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Habib SS, Najmi R, Iqbal MA, Sabir M, Zaidi S. The need for taxation to reduce tobacco affordability in Pakistan. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2023; 27:706-708. [PMID: 37608485 PMCID: PMC10443786 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.23.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S S Habib
- Department of Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University, National Stadium Road, Karachi
| | - R Najmi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University, National Stadium Road, Karachi
| | - M A Iqbal
- Social Policy & Development Center, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M Sabir
- Social Policy & Development Center, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Zaidi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University, National Stadium Road, Karachi
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Khan W, Ahmad U, Ali M, Masood Z, Sarwar S, Sabir M, Rafiq N, Kabir M, Al-Misned FA, Ahmed D, De Los Ríos Escalante P, El-Serehy HA. The 21st century disaster: The COVID-19 epidemiology, risk factors and control. J King Saud Univ Sci 2023; 35:102603. [PMID: 36844755 PMCID: PMC9940481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2023.102603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The 21st century will be indelible in the world as ruin of the outbreak of COVID-19 was arose in Wuhan, China has now spread all over the world, up to August 2020. This study was based on the factors affecting the epidemiology of this virus in human societies of global concern. We studied the articles published in journals on various aspects of nCoVID19. The Wikipedia and WHO situation reports have also been searched out for related information. Outcomes were followed up until 2020. The COVID-19 is a virus with pandemic potential which may continue to cause regular infection in human. The pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 threatened public health across the globe in form of system as reflected in the shape of emergency. Approximately 21 million humans are infected and 759,400 have lost their lives till 2020 in all over the world. We have described epidemiological features, reservoirs, transmission, incubation period, rate of fatality, management including recent clinical chemotherapeutic approach and preventive measurements and masses which are at risk of COVID19. This virus causes viral pneumonia when it attacks on respiratory system and multiple failure which can leads to life threatening complications. It is believed to be zoonotic importance although it is not clear from which animal and how it is transmitted. Zoonotic transmission of COVID-19 has not yet known by science. The current study will help to establish a baseline for early effective control of this rapidly spreading severe viral illness. The available data on COVID-19 indicates that older males with comorbidities would have been more infected, which can result in severe respiratory complications. Implementation of preventive measurements, investigation of proper chemotherapeutics and detection of cross species transmission agents must be ensured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wali Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chkdara, Lowetr Dir, Pakistan
| | - Umair Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chkdara, Lowetr Dir, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Zoology, University of Baltistan Skardu, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - Zubia Masood
- Department of Zoology, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Sarwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Islamabad Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maimoona Sabir
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Nasim Rafiq
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kabir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Thal University Bhakkar (University of Sargodha, Ex Sub-campus Bhakkar), Bhakkar-30000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Fahad A Al-Misned
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dawood Ahmed
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Technology, The University of Haripur K.P.K, Pakistan
| | - Prios De Los Ríos Escalante
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Temuco, Chile
- Núcleo de Estudios Ambientales UC Temuco, Casilla, Temuco, Chile
| | - Hamed A El-Serehy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Nisa S, Bibi Y, Masood S, Ali A, Alam S, Sabir M, Qayyum A, Ahmed W, Alharthi S, Santali EY, Alharthy SA, Bawazir WM, Almashjary MN. Isolation, Characterization and Anticancer Activity of Two Bioactive Compounds from Arisaema flavum (Forssk.) Schott. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227932. [PMID: 36432033 PMCID: PMC9697112 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants play important role in the public health sector worldwide. Natural products from medicinal plants are sources of unlimited opportunities for new drug leads because of their unique chemical diversity. Researchers have focused on exploring herbal products as potential sources for the treatment of cancer, cardiac and infectious diseases. Arisaema flavum (Forssk.) is an important medicinal plant found in the northwest Himalayan regions of Pakistan. It is a poisonous plant and is used as a remedy against snake bites and scorpion stings. In this study, two bioactive compounds were isolated from Arisaema flavum (Forssk.) and their anticancer activity was evaluated against human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 using an MTT assay. The crude extract of Arisaema flavum (Forssk.) was subjected to fractionation using different organic solvents in increasing order of polarity. The fraction indicating maximum activity was then taken for isolation of bioactive compounds using various chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques such as column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Crude extract of Arisaema flavum (Forssk.), as well as various fractions extracted in different solvents such as n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate, were tested against human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 using an MTT assay. The crude extract exhibited significant dose-dependent anticancer activity with a maximum activity of 78.6% at 500 µg/mL concentration. Two compounds, hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester with molecular formula C18H36O7 and molar mass 284 and 5-Oxo-19 propyl-docosanoic acid methyl ester with molecular formula C26H50O3 and molecular mass 410, were isolated from chloroform fraction. These compounds were tested against the MCF-7cell line for cytotoxic activity and exhibited a significant (p < 0.00l) decrease in cell numbers for MCF-7 cells with IC50 of 25 µM after 48 h of treatment. Results indicated that Arisaema flavum (Forssk.) possesses compounds with cytotoxic activity that can further be exploited to develop anticancer formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Nisa
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (A.A.)
| | - Yamin Bibi
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Masood
- Department of Statistics & Mathematics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Ashraf Ali
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (A.A.)
| | - Sadia Alam
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Maimoona Sabir
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Sarah Alharthi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Advanced Research in Science and Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Y. Santali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif A. Alharthy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Toxicology and Forensic Sciences Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed M. Bawazir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed N. Almashjary
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Animal House Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Zafar M, Alam S, Sabir M, Saba N, Din AU, Ahmad R, Khan MR, Muhammad A, Dayisoylu KS. Isolation, characterization, bacteriocin production and biological potential of Bifidobacteria of ruminants. Anal Biochem 2022; 658:114926. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sarwar S, Mulla M, Mulla M, Tanveer R, Sabir M, Sultan A, Malik SA. Human papillomavirus, tobacco, and poor oral hygiene can act synergetically, modulate the expression of the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway for the development and progression of head and neck cancer in the Pakistani population. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:1829-1836. [PMID: 35838554 PMCID: PMC9521783 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors that progress owing to varied enviromental and genetic risk factors. Viral infections are threatening and adept at altering the expression of cellular transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and deregulation of other cellular proteins like NF kappa B inhibitor alpha (IκBα). The present study was conducted to detect high-risk genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) and protein expression of NF-κB signaling pathway in HNC patients with HPV infection. METHODS For HPV detection, genomic DNA from 152 HNC tumors was extracted formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue DNA kit. For genotyping, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a general primer, HPV type-specific primers and agarose gel electrophoresis were performed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was also performed on 4-μm thick tissue sections using HPV E6 monoclonal antibody. Protein expression analysis of NF-κB signaling pathway including p50, p65, and IκBα was performed using IHC. RESULTS PCR analysis showed that 24.3% (37/152) of HNC cases were HPV positive. Among HPV positive, 86.5% (32/37) were tobacco users, while among HPV negative, 66.9% (77/115) were tobacco users. A significant association of HPV positivity and tobacco user was observed by univariate analysis [ P < 0.01; odds ratio (OR): 0.310, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.110 to 0.870]. More HPV positive patients were with poor oral hygiene (78.3%) when compared with patients with good oral hygiene (21.6%) [ P < 0.03, OR: 2.440, 95% CI: 1.650 to 3.600]. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that age, tobacco use and oral hygiene are significant predictors ( P < 0.02). PCR and IHC staining results confirmed that HPV16 was predominant among HNC cases (64.8%) when compared with HPV18 (35.2%). Expression of NF-κB proteins (p50, p65, and IκBα inhibitor) were also observed in HPV and non-HPV infected HNC tissues. IHC expression of p50, and p65 showed nuclear staining, while IκBα inhibitor showed cytoplasmic staining. Protein expression in HPV cases was higher as compared to HPV naive cases ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS From the study, it can be established that the use of tobacco, oral hygiene, and HPV infection may be synergistically involved in modulating the expression of NF-κB signaling pathway for the development and progression of HNC in the Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Sarwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Qauid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mushir Mulla
- Department of Oral and Dental health, College of Applied Health Sciences in Arrass, Qassim University, Buraidah, Al Qasim 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munaz Mulla
