 PMCID: PMC7488812 DOI: 10.1177/0272989x20907353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Purpose. Clinical practice variations and low implementation of effective and cost-effective health care technologies are a key challenge for health care systems and may lead to suboptimal treatment and health loss for patients. The purpose of this work was to subcategorize the expected value of perfect implementation (EVPIM) to enable estimation of the absolute and relative value of eliminating slow, low, and delayed implementation. Methods. Building on the EVPIM framework, this work defines EVPIM subcategories to estimate the expected value of eliminating slow, low, or delayed implementation. The work also shows how information on regional implementation patterns can be used to estimate the value of eliminating regional implementation variation. The application of this subcategorization is illustrated by a case study of the implementation of an antiplatelet therapy for the secondary prevention after myocardial infarction in Sweden. Incremental net benefit (INB) estimates are based on published cost-effectiveness assessments and a threshold of SEK 250,000 (£22,300) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Results. In the case study, slow, low, and delayed implementation was estimated to represent 22%, 34%, and 44% of the total population EVPIM (2941 QALYs or SEK 735 million), respectively. The value of eliminating implementation variation across health care regions was estimated to 39% of total EVPIM (1138 QALYs). Conclusion. Subcategorizing EVPIM estimates the absolute and relative value of eliminating different parts of suboptimal implementation. By doing so, this approach could help decision makers to identify which parts of suboptimal implementation are contributing most to total EVPIM and provide the basis for assessing the cost and benefit of implementation activities that may address these in future implementation of health care interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Johannesen
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jernberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Henriksson
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Sigvant B, Hasvold P, Thuresson M, Jernberg T, Janzon M, Nordanstig J. Myocardial infarction and peripheral arterial disease: Treatment patterns and long-term outcome in men and women results from a Swedish nationwide study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 28:1426-1434. [PMID: 34695221 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319893046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Differences in comorbidity, pharmacotherapy, cardiovascular (CV) outcome, and mortality between myocardial infarction (MI) patients and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients are not well documented. Aim The aim of this study was to compare comorbidity, treatment patterns, CV outcome, and mortality in MI and PAD patients, focusing on sex differences. Methods This observational, population-based study used data retrieved from mandatory Swedish national registries. The risks of MI and death were assessed by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Secondary preventive drug use was characterized. Cox proportional risk hazard modelling was used to determine the risk of specific events. Results Overall, 91,808 incident MI patients and 52,408 PAD patients were included. CV mortality for MI patients at 12, 24, and 36 months after index was 12.3%, 19.3%, and 25.4%, and for PAD patients it was 15.5%, 23.4%, and 31.0%. At index, 89% of MI patients and 65% of PAD patients used aspirin and 74% and 53%, respectively, used statins. Unlike MI women, women with PAD had a lower rate of other CV-related comorbidities and a lower risk of CV events (age-adjusted hazard ratio 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.79‒0.84), CV death (0.78, 0.75‒0.82), and all-cause death (0.78, 0.76‒0.80) than their PAD male counterparts. Conclusion PAD patients were less intensively treated and had a higher CV mortality than MI patients. Women with PAD were less likely than men to present with established polyvascular disease, whereas the opposite was true of women with MI. This result indicates that the lower-limb vasculature may more often be the index site for atherosclerosis in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sigvant
- Department of Surgical Science, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Central Hospital, Sweden
| | | | | | - T Jernberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - M Janzon
- Department of Cardiology, Linköping University, Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - J Nordanstig
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine at the Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Sigvant B, Janzon M, Jernberg T, Thuresson M, Hasvold P, Nordanstig J. Peripheral Arterial Disease Still in the Periphery: Outcome and Treatment Practice for Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease and Myocardial Infarction According to Swedish Nationwide Data. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.06.932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tavenier AH, Hermanides RS, Fabris E, Lapostolle F, Silvain J, ten Berg JM, Lassen JF, Bolognese L, Cantor WJ, Cequier Á, Chettibi M, Goodman SG, Hammett CJ, Huber K, Janzon M, Merkely B, Storey RF, Zeymer U, Ecollan P, Collet JP, Willems FF, Diallo A, Vicaut E, Hamm CW, Montalescot G, van 't Hof AWJ. Efficacy and Safety of Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors on Top of Ticagrelor in STEMI: A Subanalysis of the ATLANTIC Trial. Thromb Haemost 2019; 120:65-74. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1700546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPIs) in combination with clopidogrel improve clinical outcome in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI); however, finding a balance that minimizes both thrombotic and bleeding risk remains fundamental. The efficacy and safety of GPI in addition to ticagrelor, a more potent P2Y12-inhibitor, have not been fully investigated.
Methods 1,630 STEMI patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were analyzed in this subanalysis of the ATLANTIC trial. Patients were divided in three groups: no GPI, GPI administration routinely before primary PCI, and GPI administration in bailout situations. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of death, myocardial infarction, urgent target revascularization, and definite stent thrombosis at 30 days. The safety outcome was non-coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)-related PLATO major bleeding at 30 days.
Results Compared with no GPI (n = 930), routine GPI (n = 525) or bailout GPI (n = 175) was not associated with an improved primary efficacy outcome (4.2% no GPI vs. 4.0% routine GPI vs. 6.9% bailout GPI; p = 0.58). After multivariate analysis, the use of GPI in bailout situations was associated with a higher incidence of non-CABG-related bleeding compared with no GPI (odds ratio [OR] 2.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32–6.64; p = 0.03). However, routine GPI use compared with no GPI was not associated with a significant increase in bleeding (OR 1.78, 95% CI 0.88–3.61; p = 0.92).
