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Rojas IM, Jennings MK, Conlisk E, Syphard AD, Mikesell J, Kinoshita AM, West K, Stow D, Storey E, De Guzman ME, Foote D, Warneke A, Pairis A, Ryan S, Flint LE, Flint AL, Lewison RL. A landscape-scale framework to identify refugia from multiple stressors. Conserv Biol 2022; 36:e13834. [PMID: 34476838 PMCID: PMC9298232 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
From a conservation perspective, quantifying potential refugial capacity has been predominantly focused on climate refugia, which is critical for maintaining the persistence of species and ecosystems. However, protection from other stressors, such as human-induced changes in fire and hydrology, that cause habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation is also necessary to ensure that conservation efforts focused on climate are not undermined by other threats. Thus, conceptual and methodological advances for quantifying potential refugia from multiple anthropogenic stressors are important to support conservation efforts. We devised a new conceptual approach, the domains of refugia, for assessing refugial capacity that identifies areas where exposure to multiple stressors is low. In our framework, patterns of environmental variability (e.g., increased frequency of warm summers), thresholds of resilience, and extent and intensity of stressors are used to identify areas of potential refugia from a suite of ongoing anthropogenic stressors (e.g., changes in fire regime). To demonstrate its utility, we applied the framework to a Southern California landscape. Sites with high refugial capacity (super-refugia sites) had on average 30% fewer extremely warm summers, 20% fewer fire events, 10% less exposure to altered river channels and riparian areas, and 50% fewer recreational trails than the surrounding landscape. Our results suggest that super-refugia sites (∼8200 km2 ) for some natural communities are underrepresented in the existing protected area network, a finding that can inform efforts to expand protected areas. Our case study highlights how considering exposure to multiple stressors can inform planning and practice to conserve biodiversity in a changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M. Rojas
- Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Megan K. Jennings
- Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Ecological Monitoring and ManagementSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Erin Conlisk
- Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Point Blue Conservation SciencePetalumaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alexandra D. Syphard
- Department of GeographySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Vertus WildfireSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Conservation Biology InstituteLa MesaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jack Mikesell
- Department of Civil, Construction, & Environmental EngineeringSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alicia M. Kinoshita
- Department of Civil, Construction, & Environmental EngineeringSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Krista West
- Department of GeographySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Doug Stow
- Department of GeographySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Emanuel Storey
- Department of GeographySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mark E. De Guzman
- Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Environmental Science and PolicyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Diane Foote
- Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- School of Public AffairsSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Sherry Ryan
- School of Public AffairsSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lorraine E. Flint
- Water Resources DisciplineU.S. Geological SurveySacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alan L. Flint
- Water Resources DisciplineU.S. Geological SurveySacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rebecca L. Lewison
- Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Ecological Monitoring and ManagementSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
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Waring BG, De Guzman ME, Du DV, Dupuy JM, Gei M, Gutknecht J, Hulshof C, Jelinski N, Margenot AJ, Medvigy D, Pizano C, Salgado‐Negret B, Schwartz NB, Trierweiler AM, Van Bloem SJ, Vargas G. G, Powers JS. Soil biogeochemistry across Central and South American tropical dry forests. ECOL MONOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie G. Waring
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center Utah State University Logan Utah 84321 USA
| | - Mark E. De Guzman
- Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Dan V. Du
- Department of Soil & Water Systems University of Idaho Moscow Idaho 83844 USA
| | - Juan M. Dupuy
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. (CICY) Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo Mérida Yucatán C.P. 97205 México
| | - Maga Gei
- Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Jessica Gutknecht
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Catherine Hulshof
- Department of Biology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia 23284 USA
| | - Nicolas Jelinski
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Andrew J. Margenot
- Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - David Medvigy
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Camila Pizano
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Icesi Calle 18 # 122‐135 Cali Colombia
| | - Beatriz Salgado‐Negret
- Departamento de Biología Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá Carrera 30 Calle 45 Bogotá Colombia
| | - Naomi B. Schwartz
- Department of Geography University of British Columbia 1984 West Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z2 Canada
| | | | - Skip J. Van Bloem
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science Clemson University Georgetown South Carolina 29634 USA
| | - German Vargas G.