- Department of Periodontology and Oral medicine, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah, Al Qasim 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rida Tanveer
- Department of Biochemistry, Qauid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Maimoona Sabir
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, KP 22620, Pakistan
| | - Aneesa Sultan
- Department of Biochemistry, Qauid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Salman A. Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, Qauid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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Chaara A, Sabir M, El Omari F. Quetiapine Addiction: A Case Report. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9568151 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Quetiapine has been the subject of case reports documenting its abuse. In Morocco, no study has been done showing the prevalence of this misuse. The methods of administration are diverse: oral or nasal, injection, inhalation, consumption with cannabis (smoked) or alcohol, combination with other drugs. The abuse is associated in 75% of cases with another product. Objectives The objective of this work is to describe the management of quetiapine dependence, through a clinical vignette. Methods Through a clinical vignette, and by reviewing the literature, we will describe the management of quetiapine addiction. Results Treatment consists of reducing the consumption of this substance until stopping. When possible, it is recommended to change this antipsychotic to another with low abuse potential and low antihistamine properties such as haloperidol, risperidone or aripiprazole. If, however, this solution was inapplicable, then limit the quantity of tablets by prescribing smaller amounts of antipsychotics and increase the frequency of visits. Cope and relieve: Sometimes other medicines can be used to relieve potential withdrawal symptoms, including benzodiazepines or hypnotics to manage insomnia. Warnings : Ideally, the drug should be reduced gradually with a gradual and planned decrease in the dose taken over the months. There should also be periodic evaluations. Long term treatment: Management must be biopsychosocial. Treating comorbidities is a fundamental step in preventing relapse. Conclusions It is a “prescription” use disorder! Each prescription should be carefully weighed and time bound. It seems important to be vigilant with regard to the dosages administered and the treatment regimens offered to the patients. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Naz S, Alam S, Ahmed W, Masaud Khan S, Qayyum A, Sabir M, Naz A, Iqbal A, Bibi Y, Nisa S, Salah Khalifa A, Gharib AF, El Askary A. Therapeutic Potential of Selected Medicinal Plant Extracts against Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:941-954. [PMID: 35197762 PMCID: PMC8847975 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is Gram negative, rod shaped, facultative anaerobic bacterium, belongs to enterobacteriaceae family that causes typhoid fever in humans. This bacterium has become a super bug due to acquisition of multi drug resistance. Bacteria is transmitted through food and water contaminated with human feaces. Present study reports the screening of Adhatoda vasica, Amaranthus hybridus and Aloe barbadensis and their evaluation against multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Qualitative analysis of ten phytochemicals was conducted using chemical method and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). Antibacterial activity of plants was carried out by agar well diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar. Total tannins, total alkaloids and total flavonoids of different parts of three plants were estimated through spectrophotometer. Total tannins content in different parts of plants was present in the given order Amaranthus hybridus leaf > Aloe barbadensis leaf > Adhatoda vasica leaf > Adhatoda vasica flower > Adhatoda vasica stem. Whereas, the order of total flavonoid concentration was Amaranthus hybridus leaf > Aloe barbadensis leaf > Adhatoda vasica leaf > Amaranthus hybridus seed. Total alkaloids have order, Adhatoda vasica leaf > Amaranthus hybridus leaf > Adhatoda vasica flower > Amaranthus hybridus seed > Aloe barbadensis leaf. Results of phytochemical analysis suggested that plants have strong profile of antioxidants, total phenolic contents and various enzymes proposing them best alternate to cure bacterial infections. GC-MS analysis further confirmed stronger phytochemical profile that can be utilized as antagonists to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Naz
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Alam
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Waseem Ahmed
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Shah Masaud Khan
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Maimoona Sabir
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Alia Naz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Asia Iqbal
- Department of Wildlife & Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yamin Bibi
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Nisa
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Amany Salah Khalifa
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal F. Gharib
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad El Askary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Nisa S, Shoukat M, Bibi Y, Al Ayoubi S, Shah W, Masood S, Sabir M, Asma Bano S, Qayyum A. Therapeutic prospects of endophytic Bacillus species from Berberis lycium against oxidative stress and microbial pathogens. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:287-295. [PMID: 35002421 PMCID: PMC8716895 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytes are microorganisms residing within plant tissues. Bacterial endophytes are important sources for production of pharmaceutically important metabolites. Berberis lycium is an important medicinal plant and there exist no report regarding isolation and determination of bioactive potential of its bacterial endophytes. Therefore the present study was aimed to isolate and identify bacterial endophytes from Berberis lycium. The study resulted in isolation of 20 strains of bacterial endophytes. Based on their antibacterial activity three strains were identified as Bacillus cereus (LBL6), Bacillus thuringiensis (SBL3) and Bacillus anthracis (SBL4) on basis of 16SrRNA gene using universal primers. Crude ethyl acetate extracts of LBL6, SBL3 and SBL4 were further evaluated for antioxidant and antifungal activities. Moderate antioxidant activity (56 %) at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL was observed for LBL6 followed by 45 and 43 % activity by SBL4 and SBL3 respectively. Significant antifungal activity was observed against Aspergillus niger (60 %) and Aspergillus flavus (56 %) at concentration of 4 mg/mL of SBL3 and SBL4 respectively. GCMS analysis of extract (LBL6) exhibited presence of 12 bioactive secondary metabolites corresponding to antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, antitumor and anticancer activities. In conclusion, present study highlighted the importance of Berberis lycium to host diverse bacterial endophytes of pharmaceutical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Nisa
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620 Pakistan
| | - Mubarra Shoukat
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620 Pakistan
| | - Yamin Bibi
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300 Pakistan
| | - Samha Al Ayoubi
- Department of General Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Rafha Street, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Waqas Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Masood
- Department of Statistics & Mathematics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300 Pakistan
| | - Maimoona Sabir
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620 Pakistan
| | - Syeda Asma Bano
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620 Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620 Pakistan
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Sardar M, Ahmed W, Al Ayoubi S, Nisa S, Bibi Y, Sabir M, Khan MM, Ahmed W, Qayyum A. Fungicidal synergistic effect of biogenically synthesized zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles against Alternaria citri causing citrus black rot disease. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:88-95. [PMID: 35002397 PMCID: PMC8716905 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus black rot disease being caused by Alternaria citri is a major disease of citrus plants with 30–35% economic loss annually. Fungicides had not been effective in the control of this disease during last few decades. In the present study, antifungal role of green synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) were studied against Alternaria citri. Alternaria citri was isolated from disease fruits samples and was identified by staining with lacto phenol cotton blue. Furthermore, CuO and ZnO NPs were synthesized by utilizing the lemon peels extract as the reducing and capping agent. Nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. From the XRD data, the calculated size of CuO NPs was to be 18 nm and ZnO NPs was16.8 nm using Scherrer equation. The SEM analyses revealed the surface morphology of all the metal oxide NPs synthesized were rounded, elongated and or spherical in the shape. The zone of inhibition was observed to be 50 ± 0.5 mm by CuO NPs, followed by 51.5 ± 0.5 mm by ZnO NPs and maximum zone of antifungal inhibition was observed to be 53 ± 0.6 mm by mix metal oxide NPs. The results of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the synthesized nanoparticles showed that at the certain concentrations (80 mg ml−1), these NPs were capable of inhibiting the fungal growth, whereas above that specified concentrations (100 mg ml−1), NPs completely inhibited the fungal growth. Based on these findings, the green synthesized NPs can be used as alternative to fungicide in order to control the citrus black rot disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momina Sardar
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Samha Al Ayoubi
- Department of General Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Rafha Street, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sobia Nisa
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Yamin Bibi
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Maimoona Sabir
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | | | - Waseem Ahmed
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
