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van der Linde IHM, Hiemstra YL, Bökenkamp R, van Mil AM, Breuning MH, Ruivenkamp C, Ten Broeke SW, Veldkamp RF, van Waning JI, van Slegtenhorst MA, van Spaendonck-Zwarts KY, Lekanne Deprez RH, Herkert JC, Boven L, van der Zwaag PA, Jongbloed JDH, Bootsma M, Barge-Schaapveld DQCM. A Dutch MYH7 founder mutation, p.(Asn1918Lys), is associated with early onset cardiomyopathy and congenital heart defects. Neth Heart J 2017; 25:675-681. [PMID: 28864942 PMCID: PMC5691818 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-017-1037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in the myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) gene commonly cause cardiomyopathy but are less frequently associated with congenital heart defects. Methods In this study, we describe a mutation in the MYH7 gene, c. 5754C > G; p. (Asn1918Lys), present in 15 probands and 65 family members. Results Of the 80 carriers (age range 0–88 years), 46 (57.5%) had cardiomyopathy (mainly dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)) and seven (8.8%) had a congenital heart defect. Childhood onset of cardiomyopathy was present in almost 10% of carriers. However, in only a slight majority (53.7%) was the left ventricular ejection fraction reduced and almost no arrhythmias or conduction disorders were noted. Moreover, only one carrier required heart transplantation and nine (11.3%) an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. In addition, the standardised mortality ratio for MYH7 carriers was not significantly increased. Whole exome sequencing in several cases with paediatric onset of DCM and one with isolated congenital heart defects did not reveal additional known disease-causing variants. Haplotype analysis suggests that the MYH7 variant is a founder mutation, and is therefore the first Dutch founder mutation identified in the MYH7 gene. The mutation appears to have originated in the western region of the province of South Holland between 500 and 900 years ago. Conclusion Clinically, the p. (Asn1918Lys) mutation is associated with congenital heart defects and/or cardiomyopathy at young age but with a relatively benign course. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12471-017-1037-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H M van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Y L Hiemstra
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R Bökenkamp
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A M van Mil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M H Breuning
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C Ruivenkamp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S W Ten Broeke
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R F Veldkamp
- Department of Cardiology, Haaglanden Medical Centre, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - J I van Waning
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M A van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - R H Lekanne Deprez
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J C Herkert
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Boven
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P A van der Zwaag
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J D H Jongbloed
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Bootsma
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Vasen HFA, Velthuizen ME, Kleibeuker JH, Menko FH, Nagengast FM, Cats A, van der Meulen-de Jong AE, Breuning MH, Roukema AJ, van Leeuwen-Cornelisse I, de Vos Tot Nederveen Cappel WH, Wijnen JT. Hereditary cancer registries improve the care of patients with a genetic predisposition to cancer: contributions from the Dutch Lynch syndrome registry. Fam Cancer 2017; 15:429-35. [PMID: 26973060 PMCID: PMC4901115 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-016-9897-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Dutch Hereditary Cancer Registry was established in 1985 with the support of the Ministry of Health (VWS). The aims of the registry are: (1) to promote the identification of families with hereditary cancer, (2) to encourage the participation in surveillance programs of individuals at high risk, (3) to ensure the continuity of lifelong surveillance examinations, and (4) to promote research, in particular the improvement of surveillance protocols. During its early days the registry provided assistance with family investigations and the collection of medical data, and recommended surveillance when a family fulfilled specific diagnostic criteria. Since 2000 the registry has focused on family follow-up, and ensuring the quality of surveillance programs and appropriate clinical management. Since its founding, the registry has identified over 10,000 high-risk individuals with a diverse array of hereditary cancer syndromes. All were encouraged to participate in prevention programmes. The registry has published a number of studies that evaluated the outcome of surveillance protocols for colorectal cancer (CRC) in Lynch syndrome, as well as in familial colorectal cancer. In 2006, evaluation of the effect of registration and colonoscopic surveillance on the mortality rate associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) showed that the policy led to a substantial decrease in the mortality rate associated with CRC. Following discovery of MMR gene defects, the first predictive model that could select families for genetic testing was published by the Leiden group. In addition, over the years the registry has produced many cancer risk studies that have helped to develop appropriate surveillance protocols. Hereditary cancer registries in general, and the Lynch syndrome registry in particular, play an important role in improving the clinical management of affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans F A Vasen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Hereditary Cancer Registry, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Mary E Velthuizen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H Kleibeuker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fred H Menko
- Cancer Family Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fokke M Nagengast
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Slingerland Ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Cats
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea E van der Meulen-de Jong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn H Breuning
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne J Roukema
- Department of Surgery, Elizabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Juul T Wijnen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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3
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Pierrache LHM, Kimchi A, Ratnapriya R, Roberts L, Astuti GDN, Obolensky A, Beryozkin A, Tjon-Fo-Sang MJH, Schuil J, Klaver CCW, Bongers EMHF, Haer-Wigman L, Schalij N, Breuning MH, Fischer GM, Banin E, Ramesar RS, Swaroop A, van den Born LI, Sharon D, Cremers FPM. Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Biallelic IDH3A Variants as a Cause of Retinitis Pigmentosa Accompanied by Pseudocoloboma. Ophthalmology 2017; 124:992-1003. [PMID: 28412069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the genetic cause of and describe the phenotype in 4 families with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP) that can be associated with pseudocoloboma. DESIGN Case series. PARTICIPANTS Seven patients from 4 unrelated families with arRP, among whom 3 patients had bilateral early-onset macular pseudocoloboma. METHODS We performed homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing in 5 probands and 2 unaffected family members from 4 unrelated families. Subsequently, Sanger sequencing and segregation analysis were performed in additional family members. We reviewed the medical history of individuals carrying IDH3A variants and performed additional ophthalmic examinations, including full-field electroretinography, fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence imaging, and optical coherence tomography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES IDH3A variants, age at diagnosis, visual acuity, fundus appearance, visual field, and full-field electroretinography, fundus autofluorescence, and optical coherence tomography findings. RESULTS We identified 7 different variants in IDH3A in 4 unrelated families, that is, 5 missense, 1 nonsense, and 1 frameshift variant. All participants showed symptoms early in life, ranging from night blindness to decreased visual acuity, and were diagnosed between the ages of 1 and 11 years. Four participants with biallelic IDH3A variants displayed a typical arRP phenotype and 3 participants were diagnosed with arRP and pseudocoloboma of the macula. CONCLUSIONS IDH3A variants were identified as a novel cause of typical arRP in some individuals associated with macular pseudocoloboma. We observed both phenotypes in 2 siblings carrying the same compound heterozygous variants, which could be explained by variable disease expression and warrants caution when making assertions about genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence H M Pierrache
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adva Kimchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rinki Ratnapriya
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lisa Roberts
- UCT/MRC Human Genetics Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Galuh D N Astuti
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Division of Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Alexey Obolensky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avigail Beryozkin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Jose Schuil
- Bartiméus Institute for the Visually Impaired, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ernie M H F Bongers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lonneke Haer-Wigman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicoline Schalij
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn H Breuning
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gratia M Fischer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University (SMU), Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Eyal Banin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Raj S Ramesar
- UCT/MRC Human Genetics Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - L Ingeborgh van den Born
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dror Sharon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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4
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Haer-Wigman L, van Zelst-Stams WA, Pfundt R, van den Born LI, Klaver CC, Verheij JB, Hoyng CB, Breuning MH, Boon CJ, Kievit AJ, Verhoeven VJ, Pott JW, Sallevelt SC, van Hagen JM, Plomp AS, Kroes HY, Lelieveld SH, Hehir-Kwa JY, Castelein S, Nelen M, Scheffer H, Lugtenberg D, Cremers FP, Hoefsloot L, Yntema HG. Diagnostic exome sequencing in 266 Dutch patients with visual impairment. Eur J Hum Genet 2017; 25:591-599. [PMID: 28224992 PMCID: PMC5437915 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2017.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited eye disorders have a large clinical and genetic heterogeneity, which makes genetic diagnosis cumbersome. An exome-sequencing approach was developed in which data analysis was divided into two steps: the vision gene panel and exome analysis. In the vision gene panel analysis, variants in genes known to cause inherited eye disorders were assessed for pathogenicity. If no causative variants were detected and when the patient consented, the entire exome data was analyzed. A total of 266 Dutch patients with different types of inherited eye disorders, including inherited retinal dystrophies, cataract, developmental eye disorders and optic atrophy, were investigated. In the vision gene panel analysis (likely), causative variants were detected in 49% and in the exome analysis in an additional 2% of the patients. The highest detection rate of (likely) causative variants was in patients with inherited retinal dystrophies, for instance a yield of 63% in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. In patients with developmental eye defects, cataract and optic atrophy, the detection rate was 50, 33 and 17%, respectively. An exome-sequencing approach enables a genetic diagnosis in patients with different types of inherited eye disorders using one test. The exome approach has the same detection rate as targeted panel sequencing tests, but offers a number of advantages. For instance, the vision gene panel can be frequently and easily updated with additional (novel) eye disorder genes. Determination of the genetic diagnosis improved the clinical diagnosis, regarding the assessment of the inheritance pattern as well as future disease perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonneke Haer-Wigman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Caroline Cw Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joke Bgm Verheij
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn H Breuning
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Camiel Jf Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke J Kievit
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Virginie Jm Verhoeven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Wr Pott
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Ceh Sallevelt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M van Hagen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid S Plomp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hester Y Kroes
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan H Lelieveld
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jayne Y Hehir-Kwa
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Castelein
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Nelen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Scheffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien Lugtenberg
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans Pm Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lies Hoefsloot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helger G Yntema
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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5