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Jennifer S. Powers
- Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
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De Guzman ME, Acosta-Rangel A, Winter K, Meinzer FC, Bonal D, Santiago LS. Hydraulic traits of Neotropical canopy liana and tree species across a broad range of wood density: implications for predicting drought mortality with models. Tree Physiol 2021; 41:24-34. [PMID: 32803244 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wood density (WD) is often used as a proxy for hydraulic traits such as vulnerability to drought-induced xylem cavitation and maximum water transport capacity, with dense-wooded species generally being more resistant to drought-induced xylem cavitation, having lower rates of maximum water transport and lower sapwood capacitance than light-wooded species. However, relationships between WD and the hydraulic traits that they aim to predict have not been well established in tropical forests, where modeling is necessary to predict drought responses for a high diversity of unmeasured species. We evaluated WD and relationships with stem xylem vulnerability by measuring cavitation curves, sapwood water release curves and minimum seasonal water potential (Ψmin) on upper canopy branches of six tree species and three liana species from a single wet tropical forest site in Panama. The objective was to better understand coordination and trade-offs among hydraulic traits and the potential utility of these relationships for modeling purposes. We found that parameters from sapwood water release curves such as capacitance, saturated water content and sapwood turgor loss point (Ψtlp,x) were related to WD, whereas stem vulnerability curve parameters were not. However, the water potential corresponding to 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity (P50) was related to Ψtlp,x and sapwood osmotic potential at full turgor (πo,x). Furthermore, species with lower Ψmin showed lower P50, Ψtlp,x and πo,x suggesting greater drought resistance. Our results indicate that WD is a good easy-to-measure proxy for some traits related to drought resistance, but not others. The ability of hydraulic traits such as P50 and Ψtlp,x to predict mortality must be carefully examined if WD values are to be used to predict drought responses in species without detailed physiological measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E De Guzman
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, 2150 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Aleyda Acosta-Rangel
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, 2150 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panamá 0843-03092, Republic of Panamá
| | - Frederick C Meinzer
- Pacific Northwest Station, USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, OR 97331, USA
| | - Damien Bonal
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR Silva, 14 Rue Girardet, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Louis S Santiago
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, 2150 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panamá 0843-03092, Republic of Panamá
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Pratt RB, Tobin MF, Jacobsen AL, Traugh CA, De Guzman ME, Hayes CC, Toschi HS, MacKinnon ED, Percolla MI, Clem ME, Smith PT. Starch storage capacity of sapwood is related to dehydration avoidance during drought. Am J Bot 2021; 108:91-101. [PMID: 33349932 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The xylem tissue of plants performs three principal functions: transport of water, support of the plant body, and nutrient storage. Tradeoffs may arise because different structural requirements are associated with different functions or because suites of traits are under selection that relate to resource acquisition, use, and turnover. The structural and functional basis of xylem storage is not well established. We hypothesized that greater starch storage would be associated with greater sapwood parenchyma and reduced fibers, which would compromise resistance to xylem tensions during dehydration. METHODS We measured cavitation resistance, minimum water potential, starch content, and sapwood parenchyma and fiber area in 30 species of southern California chaparral shrubs (evergreen and deciduous). RESULTS We found that species storing greater starch within their xylem tended to avoid dehydration and were less cavitation resistant, and this was supported by phylogenetic independent contrasts. Greater sapwood starch was associated with greater parenchyma area and reduced fiber area. For species without living fibers, the associations with parenchyma were stronger, suggesting that living fibers may expand starch storage capacity while also contributing to the support function of the vascular tissue. Drought-deciduous species were associated with greater dehydration avoidance than evergreens. CONCLUSIONS Evolutionary forces have led to an association between starch storage and dehydration resistance as part of an adaptive suite of traits. We found evidence for a tradeoff between tissue mechanical traits and starch storage; moreover, the evolution of novel strategies, such as starch-storing living fibers, may mitigate the strength of this tradeoff.