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Mujaddidi N, Nisa S, Al Ayoubi S, Bibi Y, Khan S, Sabir M, Zia M, Ahmad S, Qayyum A. Pharmacological properties of biogenically synthesized silver nanoparticles using endophyte Bacillus cereus extract of Berberis lyceum against oxidative stress and pathogenic multidrug-resistant bacteria. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6432-6440. [PMID: 34764760 PMCID: PMC8568839 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistance in pathogenic bacteria limits the utilization of available antibiotics. The development of alternate options to treat infectious diseases is the need of the day.The present study was aimed to synthesize, characterize and evaluate the bioactive properties of silver nanoparticles. Endophytic bacterium Bacillus cereus (MT193718) isolated from Berberis lycium was used to synthesize biocompatible silver nanoparticles. Antibacterial properties of AgNPs were evaluated against clinically isolated multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. AgNPs indicated significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae fwith a zone of inhibition of 17 and 18 mm at a concentration of 1000 µg/ mL with minimum inhibitory concentration of 15.6 and 62.5 µg/mL respectively. Significant antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 9.5 µg/mL was recorded. Biosynthesized AgNPs were found compatible with red blood cells at a concentration of 31.5 µg/ml with no clumping of erythrocytes. The study suggested that AgNPs synthesized by the endophytic bacterium Bacillus cereus are biologically active and can be used as antioxidant and antibacterial agents against drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Mujaddidi
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Nisa
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Samha Al Ayoubi
- Department of General Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Rafha Street, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yamin Bibi
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Maimoona Sabir
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shakil Ahmad
- Central Library, Prince Sultan University, Rafha Street, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
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11
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Masood S, Rehman AU, Ihsan MA, Shahzad K, Sabir M, Alam S, Ahmed W, Shah ZH, Alghabari F, Mehmood A, Chung G. Antioxidant potential and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of onion (Allium cepa L.) peel and bulb extracts. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:00264. [PMID: 34669793 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.247168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Allium cepa L. is a commonly consumed vegetable that belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family and contains nutrients and antioxidants in ample amounts. In spite of the valuable food applications of onion bulb, its peel and outer fleshy layers are generally regarded as waste and exploration of their nutritional and therapeutic potential is still in progress with a very slow progression rate. The present study was designed with the purpose of doing a comparative analysis of the antioxidant potential of two parts of Allium cepa, i.g., bulb (edible part) and outer fleshy layers and dry peels (inedible part). Moreover, the inhibitory effect of the onion bulb and peel extracts on rat intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase of porcine was also evaluated. The antioxidant potential of onion peel and bulb extracts were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), 2,2'-azino-bis- 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assay, H2O2 radical scavenging activity and Fe2+ chelating activity. Total flavonoids and phenolic content of ethanolic extract of onion peel were significantly greater as compared to that of onion bulb. Ethanolic extract of onion peel also presented better antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity as compared to the ethanolic extract of bulb, while the aqueous extract of bulb presented weakest antioxidative potential. Onion peel extract's α-glucosidase inhibition potential was also correlated with their phenolic and flavonoid contents. The current findings presented onion peel as a possible source of antioxidative agents and phenolic compounds that might be beneficial against development of various common chronic diseases that might have an association with oxidative stress. Besides, outer dry layers and fleshy peels of onion exhibited higher phenolic content and antioxidant activities, compared to the inner bulb. The information obtained by the present study can be useful in promoting the use of vegetable parts other than the edible mesocarp for several future food applications, rather than these being wasted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Masood
- University of Lahore, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences - UIDNS, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Ur Rehman
- Natural Resources Institute (Luke), Horticulture Technologies, Production Systems Unit, Piikkiö, Finland.,University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M A Ihsan
- University of Padova, Department of Agronomy, Animals, Food, Natural Resources and Environment - DAFNAE, Padova, Italy
| | - K Shahzad
- The University of Haripur, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - M Sabir
- The University of Haripur, Department of Microbiology, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - S Alam
- The University of Haripur, Department of Microbiology, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - W Ahmed
- The University of Haripur, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Z H Shah
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - F Alghabari
- King Abdulaziz University, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Mehmood
- The University of Haripur, Department of Soil & Climate Sciences, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - G Chung
- Chonnam National University, Department of Biotechnology, Yeosu, Chonnam, South Korea
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12
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Khan BM, Sabir M, Alyemeni MN, Kaushik P, Saeed M, Raza G, Khan KA, Habiba U. Genetic similarities and phylogenetic analysis of Muntjac (Muntiacus spp.) by comparing the nucleotide sequence of 16S rRNA and cytochrome B genome. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e248153. [PMID: 34468532 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.248153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the phylogenetic similarities among the muntjac (Muntiacus spp.). The phylogenetic similarities among seven major muntjac species were studied by comparing the nucleotide sequence of 16s rRNA and cytochrome b genome. Nucleotide sequences, retrieved from NCBI databases were aligned by using DNASTAR software. A phylogenetic tree was created for the selected species of muntjac by using the maximum likelihood method on MEGA7 software. The results of nucleotide sequences (16s rRNA) showed phylogenetic similarities between, the M. truongsonensis and M. rooseveltorum had the highest (99.2%) while the lowest similarities (96.8%) found between M. crinifrons and M. putaoensi. While the results of nucleotide sequences (Cty b) showed the highest similarity (100%) between M. muntjak and M. truongsonensis and the lowest s (91.5%) among M. putaoensis and M. crinifrons. The phylogenetic tree of muntjac species (16s rRNA gene) shows the main two clusters, the one including M. putaoensis, M. truongsonensis, M. rooseveltorum, and M. muntjak, and the second one including M. crinifrons and M. vuquangensis. The M. reevesi exists separately in the phylogenetic tree. The phylogenetic tree of muntjac species using cytochrome b genes shows that the M. muntjak and M. truongsonensis are clustered in the same group.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Khan
- University of Haripur, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - M Sabir
- University of Haripur, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - M N Alyemeni
- King Saud University, College of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - P Kaushik
- Kikugawa research station, Yokohama Ueki, Kamo, Kikugawa, Shizuka, Japan
| | - M Saeed
- The University of Agriculture, Department of Weed Science and Botany, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - G Raza
- University of Baltistan, Department of Biological Sciences, Skardu, Pakistan
| | - K A Khan
- Shandong Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - U Habiba
- University of Haripur, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Pakistan
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13
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Muhammad S, Habiba U, Raza G, Bano SA, Shah S, Sabir M, Amin M, Alam S, Akhtar A, Hussain M. Payment for ecosystem services (PES): a holistic tool for sustainable forest management-a case study from Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e246002. [PMID: 34378665 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.246002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Economic valuation of ecosystem services is a new concept in forest management. Economic valuation provides basis for payment for ecosystem services (PES). Therefore, objective of this study was to evaluate eco-tourism and carbon stock services of the Maindam valley, District Swat, Pakistan. For the carbon stock calculation, a sample size of 155 plots of 0.1 hectare (Ha) was taken using preliminary survey at 95% confidence interval and 10% allowable error. The data for tourism services was collected from owners of all the hotels, 100 tourists and key informants of the area at 10% sampling intensity on pretested questionnaire for twenty years period (1997-2017). Results showed that Miandam valley has carbon stock worth US$ 16,306,000 while the value of eco-tourism was US$ 1,578,458 on annual basis. The results also showed that trend of tourism has drastically declined after the 9/11 incident for foreigners and locals and the situation was further deteriorated during the era of Talibanization or militancy from 2008-2011. This study recommends implementation of PES strategy at the rate of 5%, thus a total of US$ 78,922 can be earned from eco-tourism and carbon crediting in the study area annually, which could play important role in sustainable forest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Muhammad
- University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.,University of Swat, Institute of Agriculture Sciences and Forestry, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - U Habiba
- University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - G Raza
- University of Baltistan, Department of Biological Sciences, Skardu, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - S A Bano
- University of Haripur, Department of Microbiology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Shah
- University of Swat, Institute of Agriculture Sciences and Forestry, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Sabir
- University of Haripur, Department of Microbiology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Amin
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Sheringal, Dir (U), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Alam
- University of Haripur, Department of Microbiology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Akhtar
- University of Haripur, Department of Psychology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Hussain
- University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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14