Conclusion Use of GPIs in addition to ticagrelor in STEMI patients was not associated with an improvement in 30-day ischemic outcome. A significant increase in 30-day non-CABG-related PLATO major bleeding was seen in patients who received GPIs in a bailout situation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Enrico Fabris
- Cardiovascular Department, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Johanne Silvain
- ACTION Study Group, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Jurrien M. ten Berg
- Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Jens F. Lassen
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Leonardo Bolognese
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliera, Toscana Sudest, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Warren J. Cantor
- Division of Cardiology, Southlake Regional Health Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ángel Cequier
- Heart Disease Institute, Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Shaun G. Goodman
- Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Kurt Huber
- 3rd Department of Medicine, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenspital , Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of Cardiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert F. Storey
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Uwe Zeymer
- Klinikum Ludwigshafen und Institut für Herzinfarktforschung, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Patrick Ecollan
- ACTION Study Group, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Phillipe Collet
- ACTION Study Group, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | | | - Abdourahmane Diallo
- ACTION Study Group, Statistical Unit, Lariboisière Hospital (AP-HP), Paris VII University, Paris, France
| | - Eric Vicaut
- ACTION Study Group, Statistical Unit, Lariboisière Hospital (AP-HP), Paris VII University, Paris, France
| | | | - Gilles Montalescot
- ACTION Study Group, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Arnoud W. J. van 't Hof
- Department of Cardiology, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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17
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Sandstedt M, Henriksson L, Janzon M, Nyberg G, Engvall J, De Geer J, Alfredsson J, Persson A. Evaluation of an AI-based, automatic coronary artery calcium scoring software. Eur Radiol 2019; 30:1671-1678. [PMID: 31728692 PMCID: PMC7033052 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-06489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate an artificial intelligence (AI)–based, automatic coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring software, using a semi-automatic software as a reference. Methods This observational study included 315 consecutive, non-contrast-enhanced calcium scoring computed tomography (CSCT) scans. A semi-automatic and an automatic software obtained the Agatston score (AS), the volume score (VS), the mass score (MS), and the number of calcified coronary lesions. Semi-automatic and automatic analysis time were registered, including a manual double-check of the automatic results. Statistical analyses were Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (⍴), intra-class correlation (ICC), Bland Altman plots, weighted kappa analysis (κ), and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results The correlation and agreement for the AS, VS, and MS were ⍴ = 0.935, 0.932, 0.934 (p < 0.001), and ICC = 0.996, 0.996, 0.991, respectively (p < 0.001). The correlation and agreement for the number of calcified lesions were ⍴ = 0.903 and ICC = 0.977 (p < 0.001), respectively. The Bland Altman mean difference and 1.96 SD upper and lower limits of agreements for the AS, VS, and MS were − 8.2 (− 115.1 to 98.2), − 7.4 (− 93.9 to 79.1), and − 3.8 (− 33.6 to 25.9), respectively. Agreement in risk category assignment was 89.5% and κ = 0.919 (p < 0.001). The median time for the semi-automatic and automatic method was 59 s (IQR 35–100) and 36 s (IQR 29–49), respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions There was an excellent correlation and agreement between the automatic software and the semi-automatic software for three CAC scores and the number of calcified lesions. Risk category classification was accurate but showing an overestimation bias tendency. Also, the automatic method was less time-demanding. Key Points • Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring is an excellent candidate for artificial intelligence (AI) development in a clinical setting. • An AI-based, automatic software obtained CAC scores with excellent correlation and agreement compared with a conventional method but was less time-consuming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mårten Sandstedt
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. .,Department of Radiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, University Hospital of Linköping, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Lilian Henriksson
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Radiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, University Hospital of Linköping, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gusten Nyberg
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Radiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, University Hospital of Linköping, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Engvall
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jakob De Geer
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Radiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, University Hospital of Linköping, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Joakim Alfredsson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Persson
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Radiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, University Hospital of Linköping, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
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18
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Hasvold LP, Erlinge D, Svennblad B, Janzon M, Lindholm D, Sundell KA, Jernberg T, James S. 2207Cardiovascular outcome in THEMIS -like type 2 diabetes patients in Sweden: a nationwide observational study. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The THEMIS study (NCT01991795; in analysis phase; n=19,349) compares the effect of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) vs ASA alone for the prevention of major cardiovascular (CV) events in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) at high CV risk, but without prior myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke. However, there is a lack of real-life data on CV risk in a THEMIS-like population compared to MI patients, where treatment with DAPT is guideline standard. The aim of this study was to investigate the CV risk in a THEMIS-like population vs an MI population
Methods
Patients invasively managed in Sweden (2006–2014) were identified using the SWEDEHEART registry and the National Patient Registry. Two populations were studied: a THEMIS-like population including patients with CAD and T2D, ≥1 vessel disease or elective percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI], and no prior stroke or MI), and a MI patient population alive at discharge. The cumulative incidence of the primary composite outcome (CV death (CVD)/MI/stroke) was estimated 3 years after index using the Kaplan-Meier method, and with probability plots adjusted for age, sex, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure. A 30 days blanking period for outcome was added to ensure capture of new events (index THEMIS-pop.: after angiography; index MI-pop.: after discharge).
Results
Overall, 6,534 THEMIS-like patients and 96,638 MI patients were included. At index, the THEMIS-like patients (CAD and T2D without previous MI/stroke) were aged 67.1 years (mean), 26.6% women, 9.2% AF, and 4.7% HF, while the MI patients were aged 67.3 years (mean), 30.7% women, 15.5% T2D, 17.9% previous MI, 5.2% stroke, 6.4% AF, and 4.8% HF. Three-year cumulative incidence for the composite outcome CVD/MI/stroke was 0.149 (95% CI 0.140, 0.158) for THEMIS-like patients, and 0.148 (95% CI 0.145, 0,15) for MI patients (p=0.88 log rank test) (Figure). Corresponding adjusted probably plots: 0.135 (95% CI 0.127, 0.143) and 0.131 (95% CI 0.128, 0.133). MI was the main risk driver with greatest cumulative incidence in both populations (0.091 vs 0.087) (Figure).
Figure 1
Conclusions
In this Swedish real-life setting, THEMIS-like patients, followed from 30 days after invasive intervention, had a similar long-term risk for CV events compared with MI patients surviving 30 days after discharge, with MI as the main risk driver, despite having no previous ischemic events. The present data indicate that long-term ischemic risk prevention should be a key strategy in coronary artery disease patients with diabetes requiring elective invasive intervention.
Acknowledgement/Funding
AstraZeneca
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Hasvold
- AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Medical department, Södertälje, Sweden
| | | | - B Svennblad
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Janzon
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - T Jernberg
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S James
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala, Sweden
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19
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Siverskog J, Janzon M, Levin LÅ, Alfredsson J, Henriksson M. 3333Contemporary mortality rates in myocardial infarction patients in Sweden: a tale of two registries. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sweden has contributed to the understanding of the long-term prognosis after myocardial infarction (MI) utilising the quality registry SWEDEHEART, including patients admitted to heart intensive care, and the National Patient Registry (PAR), based on administrative records for Swedish hospitals. As registration procedures differ between the registries, and not all MI patients are admitted to heart intensive care, MI patients identified in SWEDEHEART and PAR, respectively, will yield different cohorts of patients. This may result in different epidemiological research findings regarding prognosis after MI.
Purpose
To study MI populations identified in SWEDEHEART and PAR, respectively, and investigate potential differences in mortality outcome.
Methods
Patients hospitalised with an MI primary diagnosis (ICD-10 I21) between 2002 and 2015 were identified using SWEDEHEART and PAR. The analysis time started at the date of hospital admission and survivors were followed for 365 days. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate survival by cohort category controlling for age and gender.
Results
Excluding cases with invalid data (n=1,905), 225,612 and 282,118 SWEDEHEART and PAR patients, respectively, were identified. We found 213,367 patients in both SWEDEHEART and PAR, whereas 12,245 and 68,751 patients were unique to SWEDEHEART and PAR, respectively. The one-year survival probability after MI in the SWEDEHEART population was 0.841, compared to 0.788 in PAR (Figure). This discrepancy can be explained by high mortality among patients not covered by SWEDEHEART and persists after controlling for age and gender (Table). To what extent differences in registration procedures and other patient characteristics can explain the mortality difference is an area for further research.
One-year survival by age and gender Age ± 1 year Male Female PAR S.H. Diff. PAR S.H. Diff. 65 0.922 0.936 0.015 0.919 0.936 0.017 70 0.893 0.909 0.016 0.889 0.908 0.019 75 0.829 0.858 0.029 0.834 0.860 0.026 80 0.743 0.783 0.040 0.768 0.800 0.033 85 0.625 0.677 0.052 0.662 0.705 0.042
One-year survival after MI
Conclusion
Estimated one-year survival for MI patients differs by up to 5 percentage points depending on the registry used. Although further research is needed to fully understand these differences, epidemiological findings regarding MI prognosis should be interpreted in light of registry type used and population represented.