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brandon Pratt
- California State University, Bakersfield, Department of Biology, Bakersfield, California, 93311, USA
| | - Michael F Tobin
- University of Houston-Downtown, Department of Natural Sciences, One Main Street, Houston, Texas, 77002, USA
| | - Anna L Jacobsen
- California State University, Bakersfield, Department of Biology, Bakersfield, California, 93311, USA
| | - Courtney A Traugh
- California State University, Bakersfield, Department of Biology, Bakersfield, California, 93311, USA
| | - Mark E De Guzman
- California State University, Bakersfield, Department of Biology, Bakersfield, California, 93311, USA
| | - Christine C Hayes
- California State University, Bakersfield, Department of Biology, Bakersfield, California, 93311, USA
| | - Hayden S Toschi
- California State University, Bakersfield, Department of Biology, Bakersfield, California, 93311, USA
| | - Evan D MacKinnon
- California State University, Bakersfield, Department of Biology, Bakersfield, California, 93311, USA
| | - Marta I Percolla
- California State University, Bakersfield, Department of Biology, Bakersfield, California, 93311, USA
| | - Michael E Clem
- California State University, Bakersfield, Department of Biology, Bakersfield, California, 93311, USA
| | - Paul T Smith
- California State University, Bakersfield, Department of Biology, Bakersfield, California, 93311, USA
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Ramirez AR, De Guzman ME, Dawson TE, Ackerly DD. Plant hydraulic traits reveal islands as refugia from worsening drought. Conserv Physiol 2020; 8:coz115. [PMID: 32015878 PMCID: PMC6988607 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Relatively mesic environments within arid regions may be important conservation targets as 'climate change refugia' for species persistence in the face of worsening drought conditions. Semi-arid southern California and the relatively mesic environments of California's Channel Islands provide a model system for examining drought responses of plants in potential climate change refugia. Most methods for detecting refugia are focused on 'exposure' of organisms to certain abiotic conditions, which fail to assess how local adaptation or acclimation of plant traits (i.e. 'sensitivity') contribute to or offset the benefits of reduced exposure. Here, we use a comparative plant hydraulics approach to characterize the vulnerability of plants to drought, providing a framework for identifying the locations and trait patterns that underlie functioning climate change refugia. Seasonal water relations, xylem hydraulic traits and remotely sensed vegetation indices of matched island and mainland field sites were used to compare the response of native plants from contrasting island and mainland sites to hotter droughts in the early 21st century. Island plants experienced more favorable water relations and resilience to recent drought. However, island plants displayed low plasticity/adaptation of hydraulic traits to local conditions, which indicates that relatively conserved traits of island plants underlie greater hydraulic safety and localized buffering from regional drought conditions. Our results provide an explanation for how California's Channel Islands function as a regional climate refugia during past and current climate change and demonstrate a physiology-based approach for detecting potential climate change refugia in other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Ramirez
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, 3040 Valley Life Sciences Building #3140 Berkeley CA 94720-3200, USA
- Department of Biology & Environmental Studies, Reed College, Portland, 33203 Southeast Woodstock Blvd., Portland, Oregon 97202-8199, USA
- Corresponding author: Department of Biology & Environmental Studies, Reed College, Portland, 33203 Southeast Woodstock Blvd., Portland, Oregon 97202-8199, USA. Tel: +(503) 517-4101.