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Rehman JU, Alam S, Khalil S, Hussain M, Iqbal M, Khan KA, Sabir M, Akhtar A, Raza G, Hussain A, Habiba U. Major threats and habitat use status of Demoiselle crane (Anthropoides virgo), in district Bannu, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e242636. [PMID: 34346960 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.242636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranes are the large and attractive Creatures of nature with long necks, legs, and life-span. Adults of both sexes are the same with similar color patterns. Demoiselle cranes spend most of their lifespan on dry grasses. They are also found around the stream, rivers, shallow lakes, natural wetlands, and depressions. To evaluate the current status of habitat use and major threats a study was conducted in tehsil Domel district Bannu. Line transect method and water quality tests (temperature, PH, contamination of E-coli bacteria) were used. To determine the major threats questionnaire method was used. The whole data was analyzed by using SPSS 21 version. Based on the distribution four study sites were selected and four water samples from each study site were taken. Most sites were moderate to highly degraded except Kashoo and kurram river mixing point which was low degraded with livestock grazing and human activities. Water quality tests showed PH ranges from 7-9, temperature 6.5-8.5, and contamination of E-coli in all samples. The social survey revealed that hunting, habitat degradation, and pollution as major threats. Effective long-term conservation and management in the study area are needed to focus on the protection of disturbance-free habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- J U Rehman
- The University of Haripur, Faculty of Basic and Applied Science, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - S Alam
- The University of Haripur, Faculty of Basic and Applied Science, Department of Microbiology, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - S Khalil
- The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Department of Forestry Range and Wildlife Management, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - M Hussain
- The University of Haripur, Faculty of Basic and Applied Science, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal
- The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Biochemistry, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - K A Khan
- Shandong Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - M Sabir
- The University of Haripur, Faculty of Basic and Applied Science, Department of Microbiology, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - A Akhtar
- The University of Haripur, Department of Psychology, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - G Raza
- University of Baltistan, Department of Biological Sciences, Skardu, Pakistan
| | - A Hussain
- The University of Haripur, Faculty of Basic and Applied Science, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - U Habiba
- The University of Haripur, Faculty of Basic and Applied Science, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Pakistan
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15
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Hussain M, Khalid F, Noreen U, Bano A, Hussain A, Alam S, Shah S, Sabir M, Habiba U. An ethno-botanical study of indigenous medicinal plants and their usage in rural valleys of Swabi and Hazara region of Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e243811. [PMID: 34076167 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.243811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An ethnobotanical study was conducted to document indigenous medicinal plants and their usage from knowledgeable and elderly persons in Razzar and Gadoon valley of Swabi and Allai and Tanawal valley of Hazara region of Pakistan during 2016-2019. Several systematic field visits and questionnaire surveys were carried out in selected sites of the study area to gather relevant information from the local community. Rapid assessment method was adopted for data collection by interviewing the local people having enough knowledge of medicinal plants use for treatment of different ailments. UV (UV) formula was applied to calculate the relative importance of medicinal plant species in each site of the study area. In the present study, 221 medicinal plants belonging to 105 families have been reported through 580 respondents (385 males, 138 females and 57 local health healer) from the Swabi and Hazara region. The main sources of herbal medicines were leaves (21%) followed by fruits (21%), seeds (17%), whole plants (14%), roots (9%), bark (9%), flowers (7%) and gum (2%). Mentha spicata L. and Berberis lycium Royle were reported with highest UV (UV) i.e. 0.92 and 0.68 in Razzar tehsil and Gadoon valley of Swabi, whereas Mentha longifolia L and Geranium wallichianum D were reported with highest UV i.e. (0.65) and (0.88) in Allai and Tanawal valley of Hazara region, respectively. It was concluded that Swabi and Hazara region is rich in medicinal plants species and associated traditional knowledge. Moreover, ethno-medicines have played significant role in the indigenous healthcare system of the study area. However, uprooting the entire plant for ethno-medicine is a big threat to conservation of medicinal plants diversity in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hussain
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Haripur, Haripur City, KP, Pakistan
| | - F Khalid
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Haripur, Haripur City, KP, Pakistan
| | - U Noreen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan
| | - A Bano
- Department of Microbiology, University of Haripur, Haripur City, KP, Pakistan
| | - A Hussain
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Haripur, Haripur City, KP, Pakistan
| | - S Alam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Haripur, Haripur City, KP, Pakistan
| | - S Shah
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Haripur, Haripur City, KP, Pakistan
| | - M Sabir
- Department of Microbiology, University of Haripur, Haripur City, KP, Pakistan
| | - U Habiba
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Haripur, Haripur City, KP, Pakistan
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16
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Ullah N, Bano SA, Habiba U, Sabir M, Akhtar A, Ramzan S, Shoukat A, Israr M, Shah S, Nizami SM, Hussain M. Environmental impacts, water footprint and cumulative energy demand of match industry in Pakistan. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251928. [PMID: 34015005 PMCID: PMC8136843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted for the matchsticks industry in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan to quantify environmental footprint, water footprint, cumulative energy use, and to identify improvement opportunities in the matchsticks manufacturing process. One carton of matchsticks was used as reference unit for this study. Foreground data was collected from the matchsticks industry through questionnaire surveys, personal meetings, and field measurements. The collected data was transformed into potential environmental impacts through the Centre for Environment Studies (CML) 2000 v.2.05 method present by default in the SimaPro v.9.1 software. Water footprint was calculated using methodology developed by Hoekstra et al., 2012 (water scarcity index) V1.02 and cumulative energy demand by SimaPro v.9.1 software. The results showed that transport of primary material (wood logs), sawn wood for matchsticks, red phosphorous, acrylic varnish, and kerosene fuel oil contributed to the overall environmental impacts. Transport of primary materials and sawn timber for matchsticks contributed significantly to abiotic depletion, global warming, eutrophication potential, ozone depletion, corrosion, human toxicity, and aquatic ecotoxicity effects. The total water footprint for manufacturing one carton of matchsticks was 0.265332 m3, whereas the total cumulative energy demand was 715.860 Mega Joules (MJ), mainly sourced from non-renewable fossil fuels (708.979 MJ). Scenario analysis was also conducted for 20% and 30% reduction in the primary material distance covered by trucks and revealed that reducing direct material transport distances could diminish environmental impacts and energy consumption. Therefore, environmental footprint could be minimized through diverting matchsticks industries freight from indigenous routes to high mobility highways and by promoting industrial forestry close to industrial zones in Pakistan. Many industries did not have emissions control systems, exceeding the permissible limit for emissions established by the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) of Pakistan. Thus, installation of emissions control system could also diminish emissions from match industry in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeeb Ullah
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Asma Bano
- Department of Microbiology, University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ume Habiba
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Maimoona Sabir
- Department of Microbiology, University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Andleeb Akhtar
- Department of Psychology, University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Samreen Ramzan
- Department of Commerce, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Shoukat
- Department of Commerce, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Israr
- Department of Biology, University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sher Shah
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Syed Moazzam Nizami
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Majid Hussain
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
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Sarwar S, Tareen MU, Sabir M, Sultan A, Malik SA. NF-κB1 intronic region polymorphisms as risk factor for head and neck cancer in HPV-infected population from Pakistan. Curr Mol Med 2021; 22:74-82. [PMID: 33653249 DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666210302144344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancer (HNC) developed due to the number of risk factors, including infection of Human Papillomavirus (HPV). The genetic predisposition also plays an important role in deregulating the NF-κB pathway, and certain polymorphisms are reported to affect the pathway genes. OBJECTIVES The present study was conducted for the detection of HPV and polymorphisms in the NF-κB1 gene of HNC patients in the Pakistani population. METHODS Genomic DNA from HNC tumors samples were extracted using the Exgene SV DNA extraction Kit. Allele-specific PCR and direct sequencing were done for analysis of NF-κB1 SNPs, 94ins/del (rs28362491), rs1598858, and rs4648068. RESULTS The genotypes AG (36.2%/ 12%) of rs1598858, and AG (28.3%/ 12%) and GG (28.3%/ 22%) of rs4648068 were associated with significantly (p≤0.05) increased risk of head and neck cancer in studied population. Furthermore, among the HNC cases, genotypes AGrs1598858 (p≤0.014) and GGrs4648068 (p≤0.001) had increased risk of HPV related cancers. Tobacco use (OR-3.158442; [1.140, 8.754]), lymph nodes involvement (OR 4.05128; [1.854, 8.852]), and poorly differentiated tumors (OR 1.997155; [0.940, 4.245]) were positively associated with HPV induced cancers. CONCLUSION It was the first comprehensive study from Pakistan, to evaluate the polymorphic variants of NF-κB1. Genotypes AGrs4648068, GGrs4648068, and AGrs1598858 of NF-κB1 gene are associated with increased risk of head and neck cancers in the Pakistani population. It can be concluded that HPV infection, lymph nodes and tobacco use can act synergetic to each other and add up in modulating HNC when present together with intronic SNPs of NF-κB1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Sarwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad. Pakistan
| | | | - Maimoona Sabir
- Department of Microbiology, University of Haripur, KP. Pakistan