Acknowledgement/Funding
Region Östergötland
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Janzon
- Linkoping University Hospital, Linkoping, Sweden
| | | | - J Alfredsson
- Linkoping University Hospital, Linkoping, Sweden
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20
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Holm AC, Henriksson M, Alfredsson J, Janzon M, Johansson T, Swahn E, Vial D, Sederholm Lavesson S. P4635Long term risk and costs of bleeding in men and women treated with triple antithrombotic therapy. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Triple antithrombotic therapy (TAT) is known to increase bleeds and its relevance is questioned. No study has observed the long-term risk of bleeding and health care costs from a sex perspective, in a total TAT population. We investigated the rate of all bleeds in patients receiving TAT at index hospitalization and within one year. We explored early discontinuation of TAT and potential sex disparities. We also assessed health care costs related to bleeding complications.
Methods
All patients discharged with TAT registered in SWEDEHEART in the County of Östergötland 2009–2015 were included. Information about bleeds during one-year follow-up were retrieved from the medical records. All bleeds receiving medical attention were included. Resource use associated with bleeds were assigned unit cost to estimate the health care costs associated with bleeding episodes.
Results
Among 272 identified patients, 156 bleeds occurred post-discharge, of which 28.8% were gastrointestinal. In total 54.4% had at least one bleed during or after the index event and 40.1% bled post discharge of whom 28.7% experienced a TIMI major or minor bleeding. Women discontinued TAT prematurely more often than men (52.9 vs 36.1%, p=0.01) and bled more (48.6 vs. 37.1%, p=0.09). One-year mean health care costs were EUR 575 and EUR 5787 in non-bleeding and bleeding patients, respectively.
Conclusion
The very high bleeding incidence in patients with TAT is a cause of concern, especially in women. There is a need for an adequately sized randomized, controlled trial to determine a safe but still effective treatment for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Holm
- Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | | | | | - M Janzon
- Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | | | - E Swahn
- Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - D Vial
- Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
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21
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Lindholm D, Sarno G, Erlinge D, Svennblad B, Hasvold LP, Janzon M, Jernberg T, James SK. Combined association of key risk factors on ischaemic outcomes and bleeding in patients with myocardial infarction. Heart 2019; 105:1175-1181. [PMID: 31055499 PMCID: PMC6662954 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2018-314590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In patients with myocardial infarction (MI), risk factors for bleeding and ischaemic events tend to overlap, but the combined effects of these factors have scarcely been studied in contemporary real-world settings. We aimed to assess the combined associations of established risk factors using nationwide registries. Methods Using the Swedish Web-system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies registry, patients with invasively managed MI in 2006–2014 were included. Six factors were assessed in relation to cardiovascular death (CVD)/MI/stroke, and major bleeding: age ≥65, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, multivessel disease, prior bleeding and prior MI. Results We studied 100 879 patients, of whom 20 831 (20.6%) experienced CVD/MI/stroke and 5939 (5.9%) major bleeding, during 3.6 years median follow-up. In adjusted Cox models, all factors were associated with CVD/MI/stroke, and all but prior MI were associated with major bleeding. The majority (53.5%) had ≥2 risk factors. With each added risk factor, there was a marked but gradual increase in incidence of the CVD/MI/stroke. This was seen also for major bleeding, but to a lesser extent, largely driven by prior bleeding as the strongest risk factor. Conclusions The majority of patients with MI had two or more established risk factors. Increasing number of risk factors was associated with higher rate of ischaemic events. When excluding patients with prior major bleeding, bleeding incidence rate increased only minimally with increasing number of risk factors. The high ischaemic risk in those with multiple risk factors highlights an unmet need for additional preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanna Sarno
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Erlinge
- Department of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bodil Svennblad
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jernberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan K James
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Jernberg T, Lindholm D, Hasvold LP, Svennblad B, Bodegård J, Sundell Andersson K, Thuresson M, Erlinge D, Janzon M. Impact of ischaemic heart disease severity and age on risk of cardiovascular outcome in diabetes patients in Sweden: a nationwide observational study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e027199. [PMID: 30948612 PMCID: PMC6500345 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare short-term cardiovascular (CV) outcome in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients without ischaemic heart disease (IHD), with IHD but no prior myocardial infarction (MI), and those with prior MI; and assess the impact on risk of age when initiating first-time glucose-lowering drug (GLD). DESIGN Cohort study linking morbidity, mortality and medication data from Swedish national registries. PARTICIPANTS First-time users of GLD during 2007-2016. OUTCOMES Predicted cumulative incidence for the CV outcome (MI, stroke and CV mortality) was estimated. A Cox model was developed where age at GLD start and CV risk was modelled. RESULTS 260 070 first-time GLD users were included, 221 226 (85%) had no IHD, 16 294 (6%) had stable IHD-prior MI and 22 550 (9%) had IHD+MI. T2D patients without IHD had a lower risk of CV outcome compared with the IHD populations (±prior MI), (3-year incidence 4.78% vs 5.85% and 8.04%). The difference in CV outcome was primarily driven by a relative greater MI risk among the IHD patients. For T2D patients without IHD, an almost linear association between age at start of GLD and relative risk was observed, whereas in IHD patients, the younger (<60 years) patients had a relative greater risk compared with older patients. CONCLUSIONS T2D patients without IHD had a lower risk of the CV outcome compared with the T2D populations with IHD, primarily driven by a greater risk of MI. For T2D patients without IHD, an almost linear association between age at start of GLD and relative risk was observed, whereas in IHD patients, the younger patients had a relative greater risk compared with older patients. Our findings suggest that intense risk prevention should be the key strategy in the management of T2D patients, especially for younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Jernberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Lindholm
- UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research center, Uppsala Clinical Research center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Bodil Svennblad
- UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research center, Uppsala Clinical Research center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Magnus Janzon
- Cardiology, Linkopings Universitet, Linkoping, Sweden
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23
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Sandstedt M, De Geer J, Henriksson L, Engvall J, Janzon M, Persson A, Alfredsson J. Long-term prognostic value of coronary computed tomography angiography in chest pain patients. Acta Radiol 2019; 60:45-53. [PMID: 29742921 DOI: 10.1177/0284185118773551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is increasingly used to detect coronary artery disease (CAD), but long-term follow-up studies are still scarce. PURPOSE To evaluate the prognostic value of CCTA in patients with suspected CAD. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 1205 consecutive CCTA patients with chest pain were classified as normal coronary arteries, non-obstructive CAD, or obstructive CAD. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac event (MACE), defined as a composite outcome including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, or late revascularization (after >90 days). RESULTS Over 7.5 years follow-up (median = 3.1 years), Kaplan-Meier estimates demonstrated a MACE in 1.0%, 4.6%, and 20.7% in normal coronary arteries, non-obstructive CAD, and obstructive CAD, respectively. Log rank test for pairwise comparisons showed significant differences between non-obstructive CAD and normal coronary arteries ( P = 0.023) and between obstructive CAD and normal coronary arteries ( P < 0.001). In a multivariable analysis, adjusting for classical risk factors, non-obstructive CAD and obstructive CAD were independent predictors of MACE, with hazard ratios (HR) of 3.22 ( P = 0.041) and 25.18 ( P < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION Patients with normal coronary arteries have excellent long-term prognosis, but the risk for MACE increases with non-obstructive and obstructive CAD. Both non-obstructive and obstructive CAD are independently associated with future ischemic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mårten Sandstedt
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jakob De Geer