| | - Mark E De Guzman
- Department of Biology & Environmental Studies, Reed College, Portland, 33203 Southeast Woodstock Blvd., Portland, Oregon 97202-8199, USA
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside CA 92521, USA
| | - Todd E Dawson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, 3040 Valley Life Sciences Building #3140 Berkeley CA 94720-3200, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
| | - David D Ackerly
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, 3040 Valley Life Sciences Building #3140 Berkeley CA 94720-3200, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
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Santiago LS, De Guzman ME, Baraloto C, Vogenberg JE, Brodie M, Hérault B, Fortunel C, Bonal D. Coordination and trade-offs among hydraulic safety, efficiency and drought avoidance traits in Amazonian rainforest canopy tree species. New Phytol 2018; 218:1015-1024. [PMID: 29457226 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Predicting responses of tropical forests to climate change-type drought is challenging because of high species diversity. Detailed characterization of tropical tree hydraulic physiology is necessary to evaluate community drought vulnerability and improve model parameterization. Here, we measured xylem hydraulic conductivity (hydraulic efficiency), xylem vulnerability curves (hydraulic safety), sapwood pressure-volume curves (drought avoidance) and wood density on emergent branches of 14 common species of Eastern Amazonian canopy trees in Paracou, French Guiana across species with the densest and lightest wood in the plot. Our objectives were to evaluate relationships among hydraulic traits to identify strategies and test the ability of easy-to-measure traits as proxies for hard-to-measure hydraulic traits. Xylem efficiency was related to capacitance, sapwood water content and turgor loss point, and other drought avoidance traits, but not to xylem safety (P50 ). Wood density was correlated (r = -0.57 to -0.97) with sapwood pressure-volume traits, forming an axis of hydraulic strategy variation. In contrast to drier sites where hydraulic safety plays a greater role, tropical trees in this humid tropical site varied along an axis with low wood density, high xylem efficiency and high capacitance at one end of the spectrum, and high wood density and low turgor loss point at the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis S Santiago
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, 2150 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panamá, Republic of Panamá
| | - Mark E De Guzman
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, 2150 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Christopher Baraloto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jacob E Vogenberg
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, 2150 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Max Brodie
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, 2150 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Bruno Hérault
- CIRAD, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Kourou, 97379, France
| | - Claire Fortunel
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Damien Bonal
- INRA, UMR Silva, AgroParisTech, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
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De Guzman ME, Santiago LS, Schnitzer SA, Álvarez-Cansino L. Trade-offs between water transport capacity and drought resistance in neotropical canopy liana and tree species. Tree Physiol 2017; 37:1404-1414. [PMID: 27672189 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In tropical forest canopies, it is critical for upper shoots to efficiently provide water to leaves for physiological function while safely preventing loss of hydraulic conductivity due to cavitation during periods of soil water deficit or high evaporative demand. We compared hydraulic physiology of upper canopy trees and lianas in a seasonally dry tropical forest to test whether trade-offs between safety and efficiency of water transport shape differences in hydraulic function between these two major tropical woody growth forms. We found that lianas showed greater maximum stem-specific hydraulic conductivity than trees, but lost hydraulic conductivity at less negative water potentials than trees, resulting in a negative correlation and trade-off between safety and efficiency of water transport. Lianas also exhibited greater diurnal changes in leaf water potential than trees. The magnitude of diurnal water potential change was negatively correlated with sapwood capacitance, indicating that lianas are highly reliant on conducting capability to maintain leaf water status, whereas trees relied more on stored water in stems to maintain leaf water status. Leaf nitrogen concentration was related to maximum leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity only for lianas suggesting that greater water transport capacity is more tied to leaf processes in lianas compared to trees. Our results are consistent with a trade-off between safety and efficiency of water transport and may have implications for increasing liana abundance in neotropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E De Guzman
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Louis S Santiago
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-0392, Balboa, Panamá
| | - Stefan A Schnitzer
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-0392, Balboa, Panamá
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Leonor Álvarez-Cansino
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-0392, Balboa, Panamá
- Department of Plant Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Pivovaroff AL, Pasquini SC, De Guzman ME, Alstad KP, Stemke JS, Santiago LS. Multiple strategies for drought survival among woody plant species. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria L. Pivovaroff
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences University of California 2150 Batchelor Hall Riverside CA 92521‐0124 USA
| | - Sarah C. Pasquini
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences University of California 2150 Batchelor Hall Riverside CA 92521‐0124 USA
| | - Mark E. De Guzman
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences University of California 2150 Batchelor Hall Riverside CA 92521‐0124 USA
| | - Karrin P. Alstad
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences University of California 2150 Batchelor Hall Riverside CA 92521‐0124 USA
| | - Jenessa S. Stemke
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences University of California 2150 Batchelor Hall Riverside CA 92521‐0124 USA
| | - Louis S. Santiago
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences University of California 2150 Batchelor Hall Riverside CA 92521‐0124 USA
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