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Leonhard WN, Kunnen SJ, Plugge AJ, Pasternack A, Jianu SBT, Veraar K, El Bouazzaoui F, Hoogaars WMH, Ten Dijke P, Breuning MH, De Heer E, Ritvos O, Peters DJM. Inhibition of Activin Signaling Slows Progression of Polycystic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:3589-3599. [PMID: 27020852 PMCID: PMC5118473 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015030287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), characterized by the formation of numerous kidney cysts, is caused by PKD1 or PKD2 mutations and affects 0.1% of the population. Although recent clinical studies indicate that reduction of cAMP levels slows progression of PKD, this finding has not led to an established safe and effective therapy for patients, indicating the need to find new therapeutic targets. The role of TGF-β in PKD is not clearly understood, but nuclear accumulation of phosphorylated SMAD2/3 in cyst-lining cells suggests the involvement of TGF-β signaling in this disease. In this study, we ablated the TGF-β type 1 receptor (also termed activin receptor-like kinase 5) in renal epithelial cells of PKD mice, which had little to no effect on the expression of SMAD2/3 target genes or the progression of PKD. Therefore, we investigated whether alternative TGF-β superfamily ligands account for SMAD2/3 activation in cystic epithelial cells. Activins are members of the TGF-β superfamily and drive SMAD2/3 phosphorylation via activin receptors, but activins have not been studied in the context of PKD. Mice with PKD had increased expression of activin ligands, even at early stages of disease. In addition, treatment with a soluble activin receptor IIB fusion (sActRIIB-Fc) protein, which acts as a soluble trap to sequester activin ligands, effectively inhibited cyst formation in three distinct mouse models of PKD. These data point to activin signaling as a key pathway in PKD and a promising target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Arja Pasternack
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and
| | | | | | | | - Willem M H Hoogaars
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavior and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Molecular Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands at the Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and
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6
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Hoekstra AS, de Graaff MA, Briaire-de Bruijn IH, Ras C, Seifar RM, van Minderhout I, Cornelisse CJ, Hogendoorn PCW, Breuning MH, Suijker J, Korpershoek E, Kunst HPM, Frizzell N, Devilee P, Bayley JP, Bovée JVMG. Inactivation of SDH and FH cause loss of 5hmC and increased H3K9me3 in paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma and smooth muscle tumors. Oncotarget 2016; 6:38777-88. [PMID: 26472283 PMCID: PMC4770736 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and fumarate hydratase (FH) are tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes and tumor suppressors. Loss-of-function mutations give rise to hereditary paragangliomas/pheochromocytomas and hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma. Inactivation of SDH and FH results in an abnormal accumulation of their substrates succinate and fumarate, leading to inhibition of numerous α-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenases, including histone demethylases and the ten-eleven-translocation (TET) family of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) hydroxylases. To evaluate the distribution of DNA and histone methylation, we used immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression of 5mC, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), TET1, H3K4me3, H3K9me3, and H3K27me3 on tissue microarrays containing paragangliomas/pheochromocytomas (n = 134) and hereditary and sporadic smooth muscle tumors (n = 56) in comparison to their normal counterparts. Our results demonstrate distinct loss of 5hmC in tumor cells in SDH- and FH-deficient tumors. Loss of 5hmC in SDH-deficient tumors was associated with nuclear exclusion of TET1, a known regulator of 5hmC levels. Moreover, increased methylation of H3K9me3 occurred predominantly in the chief cell component of SDH mutant tumors, while no changes were seen in H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, data supported by in vitro knockdown of SDH genes. We also show for the first time that FH-deficient smooth muscle tumors exhibit increased H3K9me3 methylation compared to wildtype tumors. Our findings reveal broadly similar patterns of epigenetic deregulation in both FH- and SDH-deficient tumors, suggesting that defects in genes of the TCA cycle result in common mechanisms of inhibition of histone and DNA demethylases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attje S Hoekstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke A de Graaff
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cor Ras
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Reza Maleki Seifar
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne van Minderhout
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J Cornelisse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martijn H Breuning
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johnny Suijker
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Korpershoek
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus P M Kunst
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Norma Frizzell
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Pierre Bayley
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Judith V M G Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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7
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de Vor IC, van der Meulen PM, Bekker V, Verhard EM, Breuning MH, Harnisch E, van Tol MJD, Wieringa JW, van de Vosse E, Bredius RGM. Deletion of the entire interferon-γ receptor 1 gene causing complete deficiency in three related patients. J Clin Immunol 2016; 36:195-203. [PMID: 26931784 PMCID: PMC4792359 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-016-0244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Complete interferon-γ receptor 1 (IFN-γR1) deficiency is a primary immunodeficiency causing predisposition to severe infection due to intracellular pathogens. Only 36 cases have been reported worldwide. The purpose of this article is to describe a large novel deletion found in 3 related cases, which resulted in the complete removal of the IFNGR1 gene. METHODS Whole blood from three patients was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IFN-γ to determine production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-12 p40 (IL-12p40) and IL-10. Expression of IFN-γR1 on the cell membrane of patients' monocytes was assessed using flow cytometry. IFNGR1 transcript was analyzed in RNA and the gene and adjacent regions were analyzed in DNA. Finally, IL22RA2 transcript levels were analyzed in whole blood cells and dendritic cells. RESULTS There was no expression of the IFN-γR1 on the monocytes. Consistent with this finding, there was no IFN-γ response in the whole blood assay as measured by effect on LPS-induced IL-12p40, TNF and IL-10 production. A 119.227 nt homozygous deletion on chromosome 6q23.3 was identified, removing the IFNGR1 gene completely and ending 117 nt upstream of the transcription start of the IL22RA2 gene. Transcript levels of IL22RA2 were similar in patient and control. CONCLUSIONS We identified the first large genomic deletion of IFNGR1 causing complete IFN-γR1 deficiency. Despite the deletion ending very close to the IL22RA2 gene, it does not appear to affect IL22RA2 transcription and, therefore, may not have any additional clinical consequence.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Blood Cells/drug effects
- Blood Cells/immunology
- Blood Cells/pathology
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/pathology
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Homozygote
- Humans
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/genetics
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/immunology
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/physiopathology
- Infant
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Interleukin-12 Subunit p40/genetics
- Interleukin-12 Subunit p40/immunology
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Opportunistic Infections/genetics
- Opportunistic Infections/immunology
- Opportunistic Infections/physiopathology
- Pedigree
- Primary Cell Culture
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- Receptors, Interferon/deficiency
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Receptors, Interferon/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin/immunology
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Transcription, Genetic
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge C de Vor
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pomme M van der Meulen
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Center Haaglanden, Lijnbaan 32, 2512 VA, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Bekker
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Els M Verhard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn H Breuning
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Harnisch
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Center Haaglanden, Lijnbaan 32, 2512 VA, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten J D van Tol
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jantien W Wieringa
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Center Haaglanden, Lijnbaan 32, 2512 VA, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Esther van de Vosse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert G M Bredius
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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8
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Cnossen WR, te Morsche RHM, Hoischen A, Gilissen C, Venselaar H, Mehdi S, Bergmann C, Losekoot M, Breuning MH, Peters DJM, Veltman JA, Drenth JPH. LRP5 variants may contribute to ADPKD. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 24:237-42. [PMID: 25920554 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Polycystic Kidney Disease proteins (PKD1 or PKD2) are causative for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). However, a small subset of ADPKD probands do not harbor a mutation in any of the known genes. Low density lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein 5 (LRP5) was recently associated with hepatic cystogenesis in isolated polycystic liver disease (PCLD). Here, we demonstrate that this gene may also have a role in unlinked and sporadic ADPKD patients. In a cohort of 79 unrelated patients with adult-onset ADPKD, we identified a total of four different LRP5 variants that were predicted to be pathogenic by in silico tools. One ADPKD patient has a positive family history for ADPKD and variant LRP5 c.1680G>T; p.(Trp560Cys) segregated with the disease. Although also two PKD1 variants probably affecting protein function were identified, luciferase activity assays presented for three LRP5 variants significant decreased signal activation of canonical Wnt signaling. This study contributes to the genetic spectrum of ADPKD. Introduction of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway provides new avenues for the study of the pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wybrich R Cnossen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute for Genetic & Metabolic Disease (IGMD), Radboud Institute for Molecular LifeSciences (RIMLS), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - René H M te Morsche
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute for Genetic & Metabolic Disease (IGMD), Radboud Institute for Molecular LifeSciences (RIMLS), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute for Genetic & Metabolic Disease (IGMD), Radboud Institute for Molecular LifeSciences (RIMLS), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute for Genetic & Metabolic Disease (IGMD), Radboud Institute for Molecular LifeSciences (RIMLS), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hanka Venselaar
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Institute for Genetic & Metabolic Disease (IGMD), Radboud Institute for Molecular LifeSciences (RIMLS), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Soufi Mehdi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Oncological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Mohammed First, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Carsten Bergmann
- Center for Human Genetics, Bioscientia, Ingelheim, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Monique Losekoot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn H Breuning
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien J M Peters
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joris A Veltman
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute for Genetic & Metabolic Disease (IGMD), Radboud Institute for Molecular LifeSciences (RIMLS), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P H Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute for Genetic & Metabolic Disease (IGMD), Radboud Institute for Molecular LifeSciences (RIMLS), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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9
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Florijn KW, van Saase JL, Breuning MH, Chang PC. Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease and hypertension: a review. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 97:71-92. [PMID: 1386018 DOI: 10.1159/000421646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K W Florijn
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
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10
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van der Tuin K, Hannema SE, Houdijk ECAMM, Losekoot M, de Koning EJP, Breuning MH. [Maturity-onset diabetes of the young]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2015; 159:A9247. [PMID: 26374728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is the most common type of monogenic diabetes mellitus, estimated to account for approximately 1-4% of patients with diabetes. The predicted prevalence is, therefore, 20,000 patients in The Netherlands. Unfortunately less than 5% of these patients are confirmed by molecular genetic analysis. MODY is a clinically heterogeneous group of disorders caused by β-cell dysfunction, which is caused by mutations in multiple genes. MODY is characterized by an early onset of diabetes (often before the age of 30 years) and autosomal dominant inheritance. Patients do not usually require insulin at diagnosis. To emphasize the importance of genetic analysis we describe a 7-year-old boy and his siblings with MODY type 2. Molecular genetic testing is essential for individual patient care, as treatment options differ between the various forms of MODY; it also provides an opportunity to screen relatives.