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lilian Henriksson
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Engvall
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Persson
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Joakim Alfredsson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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24
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Ekerstad N, Pettersson S, Alexander K, Andersson D, Eriksson S, Janzon M, Lindenberger M, Swahn E, Alfredsson J. Frailty as an instrument for evaluation of elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: A follow-up after more than 5 years. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2018; 25:1813-1821. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487318799438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background There is a growing body of evidence on the relevance of using frailty measures also in a cardiovascular context. The estimated time to death is crucial in clinical decision-making in cardiology. However, data on the importance of frailty in long-term mortality are very scarce. The aim of the study was to assess the prognostic value of frailty on mortality at long-term follow-up of more than 5 years in patients 75 years or older hospitalised for non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. We hypothesised that frailty is independently associated with long-term mortality. Design This was a prospective, observational study conducted at three centres. Methods and results Frailty was assessed according to the Canadian Study of Health and Aging clinical frailty scale (CFS). Of 307 patients, 149 (48.5%) were considered frail according to the study instrument (degree 5–7 on the scale). The long-term all-cause mortality of more than 5 years (median 6.7 years) was significantly higher among frail patients (128, 85.9%) than non-frail patients (85, 53.8%), ( P < 0.001). In Cox regression analysis, frailty was independently associated with mortality from the index hospital admission to the end of follow-up (hazard ratio 2.06, 95% confidence interval 1.51–2.81; P < 0.001) together with age ( P < 0.001), ejection fraction ( P = 0.012) and Charlson comorbidity index ( P = 0.018). Conclusions In elderly non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients, frailty was independently associated with all-cause mortality at long-term follow-up of more than 6 years. The combined use of frailty and comorbidity may be the ultimate risk prediction concept in the context of cardiovascular patients with complex needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Ekerstad
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, NU (NÄL-Uddevalla) Hospital Group, Sweden
| | - Staffan Pettersson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Karen Alexander
- Department of Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, USA
| | - David Andersson
- Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Sofia Eriksson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Marcus Lindenberger
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Eva Swahn
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Joakim Alfredsson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden
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25
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Alfredsson J, Janzon M, Venetsanos D, Ekstedt M. P1721Bleeding complications, before and after introduction of ticagrelor, in real-life patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Alfredsson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences,, Linköping, Sweden
| | - M Janzon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences,, Linköping, Sweden
| | - D Venetsanos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences,, Linköping, Sweden
| | - M Ekstedt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping, Sweden
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26
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Lindholm D, Sarno G, Erlinge D, Svennblad B, Hasvold P, Janzon M, Jernberg T, James S. 1398Association of key risk factors and their combinations on ischemic outcomes and bleeding in patients with invasively managed myocardial infarction in Sweden. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Lindholm
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Sarno
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - B Svennblad
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Hasvold
- AstraZeneca NordicBaltic, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - M Janzon
- Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - S James
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala, Sweden
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Hedman K, Sunnerud S, Carlén A, Janzon M, Nylander E. From guidelines to the sidelines: implementation of cardiovascular preparticipation evaluation in sports clubs is lagging. Br J Sports Med 2018; 53:3-4. [PMID: 29921655 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristofer Hedman
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sofia Sunnerud
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Carlén
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eva Nylander
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Alfredsson J, Swahn E, Gustafsson KM, Janzon M, Jonasson L, Logander E, Nilsson L, Lindahl TL. Individual long-term variation of platelet reactivity in patients with dual antiplatelet therapy after myocardial infarction. Platelets 2018; 30:572-578. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1479519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Alfredsson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eva Swahn
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kerstin M Gustafsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lena Jonasson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Logander
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lennart Nilsson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tomas L. Lindahl
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Janzon M, Henriksson M, Hasvold P, Hjelm H, Thuresson M, Jernberg T. Long-term resource use patterns and healthcare costs after myocardial infarction in a clinical practice setting: results from a contemporary nationwide registry study. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes 2018; 2:291-298. [PMID: 29474723 DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcw019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Aims Long-term contemporary nationwide data on resource use and healthcare costs after myocardial infarction (MI) in a clinical practice setting are not widely studied, and the aim of this study was to investigate resource use patterns and healthcare costs in patients with MI in a nationwide clinical practice setting. Methods and results This retrospective cohort study included all patients identified in the compulsory Swedish nationwide patient register with a diagnosis of MI between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2011. Cardiovascular hospitalization and outpatient visits data from the patient register were combined with data from the cause of death register and the drug utilization register. For a subset of patients, data were also available from a primary care register. Healthcare resource use patterns and annual costs [reported in 2014 euros (€) converted from Swedish kronor (SEK) using the exchange rate €1 = SEK 9.33)] were estimated for the year prior to the occurrence of MI as well as for a maximum follow-up period of 6 years post-MI. The study included 97 252 patients with a diagnosis of MI with a total number of 285 351 observation years. The majority of healthcare consumption occurred within the first year of MI where patients were on average hospitalized 1.55 times, made 1.08 outpatient care visits, and 3.80 primary care visits. In the long term, for the majority of resource use categories, average consumption was higher in the years after MI compared with the year prior to MI. Healthcare costs at 6 years of follow-up were approximately €20 000 of which €12 460 occurred in the first year, and the major part was attributed to hospitalizations. Conclusion For patients with 6 years of follow-up after MI, healthcare costs were approximately €20 000. The major part of costs occurred in the first year after MI and was driven by hospitalizations. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01984307.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Janzon
- Department of Cardiology, Linköping University, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Division of Health Care Analysis, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martin Henriksson
- Division of Health Care Analysis, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pål Hasvold
- AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Södertälje, Sweden