| | - Aneesa Sultan
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad. Pakistan
| | - Salman A Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad. Pakistan
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18
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Abstract
The COVID-19 being a preconized global pandemic by the World Health Organization needs persuasive immediate research for possible medications. The present study was carried out with a specific aim to computationally evaluate and identify compounds derived from Bacillus species as the plausible inhibitors against 3-chymotrypsin-like main protease (3CLpro) or main protease (MPro), which is a key enzyme in the life-cycle of coronavirus. The compounds were isolated from the crude extracts of Bacillus species. Among the isolated compounds, novel inhibitory leads were identified using in silico techniques. Molecular docking revealed that stigmasterol (-8.3 kcal/mol), chondrillasterol (-7.9 kcal/mol) and hexadecnoic acid (-6.9 kcal/mol)) among others bind in the substrate-binding pocket and also interacted with the catalytic dyad of the 3-CLpro. Further evaluation using 50 ns molecular dynamic simulation and MMPB-GBSA indicated that among the top three docking hits, hexadecanoic acid was found to be the most promising anti-COVID-19 lead against the main protease. Hexadecanoic acid might serve as a potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 compound to combat COVID-19, however, in vitro and in vivo validation and optimization is needed. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Alam
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Shahida Sadiqi
- Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Maimoona Sabir
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Nisa
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- National Center for Bioinformatics (NCB), Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumra Wajid Abbasi
- NUMS Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Jamilah J, Hatta M, Natzir R, Umar F, Sjahril R, Agus R, Junita AR, Dwiyanti R, Primaguna MR, Sabir M. Analysis of existence of multidrug-resistant H58 gene in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolated from typhoid fever patients in Makassar, Indonesia. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 38:100793. [PMID: 33294191 PMCID: PMC7695904 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The surveillance of multidrug-resistant (MDR) H58 typhoid is highly important, especially in endemic areas. MDR strain detection is needed by using a simple PCR technique that only uses a pair of primers. This is conducted considering the detection of Salmonella Typhi strains that have been carried out so far are only using antimicrobial sensitivity tests to determine microbial resistance phenotypically and to determine genotypically using complex molecular techniques. We aimed to analyse the existence of Salmonella Typhi MDR H58 in patients with typhoid fever in Makassar, Indonesia. A total of 367 blood samples of typhoid fever patients were collected from April 2018 until April 2019. The blood sample was cultured, then confirmed via simple PCR. All of the confirmed samples were tested for susceptibility against antibiotics and molecularly analysed for MDR H58 existence using a simple PCR technique. We found 7% (27/367) of the samples to be positive by both blood culture and PCR. All 27 isolates were found to be sensitive to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. The lowest drug sensitivities were to amoxicillin, at one (3.7%) of 27 isolates, and ampicillin, at 13 (48.1%) of 27 isolates. Salmonella Typhi H58 PCR results showed that one (3.7%) of 27 isolates carried a positive fragment of 993 bp that led to the H58 strain, since the deletion flanks this fragment. The isolate was also found to be resistant to amoxicillin and fluoroquinolone according to a sensitivity test. Further molecular analysis needs to be conducted to examine the single isolate that carried the 933 bp fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jamilah
- Alauddin State Islamic University, Makassar, Indonesia.,Postgraduate Program of Medical Science, Indonesia
| | - M Hatta
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Indonesia
| | - R Natzir
- Department of Biochemistry, Indonesia
| | - F Umar
- Postgraduate Program of Medical Science, Indonesia.,Makassar Medical State Laboratory, Indonesian Ministry of Health, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - R Sjahril
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Indonesia
| | - R Agus
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - A R Junita
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Indonesia
| | - R Dwiyanti
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia
| | - M R Primaguna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Indonesia
| | - M Sabir
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia
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Nisa S, Khan N, Shah W, Sabir M, Khan W, Bibi Y, Jahangir M, Haq IU, Alam S, Qayyum A. Identification and Bioactivities of Two Endophytic Fungi Fusarium fujikuroi and Aspergillus tubingensis from Foliar Parts of Debregeasia salicifolia. Arab J Sci Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-04454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Sabir M. THERAPEUTIC NARRATIVE INTERVENTION WITH CLINICAL AND NON-CLINICAL POPULATIONS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Sabir
- Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, United States
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Sabir M, Pillemer KA. EXPERIENTIAL SIMILARITY AND CULTURAL NORMS AS MEANS FOR GAINING OLDER AFRICAN AMERICANS’ TRUST OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Sabir
- Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, United States
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Oneib B, Sabir M, Otheman Y, Ouanass A. [Depressive disorders in primary care: Clinical features and sociodemographic characteristics]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2018; 66:255-262. [PMID: 29866509 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2018.03.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our aim was to determine the reason for consultation and the clinical features of depressive disorders according to the diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM) 4th edition IV R in primary care and to identify if there is an association between sociodemographic characteristics and depressive pattern. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a cross-sectional study conducted to determinate the prevalence of depressive disorders in primary care, at three urban centers in two cities Salé and Oujda by five physicians, we recruited primary care 396 patients of whom 58 were depressed, among these patients we screened for depressive disorders, their clinical features, the melancholic characteristics and suicidal ideation using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. RESULTS Mean age of the 58 depressive patients was 46±15 years. They were predominantly female, inactive and of low socio-economic level. Approximately one-third of the patients were illiterate and single. The symptoms frequently encountered were sadness (63.7%), anhedonia (62%), insomnia (45.7%), anorexia (60.9%), psychomotor retardation (60.9%) and asthenia (73.9%). Somatic symptoms were present 99%, the most common complaint was pain that exhibited 68.6% prevalence. Suicidal ideations were found in 36.2% of these depressive patients. CONCLUSION The accuracy of the clinical features of patients with depression in primary care will facilitate the detection of these disorders by general practitioners and improve management of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Oneib
- Département de psychiatrie, faculté de médecine, université Mohammed I, Oujda, Maroc.
| | - M Sabir
- Département de psychiatrie, faculté de médecine, université Mohammed VI, Maroc
| | - Y Otheman
- Centre psychiatrique universitaire El-Hassan, faculté de médecine, université Sidi-Mohammed-Benabdellah, Fès Maroc
| | - A Ouanass
- Département de psychiatrie, faculté de médecine, université Mohammed VI, Maroc
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Alison R, Sabir M, Sereduk C, Tuncali S, Pineda M, Millard N, Dhruv HD, Peng S, Berens ME, Loftus JC, Winkles JA, Tran NL. P08.02 EGFRvIII induced GBM invasion and survival is dependent upon Stat5 activation and Fn14 expression. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox036.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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El Ammouri A, Sabir M, Ahid S, Toufiq J, El Omari F. [Non-drug psycho-active substance use and pregnancy]. Encephale 2015; 41:302-8. [PMID: 26383617 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of psycho-active substances (PAS) by pregnant women is in a growing increase around the world. It is a major problem of public health in some countries due to serious and negative consequences for children and society as well as for pregnant women. This problem has also increased among women in Morocco. However, it is still neglected and underrated in the absence of any official statistical data. This is the first study leading to a better profiling of pregnant women who may consume psycho-active substances during their pregnancy; it would permit better medical and psychosocial care of both women and children. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence and the factors associated with the psycho-active substances used by pregnant women and describe their socio-demographic characteristics. METHODS AND PATIENTS A trans-sectional study was carried out from September to October 2010, including pregnant women consulting at the obstetrical service of the provincial hospital Moulay Abdellah in the city of Salé. The study included women who were pregnant or had recently given birth, and not having any serious mental disorders that could have upset their cognitive abilities. The data was collected through a straight questionnaire of 25 items specifying the socio-demographic characteristics, data about pregnancy and habits of using psycho-active substances. RESULTS One hundred and fifty pregnant women were included in the study. The majority of them (83.2%) were aged 20 to 40 years old, 94.6% were married, 96% were unemployed and depended on their spouses for their financial resources and 80% had normal domestic relationships (from average to good quality). Among the women, 31.3% of them reported traumatic events in the past. The prevalence of psycho-active substance consumption by the pregnant women of our sample was 11.3%. The used substances were tobacco (9.3%) and cannabis (4%). These women were more likely to have a low level of education (47.1 vs 16.5). They were victims of abuse or neglect in their past (82.3 vs 24.9), and their relationships with their spouses were bad (70.6 vs 13.5) with a lack of desired pregnancy (47.1 vs 27.8) and poor follow-up (47.1 vs 3.8). The results show statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION Not only should decision-makers draw attention to the seriousness of the problem because of the relatively high rate of psycho-active substance consumption, but also they should increase obstetric team's awareness to look systematically for psycho-active substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A El Ammouri
- Hôpital psychiatrique universitaire Ar-razi, CHU Rabat-Salé, rue Ibn-Rochd, 11010 Salé, Maroc.