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11
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Abstract
The fact that techniques of prenatal diagnosis are used in India and China to selectively eliminate females is widely known. It has been extensively reported in the international media and in scientific publications since the 1990s. The publication of the Census of India 2011 shows that the ratio of girls to boys below the age of 6 years continues to decline at an alarming rate. Following that publication, this topic has again received international attention. The aim of this article is to better inform the human genetics community of the magnitude of this practice and its consequences in India.In this overview, we examine the impact of prenatal technology on the sex ratio in India. We present facts and figures from the Census of India and other publications that show that the practice is wide spread throughout India, in urban and rural areas, among the rich and the poor, and among the educated and the illiterate. We also briefly discuss the possible causes, consequences, and solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Madan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn H. Breuning
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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12
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Wit JM, van Duyvenvoorde HA, van Klinken JB, Caliebe J, Bosch CA, Lui JC, Gijsbers AC, Bakker E, Breuning MH, Oostdijk W, Losekoot M, Baron J, Binder G, Ranke MB, Ruivenkamp CA. Copy number variants in short children born small for gestational age. Horm Res Paediatr 2014; 82:310-8. [PMID: 25300501 PMCID: PMC4236248 DOI: 10.1159/000367712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In addition to genome-wide association studies (GWAS), height-associated genes may be uncovered by studying individuals with extreme short or tall stature. METHODS Genome-wide analysis for copy number variants (CNVs), using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, was performed in 49 index cases born small for gestational age with persistent short stature. Segregation analysis was performed, and genes in CNVs were compared with information from GWAS, gene expression in rodents' growth plates, and published information. RESULTS CNVs were detected in 13 cases. In 5 children a known cause of short stature was found: UPD7, UPD14, a duplication of the SHOX enhancer region, an IGF1R deletion, and a 22q11.21 deletion. In the remaining 8 cases, potential pathogenic CNVs were detected, either de novo (n = 1), segregating (n = 2), or not segregating with short stature (n = 5). Bioinformatic analysis of the de novo and segregating CNVs suggested that HOXD4, AGPS, PDE11A, OSBPL6, PRKRA and PLEKHA3, and possibly DGKB and TNFRSF11B are potential candidate genes. A SERPINA7 or NRK defect may be associated with an X-linked form of short stature. CONCLUSION SNP arrays detected 5 known causes of short stature with prenatal onset and suggested several potential candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M. Wit
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan B. van Klinken
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Janina Caliebe
- Paediatric Endocrinology Section, Children’s Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cathy A.J. Bosch
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Julian C. Lui
- Section on Growth and Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Antoinet C.J. Gijsbers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert Bakker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn H. Breuning
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma Oostdijk
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Losekoot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Baron
- Section on Growth and Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gerhard Binder
- Paediatric Endocrinology Section, Children’s Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael B. Ranke
- Paediatric Endocrinology Section, Children’s Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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13
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Joustra SD, Schoenmakers N, Persani L, Campi I, Bonomi M, Radetti G, Beck-Peccoz P, Zhu H, Davis TME, Sun Y, Corssmit EP, Appelman-Dijkstra NM, Heinen CA, Pereira AM, Varewijck AJ, Janssen JAMJL, Endert E, Hennekam RC, Lombardi MP, Mannens MMAM, Bak B, Bernard DJ, Breuning MH, Chatterjee K, Dattani MT, Oostdijk W, Biermasz NR, Wit JM, van Trotsenburg ASP. The IGSF1 deficiency syndrome: characteristics of male and female patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:4942-52. [PMID: 24108313 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-2743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ig superfamily member 1 (IGSF1) deficiency was recently discovered as a novel X-linked cause of central hypothyroidism (CeH) and macro-orchidism. However, clinical and biochemical data regarding growth, puberty, and metabolic outcome, as well as features of female carriers, are scarce. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate clinical and biochemical characteristics associated with IGSF1 deficiency in both sexes. METHODS All patients (n = 42, 24 males) from 10 families examined in the university clinics of Leiden, Amsterdam, Cambridge, and Milan were included in this case series. Detailed clinical data were collected with an identical protocol, and biochemical measurements were performed in a central laboratory. RESULTS Male patients (age 0-87 years, 17 index cases and 7 from family studies) showed CeH (100%), hypoprolactinemia (n = 16, 67%), and transient partial GH deficiency (n = 3, 13%). Pubertal testosterone production was delayed, as were the growth spurt and pubic hair development. However, testicular growth started at a normal age and attained macro-orchid size in all evaluable adults. Body mass index, percent fat, and waist circumference tended to be elevated. The metabolic syndrome was present in 4 of 5 patients over 55 years of age. Heterozygous female carriers (age 32-80 years) showed CeH in 6 of 18 cases (33%), hypoprolactinemia in 2 (11%), and GH deficiency in none. As in men, body mass index, percent fat, and waist circumference were relatively high, and the metabolic syndrome was present in 3 cases. CONCLUSION In male patients, the X-linked IGSF1 deficiency syndrome is characterized by CeH, hypoprolactinemia, delayed puberty, macro-orchidism, and increased body weight. A subset of female carriers also exhibits CeH.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Joustra
- MD, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism C7-Q, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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14
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Santen GWE, Aten E, Vulto-van Silfhout AT, Pottinger C, van Bon BWM, van Minderhout IJHM, Snowdowne R, van der Lans CAC, Boogaard M, Linssen MML, Vijfhuizen L, van der Wielen MJR, Vollebregt MJE, Breuning MH, Kriek M, van Haeringen A, den Dunnen JT, Hoischen A, Clayton-Smith J, de Vries BBA, Hennekam RCM, van Belzen MJ. Coffin-Siris syndrome and the BAF complex: genotype-phenotype study in 63 patients. Hum Mutat 2013; 34:1519-28. [PMID: 23929686 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
De novo germline variants in several components of the SWI/SNF-like BAF complex can cause Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS), Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome (NCBRS), and nonsyndromic intellectual disability. We screened 63 patients with a clinical diagnosis of CSS for these genes (ARID1A, ARID1B, SMARCA2, SMARCA4, SMARCB1, and SMARCE1) and identified pathogenic variants in 45 (71%) patients. We found a high proportion of variants in ARID1B (68%). All four pathogenic variants in ARID1A appeared to be mosaic. By using all variants from the Exome Variant Server as test data, we were able to classify variants in ARID1A, ARID1B, and SMARCB1 reliably as being pathogenic or nonpathogenic. For SMARCA2, SMARCA4, and SMARCE1 several variants in the EVS remained unclassified, underlining the importance of parental testing. We have entered all variant and clinical information in LOVD-powered databases to facilitate further genotype-phenotype correlations, as these will become increasingly important because of the uptake of targeted and untargeted next generation sequencing in diagnostics. The emerging phenotype-genotype correlation is that SMARCB1 patients have the most marked physical phenotype and severe cognitive and growth delay. The variability in phenotype seems most marked in ARID1A and ARID1B patients. Distal limbs anomalies are most marked in ARID1A patients and least in SMARCB1 patients. Numbers are small however, and larger series are needed to confirm this correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs W E Santen
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Nielsen M, Vermont CL, Aten E, Ruivenkamp CAL, van Herrewegen F, Santen GWE, Breuning MH. Deletion of the 3q26 region including the EVI1 and MDS1 genes in a neonate with congenital thrombocytopenia and subsequent aplastic anaemia. J Med Genet 2013; 49:598-600. [PMID: 22972950 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-100990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene-targeting studies in mice have revealed a key role for EVI1 protein in the maintenance of haematopoiesis, and argue in favour of a gene dosage requirement for EVI1 in the regulation of haematopoietic stem cells. Furthermore, a fusion transcript of MDS1 and EVI1 has been shown to play a critical role in maintaining long-term haematopoietic stem cell function. Inappropriate activation of EVI1, usually due to a translocation, is a well known and unfavourable change in several myeloid malignancies. It is not known whether haploinsufficiency of any of these genes leads to disease in humans. METHODS SNP array analysis in a patient with in a neonate with congenital thrombocytopenia and subsequent aplastic anaemia RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We report for the first time a constitutional deletion encompassing the EVI1 and MDS1 genes in a human, and argue that the deletion causes congenital bone marrow failure in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje Nielsen
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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16
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Almomani R, Sun Y, Aten E, Hilhorst-Hofstee Y, Peeters-Scholte CM, van Haeringen A, Hendriks YM, den Dunnen JT, Breuning MH, Kriek M, Santen GW. GPSM2and Chudley-McCullough Syndrome: A Dutch Founder Variant Brought to North America. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:973-6. [PMID: 23494849 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rowida Almomani
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | - Yu Sun
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | - Emmelien Aten