| | | | | | - Tomas Jernberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bagai A, Goodman SG, Cantor WJ, Vicaut E, Bolognese L, Cequier A, Chettibi M, Hammett CJ, Huber K, Janzon M, Lapostolle F, Lassen JF, Merkely B, Storey RF, Ten Berg JM, Zeymer U, Diallo A, Hamm CW, Tsatsaris A, El Khoury J, Van't Hof AW, Montalescot G. Duration of ischemia and treatment effects of pre- versus in-hospital ticagrelor in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: Insights from the ATLANTIC study. Am Heart J 2018; 196:56-64. [PMID: 29421015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among patients with STEMI in the ATLANTIC study, pre-hospital administration of ticagrelor improved post-PCI ST-segment resolution and 30-day stent thrombosis. We investigated whether this clinical benefit with pre-hospital ticagrelor differs by ischemic duration. METHODS In a post hoc analysis we compared absence of ST-segment resolution post-PCI and stent thrombosis at 30 days between randomized treatment groups (pre- versus in-hospital ticagrelor) stratified by symptom onset to first medical contact (FMC) duration [≤1 hour (n = 773), >1 to ≤3 hours (n = 772), and >3 hours (n = 311)], examining the interaction between randomized treatment strategy and duration of symptom onset to FMC for each outcome. RESULTS Patients presenting later after symptom onset were older, more likely to be female, and have higher baseline risk. Patients with symptom onset to FMC >3 hours had the greatest improvement in post-PCI ST-segment elevation resolution with pre- versus in-hospital ticagrelor (absolute risk difference: ≤1 hour, 2.9% vs. >1 to ≤3 hours, 3.6% vs. >3 hours, 12.2%; adjusted p for interaction = 0.13), while patients with shorter duration of ischemia had greater improvement in stent thrombosis at 30 days with pre- versus in-hospital ticagrelor (absolute risk difference: ≤1 hour, 1.3% vs. >1 hour to ≤3 hours, 0.7% vs. >3 hours, 0.4%; adjusted p for interaction = 0.55). Symptom onset to active ticagrelor administration was independently associated with stent thrombosis at 30 days (adjusted OR 1.89 per 100 minute delay, 95%CI 1.20-2.97, P < .01), but not post-PCI ST-segment resolution (P = .41). CONCLUSIONS The effect of pre-hospital ticagrelor to reduce stent thrombosis was most evident when given early within 3 hours after symptom onset, with delay in ticagrelor administration after symptom onset associated with higher rate of stent thrombosis. These findings re-emphasize the need for early ticagrelor administration in primary PCI treated STEMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Bagai
- Terrence Donnelly Heart Center, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaun G Goodman
- Terrence Donnelly Heart Center, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Heart Research Centre, Division of Cardiology, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Warren J Cantor
- Southlake Regional Health Centre, University of Toronto, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Vicaut
- ACTION Study Group, Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Lariboisière (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Leonardo Bolognese
- Cardiovascular and Neurological Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Arezzo, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Angel Cequier
- Heart Disease Institute, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Christopher J Hammett
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kurt Huber
- 3rd Department of Medicine, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, and Sigmund Freud Private University, Medical School, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Jens Flensted Lassen
- Department of Cardiology, The Hearth Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert F Storey
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jurriën M Ten Berg
- Department of Cardiology, St Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe Zeymer
- Klinikum Ludwigshafen and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Abdourahmane Diallo
- ACTION Study Group, Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Lariboisière (AP-HP), Paris, France; Unité de Recherche Clinique Lariboisière Saint-Louis Hôpital Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Gilles Montalescot
- Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (AP-HP), Paris, France
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Sunnerud S, Nylander E, Janzon M, Carlén A, Hedman K. [Not Available]. Lakartidningen 2018; 115:EWLM. [PMID: 29381184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Low adherence to recommended pre-participation cardiac evaluation of Swedish athletes Pre-participation cardiac evaluation of athletes is recommended by international organizations like the European Society of Cardiology and the American Heart Association, as well as by the Swedish Sports Confederation. The purpose of the evaluation is to prevent sudden cardiac death in athletes by early identification of individuals at risk. To our knowledge, no previous study has been made regarding the implementation of pre-participation cardiac evaluation of athletes in Sweden. We performed an electronical survey addressing sports clubs in one out of 21 districts in which the Swedish Sports Confederation is geographically divided. Only four out of 22 responding clubs with elite athletes preformed cardiac evaluation. Lack of knowledge about the recommendations as well as how to perform the evaluation were mentioned as reasons not to evaluate the athletes. Our results indicate the need for more information about pre-participation cardiac evaluation of athletes in Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sunnerud
- Universitetssjukhuset i Linkoping - Linkoping, Sweden - Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eva Nylander
- Universitetssjukhuset i Linkoping - Linkoping, Sweden Universitetssjukhuset i Linkoping - Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Janzon
- Universitetssjukhuset i Linkoping - Linkoping, Sweden Universitetssjukhuset i Linkoping - Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Anna Carlén
- Universitetssjukhuset i Linkoping - Linkoping, Sweden Universitetssjukhuset i Linkoping - Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Kristofer Hedman
- Universitetssjukhuset i Linkoping - Linkoping, Sweden Universitetssjukhuset i Linkoping - Linkoping, Sweden
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Varenhorst C, Hasvold P, Johansson S, Janzon M, Albertsson P, Leosdottir M, Hambraeus K, James S, Jernberg T, Svennblad B, Lagerqvist B. Culprit and Nonculprit Recurrent Ischemic Events in Patients With Myocardial Infarction: Data From SWEDEHEART (Swedish Web System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies). J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e007174. [PMID: 31913732 PMCID: PMC5778965 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Long‐term disease progression after myocardial infarction (MI) is inadequately understood. We evaluated the pattern and angiographic properties (culprit lesion [CL]/non‐CL [NCL]) of recurrent MI (re‐MI) in a large real‐world patient population. Methods and Results Our observational study used prospectively collected data in 108 615 patients with first‐occurrence MI enrolled in the SWEDEHEART (Swedish Web System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence‐Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies) between July 1, 2006 and November 29, 2014. During follow‐up (median, 3.2 years), recurrent hospitalization for MI occurred in 11 117 patients (10.2%). Of the patients who underwent coronary angiography for the index MI, a CL was identified in 44 332 patients. Of those patients, 3464 experienced an re‐MI; the infarct originated from the NCL in 1243 patients and from the CL in 655 patients. In total, 1566 re‐MIs were indeterminate events and could not be classified as NCL or CL re‐MIs. The risk of re‐MI within 8 years related to the NCL was 0.06 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05–0.06), compared with 0.03 (95% CI, 0.02–0.03) for the CL. There were no large differences in baseline characteristics of patients with subsequent NCL versus CL re‐MIs. Independent predictors of NCL versus CL re‐ MI were multivessel disease (odds ratio, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.87–2.82), male sex (odds ratio, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.09–1.71), and a prolonged time between the index and re‐MI (odds ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10–1.22). Conclusions In a large cohort of patients with first‐occurrence MI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, the risk of re‐MI originating from a previously untreated lesion was twice higher than the risk of lesions originating from a previously stented lesion. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT03099395.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Varenhorst
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pål Hasvold
- AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Södertälje, Sweden.,AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Margret Leosdottir
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Stefan James
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jernberg
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Solna Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Bo Lagerqvist