| | - M Sabir
- Hôpital psychiatrique universitaire Ar-razi, CHU Rabat-Salé, rue Ibn-Rochd, 11010 Salé, Maroc
| | - S Ahid
- Équipe de recherche en pharmaco-épidémiologie & pharmaco-économie, faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, université Mohammed V Souissi, avenue Mohamed Belarbi El Alaoui, B.P. 6203, Rabat, Maroc
| | - J Toufiq
- Hôpital psychiatrique universitaire Ar-razi, CHU Rabat-Salé, rue Ibn-Rochd, 11010 Salé, Maroc
| | - F El Omari
- Hôpital psychiatrique universitaire Ar-razi, CHU Rabat-Salé, rue Ibn-Rochd, 11010 Salé, Maroc
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Ali K, Mahjabeen I, Sabir M, Baig RM, Zafeer M, Faheem M, Kayani MA. Germline variations of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APEX1) detected in female breast cancer patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:7589-95. [PMID: 25292033 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.18.7589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APEX1) is a multifunctional protein which plays a central role in the BER pathway. APEX1 gene being highly polymorphic in cancer patients and has been indicated to have a contributive role in Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site accumulation in DNA and consequently an increased risk of cancer development. In this case-control study, all exons of the APEX1 gene and its exon/intron boundaries were amplified in 530 breast cancer patients and 395 matched healthy controls and then analyzed by single-stranded conformational polymorphism followed by sequencing. Sequence analysis revealed fourteen heterozygous mutations, seven 5'UTR, one 3 'UTR, two intronic and four missense. Among identified mutations one 5'UTR (rs41561214), one 3'UTR (rs17112002) and one missense mutation (Ser129Arg, Mahjabeen et al., 2013) had already been reported while the remaining eleven mutations. Six novel mutations (g.20923366T>G, g.20923435G>A, g.20923462G>A, g.20923516G>A, 20923539G>A, g.20923529C>T) were observed in 5'UTR region, two (g.20923585T>G, g.20923589T>G) in intron1 and three missense (Glu101Lys, Ala121Pro, Ser123Trp) in exon 4. Frequencues of 5'UTR mutations; g.20923366T>G, g.20923435G>A and 3'UTR (rs17112002) werecalculated as 0.13, 0.1 and 0.1 respectively. Whereas, the frequency of missense mutations Glu101Lys, Ser123Trp and Ser129Arg was calculated as 0.05. A significant association was observed between APEX1 mutations and increased breast cancer by ~9 fold (OR=8.68, 95%CI=2.64 to 28.5) with g.20923435G>A (5'UTR) , ~13 fold (OR= 12.6, 95%CI=3.01 to 53.0) with g.20923539G>A (5'UTR) and~5 fold increase with three missense mutations [Glu101Lys (OR=4.82, 95%CI=1.97 to 11.80), Ser123Trp (OR=4.62, 95%CI=1.7 to 12.19), Ser129Arg (OR=4.86, 95%CI=1.43 to 16.53)]. The incidence of observed mutations was found higher in patients with family history and with early menopause. In conclusion, our study demonstrates a significant association between germ line APEX1 mutations and breast cancer patients in the Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Ali
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan E-mail :
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Abstract
The activity of Rb proteins is controlled by post-translational modifications, especially through phosphorylation. Acetylation of Rb2/p130 was reported recently in NIH3T3 cells but its physiological relevance in cell cycle control and tumorigenesis is still unknown. Efforts are underway to investigate possible interplay between Rb2/p130 phosphorylation and acetylation. Here we hypothesized that Rb2/p130 acetylation, like p53 acetylation, may play a role in development of the tumor phenotype. The proposed hypothesis regarding acetylation of Rb2/p130 in tumor VS normal cells was found to be true in our case study of 36 tumor samples. Statistical analysis of results suggest strong correlation among Rb2/p130 acetylation and cancer phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z N Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Baig RM, Mahjabeen I, Sabir M, Masood N, Ali K, Malik FA, Kayani MA. Mutational spectrum of Gelsolin and its down regulation is associated with breast cancer. Dis Markers 2013; 34:71-80. [PMID: 23324580 PMCID: PMC3809971 DOI: 10.3233/dma-120952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal rearrangement occurs in variety of cellular processes and involves a wide spectrum of proteins. Gelsolin super family proteins control actin organization by severing and capping filament ends and nucleating actin assembly. Gelsolin is the founding member of this family and plays important role in pathogenesis of human neoplasia. This study aimed to investigate the germline mutations and expressional profile of Gelsolin in human breast cancer tissues. For germ line screening PCR-SSCP technique was used while expression was analyzed through quantitative real time PCR. Different types of mutations were observed in Gelsolin coding regions on exons 4, 10, 11, 14 and 15. These mutations include 3 missense nonsynonymous substitution mutations, 2 deletions, 1 insertion and 1 synonymous substitution mutation. Gelsolin transcript level was found significantly lower in breast tumor tissues compared to control samples (p=0.03). Low level of Gelsolin was found in metastatic patients (p=0.002) and patients who died from breast cancer (P=0.03) compared to disease free patients at final follow up. This study shows that level of Gelsolin is down regulated in breast cancer tissues and is linked with metastasis development and death in patients. It is concluded that genetic changes in coding regions of Gelsolin can potentially contribute to genetic instability. These genetic variations and expressional correlation with patient survival may prove to be of significant importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqia Mehmood Baig
- Cancer Genetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Chak shazad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Mahjabeen I, Baig RM, Sabir M, Kayani MA. Genetic and expressional variations of APEX1 are associated with increased risk of head and neck cancer. Mutagenesis 2013; 28:213-8. [PMID: 23408843 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ges074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aetiology of head and neck cancer (HNC) has been shown to be associated with genetic and certain environmental factors that produce DNA damage. Base excision repair (BER) genes are responsible for repair of DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species and other electrophiles and therefore are good candidate susceptibility genes for HNC. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1 (APEX1) proteins have important functions in the BER pathway. In this case-control study, all exons of the APEX1 gene and its exon/intron boundaries were amplified in 300 HNC cases and 300 matched healthy controls and then analysed by single-stranded conformational polymorphism. Amplified products showing altered mobility patterns were sequenced and analysed. To confirm our observations, we examined APEX1 expression at mRNA level on 50 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and 50 normal control samples by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. At germ line level, three novel mutations (13T > G, Ser129Arg and Val131Gly) of APEX1 were observed. The homozygous and heterozygous genotypes of APEX1 13T > G, Ser129Arg and Val131Gly appear to be significantly involved in the development of HNC. In the case of expressional level, APEX1 mRNA expression was positively correlated with tumour size, clinical stage and positive lymph node metastasis. Statistical analysis showed a significantly higher APEX1 mRNA level in HNC tumour tissue than in control samples. Our study demonstrated that APEX1 mutations and deregulation of APEX1 are associated with increased risk of HNC in the Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrat Mahjabeen
- Cancer Genetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road Chak shazad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Mahjabeen I, Baig RM, Masood N, Sabir M, Inayat U, Malik FA, Kayani MA. Genetic Variations in XRCC1 Gene in Sporadic Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) Patients. Pathol Oncol Res 2012; 19:183-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-012-9567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Sabir M, Baig RM, Mahjabeen I, Kayani MA. Novel germline CDK4 mutations in patients with head and neck cancer. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2012; 10:11. [PMID: 22932448 PMCID: PMC3488972 DOI: 10.1186/1897-4287-10-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) together with its regulatory subunit cyclin D1, governs cell cycle progression through G1 phase. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, including p16INK4A in turn regulate CDK4. In particular, deregulation of the p16/CDK4/cyclin D1 complex has been established in a variety of human tumors including gliomas, sarcomas, melanoma, breast and colorectal cancer. However, changes in CDK4 have rarely been observed. METHOD In this study we used a combination of PCR-SSCP and direct sequencing for mutational screening of CDK4. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocyte of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck, for screening germline mutations in coding regions of CDK4. RESULTS Variations observed in exon 2 and 5 were three missense mutations, g5051G > C (Ser52Thr), g5095G > C (Glu67Gln), g5906C > A, g5907C > G (Pro194Ser) and novel frame shift mutations g7321_23delTGA, g7121_7122insG, g7143delG in exon 7 and 3'UTR respectively. CONCLUSION In conclusion, two novel mutations were found in N terminal domain which indicates that CDK4 mutation may play a major role in the development and progression of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimoona Sabir
- Cancer Genetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road Chak shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ruqia Mehmood Baig
- Cancer Genetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road Chak shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Mahjabeen
- Cancer Genetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road Chak shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Akhtar Kayani