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Hilhorst-Hofstee
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | | | - Arie van Haeringen
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M.C. Hendriks
- Department of Clinical Genetics; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | | | - Martijn H. Breuning
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Kriek
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | - Gijs W.E. Santen
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; The Netherlands
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17
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Sun Y, Almomani R, Breedveld GJ, Santen GWE, Aten E, Lefeber DJ, Hoff JI, Brusse E, Verheijen FW, Verdijk RM, Kriek M, Oostra B, Breuning MH, Losekoot M, den Dunnen JT, van de Warrenburg BP, Maat-Kievit AJA. Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 7 (SCAR7) is caused by variants in TPP1, the gene involved in classic late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 2 disease (CLN2 disease). Hum Mutat 2013; 34:706-13. [PMID: 23418007 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias are phenotypically, neuropathologically, and genetically heterogeneous. The locus of autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCAR7) was previously linked to chromosome band 11p15. We have identified TPP1 as the causative gene for SCAR7 by exome sequencing. A missense and a splice site variant in TPP1, cosegregating with the disease, were found in a previously described SCAR7 family and also in another patient with a SCAR7 phenotype. TPP1, encoding the tripeptidyl-peptidase 1 enzyme, is known as the causative gene for late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis disease 2 (CLN2 disease). CLN2 disease is characterized by epilepsy, loss of vision, ataxia, and a rapidly progressive course, leading to early death. SCAR7 patients showed ataxia and low activity of tripeptidyl-peptidase 1, but no ophthalmologic abnormalities or epilepsy. Also, the slowly progressive evolution of the disease until old age and absence of ultra structural curvilinear profiles is different from the known CLN2 phenotypes. Our findings now expand the phenotypes related to TPP1-variants to SCAR7. In spite of the limited sample size and measurements, a putative genotype-phenotype correlation may be drawn: we hypothesize that loss of function variants abolishing TPP1 enzyme activity lead to CLN2 disease, whereas variants that diminish TPP1 enzyme activity lead to SCAR7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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18
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Happé H, van der Wal AM, Salvatori DCF, Leonhard WN, Breuning MH, de Heer E, Peters DJM. Cyst expansion and regression in a mouse model of polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2013; 83:1099-108. [PMID: 23466997 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease is characterized by progressive cyst formation and fibrosis in the kidneys. Here we describe an orthologous Pkd1(nl,nl) mouse model, with reduced expression of the normal Pkd1 transcript, on a fixed genetic background of equal parts C57Bl/6 and 129Ola/Hsd mice (B6Ola-Pkd1(nl,nl)). In these mice, the first cysts develop from mature proximal tubules around birth. Subsequently, larger cysts become visible at day 7, followed by distal tubule and collecting duct cyst formation, and progressive cystic enlargement to develop into large cystic kidneys within 4 weeks. Interestingly, cyst expansion was followed by renal volume regression due to cyst collapse. This was accompanied by focal formation of fibrotic areas, an increased expression of genes involved in matrix remodeling and subsequently an increase in infiltrating immune cells. After an initial increase in blood urea within the first 4 weeks, renal function remained stable over time and the mice were able to survive up to a year. Also, in kidneys of ADPKD patients collapsed cysts were observed, in addition to massive fibrosis and immune infiltrates. Thus, B6Ola-Pkd1(nl,nl) mice show regression of cysts and renal volume that is not accompanied by a reduction in blood urea levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester Happé
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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19
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Helderman-van den Enden ATJM, Madan K, Breuning MH, van der Hout AH, Bakker E, de Die-Smulders CEM, Ginjaar HB. An urgent need for a change in policy revealed by a study on prenatal testing for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Eur J Hum Genet 2013; 21:21-6. [PMID: 22669413 PMCID: PMC3522203 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal diagnosis for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) was introduced in the Netherlands in 1984. We have investigated the impact of 26 years (1984-2009) of prenatal testing. Of the 635 prenatal diagnoses, 51% were males; nearly half (46%) of these were affected or had an increased risk of DMD. As a result 145 male fetuses were aborted and 174 unaffected boys were born. The vast majority (78%) of females, now 16 years or older, who were identified prenatally have not been tested for carrier status. Their average risk of being a carrier is 28%. We compared the incidences of DMD in the periods 1961-1974 and 1993-2002. The incidence of DMD did not decline but the percentage of first affected boys increased from 62 to 88%. We conclude that a high proportion of families with de novo mutations in the DMD gene cannot make use of prenatal diagnosis, partly because the older affected boys are not diagnosed before the age of five. Current policy, widely accepted in the genetic community, dictates that female fetuses are not tested for carrier status. These females remain untested as adults and risk having affected offspring as well as progressive cardiac disease. We see an urgent need for a change in policy to improve the chances of prevention of DMD. The first step would be to introduce neonatal screening of males. The next is to test females for carrier status if requested, prenatally if fetal DNA is available or postnatally even before adulthood.
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20
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Aten E, Sun Y, Almomani R, Santen GWE, Messemaker T, Maas SM, Breuning MH, den Dunnen JT. Exome sequencing identifies a branch point variant in Aarskog-Scott syndrome. Hum Mutat 2012; 34:430-4. [PMID: 23169394 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Aarskog-Scott syndrome (ASS) is a rare disorder with characteristic facial, skeletal, and genital abnormalities. Mutations in the FGD1 gene (Xp11.21) are responsible for ASS. However, mutation detection rates are low. Here, we report a family with ASS where conventional Sanger sequencing failed to detect a pathogenic change in FGD1. To identify the causative gene, we performed whole-exome sequencing in two patients. An initial analysis did not reveal a likely candidate gene. After relaxing our filtering criteria, accepting larger intronic segments, we unexpectedly identified a branch point (BP) variant in FGD1. Analysis of patient-derived RNA showed complete skipping of exon 13, leading to premature translation termination. The BP variant detected is one of very few reported so far proven to affect splicing. Our results show that besides digging deeper to reveal nonobvious variants, isolation and analysis of RNA provides a valuable but under-appreciated tool to resolve cases with unknown genetic defects.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Dwarfism/diagnosis
- Dwarfism/genetics
- Exome
- Exons
- Face/abnormalities
- Female
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/diagnosis
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/genetics
- Genitalia, Male/abnormalities
- Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/genetics
- Hand Deformities, Congenital/diagnosis
- Hand Deformities, Congenital/genetics
- Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis
- Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics
- Humans
- Male
- Mutation
- Phenotype
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods
- Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmelien Aten
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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21
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Out AA, Wasielewski M, Huijts PEA, van Minderhout IJHM, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Tops CMJ, Nielsen M, Seynaeve C, Wijnen JT, Breuning MH, van Asperen CJ, Schutte M, Hes FJ, Devilee P. MUTYH gene variants and breast cancer in a Dutch case–control study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 134:219-27. [PMID: 22297469 PMCID: PMC3397219 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-1965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The MUTYH gene is involved in base excision repair. MUTYH mutations predispose to recessively inherited colorectal polyposis and cancer. Here, we evaluate an association with breast cancer (BC), following up our previous finding of an elevated BC frequency among Dutch bi-allelic MUTYH mutation carriers. A case–control study was performed comparing 1,469 incident BC patients (ORIGO cohort), 471 individuals displaying features suggesting a genetic predisposition for BC, but without a detectable BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation (BRCAx cohort), and 1,666 controls. First, for 303 consecutive patients diagnosed before age 55 years and/or with multiple primary breast tumors, the MUTYH coding region and flanking introns were sequenced. The remaining subjects were genotyped for five coding variants, p.Tyr179Cys, p.Arg309Cys, p.Gly396Asp, p.Pro405Leu, and p.Ser515Phe, and four tagging SNPs, c.37-2487G>T, p.Val22Met, c.504+35G>A, and p.Gln338His. No bi-allelic pathogenic MUTYH mutations were identified. The pathogenic variant p.Gly396Asp and the variant of uncertain significance p.Arg309Cys occurred twice as frequently in BRCAx subjects as compared to incident BC patients and controls (p = 0.13 and p = 0.15, respectively). The likely benign variant p.Val22Met occurred less frequently in patients from the incident BC (p = 0.03) and BRCAx groups (p = 0.11), respectively, as compared to the controls. Minor allele genotypes of several MUTYH variants showed trends towards association with lobular BC histology. This extensive case–control study could not confirm previously reported associations of MUTYH variants with BC, although it was too small to exclude subtle effects on BC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid A. Out
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Present Address: Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke Wasielewski
- Department of Medical Oncology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Present Address: Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Petra E. A. Huijts