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Venetsanos D, Sederholm Lawesson S, Alfredsson J, Janzon M, Cequier A, Chettibi M, Goodman SG, Van't Hof AW, Montalescot G, Swahn E. Association between gender and short-term outcome in patients with ST elevation myocardial infraction participating in the international, prospective, randomised Administration of Ticagrelor in the catheterisation Laboratory or in the Ambulance for New ST elevation myocardial Infarction to open the Coronary artery (ATLANTIC) trial: a prespecified analysis. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e015241. [PMID: 28939567 PMCID: PMC5623480 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate gender differences in outcomes in patents with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) planned for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). SETTINGS A prespecified gender analysis of the multicentre, randomised, double-blind Administration of Ticagrelor in the catheterisation Laboratory or in the Ambulance for New ST elevation myocardial Infarction to open the Coronary artery. PARTICIPANTS Between September 2011 and October 2013, 1862 patients with STEMI and symptom duration <6 hours were included. INTERVENTIONS Patients were assigned to prehospital versus in-hospital administration of 180 mg ticagrelor. OUTCOMES The main objective was to study the association between gender and primary and secondary outcomes of the main study with a focus on the clinical efficacy and safety outcomes. PRIMARY OUTCOME the proportion of patients who did not have 70% resolution of ST-segment elevation and did not meet the criteria for Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow 3 at initial angiography. Secondary outcome: the composite of death, MI, stent thrombosis, stroke or urgent revascularisation and major or minor bleeding at 30 days. RESULTS Women were older, had higher TIMI risk score, longer prehospital delays and better TIMI flow in the infarct-related artery. Women had a threefold higher risk for all-cause mortality compared with men (5.7% vs 1.9%, HR 3.13, 95% CI 1.78 to 5.51). After adjustment, the difference was attenuated but remained statistically significant (HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.20). The incidence of major bleeding events was twofold to threefold higher in women compared with men. In the multivariable model, female gender was not an independent predictor of bleeding (Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes major HR 1.45, 95% CI 0.73 to 2.86, TIMI major HR 1.28, 95% CI 0.47 to 3.48, Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 3-5 HR 1.45, 95% CI 0.72 to 2.91). There was no interaction between gender and efficacy or safety of randomised treatment. CONCLUSION In patients with STEMI planned for PPCI and treated with modern antiplatelet therapy, female gender was an independent predictor of short-term mortality. In contrast, the higher incidence of bleeding complications in women could mainly be explained by older age and clustering of comorbidities. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01347580;Post-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Venetsanos
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sofia Sederholm Lawesson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Joakim Alfredsson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Angel Cequier
- Heart Disease Institute, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Shaun G Goodman
- Division of Cardiology, Canadian Heart Research Centre, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Gilles Montalescot
- UPMC Sorbonne Universités, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Eva Swahn
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Fabris E, van ’t Hof A, Hamm CW, Lapostolle F, Lassen JF, Goodman SG, ten Berg JM, Bolognese L, Cequier A, Chettibi M, Hammett CJ, Huber K, Janzon M, Merkely B, Storey RF, Zeymer U, Cantor WJ, Tsatsaris A, Kerneis M, Diallo A, Vicaut E, Montalescot G. Clinical impact and predictors of complete ST segment resolution after primary percutaneous coronary intervention: A subanalysis of the ATLANTIC Trial. European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care 2017; 8:208-217. [DOI: 10.1177/2048872617727722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: In the ATLANTIC (Administration of Ticagrelor in the catheterization laboratory or in the Ambulance for New ST elevation myocardial Infarction to open the Coronary artery) trial the early use of aspirin, anticoagulation, and ticagrelor coupled with very short medical contact-to-balloon times represent good indicators of optimal treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction and an ideal setting to explore which factors may influence coronary reperfusion beyond a well-established pre-hospital system. Methods: This study sought to evaluate predictors of complete ST-segment resolution after percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients enrolled in the ATLANTIC trial. ST-segment analysis was performed on electrocardiograms recorded at the time of inclusion (pre-hospital electrocardiogram), and one hour after percutaneous coronary intervention (post-percutaneous coronary intervention electrocardiogram) by an independent core laboratory. Complete ST-segment resolution was defined as ≥70% ST-segment resolution. Results: Complete ST-segment resolution occurred post-percutaneous coronary intervention in 54.9% ( n=800/1456) of patients and predicted lower 30-day composite major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (odds ratio 0.35, 95% confidence interval 0.19–0.65; p<0.01), definite stent thrombosis (odds ratio 0.18, 95% confidence interval 0.02–0.88; p=0.03), and total mortality (odds ratio 0.43, 95% confidence interval 0.19–0.97; p=0.04). In multivariate analysis, independent negative predictors of complete ST-segment resolution were the time from symptoms to pre-hospital electrocardiogram (odds ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.85–0.98; p<0.01) and diabetes mellitus (odds ratio 0.6, 95% confidence interval 0.44–0.83; p<0.01); pre-hospital ticagrelor treatment showed a favorable trend for complete ST-segment resolution (odds ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 0.99–1.51; p=0.06). Conclusions: This study confirmed that post-percutaneous coronary intervention complete ST-segment resolution is a valid surrogate marker for cardiovascular clinical outcomes. In the current era of ST-elevation myocardial infarction reperfusion, patients’ delay and diabetes mellitus are independent predictors of poor reperfusion and need specific attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Fabris
- Cardiology Department, Isala Heart Center, the Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Department, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Arnoud van ’t Hof
- Cardiology Department, Isala Heart Center, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Hospital, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jens F Lassen
- Department of Cardiology B, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Shaun G Goodman
- Canadian Heart Research Centre, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jurriën M ten Berg
- Department of Cardiology, St Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Leonardo Bolognese
- Cardiovascular and Neurological Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Arezzo, Italy
| | - Angel Cequier
- Heart Disease Institute, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Kurt Huber
- Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminen Hospital, Austria
- Sigmund Freud Private University, Austria
| | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of Cardiology, Linköping University, Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Hungary
| | - Robert F Storey
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Uwe Zeymer
- Klinikum Ludwigshafen and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung, Germany
| | - Warren J Cantor
- Southlake Regional Health Centre, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Eric Vicaut
- ACTION Study Group, Hospital Lariboisiere, France
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Karlsson L, Nilsson S, Charitakis E, Nilsson L, Janzon M. P3602Clinical decision support for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (CDS-AF): a cluster randomized trial in the primary care setting. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx504.p3602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Johannesen K, Janzon M, Jernberg T, Henriksson M. P3701Health implications of regional differences in the implementation of new treatments for myocardial infarction: the case of ticagrelor in Sweden. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx504.p3701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Sigvant B, Jernberg T, Hasvold L, Thuresson M, Johansson S, Nordanstig J, Janzon M. 2260Different cardiovascular outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction and peripheral arterial disease - Swedish nationwide data. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Karlsson LO, Nilsson S, Charitakis E, Bång M, Johansson G, Nilsson L, Janzon M. Clinical decision support for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (CDS-AF): Rationale and design of a cluster randomized trial in the primary care setting. Am Heart J 2017; 187:45-52. [PMID: 28454807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with substantial morbidity, in particular stroke. Despite good evidence for the reduction of stroke risk with anticoagulant therapy, there remains a significant undertreatment. The main aim of the current study is to investigate whether a clinical decision support tool for stroke prevention (CDS) integrated in the electronic health record can improve adherence to guidelines for stroke prevention in patients with AF. METHODS We will conduct a cluster randomized trial where 43 primary care clinics in the county of Östergötland, Sweden (population 444,347), will be randomized to be part of the CDS intervention or serve as controls. The CDS will alert responsible physicians of patients with AF and increased risk for thromboembolism according to the CHA2DS2VASc (Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥ 74 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke/TIA/thromboembolism, Vascular disease, Age 65-74 years, Sex category (i.e. female sex)) algorithm without anticoagulant therapy. The primary end point will be adherence to guidelines after 1 year. CONCLUSION The present study will investigate whether a clinical decision support system integrated in an electronic health record can increase adherence to guidelines regarding anticoagulant therapy in patients with AF.