- Cancer Genetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road Chak shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Sabir M, Cohen N, Boukhanjer A, Ennaji MM. Occurance and survival of Vibrio alginolyticus in Tamouda Bay (Morocco). Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2011; 57 Suppl:OL1592-OL1599. [PMID: 22000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the spatial and seasonal fluctuations of Vibrio alginolyticus in marine environment of the Tamouda Bay on the Mediterranean coast of Morocco and to determine the dominant factors of the environment that govern these fluctuations. The samples (sea water, plankton, shellfish and sediment) were collected fortnightly for two years from three study sites on the coast Tamouda Bay in northern Morocco. The charge of Vibrio alginolyticus is determined by MPN method. The physicochemical parameters including temperature of sea water, pH, salinity, turbidity and chlorophyll a concentration were determined. Analysis of variance of specific variables and several principal component analyses showed that the temperature of seawater is the major determinant of seasonal distribution of Vibrio alginolyticus. The results showed a positive linear correlation between Vibrio alginolyticus and the water temperature, pH, turbidity and chlorophyll a. Similarly, there are seasonal variations and spatial of Vibrio alginolyticus in marine environment of the Tamouda bay and the highest concentrations were recorded in both years of study during the warm season whereas it was minimal during the cold season. Linear positive correlation was recorded between Vibrio alginolyticus populations in all ecological types of samples studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sabir
- Laboratoire de Virologie et Hygiène & Microbiologie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Mohammedia, Université Hassan II, Mohammedia, Maroc
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Aziz T, Rahmatullah, Maqsood MA, Sabir M, Kanwal S. CATEGORIZATION OF BRASSICACULTIVARS FOR PHOSPHORUS ACQUISITION FROM PHOSPHATE ROCK ON BASIS OF GROWTH AND IONIC PARAMETERS. Journal of Plant Nutrition 2011; 34:522-533. [DOI: 10.1080/01904167.2011.538114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
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Mahjabeen I, Baig RM, Masood N, Sabir M, Malik FA, Kayani MA. OGG1 gene sequence variation in head and neck cancer patients in Pakistan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011; 12:2779-2783. [PMID: 22320992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In Pakistani culture tobacco use is very high and a well known risk factor for developing head and neck cancer (HNC), tobacco smoke containing high quantities of chemical carcinogens such as aromatic amines and reactive oxygen species. OGG1 is the primary enzyme in the base excision repair (BER) pathway, responsible for the excision of 7, 8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine, a mutagenic base byproduct that occurs as a result of exposure to reactive oxygen species. Groups of 300 already diagnosed HNC patients along with normal controls were included in this study. PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing were used to analyze the whole coding region of OGG1 gene. Sequence analysis revealed eight novel mutations (six missense and two frame shift mutations). Frequencies of missense mutations, Asp267Asn, Ser279Gly and Ile253Phe were 0.12, 0.13 and 0.06 respectively. Frequencies of other missense mutations, 1578A> T, 1582C> T and Ala399Glu (1542C> A) were 0.13, 0.13 and 0.16, whereas values for the frame shift mutations 1582insG and 1543-1544delCT were 0.13 and 0.16. In our study, incidence of these mutations was found higher in oral cancers (p<0.002) and in smokers (p<0.002) when compared with other sites of HNC and nonsmokers, respectively. Our finding suggests that these germline mutations in OGG1 gene contribute to risk of developing HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrat Mahjabeen
- Cancer Genetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Baig RM, Mahjabeen I, Sabir M, Masood N, Hafeez S, Malik FA, Kayani MA. Genetic changes in the PTEN gene and their association with breast cancer in Pakistan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011; 12:2773-2778. [PMID: 22320991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The PTEN gene, a candidate tumor suppressor, is one of the more commonly inactivated and extensively studied genes in cancer. However, few data are available about the role of germ line mutations of this gene in sporadic breast cancer cases. The purpose of this study was to determine extent of involvement of this gene in breast cancer in Pakistan. To test the hypothesis that genetic variations of PTEN play a role in the etiology of breast cancer, a population based case-control study was conducted in 350 breast cancer patients along 400 healthy controls. After extracting DNA from blood, the whole coding sequence of PTEN along with intron/exon boundaries was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-single stranded conformational polymorphism. Sequencing analysis revealed nineteen different types of mutations in different regions of PTEN (in exon 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 and splicing sites of intron 2 and 4 and also in the 3' UTR region), including 3 silent, 8 missense, 2 frame shift and 6 splice site variations. Among the observed variations in this study, three missense mutations have already been reported i.e. 319G>A (Asp106Asn), 389G>A (Arg129Gln) and 482G>A (Arg160Lys) in different populations. The present results suggest that a wide range of germline PTEN mutations may play a role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqia Mehmood Baig
- Cancer Genetics Lab, COMSATS Institute of Information and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Sudheer KS, Sabir M. Function projective synchronization in chaotic and hyperchaotic systems through open-plus-closed-loop coupling. Chaos 2010; 20:013115. [PMID: 20370270 DOI: 10.1063/1.3309019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Recently introduced function projective synchronization in which chaotic systems synchronize up to a scaling function has important applications in secure communications. We design coupling function for unidirectional coupling in identical and mismatched oscillators to realize function projective synchronization through open-plus-closed-loop coupling method. Numerical simulations on Lorenz system, Rossler system, hyperchaotic Lorenz, and hyperchaotic Chen system are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sebastian Sudheer
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala 682022, India
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Kochar DK, Tanwar PD, Norris RL, Sabir M, Nayak KC, Agrawal TD, Purohit VP, Kochar A, Simpson ID. Rediscovery of severe saw-scaled viper (Echis sochureki) envenoming in the Thar desert region of Rajasthan, India. Wilderness Environ Med 2007; 18:75-85. [PMID: 17590073 DOI: 10.1580/06-weme-or-078r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In India, venomous snakebite remains an enigma. Although ineffective first aid treatments that are centuries old continue to be used by people bitten by snakes, important factual information, such as the importance and uniqueness of bites by the northern saw-scaled viper (Echis sochureki), has been largely lost and forgotten. In this paper, we report the first systematically gathered data on the clinical course of envenoming by E sochureki in Rajasthan, India. Clinical information is reported on 12 victims bitten by definitively identified E sochureki, and 2 clinical cases are described in greater detail to illustrate the severity of envenoming by this snake. METHODS A data collection form was developed and used to prospectively gather clinical information regarding patients who were bitten by E sochureki and who brought the dead snake with them to hospital. All snakes were definitively identified by an experienced herpetologist. Information on symptoms and signs, management (both first aid and hospital), and outcomes was collected. RESULTS All 12 victims had evidence of systemic envenoming, including abnormal 20-minute whole blood clotting tests (with systemic bleeding in 7). All received polyvalent antivenom made, in part, with Echis carinatus venom from southern India. Antivenom was relatively ineffective in restoring coagulation to these patients. All patients survived, although 1 patient suffered an intracranial bleed with residual hemiparesis. CONCLUSIONS Echis sochureki causes severe bites in Rajasthan. Work needs to be done to alter the first aid practices used for snakebites in this area, to encourage more rapid presentation to hospital, and to develop antivenom that is more effective against E sochureki.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Kochar
- S.P. Medical College Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
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Kochar DK, Kochar SK, Agrawal RP, Sabir M, Nayak KC, Agrawal TD, Purohit VP, Gupta RP. The changing spectrum of severe falciparum malaria: a clinical study from Bikaner (northwest India). J Vector Borne Dis 2006; 43:104-8. [PMID: 17024858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Recently there were reports from all over India about changing spectrum of clinical presentation of severe malaria. The present study was planned to study the same in the northwest India. METHODS This prospective study was conducted on patients of severe malaria admitted in a classified malaria ward of a tertiary care hospital in Bikaner, Rajasthan (northwest India) during 1994 and 2001. It included adult patients of both sexes belonging to all age groups. The diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum was confirmed by demonstrating asexual form of parasites in peripheral blood smear. All patients were treated with i.v./oral quinine. The specific complications were treated by standard WHO protocol. The data for individual complications for both the years were analysed by applying chi-square test. RESULTS In a prospective study in 1994 the spectrum of complication was dominated by cerebral malaria (25.75%) followed by jaundice (11.47%), bleeding tendencies (9.59%), severe anaemia (5.83%), shock (5.26%), Acute respiratory distress syndrome-ARDS (3.01%), renal failure (2.07%) and hypoglycemia (2.07%) whereas in 2001 it was dominated by jaundice (58.85%) followed by severe anaemia (26.04%), bleeding tendencies (25.52%), shock (10.94%), cerebral malaria (10.94%), renal failure (6.25%), ARDS (2.08%) and hypoglycemia (1.56%). The sharp difference for presence of jaundice and severe anaemia in 2001 and cerebral malaria in 1994 was statistically significant. Similarly, the important cause of mortality in 2001 was multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (71.10%) with predominant presentation of jaundice and renal failure, whereas in 1994, it was cerebral malaria (77.96%). INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION The observation of changing spectrum of severe malaria in this study and a significant increase in presentation with jaundice as an important manifestation is highly essential for primary, secondary and tertiary level health care providers for proper diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Kochar
- Department of Medicine, S.P. Medical College, Bikaner, India.