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne J. H. M. van Minderhout
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carli M. J. Tops
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC–Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juul T. Wijnen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn H. Breuning
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christi J. van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke Schutte
- Department of Medical Oncology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Present Address: Lorentz Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik J. Hes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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22
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Sun Y, Bak B, Schoenmakers N, van Trotsenburg ASP, Oostdijk W, Voshol P, Cambridge E, White JK, le Tissier P, Gharavy SNM, Martinez-Barbera JP, Stokvis-Brantsma WH, Vulsma T, Kempers MJ, Persani L, Campi I, Bonomi M, Beck-Peccoz P, Zhu H, Davis TME, Hokken-Koelega ACS, Del Blanco DG, Rangasami JJ, Ruivenkamp CAL, Laros JFJ, Kriek M, Kant SG, Bosch CAJ, Biermasz NR, Appelman-Dijkstra NM, Corssmit EP, Hovens GCJ, Pereira AM, den Dunnen JT, Wade MG, Breuning MH, Hennekam RC, Chatterjee K, Dattani MT, Wit JM, Bernard DJ. Loss-of-function mutations in IGSF1 cause an X-linked syndrome of central hypothyroidism and testicular enlargement. Nat Genet 2012; 44:1375-81. [PMID: 23143598 PMCID: PMC3511587 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Congenital central hypothyroidism occurs either in isolation or in conjunction with other pituitary hormone deficits. Using exome and candidate gene sequencing, we identified 8 distinct mutations and 2 deletions in IGSF1 in males from 11 unrelated families with central hypothyroidism, testicular enlargement and variably low prolactin concentrations. IGSF1 is a membrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed in the anterior pituitary gland, and the identified mutations impair its trafficking to the cell surface in heterologous cells. Igsf1-deficient male mice show diminished pituitary and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations, reduced pituitary thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor expression, decreased triiodothyronine concentrations and increased body mass. Collectively, our observations delineate a new X-linked disorder in which loss-of-function mutations in IGSF1 cause central hypothyroidism, likely secondary to an associated impairment in pituitary TRH signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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23
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Wit JM, van Duyvenvoorde HA, Scheltinga SA, de Bruin S, Hafkenscheid L, Kant SG, Ruivenkamp CAL, Gijsbers ACJ, van Doorn J, Feigerlova E, Noordam C, Walenkamp MJ, Claahsen-van de Grinten H, Stouthart P, Bonapart IE, Pereira AM, Gosen J, Delemarre-van de Waal HA, Hwa V, Breuning MH, Domené HM, Oostdijk W, Losekoot M. Genetic analysis of short children with apparent growth hormone insensitivity. Horm Res Paediatr 2012; 77:320-33. [PMID: 22678306 DOI: 10.1159/000338462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In short children, a low IGF-I and normal GH secretion may be associated with various monogenic causes, but their prevalence is unknown. We aimed at testing GH1, GHR, STAT5B, IGF1, and IGFALS in children with GH insensitivity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Patients were divided into three groups: group 1 (height SDS <-2.5, IGF-I <-2 SDS, n = 9), group 2 (height SDS -2.5 to -1.9, IGF-I <-2 SDS, n = 6) and group 3 (height SDS <-1.9, IGF-I -2 to 0 SDS, n = 21). An IGF-I generation test was performed in 11 patients. Genomic DNA was used for direct sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and whole-genome SNP array analysis. RESULTS Three patients in group 1 had two novel heterozygous STAT5B mutations, in two combined with novel IGFALS variants. In groups 2 and 3 the association between genetic variants and short stature was uncertain. The IGF-I generation test was not predictive for the growth response to GH treatment. CONCLUSION In severely short children with IGF-I deficiency, genetic assessment is advised. Heterozygous STAT5B mutations, with or without heterozygous IGFALS defects, may be associated with GH insensitivity. In children with less severe short stature or IGF-I deficiency, functional variants are rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Wit
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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24
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Hilhorst-Hofstee Y, Scholte AJHA, Rijlaarsdam MEB, van Haeringen A, Kroft LJ, Reijnierse M, Ruivenkamp CAL, Versteegh MIM, Pals G, Breuning MH. An unanticipated copy number variant of chromosome 15 disrupting SMAD3 reveals a three-generation family at serious risk for aortic dissection. Clin Genet 2012; 83:337-44. [PMID: 22803640 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2012.01931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several genes involved in the familial appearance of thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (FTAAD) have been characterized recently, one of which is SMAD3. Mutations of SMAD3 cause a new syndromic form of aortic aneurysms and dissections associated with skeletal abnormalities. We discovered a small interstitial deletion of chromosome 15, leading to disruption of SMAD3, in a boy with mild mental retardation, behavioral problems and revealed features of the aneurysms-osteoarthritis syndrome (AOS). Several family members carried the same deletion and showed features including aortic aneurysms and a dissection. This finding demonstrates that haploinsufficiency of SMAD3 leads to development of both thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections, and the skeletal abnormalities that form part of the aneurysms-osteoarthritis syndrome. Interestingly, the identification of this familial deletion is an example of an unanticipated result of a genomic microarray and led to the discovery of important but unrelated serious aortic disease in the proband and family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hilhorst-Hofstee
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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25
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Yiu KH, Atsma DE, Delgado V, Ng ACT, Witkowski TG, Ewe SH, Auger D, Holman ER, van Mil AM, Breuning MH, Tse HF, Bax JJ, Schalij MJ, Marsan NA. Myocardial structural alteration and systolic dysfunction in preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation carriers. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36115. [PMID: 22574137 PMCID: PMC3344846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the presence of myocardial structural alterations and subtle myocardial dysfunction during familial screening in asymptomatic mutation carriers without hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) phenotype. METHODS AND FINDINGS Sixteen HCM families with pathogenic mutation were studied and 46 patients with phenotype expression (Mut+/Phen+) and 47 patients without phenotype expression (Mut+/Phen-) were observed. Twenty-five control subjects, matched with the Mut+/Phen- group, were recruited for comparison. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate conventional parameters, myocardial structural alteration by calibrated integrated backscatter (cIBS) and global and segmental longitudinal strain by speckle tracking analysis. All 3 groups had similar left ventricular dimensions and ejection fraction. Basal anteroseptal cIBS was the highest in Mut+/Phen+ patients (-14.0±4.6 dB, p<0.01) and was higher in Mut+/Phen- patients as compared to controls (-17.0±2.3 vs. -22.6±2.9 dB, p<0.01) suggesting significant myocardial structural alterations. Global and basal anteroseptal longitudinal strains (-8.4±4.0%, p<0.01) were the most impaired in Mut+/Phen+ patients as compared to the other 2 groups. Although global longitudinal strain was similar between Mut+/Phen- group and controls, basal anteroseptal strain was lower in Mut+/Phen- patients (-14.1±3.8%, p<0.01) as compared to controls (-19.9±2.9%, p<0.01), suggesting a subclinical segmental systolic dysfunction. A combination of >-19.0 dB basal anteroseptal cIBS or >-18.0% basal anteroseptal longitudinal strain had a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 72% in differentiating Mut+/Phen- group from controls. CONCLUSION The use of cIBS and segmental longitudinal strain can differentiate HCM Mut+/Phen- patients from controls with important clinical implications for the family screening and follow-up of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hang Yiu
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- The Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe E. Atsma
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arnold C. T. Ng
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tomasz G. Witkowski
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - See Hooi Ewe
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique Auger
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard R. Holman
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke M. van Mil
- Department of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn H. Breuning
- Department of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hung Fat Tse
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jeroen J. Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J. Schalij
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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26
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Novalic Z, van der Wal AM, Leonhard WN, Koehl G, Breuning MH, Geissler EK, de Heer E, Peters DJM. Dose-dependent effects of sirolimus on mTOR signaling and polycystic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 23:842-53. [PMID: 22343118 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2011040340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) shows beneficial effects in animal models of polycystic kidney disease (PKD); however, two clinical trials in patients with autosomal dominant PKD failed to demonstrate a short-term benefit in either the early or progressive stages of disease. The stage of disease during treatment and the dose of mTOR inhibitors may account for these differing results. Here, we studied the effects of a conventional low dose and a higher dose of sirolimus (blood levels of 3 ng/ml and 30-60 ng/ml, respectively) on mTOR activity and renal cystic disease in two Pkd1-mutant mouse models at different stages of the disease. When initiated at early but not late stages of disease, high-dose treatment strongly reduced mTOR signaling in renal tissues, inhibited cystogenesis, accelerated cyst regression, and abrogated fibrosis and the infiltration of immune cells. In contrast, low-dose treatment did not significantly reduce renal cystic disease. Levels of p-S6Rp(Ser240/244), which marks mTOR activity, varied between kidneys; severity of the renal cystic phenotype correlated with the level of mTOR activity. Taken together, these data suggest that long-term treatment with conventional doses of sirolimus is insufficient to inhibit mTOR activity in renal cystic tissue. Mechanisms to increase bioavailability or to target mTOR inhibitors more specifically to kidneys, alone or in combination with other compounds, may improve the potential for these therapies in PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlata Novalic