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Fabris E, van’t Hof A, Hamm C, Lapostolle F, Lassen J, Goodman S, ten Berg J, Bolognese L, Cequier A, Chettibi M, Hammett C, Huber K, Janzon M, Merkely B, Storey R, Zeymer U, Cantor W, Rousseau H, Vicaut E, Montalescot G. Impact of presentation and transfer delays on complete ST-segment resolution before primary percutaneous coronary intervention: insights from the ATLANTIC trial. EUROINTERVENTION 2017; 13:69-77. [DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-16-00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wallentin L, Lindhagen L, Ärnström E, Husted S, Janzon M, Johnsen SP, Kontny F, Kempf T, Levin LÅ, Lindahl B, Stridsberg M, Ståhle E, Venge P, Wollert KC, Swahn E, Lagerqvist B. Early invasive versus non-invasive treatment in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (FRISC-II): 15 year follow-up of a prospective, randomised, multicentre study. Lancet 2016; 388:1903-1911. [PMID: 27585757 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The FRISC-II trial was the first randomised trial to show a reduction in death or myocardial infarction with an early invasive versus a non-invasive treatment strategy in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. Here we provide a remaining lifetime perspective on the effects on all cardiovascular events during 15 years' follow-up. METHODS The FRISC-II prospective, randomised, multicentre trial was done at 58 Scandinavian centres in Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. Between June 17, 1996, and Aug 28, 1998, we randomly assigned (1:1) 2457 patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome to an early invasive treatment strategy, aiming for revascularisation within 7 days, or a non-invasive strategy, with invasive procedures at recurrent symptoms or severe exercise-induced ischaemia. Plasma for biomarker analyses was obtained at randomisation. For long-term outcomes, we linked data with national health-care registers. The primary endpoint was a composite of death or myocardial infarction. Outcomes were compared as the average postponement of the next event, including recurrent events, calculated as the area between mean cumulative count-of-events curves. Analyses were done by intention to treat. FINDINGS At a minimum of 15 years' follow-up on Dec 31, 2014, data for survival status and death were available for 2421 (99%) of the initially recruited 2457 patients, and for other events after 2 years for 2182 (89%) patients. During follow-up, the invasive strategy postponed death or next myocardial infarction by a mean of 549 days (95% CI 204-888; p=0·0020) compared with the non-invasive strategy. This effect was larger in non-smokers (mean gain 809 days, 95% CI 402-1175; pinteraction=0·0182), patients with elevated troponin T (778 days, 357-1165; pinteraction=0·0241), and patients with high concentrations of growth differentiation factor-15 (1356 days, 507-1650; pinteraction=0·0210). The difference was mainly driven by postponement of new myocardial infarction, whereas the early difference in mortality alone was not sustained over time. The invasive strategy led to a mean of 1128 days (95% CI 830-1366) postponement of death or next readmission to hospital for ischaemic heart disease, which was consistent in all subgroups (p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION During 15 years of follow-up, an early invasive treatment strategy postponed the occurrence of death or next myocardial infarction by an average of 18 months, and the next readmission to hospital for ischaemic heart disease by 37 months, compared with a non-invasive strategy in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. This remaining lifetime perspective supports that an early invasive treatment strategy should be the preferred option in most patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. FUNDING Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, and Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Wallentin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lars Lindhagen
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Ärnström
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Steen Husted
- Medical Department, Hospital Unit West, Herning/Holstebro, Denmark
| | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Division of Health Care Analysis, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Center for Medical Technology Assessment, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Søren Paaske Johnsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frederic Kontny
- Stavanger University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Stavanger, Norway; Drammen Heart Center, Drammen, Norway
| | - Tibor Kempf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lars-Åke Levin
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Division of Health Care Analysis, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Center for Medical Technology Assessment, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bertil Lindahl
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Stridsberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Ståhle
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Thoracic Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Venge
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kai C Wollert
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva Swahn
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bo Lagerqvist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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De Geer J, Sandstedt M, Björkholm A, Alfredsson J, Janzon M, Engvall J, Persson A. Software-based on-site estimation of fractional flow reserve using standard coronary CT angiography data. Acta Radiol 2016; 57:1186-92. [PMID: 26691914 DOI: 10.1177/0284185115622075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significance of a coronary stenosis can be determined by measuring the fractional flow reserve (FFR) during invasive coronary angiography. Recently, methods have been developed which claim to be able to estimate FFR using image data from standard coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) exams. PURPOSE To evaluate the accuracy of non-invasively computed fractional flow reserve (cFFR) from CCTA. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 23 vessels in 21 patients who had undergone both CCTA and invasive angiography with FFR measurement were evaluated using a cFFR software prototype. The cFFR results were compared to the invasively obtained FFR values. Correlation was calculated using Spearman's rank correlation, and agreement using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value for significant stenosis (defined as both FFR ≤0.80 and FFR ≤0.75) were calculated. RESULTS The mean cFFR value for the whole group was 0.81 and the corresponding mean invFFR value was 0.84. The cFFR sensitivity for significant stenosis (FFR ≤0.80/0.75) on a per-lesion basis was 0.83/0.80, specificity was 0.76/0.89, and accuracy 0.78/0.87. The positive predictive value was 0.56/0.67 and the negative predictive value was 0.93/0.94. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was ρ = 0.77 (P < 0.001) and ICC = 0.73 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This particular CCTA-based cFFR software prototype allows for a rapid, non-invasive on-site evaluation of cFFR. The results are encouraging and cFFR may in the future be of help in the triage to invasive coronary angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob De Geer
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mårten Sandstedt
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Joakim Alfredsson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Engvall
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Persson
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Rapsomaniki E, Thuresson M, Yang E, Blin P, Hunt P, Chung SC, Stogiannis D, Pujades-Rodriguez M, Timmis A, Denaxas SC, Danchin N, Stokes M, Thomas-Delecourt F, Emmas C, Hasvold P, Jennings E, Johansson S, Cohen DJ, Jernberg T, Moore N, Janzon M, Hemingway H. Using big data from health records from four countries to evaluate chronic disease outcomes: a study in 114 364 survivors of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes 2016; 2:172-183. [PMID: 29474617 PMCID: PMC5815620 DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcw004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the international validity of using hospital record data to compare long-term outcomes in heart attack survivors. METHODS AND RESULTS We used samples of national, ongoing, unselected record sources to assess three outcomes: cause death; a composite of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and all-cause death; and hospitalized bleeding. Patients aged 65 years and older entered the study 1 year following the most recent discharge for acute MI in 2002-11 [n = 54 841 (Sweden), 53 909 (USA), 4653 (England), and 961 (France)]. Across each of the four countries, we found consistent associations with 12 baseline prognostic factors and each of the three outcomes. In each country, we observed high 3-year crude cumulative risks of all-cause death (from 19.6% [England] to 30.2% [USA]); the composite of MI, stroke, or death [from 26.0% (France) to 36.2% (USA)]; and hospitalized bleeding [from 3.1% (France) to 5.3% (USA)]. After adjustments for baseline risk factors, risks were similar across all countries [relative risks (RRs) compared with Sweden not statistically significant], but higher in the USA for all-cause death [RR USA vs. Sweden, 1.14 (95% confidence interval 1.04-1.26)] and hospitalized bleeding [RR USA vs. Sweden, 1.54 (1.21-1.96)]. CONCLUSION The validity of using hospital record data is supported by the consistency of estimates across four countries of a high adjusted risk of death, further MI, and stroke in the chronic phase after MI. The possibility that adjusted risks of mortality and bleeding are higher in the USA warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Rapsomaniki