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Sabir M, Raghuram AK. Asthma - Impact on pregnancy outcome. Lung India 2006. [DOI: 10.4103/0970-2113.44385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Gauri LA, Purohit VP, Fatima Q, Katiyar V, Sabir M, Kochar DK. Interstitial lung disease and vasculitis in a case of rheumatoid arthritis. J Indian Med Assoc 2004; 102:652. [PMID: 15868881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
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41
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Garg SK, Garg KM, Sabir M. Evaluation of tocolytic efficacy of selective beta2 adrenoceptor agonists on buffalo uterus. Indian J Exp Biol 2004; 42:913-8. [PMID: 15462186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Present study was conducted on prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha), oxytocin, (OT), potassium chloride (KCI) and barium chloride (BaCl2) pre-contracted perimetrial uterine strips of dioestrus and pregnant buffaloes to evaluate the tocolytic efficacy of selective beta2 adrenoceptor agonists-albuterol (salbutamol) and terbutaline. Cumulative concentration-response curves of both the beta2 adrenoceptor agonists were constructed and the mean effective concentration (EC50) values determined and compared statistically. Based on the comparative EC50 values in relaxing the pre-contracted uterine strips with different spasmogens, the rank order potency of albuterol was found to be--PGF2alpha > BaCl2 > OT > KCl on uterine strips from dioestrus animals, while OT> BaCl2> PGF2alpha >KCl on the uterine strips of pregnant buffaloes. The rank order potency of terbutaline on uterine strips from dioestrus stage animals was- BaCl2 > OT > KCl > PGF2alpha, while BaCl2 > PGF2alpha > KCl > OT on uterine tissues of pregnant animals. Thus, irrespective of the state of uterus, whether gravid or non-gravid, KCl-depolarized uterine tissues required comparatively higher concentrations of albuterol or terbutaline to produce tocolytic effect. High concentrations of K+ in biophase may have interfered with the beta2 adrenoceptor agonists-induced outward K+ current and hyperpolarization. From the results of present study, it was evident that selective beta2 adrenergic agonists had good tocolytic efficacy on the uterus of buffaloes. Further, indirectly the possibility of existence and activation of K(Ca) channels by selective beta2 adrenoceptor agonists in mediating tocolysis of buffalo myometrium can not be ruled out, however, detailed studies using specific K(Ca) channel blockers are required for characterizing the nature of such channels in buffalo uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish K Garg
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Veterinary Science University and Cattle Research Institute, Mathura 281 001, India
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Rajagopalan S, Sabir M. Analysis of chaotic motion and its shape dependence in a generalized piecewise linear map. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2001; 63:057201. [PMID: 11415049 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.63.057201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the chaotic motion and its shape dependence in a piecewise linear map using Fujisaka's characteristic function method. The map is a generalization of the one introduced by Artuso. Exact expressions for diffusion coefficients are obtained with previously obtained results used as special cases. A fluctuation spectrum relating to the probability density function is obtained in a parametric form. We also give limiting forms of the above quantities. The dependence of the diffusion coefficient and probability density function on the shape of the map is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rajagopalan
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 682 022, Kerala, India.
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Makkar P, Gandhi M, Agrawal RP, Sabir M, Kothari RP. Ventilatory pulmonary function tests in type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Assoc Physicians India 2000; 48:962-6. [PMID: 11200919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the ventilatory pulmonary function tests (VPFT) in type one diabetes mellitus and to correlate it with duration, meticulous metabolic control and various complications of diabetes. METHODOLOGY Spirometric evaluation of 50 young (15-30 years of age) type one diabetes mellitus patients was done under the case control longitudinal study. After recording baseline parameters patients were subjected to PFT. OBSERVATIONS Degree of derangement in VPFTs was directly related to duration and metabolic control of diabetes. VPFT parameters such as FVC, FEV1, PEFR, MEF 75% and MEF 25% showed significant reduction (p = 0.009, = 0.001, = 0.001, = 0.05 respectively). Similarly patients with HbA1c > 10% showed significant reduction in FVC, FEV1, PEFR and MEF 75% (p = 0.001 for each). Diabetic patients with complications particularly peripheral neuropathy and nephropathy had significant reduction in FVC, FEV1 and PEFR (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Spirometric evaluation in type one diabetes mellitus showed varying derangements in the different parameters of VPFTs, suggestive of dominantly restrictive with some obstructive pattern as indicated by significant decline in FVC, PEFR and MEF 75%.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Makkar
- Department of Medicine, SP Medical College, Bikaner-334 003
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Shashikiran U, Rastogi A, Gupta RP, Sabir M. Ehler-Danlos syndrome type VI variant presenting with recurrent respiratory infections and responding to high dose vitamin C. J Assoc Physicians India 1999; 47:554-5. [PMID: 10778573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- U Shashikiran
- Dept. of Medicine, SP Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
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Iqbal MS, Ahmad AR, Sabir M, Asad SM. Preparation, characterization and biological evaluation of copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes with cephalexin. J Pharm Pharmacol 1999; 51:371-5. [PMID: 10385207 DOI: 10.1211/0022357991772556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes of cephalexin have been prepared and characterized by microanalysis and by thermogravimetric, magnetic and spectroscopic analysis. The complexes were found to be five-coordinate, monohydrate, and ML2 type. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectral lines revealed rhombic distortion from axial symmetry, with g(parallel) > g(perpendicular) > g(e), in the elongated-tetragonal copper(II) complex. The geometry of the zinc(II) complex seems to be square-pyramidal. On complexation with copper and zinc the antimicrobial activity of cephalexin improved significantly. The copper complex was found to be active against kaolin paw oedema whereas the parent drug was inactive. These results suggest that the metallic elements should be seriously considered during drug design, and that complexes already reported should be subjected to clinical evaluation. Their use could provide an easy way of improving the activity and reducing the toxicity of drug substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Iqbal
- Himont Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals (Pvt) Limited, Lahore, Pakistan
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Sabir M, Shashikiran U, Kochar SK. Building related illnesses and indoor air pollution. J Assoc Physicians India 1999; 47:426-30. [PMID: 10778530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Building related illnesses are a common problem in developed countries and are expected to increase rapidly in urban India. Although objective physical abnormalities are not generally found except in a few specific diseases like Legionnaires' disease, the symptoms can be uncomfortable and even disabling. In this review we initially introduce the concept of indoor air pollution and building related illnesses. Subsequently we review the sources of and exposure to the pollutants along with their health effects and the approach to a patient of suspected building related illness. We conclude by discussing the measures for the control of indoor air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sabir
- Dept of Medicine, SP Medical College, Bikaner
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Sabir M, Tinna VK, Rastogi A, Agarwal RP. Effect of enalapril therapy on ventilatory pulmonary function tests in hypertensive patients. J Assoc Physicians India 1998; 46:355-9. [PMID: 11273316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Fifty newly diagnosed nonsmoker patients suffering from mild to moderate hypertension (diastolic BP 90 to 114 mmHg), randomly selected and not having respiratory or other systemic diseases which may affect pulmonary functions were subjected to thorough interrogation and clinical examination. Twenty five normal age and sex matched healthy volunteers served as control. All patients and controls were subjected to ventilatory pulmonary function tests (VPFT), done by computerized spirometer. Hypertensive patients were put on oral enalapril, doses were titrated and maintained on 2.5 to 10 mg once daily. Twenty percent of the total hypertensive patients reported mild to moderate dry cough and was more frequently observed among females (27%). Significant decline was observed in MEF 50% and MEF 25% of vital capacity values (p 0.0204 and 0.0001) after 10 days of enalapril therapy. These two VPFT parameters showed significantly higher decline among patients who developed cough as compared to patients who did not develop cough. Decline in VPFT parameters were directly related to doses of enalapril.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sabir
- Department of Medicine, Respiratory Section, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner-334 003
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Garg SK, Shah MA, Garg KM, Farooqui MM, Sabir M. Antilymphocytic and immunosuppressive effects of Lantana camara leaves in rats. Indian J Exp Biol 1997; 35:1315-8. [PMID: 9567767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Once daily administration of Lantana camara leaves juice at different dose levels (60, 300, 600 and 1500 mg/kg/day) for 14 days in rats resulted in alterations in various haemato- and biochemical parameters. Significant increase in blood urea nitrogen was observed with the doses of 600 and 1500 mg while significant increase in the relative weights of adrenals was observed at all the four dose levels. Total proteins, globulins, absolute lymphocyte count and per cent lymphocyte count were significantly decreased with 60, 600 and 1500 mg doses while a significant hypoglycemic effect was observed with 1500 mg only. Rats treated with 1500 mg dose did not exhibit any increase in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities or the alterations in relative kidney and liver weights. In another set of experiment, once daily oral administration of 1500 mg/kg/day for 14 days significantly inhibited the granulomatous tissue formation in rats and this effect was comparable to that of cyclophosphamide (10 mg/kg/day).
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Garg
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Mathura, India
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Phadnis S, Garg SK, Shah MA, Sabir M. Histamine H2 receptor mediated relaxation of buffalo (Bubalus bubalus) ureter. Indian J Exp Biol 1995; 33:41-3. [PMID: 9135674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
On the buffalo ureter, histamine did not elicit any direct effect. However, it caused concentration-dependent relaxation of the tissues precontracted by carbachol, phenylephrine, norepinephrine, KCI or BaCl2 and also inhibited the contractile effect of carbachol. Metiamide selectively antagonised the relaxation and inhibition of contractile response but mepyramine did not show this effect. Isoprenaline, dobutamine, salbutamol, verapamil and papaverine neither produced any direct effect nor relaxed the carbachol-contracted tissues; norepinephrine and epinephrine had contractile effects. Hence, the histamine-induced relaxation was mediated through the activation of H2 receptors and not through adrenergic mechanisms or blockade of Ca(2+)-channels or inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Phadnis
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Mathura, India
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