- Department of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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27
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Laue K, Pogoda HM, Daniel PB, van Haeringen A, Alanay Y, von Ameln S, Rachwalski M, Morgan T, Gray MJ, Breuning MH, Sawyer GM, Sutherland-Smith AJ, Nikkels PG, Kubisch C, Bloch W, Wollnik B, Hammerschmidt M, Robertson SP. Craniosynostosis and multiple skeletal anomalies in humans and zebrafish result from a defect in the localized degradation of retinoic acid. Am J Hum Genet 2011; 89:595-606. [PMID: 22019272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess exogenous retinoic acid (RA) has been well documented to have teratogenic effects in the limb and craniofacial skeleton. Malformations that have been observed in this context include craniosynostosis, a common developmental defect of the skull that occurs in 1 in 2500 individuals and results from premature fusion of the cranial sutures. Despite these observations, a physiological role for RA during suture formation has not been demonstrated. Here, we present evidence that genetically based alterations in RA signaling interfere with human development. We have identified human null and hypomorphic mutations in the gene encoding the RA-degrading enzyme CYP26B1 that lead to skeletal and craniofacial anomalies, including fusions of long bones, calvarial bone hypoplasia, and craniosynostosis. Analyses of murine embryos exposed to a chemical inhibitor of Cyp26 enzymes and zebrafish lines with mutations in cyp26b1 suggest that the endochondral bone fusions are due to unrestricted chondrogenesis at the presumptive sites of joint formation within cartilaginous templates, whereas craniosynostosis is induced by a defect in osteoblastic differentiation. Ultrastructural analysis, in situ expression studies, and in vitro quantitative RT-PCR experiments of cellular markers of osseous differentiation indicate that the most likely cause for these phenomena is aberrant osteoblast-osteocyte transitioning. This work reveals a physiological role for RA in partitioning skeletal elements and in the maintenance of cranial suture patency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Laue
- Institute of Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
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28
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Gijsbers AC, Dauwerse JG, Bosch CA, Boon EM, van den Ende W, Kant SG, Hansson KM, Breuning MH, Bakker E, Ruivenkamp CA. Three new cases with a mosaicism involving a normal cell line and a cryptic unbalanced autosomal reciprocal translocation. Eur J Med Genet 2011; 54:e409-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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29
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Leonhard WN, van der Wal A, Novalic Z, Kunnen SJ, Gansevoort RT, Breuning MH, de Heer E, Peters DJM. Curcumin inhibits cystogenesis by simultaneous interference of multiple signaling pathways: in vivo evidence from aPkd1-deletion model. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 300:F1193-202. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00419.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) caused by mutations in either the PKD1 or PKD2 gene is a major cause of end-stage renal failure. A number of compounds targeting specific signaling pathways were able to inhibit cystogenesis in rodent models and are currently being tested in clinical trials. However, given the complex signaling in ADPKD, an ideal therapy would likely have to comprise several pathways at once. Therefore, multitarget compounds may provide promising therapeutic interventions for the treatment of ADPKD. To test this hypothesis, we treated Pkd1-deletion mice with diferuloylmethane (curcumin), a compound without appreciable side effects and known to modulate several pathways that are also altered in ADPKD, e.g., mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Wnt signaling. After conditional inactivation of Pkd1, mTOR signaling was indeed elevated in cystic kidneys. Interestingly, also activation of signal transducers and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) strongly correlated with cyst progression. Both pathways were effectively inhibited in vitro by curcumin. Importantly, Pkd1-deletion mice that were treated with curcumin and killed at an early stage of PKD displayed improved renal histology and reduced STAT3 activation, proliferation index, cystic index, and kidney weight/body weight ratios. In addition, renal failure was significantly postponed in mice with severe PKD. These data suggest that multitarget compounds hold promising potential for safe and effective treatment of ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ron T. Gansevoort
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Emile de Heer
- Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; and
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30
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Gijsbers ACJ, den Hollander NS, Helderman-van de Enden ATJM, Schuurs-Hoeijmakers JHM, Vijfhuizen L, Bijlsma EK, van Haeringen A, Hansson KBM, Bakker E, Breuning MH, Ruivenkamp CAL. X-chromosome duplications in males with mental retardation: pathogenic or benign variants? Clin Genet 2011; 79:71-8. [PMID: 20486941 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01438.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies to identify copy number variants (CNVs) on the X-chromosome have revealed novel genes important in the causation of X-linked mental retardation (XLMR). Still, for many CNVs it is unclear whether they are associated with disease or are benign variants. We describe six different CNVs on the X-chromosome in five male patients with mental retardation that were identified by conventional karyotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis. One deletion and five duplications ranging in size from 325 kb to 12.5 Mb were observed. Five CNVs were maternally inherited and one occurred de novo. We discuss the involvement of potential candidate genes and focus on the complexity of X-chromosomal duplications in males inherited from healthy mothers with different X-inactivation patterns. Based on size and/or the presence of XLMR genes we were able to classify CNVs as pathogenic in two patients. However, it remains difficult to decide if the CNVs in the other three patients are pathogenic or benign.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C J Gijsbers
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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31
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Smit DL, Mensenkamp AR, Badeloe S, Breuning MH, Simon MEH, van Spaendonck KY, Aalfs CM, Post JG, Shanley S, Krapels IPC, Hoefsloot LH, van Moorselaar RJA, Starink TM, Bayley JP, Frank J, van Steensel MAM, Menko FH. Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer in families referred for fumarate hydratase germline mutation analysis. Clin Genet 2011; 79:49-59. [PMID: 20618355 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Heterozygous fumarate hydratase (FH) germline mutations cause hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC), an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by multiple cutaneous piloleiomyomas, uterine leiomyomas and papillary type 2 renal cancer. The main objective of our study was to evaluate clinical and genetic data from families suspected of HLRCC on a nationwide level. All families referred for FH mutation analysis in the Netherlands were assessed. We performed FH sequence analysis and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Families with similar FH mutations were examined for haplotype sharing. In 14 out of 33 families, we identified 11 different pathogenic FH germline mutations, including 4 novel mutations and 1 whole-gene deletion. Clinical data were available for 35 FH mutation carriers. Cutaneous leiomyomas were present in all FH mutation carriers older than 40 years of age. Eleven out of 21 female FH mutation carriers underwent surgical treatment for symptomatic uterine leiomyomas at an average of 35 years. Two FH mutation carriers had papillary type 2 renal cancer and Wilms' tumour, respectively. We evaluated the relevance of our findings for clinical practice and have proposed clinical diagnostic criteria, indications for FH mutation analysis and recommendations for management.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Smit
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Happé H, van der Wal AM, Leonhard WN, Kunnen SJ, Breuning MH, de Heer E, Peters DJM. Altered Hippo signalling in polycystic kidney disease. J Pathol 2011; 224:133-42. [DOI: 10.1002/path.2856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Hilhorst-Hofstee Y, Rijlaarsdam MEB, Scholte AJHA, Swart-van den Berg M, Versteegh MIM, van der Schoot-van Velzen I, Schäbitz HJ, Bijlsma EK, Baars MJ, Kerstjens-Frederikse WS, Giltay JC, Hamel BC, Breuning MH, Pals G. The clinical spectrum of missense mutations of the first aspartic acid of cbEGF-like domains in fibrillin-1 including a recessive family. Hum Mutat 2011; 31:E1915-27. [PMID: 20886638 PMCID: PMC3051827 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a dominant disorder with a recognizable phenotype. In most patients with the classical phenotype mutations are found in the fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1) on chromosome 15q21. It is thought that most mutations act in a dominant negative way or through haploinsufficiency. In 9 index cases referred for MFS we detected heterozygous missense mutations in FBN1 predicted to substitute the first aspartic acid of different calcium-binding Epidermal Growth Factor-like (cbEGF) fibrillin-1 domains. A similar mutation was found in homozygous state in 3 cases in a large consanguineous family. Heterozygous carriers of this mutation had no major skeletal, cardiovascular or ophthalmological features of MFS. In the literature 14 other heterozygous missense mutations are described leading to the substitution of the first aspartic acid of a cbEGF domain and resulting in a Marfan phenotype. Our data show that the phenotypic effect of aspartic acid substitutions in the first position of a cbEGF domain can range from asymptomatic to a severe neonatal phenotype. The recessive nature with reduced expression of FBN1 in one of the families suggests a threshold model combined with a mild functional defect of this specific mutation. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Kant SG, van der Kamp HJ, Kriek M, Bakker E, Bakker B, Hoffer MJV, van Bunderen P, Losekoot M, Maas SM, Wit JM, Rappold G, Breuning MH. The jumping SHOX gene--crossover in the pseudoautosomal region resulting in unusual inheritance of Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:E356-9. [PMID: 21068148 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT During meiosis I, the recombination frequency in the pseudoautosomal region on Xp and Yp (PAR1) in males is very high. As a result, mutated genes located within the PAR1 region can be transferred from the Y-chromosome to the X-chromosome and vice versa. PATIENTS Here we describe three families with SHOX abnormalities resulting in Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis or Langer mesomelic dysplasia. RESULTS In about half of the segregations investigated, a transfer of the SHOX abnormality to the alternate sex chromosome was demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Patients with an abnormality of the SHOX gene should receive genetic counseling as to the likelihood that they may transmit the mutation or deletion to a son as well as to a daughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina G Kant