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Erru Yang
- Retrospective Observational Studies, Evidera, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Blin
- Department of Pharmacology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401 INSERM, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Phillip Hunt
- Retrospective Observational Studies, Evidera, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Sheng-Chia Chung
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dimitris Stogiannis
- Department of Mathematics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mar Pujades-Rodriguez
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adam Timmis
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Spiros C. Denaxas
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Michael Stokes
- Retrospective Observational Studies, Evidera, Lexington, MA, USA
| | | | - Cathy Emmas
- Real World Evidence, AstraZeneca Luton, Luton, UK
| | - Pål Hasvold
- Medical Department, AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Oslo, Norway
| | - Em Jennings
- Global Payer Evidence and Pricing, AstraZeneca R&D, Cambridge, UK
| | - Saga Johansson
- Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - David J. Cohen
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Tomas Jernberg
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas Moore
- Department of Pharmacology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401 INSERM, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Harry Hemingway
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, University College London, London, UK
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Montalescot G, van ’t Hof AW, Bolognese L, Cantor WJ, Cequier A, Chettibi M, Collet JP, Goodman SG, Hammett CJ, Huber K, Janzon M, Lapostolle F, Lassen JF, Licour M, Merkely B, Salhi N, Silvain J, Storey RF, ten Berg JM, Tsatsaris A, Zeymer U, Vicaut E, Hamm CW, Bougherbal R, Bouafia MT, Chettibi M, Nibouche D, Moklati A, Benalia A, Kaid O, Krim M, Hammett C, Garrahy P, Jayasinghe R, Rashford S, Huber K, Neunteufl T, Brussee H, Alber H, Weidinger F, Brunner M, Sipoetz J, Prause G, Baubin M, Sebald D, Cantor W, Vijayaraghavan R, Bata I, Lavoie A, Lassen JF, Ravkilde J, Jensen LO, Christensen AM, Toftegaard M, Köhler D, Montalescot G, Ducrocq G, Danchin N, Henry P, Livarek B, Berthier R, Hovasse T, Garot P, Payot L, Benamer H, Esteve JB, Elhadad S, Teiger E, Bonnet JL, Paganelli F, Cottin Y, Schiele F, Thuaire C, Cayla G, Coste P, Ohlmann P, Cudraz EB, Lantelme P, Perret T, Tron C, De Labriolle A, Aptecar E, Beliard O, Varenne O, El Mahmoud R, Filippi-Codaccioni E, Angoulvant D, Peycher P, Poitrineau O, Tabone X, Ecollan P, Broche C, Lambert Y, Briole N, Beruben A, Porcher N, Auffray JP, Freysz M, Depardieu F, Poubel D, De La Cousaye JE, Bartier JC, Jardel B, Boulanger B, Labourel H, Soulat LC, Lapostolle F, Julie V, Thicoipe M, Capel O, Stibbe O, Carli P, Tazarourte K, Alcouffe F, Aboucaya D, Aubert G, Kierzek G, Cahun-Giraud S, Zeymer U, Hamm C, Dengler T, Prondzinsky R, Biever PM, Schäfer A, Seyfarth M, Lemke B, Werner G, Nef H, Steiger H, Leschke M, Münzel T, Dell Orto MC, Loges C, Schinke M, Koberne F, Reiffen HP, Tiroch K, Wierich D, Kneussel M, Little S, Sauer H, Laufenberg-Feldmann R, Merkely B, Ungi I, Horváth I, Édes I, Mártai I, Bolognese L, Berti S, Chiarella F, Calabria P, Fineschi M, Galvani M, Valgimigli M, Moretti L, Tespili M, Mandó M, Bermano F, Biagioni R, Fabbri A, Ricciardelli A, Petroni MR, Vatteroni UR, Palumbo F, Willems FF, Al Mafragi A, Heestermans TA, Van Eck MJ, Heutz WM, Meppelder H, Jong ARD, Van de Pas H, Fillat ÁC, Tenas MS, Ferrer JM, Peñaranda AS, Ferrer JÁ, Del Blanco BG, Guardiola FM, Ruiz Nodar JM, Romo AÍ, González NV, Nouche RT, De La Llera LD, Hernández García JM, Rivero-Crespo F, Hernández FH, Zamorano Gómez JL, Fárega XJ, Fernández GA, Toboso JL, Carrasco M, Barreiro V, Iglesias Vázquez JA, Montero MDMR, Ortiz FR, Escudero GG, Ingelmo VSB, García AL, Janzon M, Oldgren J, Calais F, Kastberg R, Bergsten PA, Blomberg H, Thörn K, Skoog G, Storey RF, Zaman A, Gerber R, Ryding A, Spence M, Swanson N, Been M, Grosser K, Schofield P, Mackin D, Fell P, Quinn T, Foster T, McManus D, Carson A. Effect of Pre-Hospital Ticagrelor During the First 24 h After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016; 9:646-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Alfredsson J, Lindahl TL, Gustafsson KM, Janzon M, Jonasson L, Logander E, Nilsson L, Swahn E. Large early variation of residual platelet reactivity in Acute Coronary Syndrome patients treated with clopidogrel. Thromb Res 2015; 136:335-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jernberg T, Janzon M. [The truth about the clinical reality is in the registries. A register-based randomized clinical trial could provide representative picture]. Lakartidningen 2015; 112:DLFX. [PMID: 26173138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A randomized, controlled clinical trial (RCT) is the best way to compare two treatment options since it eliminates the problem with confounding. However, todays' RCTs are often limited by including selected patients by the use of narrow inclusion criteria and multiple exclusion criteria. In a recent study of myocardial infarction survivors, the median age was 10 years older and the long term risk was 2-3 times higher in »real-world« data from a national registry compared with results from recently performed RCTs. These results raise questions about the generalizability of many RCTs. Our registries should therefore be used more often to evaluate new treatments. Registry-based randomized, controlled clinical trial (R-RCT) is a new concept that may not only lower the costs of randomized studies but also increase the generalizability of the trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Jernberg
- - Hjärtkliniken Stockholm, Sweden - Hjärtkliniken Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Janzon
- Universitetssjukhuset i Linköping - Kardiologiska kliniken Linköping, Sweden Universitetssjukhuset i Linköping - Kardiologiska kliniken Linköping, Sweden
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Eckard N, Janzon M, Levin LÅ. Including Both Costs and Effects--The Challenge of Using Cost-Effectiveness Data in National-Level Policy-Making: A Response to Recent Commentaries. Int J Health Policy Manag 2015; 4:565-6. [PMID: 26340402 DOI: 10.15171/ijhpm.2015.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Eckard
- Division of Health Care Analysis, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lars-Åke Levin
- Division of Health Care Analysis, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Alfredsson J, Lindahl T, Gustafsson KM, Janzon M, Jonasson L, Logander E, Nilsson L, Swahn E. LONG TERM VARIATION OF HIGH ON TREATMENT PLATELET REACTIVITY AFTER AN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(15)60239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Janzon M, Hasvold LP, Thuresson M, Hjelm H, Jernberg T. MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION SURVIVORS WITH DIABETES HAVE A SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASED EVENT RATE: IMPACT OF PEGASUS-TIMI 54 TRIAL RISK FACTORS IN A NATIONWIDE REAL LIFE SETTING IN SWEDEN. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(15)61598-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jernberg T, Hasvold P, Henriksson M, Hjelm H, Thuresson M, Janzon M. Cardiovascular risk in post-myocardial infarction patients: nationwide real world data demonstrate the importance of a long-term perspective. Eur Heart J 2015; 36:1163-70. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Walfridsson H, Walfridsson U, Nielsen JC, Johannessen A, Raatikainen P, Janzon M, Levin LA, Aronsson M, Hindricks G, Kongstad O, Pehrson S, Englund A, Hartikainen J, Mortensen LS, Hansen PS. Radiofrequency ablation as initial therapy in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: results on health-related quality of life and symptom burden. The MANTRA-PAF trial. Europace 2015; 17:215-21. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euu342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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