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics-Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Dauwerse JG, Dixon J, Seland S, Ruivenkamp CAL, van Haeringen A, Hoefsloot LH, Peters DJM, Boers ACD, Daumer-Haas C, Maiwald R, Zweier C, Kerr B, Cobo AM, Toral JF, Hoogeboom AJM, Lohmann DR, Hehr U, Dixon MJ, Breuning MH, Wieczorek D. Mutations in genes encoding subunits of RNA polymerases I and III cause Treacher Collins syndrome. Nat Genet 2010; 43:20-2. [PMID: 21131976 DOI: 10.1038/ng.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We identified a deletion of a gene encoding a subunit of RNA polymerases I and III, POLR1D, in an individual with Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS). Subsequently, we detected 20 additional heterozygous mutations of POLR1D in 252 individuals with TCS. Furthermore, we discovered mutations in both alleles of POLR1C in three individuals with TCS. These findings identify two additional genes involved in TCS, confirm the genetic heterogeneity of TCS and support the hypothesis that TCS is a ribosomopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes G Dauwerse
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Helderman-van den Enden ATJM, van den Bergen JC, Breuning MH, Verschuuren JJGM, Tibben A, Bakker E, Ginjaar HB. Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy in the family: have potential carriers been tested at a molecular level? Clin Genet 2010; 79:236-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hassane S, Leonhard WN, van der Wal A, Hawinkels LJ, Lantinga-van Leeuwen IS, ten Dijke P, Breuning MH, de Heer E, Peters DJ. Elevated TGFbeta-Smad signalling in experimental Pkd1 models and human patients with polycystic kidney disease. J Pathol 2010; 222:21-31. [PMID: 20549648 DOI: 10.1002/path.2734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common inherited renal disease characterized by many fluid-filled cysts and interstitial fibrosis in the kidneys, leading to chronic renal failure. During cystogenesis the renal tubules undergo extensive structural alterations that are accompanied by altered cellular signalling, directly and/or indirectly regulated by the PKD1 and PKD2 proteins. Since transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signalling modulates cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, adhesion and migration of various cell types, we studied the activation of this signalling pathway in Pkd1-mutant mouse models at different stages of the disease. Therefore, we analysed expression of the TGFbeta-Smad signalling pathway and its target genes in different Pkd1 mutant mouse models in various stages of polycystic disease. Nuclear accumulation of P-Smad2 in cyst lining epithelial cells was not observed in the initiation phase but was observed at mild and more advanced stages of PKD. This coincides with mild fibrosis and increased mRNA levels of TGFbeta target genes, such as fibronectin, collagen type I, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and matrix metalloproteinase-2. At this stage many interstitial fibroblasts were found around cysts, which also showed nuclear localization for P-Smad2. However, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling, which can antagonize TGFbeta signalling, is not affected, since nuclear expression of P-Smad1/5/8 and expression of the BMP target gene, inhibitor of DNA binding/differential-1 (ID-1) is not altered compared to wild-type controls. Also, human kidneys with progressive ADPKD showed increased nuclear localization of P-Smad2, while in general expression of P-Smad1/5/8 was weak. These results exclude TGFbeta signalling at the initiation of cystogenesis, but indicate an important role during cyst progression and in fibrogenesis of progressive ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrine Hassane
- Centre for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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38
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Aten E, Brasz LC, Bornholdt D, Hooijkaas IB, Porteous ME, Sybert VP, Vermeer MH, Vossen RH, van der Wielen MJ, Bakker E, Breuning MH, Grzeschik KH, Oosterwijk JC, den Dunnen JT. Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvans is caused by mutations in MBTPS2. Hum Mutat 2010; 31:1125-33. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.21335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Visser R, Gijsbers A, Ruivenkamp C, Karperien M, Reeser HM, Breuning MH, Kant SG, Wit JM. Genome-wide SNP array analysis in patients with features of sotos syndrome. Horm Res Paediatr 2010; 73:265-74. [PMID: 20215773 DOI: 10.1159/000284391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sotos syndrome is characterized by overgrowth, facial dysmorphism and learning impairment. Haploinsufficiency of NSD1 accounts for approximately 60-90% of the patients. Consequently, a considerable number of patients with features of Sotos syndrome remain without a molecular diagnosis. To date, target-gene approaches in these patients have not been successful. METHODS Twenty-six Sotos syndrome-like patients were analyzed with a high-resolution whole-genome SNP array, and segregation was studied in the parents. RESULTS Four possible pathogenic copy-number variants including deletions of 10p12.32-p12.31, 14q13.1, Xq21.1-q21.31 and a duplication of 15q11.2-q13.1 were detected. They varied in size from 155 kb to 13.36 Mb. The 10p12.32-p12.31 deletion revealed a candidate gene (PLXDC2) for overgrowth. The 14q13.1 deletion affected only the NPAS3 gene and the patient carrying this deletion displayed mental retardation as the main feature. The Xq21.1-q21.31 deletion and the 15q11.2-q13.1 duplication encompassed multiple genes of which several could be associated with phenotypic expression. CONCLUSION The high-resolution genome-wide SNP array approach resulted in a detection rate of 15% of novel abnormalities and is therefore a powerful method to attain a molecular diagnosis in Sotos syndrome-like patients. Identified candidate genes provide directions for future screening of larger patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco Visser
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. r.visser @ lumc.nl
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40
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Out AA, van Minderhout IJHM, Goeman JJ, Ariyurek Y, Ossowski S, Schneeberger K, Weigel D, van Galen M, Taschner PEM, Tops CMJ, Breuning MH, van Ommen GJB, den Dunnen JT, Devilee P, Hes FJ. Deep sequencing to reveal new variants in pooled DNA samples. Hum Mutat 2010; 30:1703-12. [PMID: 19842214 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated massive parallel sequencing and long-range PCR (LRP) for rare variant detection and allele frequency estimation in pooled DNA samples. Exons 2 to 16 of the MUTYH gene were analyzed in breast cancer patients with Illumina's (Solexa) technology. From a pool of 287 genomic DNA samples we generated a single LRP product, while the same LRP was performed on 88 individual samples and the resulting products then pooled. Concentrations of constituent samples were measured with fluorimetry for genomic DNA and high-resolution melting curve analysis (HR-MCA) for LRP products. Illumina sequencing results were compared to Sanger sequencing data of individual samples. Correlation between allele frequencies detected by both methods was poor in the first pool, presumably because the genomic samples amplified unequally in the LRP, due to DNA quality variability. In contrast, allele frequencies correlated well in the second pool, in which all expected alleles at a frequency of 1% and higher were reliably detected, plus the majority of singletons (0.6% allele frequency). We describe custom bioinformatics and statistics to optimize detection of rare variants and to estimate required sequencing depth. Our results provide directions for designing high-throughput analyses of candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid A Out
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Helderman-van den Enden ATJM, de Jong R, den Dunnen JT, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Kneppers ALJ, Ginjaar HB, Breuning MH, Bakker E. Recurrence risk due to germ line mosaicism: Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy. Clin Genet 2009; 75:465-72. [PMID: 19475718 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2009.01173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The presence of multiple affected offspring from apparently non-carrier parents is caused by germ line mosaicism. Although germ line mosaicism has been reported for many diseases, figures for recurrence risks are known for only a few of them. In X-linked Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD/BMD), the recurrence risk for non-carrier females due to germ line mosaicism has been estimated to be between 14% and 20% (95% confidence interval 3-30) if the risk haplotype is transmitted. In this study, we have analyzed 318 DMD/BMD cases in which the detected mutation was de novo with the aim of obtaining a better estimate of the 'true' number of germ line mosaics and a more precise recurrence risk. This knowledge is essential for genetic counseling. Our data indicate a recurrence risk of 8.6% (4.8-12.2) if the risk haplotype is transmitted, but there is a remarkable difference between proximal (15.6%) (4.1-27.0) and distal (6.4%) (2.1-10.6) deletions. Overall, most mutations originated in the female. Deletions occur more often on the X chromosome of the maternal grandmother, whereas point mutations occur on the X chromosome of the maternal grandfather. In unhaplotyped de novo DMD/BMD families, the risk of recurrence of the mutation is 4.3%.
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Visser R, Koelma N, Vijfhuizen L, van der Wielen MJR, Kant SG, Breuning MH, Wit JM, Losekoot M. RNF135 mutations are not present in patients with Sotos syndrome-like features. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:806-8. [PMID: 19291764 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Remco Visser
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Meijer E, de Jong PE, van der Jagt EJ, Peters DO, Breuning MH, Gansevoort RT. [Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: new insights and possible drugs]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2009; 153:968-974. [PMID: 19490717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Happé H, Leonhard WN, van der Wal A, van de Water B, Lantinga-van Leeuwen IS, Breuning MH, de Heer E, Peters DJM. Toxic tubular injury in kidneys from Pkd1-deletion mice accelerates cystogenesis accompanied by dysregulated planar cell polarity and canonical Wnt signaling pathways. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:2532-42. [PMID: 19401297 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by large fluid-filled cysts and progressive deterioration of renal function necessitating renal replacement therapy. Previously, we generated a tamoxifen-inducible, kidney epithelium-specific Pkd1-deletion mouse model and showed that inactivation of the Pkd1 gene induces rapid cyst formation in developing kidneys and a slow onset of disease in adult mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that injury-induced tubular epithelial cell proliferation may accelerate cyst formation in the kidneys of adult Pkd1-deletion mice. Mice were treated with the nephrotoxicant 1,2-dichlorovinyl-cysteine (DCVC) after Pkd1-gene inactivation, which indeed accelerated cyst formation significantly. After the increased proliferation during tissue regeneration, proliferation decreased to basal levels in Pkd1-deletion mice just as in DCVC-treated controls. However, in severe cystic kidneys, 10-14 weeks after injury, proliferation increased again. This biphasic response suggests that unrestricted cell proliferation after injury is not the underlying mechanism for cyst formation. Aberrant planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling and increased canonical Wnt signaling are suggested to be involved in cyst formation. Indeed, we show here that in Pkd1 conditional deletion mice expression of the PCP component Four-jointed (Fjx1) is decreased while its expression is required during tissue regeneration. In addition, we show that altered centrosome position and the activation of canonical Wnt signaling are early effects of Pkd1-gene disruption. This suggests that additional stimuli or events are required to trigger the process of cyst formation. We propose that during tissue repair, the integrity of the newly formed Pkd1-deficient cells is modified rendering them susceptible to subsequent cyst formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester Happé
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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45
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Breuning MH. [Genetic associate studies in multifactorial genetic diseases]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2009; 153:428-429. [PMID: 19374090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Visser R, Kant SG, Wit JM, Breuning MH. Overgrowth syndromes:from classical to new. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 2009; 6:375-394. [PMID: 19396024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Overgrowth syndromes are a group of growth disorders which have gained joint attention from the fields of pediatrics, endocrinology and genetics. Major progress such as the identification of genetic causes has recently enhanced the delineation of the characteristic and non-characteristic manifestations, phenotype-genotype correlations and knowledge of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. As a consequence, the possibilities for distinction between the different overgrowth disorders have increased. Patients with either typical or non-typical features in whom no molecular abnormalities are found, form a basis for further research. Identification of new pathogenic alterations in these patients, best exemplified by the Marfan-related syndromes, has provided further understanding of the regulatory gene network involved. In light of recent developments and as an aid to the diagnostic process, the aim of this review is to give a comprehensive overview of the clinical, molecular genetic and pathophysiological aspects of each of the classic and new overgrowth syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco Visser
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands.
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de Snoo FA, Bishop DT, Bergman W, van Leeuwen I, van der Drift C, van Nieuwpoort FA, Out-Luiting CJ, Vasen HF, ter Huurne JAC, Frants RR, Willemze R, Breuning MH, Gruis NA. Increased risk of cancer other than melanoma in CDKN2A founder mutation (p16-Leiden)-positive melanoma families. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:7151-7. [PMID: 18981015 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We report the largest study to date analyzing the risk of cancers other than melanoma in melanoma families positive for the same CDKN2A mutation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We studied family members of 22 families positive for the p16-Leiden founder mutation who had attended a surveillance clinic or were their close relatives. Within this cohort, observed and expected rates of cancer were computed by mutation status consisting of 221 (proven plus obligate) carriers, 639 (proven plus obligate) noncarriers, and 668 first-degree relatives whose carrier risk was estimated from the relationship to known carriers and the age and melanoma status of that person and their relatives. RESULTS Our analysis shows a relative risk (RR) of cancer other than melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer of 4.4 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 3.3-5.6], predominantly attributable to the increased risk for pancreatic cancer (RR, 46.6; 95% CI, 24.7-76.4), but also for other cancers. We provide substantial proof for pancreatic cancer being a key component of the p16-Leiden phenotype. Inclusion of this cancer in a penetrance analysis leads to an estimated RR of pancreatic cancer for mutation carriers of 47.8 (95% CI, 28.4-74.7). CONCLUSIONS This study shows clear evidence of increased risk of cancers other than melanoma in CDKN2A families carrying the p16-Leiden mutation. Further research is necessary to determine if similar risks apply to families with CDKN2A mutations other than p16-Leiden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke A de Snoo
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Gijsbers ACJ, D'haene B, Hilhorst-Hofstee Y, Mannens M, Albrecht B, Seidel J, Witt DR, Maisenbacher MK, Loeys B, van Essen T, Bakker E, Hennekam R, Breuning MH, De Baere E, Ruivenkamp CAL. Identification of copy number variants associated with BPES-like phenotypes. Hum Genet 2008; 124:489-98. [PMID: 18953567 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-008-0574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Blepharophimosis-Ptosis-Epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES) is a well-characterized rare syndrome that includes an eyelid malformation associated with (type I) or without premature ovarian failure (type II). Patients with typical BPES have four major characteristics: blepharophimosis, ptosis, epicanthus inversus and telecanthus. Mutations in the FOXL2 gene, encoding a forkhead transcription factor, are responsible for the majority of both types of BPES. However, many patients with BPES-like features, i.e., having at least two major characteristics of BPES, have an unidentified cause. Here, we report on a group of 27 patients with BPES-like features, but without an identified genetic defect in the FOXL2 gene or flanking region. These patients were analyzed with whole-genome high-density arrays in order to identify copy number variants (CNVs) that might explain the BPES-like phenotype. In nine out of 27 patients (33%) CNVs not previously described as polymorphisms were detected. Four of these patients displayed psychomotor retardation as an additional clinical characteristic. In conclusion, we demonstrate that BPES-like phenotypes are frequently caused by CNVs, and we emphasize the importance of whole-genome copy number screening to identify the underlying genetic causes of these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinet C J Gijsbers
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone S-6-P, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 CZ, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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de Snoo FA, Riedijk SR, van Mil AM, Bergman W, ter Huurne JA, Timman R, Bertina W, Gruis NA, Vasen HF, van Haeringen A, Breuning MH, Tibben A. Genetic testing in familial melanoma: uptake and implications. Psychooncology 2008; 17:790-6. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.1377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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50
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Hannes FD, Sharp AJ, Mefford HC, de Ravel T, Ruivenkamp CA, Breuning MH, Fryns JP, Devriendt K, Van Buggenhout G, Vogels A, Stewart H, Hennekam RC, Cooper GM, Regan R, Knight SJL, Eichler EE, Vermeesch JR. Recurrent reciprocal deletions and duplications of 16p13.11: the deletion is a risk factor for MR/MCA while the duplication may be a rare benign variant. J Med Genet 2008; 46:223-32. [PMID: 18550696 PMCID: PMC2658752 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2007.055202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic disorders are often caused by non-allelic homologous recombination between segmental duplications. Chromosome 16 is especially rich in a chromosome-specific low copy repeat, termed LCR16. METHODS AND RESULTS A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) array comparative genome hybridisation (CGH) screen of 1027 patients with mental retardation and/or multiple congenital anomalies (MR/MCA) was performed. The BAC array CGH screen identified five patients with deletions and five with apparently reciprocal duplications of 16p13 covering 1.65 Mb, including 15 RefSeq genes. In addition, three atypical rearrangements overlapping or flanking this region were found. Fine mapping by high-resolution oligonucleotide arrays suggests that these deletions and duplications result from non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR) between distinct LCR16 subunits with >99% sequence identity. Deletions and duplications were either de novo or inherited from unaffected parents. To determine whether these imbalances are associated with the MR/MCA phenotype or whether they might be benign variants, a population of 2014 normal controls was screened. The absence of deletions in the control population showed that 16p13.11 deletions are significantly associated with MR/MCA (p = 0.0048). Despite phenotypic variability, common features were identified: three patients with deletions presented with MR, microcephaly and epilepsy (two of these had also short stature), and two other deletion carriers ascertained prenatally presented with cleft lip and midline defects. In contrast to its previous association with autism, the duplication seems to be a common variant in the population (5/1682, 0.29%). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that deletions inherited from clinically normal parents are likely to be causal for the patients' phenotype whereas the role of duplications (de novo or inherited) in the phenotype remains uncertain. This difference in knowledge regarding the clinical relevance of the deletion and the duplication causes a paradigm shift in (cyto)genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Hannes
- Center for Human Genetics, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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